Evaluation Of In-vitro Efficacy Of Betalactam/Non Betalactam Antimicrobials Against ESBL Genotypes from Wound Infection

Gram-negative isolates with multiple beta-lactamase enzymes often possess gene determinants for resistance to non-beta-lactam antibiotics. The present study evaluates the in-vitro efficacy of ? lactam/non-? lactam antimicrobials against extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) genotypes from wound infection. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of antimicrobials against 38 Enterobacteriaceae isolates from wound infection were determined by Vitek 2 ID/AST cards. ESBL genotypes: SHV, TEM, CTX-M, and OXA-10/11 genes were detected by real-time PCR. A correlation was found between ESBL genotypes and its resistance to imipenem and amoxycillin clavulanate that is statistically significant (p-value < 0.005). No statistically significant finding was noted among ESBL genotypes which showed resistance to meropenem, amikacin, gentamicin, piperacillin-tazobactam, ciprofloxacin and cotrimoxazole (p-value > 0.005). About 85.19% ESBL genotypes showed imipenem and meropenem susceptibility (MIC:- 0.025–1 ?g) and to amikacin (MIC:? 2–16 ?g). In 44.44% of ESBL genotypes showed susceptibility to cefepime (MIC: ? 2 ?g) and 7.41% showed cefepime MIC of 4 to 8 ?g (Susceptible Dose-Dependent). The emergence of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales have highlighted the need to assess the in-vitro efficacy of non-carbapenem betalactam and non-betalactam therapeutic alternatives to treat ESBL infections. Depending on the MIC of cefepime and susceptibility data of aminoglycosides, cotrimoxazole and fluoroquinolones, these drugs can be considered as carbapenem sparing drug as well as for non bacteremic ESBL therapy.

Meta-analysis of the effects of ABCB1 genotype on the efficacy and safety of taxanes in the treatment of breast cancer / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of ABCB1 genotypes on the efficacy and safety of taxanes in the treatment of breast cancer. METHODS By searching Embase，the Cochrane Library， PubMed， CNKI， and Wanfang databases， cohort studies and case-control studies about taxanes in the treatment of breast cancer were collected from the establishment of the database to July 2023. After screeningliterature， extracting data and evaluating quality， meta-analysis was performed by using RevMan 5.3 software. RESULTS A total of 11 studies were included， involving 1 321 patients. There was no correlation between the three genotypes and effective rate， the incidence of myelosuppression， the incidence of neurotoxicity （except for the allele and recessive model of ABCB1 C1236T）， and the incidence of hypersensitivity reactions （P＞0.05）. The subgroup analysis showed that there was a correlation between ABCB1 C1236T dominant model and effective rate when using anthracyclines+5-fluorouracil+cyclophosphamide+taxanes （P＜0.05）， there was a correlation between ABCB1 C3435T recessive model and effective rate when using taxanes+trastuzumab （P＜0.05）. ABCB1 C1236T allele model and recessive model were correlated with sample size ≥100 and using cyclophosphamide+epirubicin+5- fluorouracil+paclitaxel or cyclophosphamide+epirubicin+paclitaxel+trastuzumab or cyclophosphamide+epirubicin+5-fluorouracil+ trastuzumab+paclitaxel regimens； recessive model with sample size ＜100 and the African region were correlated with the incidence of peripheral neuropathy； recessive model was correlated with cutaneous adverse reactions （P＜0.05）. ABCB1 C3435T recessive model was correlated with the incidence of reduced neutrophil count with sample size ≥100； the incidence of white blood cell count reduction with sample size ＜100 and using docetaxel+epirubicin+cyclophosphamide was correlated with both the allele model and the dominant model； the incidence of infections was correlated with the dominant model （P＜0.05）. The incidence of neutrophil count reduction with the sample size ＜100 was correlated with allele model of ABCB1 G2677T/A； the incidence of edema with sample size ≥100 was correlated with allele model and recessive model； the incidence of infection was correlated with allele model and dominant model， especially in patients with neutrophil count complicated with fever （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS ABCB1 genotypes are not correlated with effective rate of taxanes in the treatment of breast cancer， but ABCB1 C3435T genotype is associated with decreased neutrophil counts， decreased white blood cell counts and infections； ABCB1 C1236T genotype is associated with neurotoxicity and cutaneous adverse reactions； ABCB1 G2677T/A genotype is associated with decreased neutrophil counts， infections， and edema.

Prevalence of high-risk human papillomavirus genotypes among apparently healthy women with normal and abnormal cervical cytology in Kaduna State, Nigeria

Background: About 99.7% of cervical dysplasia and cancer cases are caused by persistent genital high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) infection. Most HPV infections are subclinical and self-limiting but may persists in about 5 to 10% of infected women, resulting in pre-cancerous lesions that can progress to invasive cancer years later. This study is aimed at detecting hrHPV among apparently healthy women of reproductive age in Kaduna State, thus providing more information for effective control of HPV and cervical cancer in Nigeria. Methodology: Cervical smears were taken from 515 randomly selected apparently healthy women across selected secondary and tertiary facilities from 3 Local Government Areas (LGAs) in each Senatorial Zone of Kaduna State, Nigeria. Liquid-based cytology (LBC) technique was used to collect cervical smears and prepare smears for cytology study, while the remaining samples were stored at -80oC for molecular studies. HPV DNA were extracted from the samples and amplified by convectional PCR using specific hrHPV (HPV 16,18,31 and 45) primer sets and a broad spectrum MY09/11 and GP5+/6+ primers for a wider range of HPV genotypes. Data were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.0 and relationship between prevalence of hrHPV and socio-demographic factors such as age and marital status were determined using Chisquare or Fisher Exact test with p<0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: The prevalence of total HPV and hrHPV infections in the study population was 11.8% (61/515) and 9.3% (48/515) respectively. A total of 100 HPV genotypes were detected by PCR in the 61 positive smears, with 66 hrHPV types from 48 women, and 34 other HPV types from 13 women. The frequency of hrHPV genotypes detected was HPV 31 (5.8%, n=30), HPV 45 (4.1%, n=21), HPV 16 (1.7%, n=9), and HPV 18 (1.2%, n=6), with other HPV genotypes (6.6%, n=34). The frequency of cervical dysplasia was 6.4% (33/515), which was significantly associated with all HPV genotypes except HPV 16. Single HPV infection was seen in 31 (51.8%) women while multiple infections were seen in 30 (49.2%), with double infection in 21 (34.4%) and triple infections in 9 (14.7%). Conclusion: The prevalence of hrHPV infection was high among women in Kaduna State, Nigeria. DNA-based screening for hrHPV genotypes and production of new vaccine that will protect against the predominant hrHPV genotypes are thus recommended for the prevention of cervical cancer in Nigeria, Africa and beyond.

Principal Component Analysis for Quality Traits in Indigenous Moringa (Moringa oleifera L.) Germplasm Lines

The present investigation was carried out at Department of Vegetable Crops, Horticultural College and Research Institute (HC&RI), Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Periyakulam during 2016 -2017 with twenty genotypes in order to study the genetic diversity for different Quality characters of Moringa by principal component analysis. In this study, out of five principal components (PC), only three components exhibited eigenvalues greater than 0.5 and accounted for 84.12% variability. The PC1 accounted for the highest variability (52.53% of) the total variability, followed by PC2 (17.66%) then PC3 with 13.93%. Thus the results of the principal component analysis revealed, wide genetic variability exists in this Moringa genotype accessions.

Análisis molecular y filogenético del genotipo F de Chlamydia trachomatis aislados en México en 2011 / Molecular and phylogenetic analysis of the F genotype of Chlamydia trachomatis isolated in Mexico in 2011

Resumen Antecedentes: Chlamydia trachomatis es la bacteria que se detecta con mayor frecuencia en las infecciones de transmisión sexual. Se han identificado 20 genotipos de C. trachomatis mediante el gen ompA y varias genovariantes mediante el análisis de polimorfismo de un solo nucleótido (SNP). En México, el genotipo F es el más frecuente. Objetivo: Identificar la existencia de subtipos del genotipo F. Método: Se analizaron siete cepas del genotipo F de C. trachomatis aisladas en 2011, mediante secuenciación de nucleótidos y mapeo con enzimas de restricción. Resultados: El análisis de SNP mostró dos cepas con el mismo SNP en el nucleótido 288 (C288T), mientras que con enzimas de restricción se identificó una variante con diferente RFLP (polimorfismo de la longitud de fragmentos de restricción) cuando se tratan con la mezcla de enzimas HinfI y TaqI. Conclusión: En México se encuentran dos subtipos del genotipo F y solo las enzimas de restricción HinfI y TaqI pueden identificar la existencia de uno de estos genotipos F.

Abstract Background: Chlamydia trachomatis is the most frequently identified bacterium in sexually transmitted infections. Twenty C. trachomatis genotypes have been determined using the ompA gene and several genovariants by single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis. In Mexico, the F genotype is the most frequent. Objective: To identify subtypes of the F genotype. Method: Seven C. trachomatis genotype F strains isolated in 2011 were analyzed by nucleotide sequencing and restriction enzyme mapping. Results: SNP analysis showed two strains with the same SNP at nucleotide 288 (C288T), while with res-triction enzymes, a variant with different RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism) was identified when treated with the mixture of HinfI and TaqI enzymes. Conclusion: In Mexico, there are two subtypes of F, and only with restriction enzymes HinfI and TaqI can identify one of the genovariants of the F genotype.

Genotipificación del virus del papiloma humano en mujeres embarazadas VPH positivas / Genotyping of human papillomavirus in HPV-positive pregnant women

Resumen Antecedentes: Las embarazadas infectadas por el virus del papiloma humano presentan condiciones médicas que influyen en el curso de la enfermedad y pueden potenciar la posibilidad de transmisión vertical. Objetivo: Identificar los genotipos del virus del papiloma humano más frecuentes en mujeres embarazadas. Método: Estudio retrospectivo, observacional y descriptivo. Se emplearon muestras de raspado cervical. La extracción de material genético se hizo por la técnica de fenol-cloroformo y se amplificó empleando iniciadores universales MY09/MY11. Las muestras positivas se genotipificaron con un kit que detecta 37 genotipos diferentes. Resultados: Se identificaron 341 genotipos. Los más frecuentes fueron 16 (10.3%), 52 (8.8%) y 59 (8.6%). En el 75.9% la detección fue con un genotipo y en el 42.7% se detectaron infecciones múltiples. Conclusiones: Es sabido que la infección por virus del papiloma humano en mujeres embarazadas raramente evolucionará a lesiones invasivas. Se deberán considerar tanto las posibles complicaciones obstétricas a corto y largo plazo, así como las posibles repercusiones en la salud del recién nacido. La detección elevada del genotipo 16 sugiere un seguimiento estrecho para considerar un abordaje óptimo posterior a la gestación.

Abstract Background: Pregnant women infected with human papillomavirus have medical conditions that influence the course of the disease and can increase the possibility of vertical transmission. Objective: To identify the most common human papillomavirus genotypes in pregnant women. Method: Retrospective, observational and descriptive study. Cervical scraping samples were used. The extraction of genetic material was done by the phenol-chloroform technique and was amplified using universal primers MY09/MY11. Positive samples were genotyped with a kit that detects 37 different genotypes. Results: Three hundred forty-one genotypes were identified. The most frequent were 16 (10.3%), 52 (8.8%), and 59 (8.6%). In 75.9% the detection was with one genotype and in 42.7% multiple infections were detected. Conclusions: It is known that human papillomavirus infection in pregnant women will rarely evolve to invasive lesions. Both possible short- and long-term obstetric complications, as well as possible repercussions on the health of the newborn, should be considered. The high detection of genotype 16 suggests close follow-up to consider an optimal post-pregnancy approach.

Assessment of Correlation Analysis for Yield and Yield Contributing Traits among Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Genotypes

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is one of the most economically valuable crops worldwide, making it imperative to understand the complex interplay of various factors influencing tomato yield. During the research, we investigate Correlation analysis enhances our understanding of the relationships between the variables. We employ Pearson correlation coefficients to assess the strength and direction of linear associations. The results indicate strong positive correlations between morphological traits of diverse genotypes of tomato. This research article contributes to the existing body of knowledge by providing a comprehensive assessment of the correlations among key factors influencing tomato yield. Our findings have practical implications for tomato growers, enabling them to make informed decisions regarding selection of different tomato genotypes strategies to optimize yield.

Evaluation of Physico-chemical Characters of Different Genotypes of Karonda (Carissa carandas L.)

The current study was conducted in 2021–2022 at the Post Graduate Laboratory of the Department of Horticulture, School of Agriculture, ITM University Gwalior (M.P.). The presents study was entitled to Study onCollection and Evaluation of Karonda (Carissa carandas L.) Genotypes in Gwalior and Etawah Region. In the present study, 20 Karonda genotypes collected from two region viz. Gwalior and Etawah. The experiment was laid out in Complete Randomized Block Design (CRD) with three replications. The results highlighted that, the genotype GKr9 produced maximum fruit weight (3.96 g), fruit width(18.47 mm). The genotype GKr10, GKr11, GKr12, EKr19 and EKr20 produced highest number of seed per fruit (3.0) and seed weight (0.50 g). However, the genotype EKr14 had maximum total soluble solids (6.17°Brix). However, the genotype EKr19 produced highest TSS: acid ratio (4.95) and ascorbic acid (40.76 mg/100g). The genotype GKr12 and GKr13 had maximum pH of the juice (6.43) and acidity (2.44%). Whereas, the genotype GKr8 had maximum reducing sugar (16.64%) and total sugar (45.20%). Thus, on the basis of present study it may be concluded that the genotype GKr8, GKr9 GKr10, GKr11, GKr12, GKr13, EKr14, EKr19 and EKr20 superior among all the genotypes.

Assessment of Growth, Flowering, Yield and Quality Parameters of Different Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) Genotypes

The present investigation was carried out at New Orchard, Main Agricultural Research Station, UAS, Raichur, during late Kharif 2021-22 using thirty-one genotypes and laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications. The result of the study revealed that, there was significant differences (p < 0.05) among the genotypes for all the traits studied. Genotype OPL-2127 recorded the highest plant height (130.69 cm), stem girth (20.45 mm), number of leaves per plant (27.29), leaf area index (3.62), number of nodes per plant (16.04), chlorophyll content (64.26 SPAD readings), fruit length (18.69 cm), number of fruits per plant (16.10), harvesting period (63.50 days), fruit yield per plant (293.53 g), fruit yield per hectare (16.4 t) and it is found to be superior over the other okra genotypes under the study. The highest fruit girth (41.36 mm) and ten fruits weight (230.10 g) was noted in the genotypes OPL-2108 and OPL-2125, respectively. The genotypes OPL-2102 and OPL-2119 recorded the minimum number of days for first flower appearance (34.50) and days to 50 per cent flowering (38.00), respectively which indicates the earliness of the genotypes. OPL-2023 recorded the highest shelf-life (5.50 days) and fibre content (16.09%).

Screening of Promising Genotypes of Isabgol against Downy Mildew Disease (Peronospora plantaginis)

Isabgol (Plantago ovata) is an important Rabi crop grown in dry regions of India. It plays an important role in reducing stomach disorders. The crop of Isabgol suffers with number of diseases. Downy mildew disease of Isabgol caused by Peronospora plantaginis is one of the wide spread and destructive diseases in India. The symptoms of downy mildew of Isabgol appear 30-35 days after sowing. As the disease progressed, the leaves become necrotic and started drying from the tip to backward and plant become stunted. The genotype screening is an eco-friendly method for management of plant diseases; hence an experiment was conducted to identify the resistant genotypes against downy mildew of Isabgol under natural field condition. Out of 36 genotypes, 8 genotypes were found resistant, 15 genotypes were found moderately resistant, 8 genotypes were found moderately susceptible and 5 genotypes were found susceptible against downy mildew of Isabgol.

Stability Analysis in Field Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Genotypes under Various Environmental Conditions

Present study was undertaken to estimate the G x E interactions and identify the stable genotypes for yield traits in field pea. A total of 43 field pea genotypes were evaluated in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) in three replications along with three different dates of sowing at BSP Soybean Unit, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, JNKVV, Jabalpur during Rabi Season 2022-2023. The analysis of variance was applied on 16 different quantitative traits both individually and pooled under various environmental conditions. The stability analysis for seed yield per plant was assessed using Eberhart and Russell's model, revealing significant variations among different genotypes and environmental conditions. The mean squares attributed to both environments and genotype-environment interactions (E + G x E) indicated significant interactions between genotypes and environments. Further, partitioning of genotype-environment (linear) interactions was found to be highly significant for seed yield per plant. Genotypes Shikha, KPMR 485 and HFP 94-12 were found ideal and stable genotypes for seed yield per plant as that possessed mean value higher than general mean, regression coefficient near to unity (Bi=1) with minimum deviation from regression (S2di~0). Thus, identified stable genotypes can be utilized for different seasons and regions for obtaining the stable yield performance.

Evaluation of Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) Genotypes for Growth, Phenological and Yield under North-Eastern Dry Zone of Karnataka, India

Eight grape genotypes were evaluated during 2021-2022 at New orchard, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, Karnataka. The experiment was conducted in Randomized Block Design with three replication. The grape cultivars of five year old vines planted at spacing of 3.0m× 1.5m and trained on Y system of training. The forward pruning was done on 21st October, 2021. There were eight table grape genotypes under the evaluation study, i.e., Thompson Seedless, Manik Chaman, Sharad Seedless, 2A Clone, K.R. White, Manjari Naveen, Fantasy Seedless and Medica. Among genotypes, Medica recorded the maximum pruning weight (1.39 Kg vine-1), number of fruitful canes vine-1(36.00). Thompson Seedless observed maximum shoot length (126.49 cm). Manik Chaman recorded maximum cane diameter (10.31 mm). The genotype Thompson Seedless has recorded earliness in bud sprouting (7.10 days), minimum number of days to anthesis (29.12 days) and fruitset (35.25 days). The early ripening genotypes was Sharad Seedless (98.70 days). The maximum bunch weight was recorded in the genotype 2A Clone (598.87 g). The genotype Medica recorded the maximum number of bunches vine-1(112.00) with highest bunch yield (41.32 kg vine-1)

Assessment of Genetic Variability, Heritability and Genetic Advance among Different Characters in Tomato [Solanum lycopersicum (Mill.) Wettsd]

The field experiment was carried out at Horticulture Research Farm No.1, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow during Rabi season 2021-22. In this, twenty genotypes including check cultivars were evaluated to estimate the genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance for different characters. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications. Characters viz., days to 50% flowering, plant height, number of primary branches per plant, polar diameter of fruit, equatorial diameter of fruit, total soluble solids, number of fruits per cluster, average fruit weight, number of fruits per plant, marketable fruit yield per plant, unmarketable fruit yield per plant and total fruit yield per plant were studied during the experiment. Analysis of variance showed significant differences among genotypes for all the characters under study during the investigation. The Phenotypic coefficient of variance (PCV) was higher than the genotypic coefficient of the variation (GCV) for the characters studied. The highest genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) was observed for unmarketable fruit yield per plant. The moderate GCV was reported for total fruit yield per plant followed by plant height and average fruit weight, polar diameter of fruit, no. of primary branches per plant, marketable fruit yield per plant and equatorial diameter of fruit whereas it was least for TSS followed by days to 50% flowering and number of fruits per cluster. Therefore these characters exhibited high heritability coupled with genetic advance thus show some scope for improvement through selection.

Varietal Mean Performance of Garden Pea (Pisum sativum var. hortense L.) Under Subtropical Conditions of Punjab, India

This study on genetic variability and character association in fourteen genotypes of garden pea was conducted during the period spanning from 2022 to 2023. The research was carried out at the Agricultural Farm, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara (Punjab), India. The results obtained from this study revealed a significant variation in the mean performance among genotypes concerning various parameters, including days to 50% flowering, plant height, number of nodes per plant, number of primary branches per plant, node to 1st flower appears, node to 1st pod appears, internodal length, length of pod, number of seeds per pod, number of pods per plant, 100 seeds weight, number of seeds per 100g pods, number of pods per 100g, pod yield per plant and total soluble solids. Among these parameters, it was observed that the number of primary branches per plant was highest (4.60) in the Tako-11 genotype, followed by GS-10 (4.46) and Samag (4.46). In terms of plant height, BKS pea recorded the highest measurement (91.28 cm), closely followed by Peas A-1 (90.85 cm). The genotypes GS-10 and AP-3 demonstrated superior performance in terms of yield as 104.70 g and 102.97 g, respectively. Furthermore, the assessment of total soluble solids content revealed that genotypes like GS-10 with 19.82°B and Nirali with 18.81°B exhibited higher sweetness levels in their pods compared to the other genotypes. Results of analysis of variance in this study indicated a substantial variance across the traits considered under investigation. Furthermore, it revealed that there are ample opportunities exist for the selection of promising genotypes with favorable characteristics for further agricultural development and breeding programs. From the obtained results it can be concluded that a notable variation in various agronomic traits was observed and these findings would be helpful in providing valuable insights for future research and breeding efforts aimed at enhancing garden pea cultivation and productivity.

Source-Sink Relationsionship Studies in Multicapsule Genotypes of Sesame

A study was conducted to determine the source and sink relationship in multicapsule genotypes of sesame. Thirty-six multicapsule genotypes along with two single capsule genotypes as checks were used in this study. Data on source characters such as number of leaf axils, leaf area, SPAD chlorophyll, photosynthetic rate, plant height, stem girth was recorded at capsule formation stage. Similarly, data on sink related characters such as number of flowers per axil, number of capsules per axil, capsule length, breadth, seed weight, seed yield per plant, and oil content were recorded. There were 1 to 3 capsules per axil, genotypes, SC-500-1, PI-154298, JCS-1020, exhibited 3 capsules at every axil. The results indicated the source characters such as number of leaf axils per plant was significantly positively correlated with seed yield per plant, leaf area was significantly positively correlated with number of flowers per main stem, total capsule number per main stem and seed weight of the right capsule in the bunch of the capsules. SPAD chlorophyll was positively associated with, number of flowers per axil, number of capsules per axil and seed yield per plant. Photosynthetic rate was significantly associated with total number of capsules per main stem of the plant, oil content and test weight. There were 7 principal components which explained 80 of the variation presents in the genotypes. Characters such as number of flowers per axil, number of leaf axils per plant, number of capsules per axil in the main stem and capsule length, weight, seed weight of left and right capsules contributed for the variation. Variation in these characters distributed the genotypes across the axis in the PCA biplot. Genotypes such as SC-500, PI-154298 exhibited high capsules number per plant, capsules per axil, capsule length and capsule seed weight. This study indicated that the genotypes showing more than 1 capsules per axil have high leaf area, stem girth. These genotypes are potential source for utilization in yield improvement programmes.

Identificación de subtipos de blastocystis sp asociados a fuentes de transmisión en una zona rural del departamento del Quindío / Identification of blastocystis sp subtypes associated to transmission sources in a rural area of the department of Quindío

Introducción. Blastocystis sp es un protozoo parásito que se encuentra en el tracto intestinal del hombre y algunos animales, se estima que infecta a más de 1.000 millones de personas en el mundo. El presente trabajo tuvo como Objetivo determinar los genotipos de Blastocystis sp asociados a diferentes fuentes de transmisión en zona rural del departamento del Quindío. Materiales y Métodos. Se obtuvieron 42 muestras coprológicas de niños entre 0 y 14 años, 17 de heces de animales, 17 de alimentos, 28 de superficies inertes ,15 de suelo, 18 de agua de red domiciliaria y 3 de fuente hídrica. Se realizó extracción de ADN y amplificación por PCR para Blastocystis sp usando como blanco el gen SSADNr. Las secuencias fueron alineadas con ClustalW y se realizaron árboles filogenéticos el programa (MEGA11). Resultados. De las 140 muestras recolectadas entre coprológicos de población infantil y matrices ambientales, se encontró una prevalencia de Blastocystis sp del 23,5 % en alimentos, 22,2% en red domiciliaria y del 4,75 % en la población infantil, no hubo evidencia estadística que implicara una asociación entre la presencia de este protozoo y las variables sociodemográficas. Se encontró el subtipo 2 asociado a población infantil y el subtipo 3 asociado a matrices ambientales (agua y alimentos) y población infantil. Conclusiones: Se reporta la presencia de Blastocystis sp en tomate y zanahoria, en la red domiciliaria y población infantil en una zona rural del departamento del Quindío donde los subtipos asociados fueron el subtipo 2 y 3.

Introduction. Blastocystis sp is a parasitic protozoan found in the intestinal tract of man and some animals, and it is estimated that it infects more than 1,000 million people in the world. In the national parasitism survey, it was reported with a prevalence of 52% in the northern Andean region. The aim of this study was to determine the genotypes of Blastocystis sp associated with different sources of transmission in rural areas of the department of Quindío. Materials and Methods. Forty-two coprological samples were obtained from children between 0 and 14 years of age, 17 from animal feces, 17 from food, 28 from inert surfaces, 15 from soil, 18 from household water and 3 from water sources. DNA extraction and PCR amplification were performed for Blastocystis sp using the SSADNr gene as target. The sequences were aligned with ClustalW and phylogenetic trees were performed with the program (MEGA11). Results. Of the 140 samples collected between coprological samples of children and environmental matrices, we found a prevalence of Blastocystis sp of 23.5% in food, 22.2% in the home network and 4.75% in the child population, there was no statistical evidence implying an association between the presence of this protozoan and sociodemographic variables. Subtype 2 was found associated with infant population and subtype 3 associated with environmental matrices (water and food) and infant population. Conclusions: We report the presence of Blastocystis sp in tomato and carrot, in the home network and infant population in a rural area of the department of Quindío where the associated subtypes were subtype 2 and 3.

Study of Genetic Variability of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L) Germplasm for Fodder Yield and It’s Attributing Traits

The study investigated the phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variation (PCV and GCV) and heritability estimates for various agronomic and nutritional traits in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata). The analysis aimed to identify traits with optimum variability and heritability, as well as to explore the potential presence of additive genetic variance in specific characteristics. The results revealed that the number of secondary branches, plant height, and leaf length exhibited high estimates of both PCV and GCV, indicating the presence of ample variability for these particular attributes within the population. Additionally, the heritability and genetic advance for the number of secondary branches, plant height, dry fodder yield, leaf length, number of primary branches, leaf width, fresh leaf weight (g), green fodder yield, and fresh stem weight (g) were found to be significant, indicating that these traits were predominantly governed by additive gene action. The findings of this study hold significant implications for future breeding programs and genetic improvement strategies. The identified high heritability and genetic advance for the aforementioned traits suggest that these characteristics can be effectively manipulated through selective breeding to develop improved and high-yielding plant varieties.

Effect of Magnetic Field and Electric Current Treatments on Growth, Yield and Seedling Parameters in Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum L.)

Effect of pre-sowing magnetic field (MF) and electric current treatments on germination, seedling parameters and yield attributes in Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum L) was investigated in this experiment. This study was designed to check the response of magnetic and electric treatments with different intensities and durations on buckwheat on different growth, yield and seedling parameters such as field emergence, leaf surface area, plant height, days to first flowering, seed yield per plant, biological yield, harvest index, germination per-cent, root length, shoot length, seedling fresh weight, seedling dry weight, vigour index ?, seed metabolic efficiency and chlorophyll content (a & b). Seeds of Buckwheat (IC-329456) treated by using an AC magnetic flux intensities 75mT, 100mT, 125mT for 3 and 5 minutes in the magnetic field and AC electric current ranging from 75mA, 100mA, 125mA for 30,60,90 seconds. In this study, it found that among various treatments T6 (Magnetic field @ 125mT for 5 minutes) performing better in terms of field emergence (96.04%), leaf area (30.87m2), days to first flowering(46days), seed yield per plant (8.80g), while lowest was found in control. Results showed that the seeds treated with magnetic field demonstrated remarkable effects on growth and yield parameters of buckwheat. Germination per-cent (99%), seedling fresh weight (0.177g), seedling dry weight (0.035) and chlorophyll (a & b) content was maximum in T6 (Magnetic field @ 125mT for 5 minutes) which performed better among the other treatments. Effect of treatments on seedling parameters were found to be non-significant. Both the electric current and magnetic field treatment of seeds is likely to play an important role in production of food which is free from toxic and chemical residues were beneficial for human consumption.

Evaluation of Ivy Gourd (Coccinia grandis L) Genotypes under Prayagraj Agro Climatic Conditions

The present investigation entitled “Evaluation of Ivy gourd (Coccinia grandis L) genotypes under Prayagraj agro climatic conditions” was carried out from October, 2022 to March 2023 at Horticultural Research Field, Department of Horticulture, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology And Sciences, Prayagraj, U.P. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with seven genotypes in three replications. The genotypes namely G1-Arka Neelachal Khunki, G2-Arka Neelachal Sabuja, G3-Local Geda, G4-Local Denga, G5-Surekha, G6- CHIV-7 and G7-CHIV-8 were evaluated. It was concluded that all seven genotypes showed a significant performance on almost all the growth and yield characters as well as quality of Ivy gourd. The genotype G2-Arka Neelachal Sabuja was found superior in terms of vine length (315.11 cm), petiole length (6.37 cm), internodal length (12.71cm),fruit diameter (2.87 cm), average fruit weight (21.08 g), No. of seeds per fruit (122), No. of fruits per plant (422), fruit yield per plant (8.82 kg) ,fruit yield per hectare (17.35 t/ha), TSS (4.33), Ascorbic acid (15.34 mg/100g) and minimum days taken for first female flower anthesis (35.17 days) whereas maximum fruit length was obtained from genotype G1- Arka Neelachal Khunki (6.12 cm). Among the genotypes, highest gross return (Rs/ha) (3,47,000), net return (Rs/ha) (1,90,140), benefit cost ratio (2.21) was also obtained from genotype G2 i.e Arka Neelachal Sabuja.

Studies on Dynamics of Growth Pattern in Chickpea and Their Correlations to Seed Yield under Different Sowing Dates in North– West India

The experiment was conducted with ten genotypes of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) viz ICCV 88503, ICCV 92944, HC- 1, HC-3, HC-5, H12-64, H13-01, H13-02, H14-01 and H14-04 for three dates of sowing i.e 15th October, 15thNovember and 15thDecember at the field in randomized block design during Rabi season of 2017-18 and 2018-19 at Pulses Section, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar to observe the effect of sowing dates on vegetative and reproductive growth rate of chickpea genotypes at different intervals i.e 30, 60, 90, and 120 DAS with their correlations to seed yield. The dry weight of leaves, stem, pods, plant height, crop growth rate, relative growth rate and pollen viability were minimum in 15thDecember sowing and maximum in 15thOctober sowing at all intervals. Among genotypes, maximum dry matter and growth rate were observed in H12-64 and H13-01 while minimum were found in H14-04. Seed yield exhibited significant positive correlation with all traits in 15th October and 15th November sowing while non-significant was on 15th December sowing.