Accuracy of portable hemoglobinometer in maintenance hemodialysis patients / 中华肾脏病杂志

This study aims to evaluate the accuracy of portable hemoglobinometer (Hemocue Hb 201+ hemoglobin analyzer) in patients with maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) and its diagnostic value for anemia. The data of venous hemoglobulin (Hb) and fingertip capillary hemoglobulin (DHb) in MHD patients from Lingnan Hospital, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University were retrospectively analyzed, and the correlation and difference between DHb and Hb and the accuracy of DHb in the diagnosis of anemia were evaluated. A total of 105 patients were included in the study. There was no significant difference between the paired DHb and Hb [(109±21) g/L vs. (108±20) g/L, t=-1.284, P=0.202]. Pearson correlation analysis showed that DHb was positively correlated with Hb ( r=0.929, P<0.001). Linear regression analysis showed that DHb and Hb met the regression equation Hb=0.88×DHb+12.23, and P<0.001. Bland-Altman analysis showed that the differences between the paired DHb and Hb was (1.0±7.8) g/L with the limit of agreement as (-14.2, 16.2) g/L. The mean percentage of the differences in Hb was 1% with limit of agreement as (-13.7%, 15.7%). A DHb of >110 g/L was 0.90 sensitive and 0.83 specific to identify patients with an Hb >110 g/L and its positive and negative predictive values were 0.84 and 0.90, respectively. It suggests that, in MHD patients, Hemocue Hb 201+ analyzer shows good accuracy, and can be used to monitor the Hb trend and serve as a screen method for those reaching target Hb.

Relationship between protein-energy wasting and parathyroid hormone levels in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis / 中国基层医药

Objective:To investigate the relationship between protein-energy wasting (PEW) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted to enroll 150 adult patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis at The Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University from January 2022 to May 2023. These patients were categorized into four groups based on their PTH levels: low PTH group (< 150 ng/L), standard PTH group (150-300 ng/L), very high PTH group (300-600 ng/L), and extreme high PTH group (> 600 ng/L). The diagnosis of PEW was determined using the diagnostic criteria proposed by the International Society of Renal Nutrition and Metabolism (ISRNM). Logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the association between PEW and PTH levels.Results:Among the 150 patients undergoing maintenance dialysis, 52 (34.7%) were diagnosed with PEW. The prevalence of PEW was significantly higher in the low PTH group compared with the standard, very high, and extreme high PTH groups ( χ2 = 20.64, all P < 0.05). Univariate logistic regression analysis revealed a strong association between low PTH levels ( OR = 13.810, 95% CI: 2.907-65.603, P = 0.001) and an increased risk of PEW. The risk of PEW in the low PTH group was 13.810 times higher than that in the extreme high PTH group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis further confirmed that low PTH levels ( OR = 19.891, 95% CI: 1.810-218.620, P = 0.014) and low C-reactive protein levels ( OR = 1.056, 95% CI: 1.015-1.099, P = 0.007) were independently associated with an increased risk of PEW. Higher hemoglobin levels ( OR = 0.959, 95% CI: 0.931-0.988, P = 0.005) and a larger middle upper arm circumference ( OR = 0.544, 95% CI: 0.338-0.875, P = 0.012) were independently associated with a reduced risk of PEW. The risk of PEW in the low PTH group was 19.891 times higher than that in the extreme high PTH group. However, there was no significant difference in the risk of PEW in the standard and very high PTH groups compared with the extreme high PTH group (both P > 0.05). Conclusion:The risk of PEW is markedly elevated in patients with low PTH levels, emphasizing the importance of clinical attention to the prevention and treatment of low PTH levels. Addressing this issue may hold great value in reducing the risk of PEW.

Utilization of dapsone and hemoglobin in the epithelial skin regeneration therapy of cutaneous loxoscelism: A case report and integrative literature review

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Loxosceles spp are arthropods found worldwide. Its bite may produce cutaneous loxoscelism (necrotic or edematous) or cutaneous-visceral loxoscelism. Depending on their severity and location, cutaneous forms are managed with local cold application and systemic administration of antihistamines, corticosteroids, antibiotics, polymorphonuclear inhibitors, and analgesics. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to report a case of cutaneous loxoscelism and to identify the main dermatological manifestations associated with the Loxosceles spp bite. DESIGN AND SETTING: This case report and literature review was conducted in a Mexican university. METHODS: A detailed report on the medical management of a patient with cutaneous loxoscelism treated at the emergency department of a public hospital was published. Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases were searched to identify articles reporting cutaneous loxoscelism. The following keywords were used during the database search: "loxoscelism" OR "spider bite," OR "loxosceles" OR "loxosceles species" OR "loxosceles venom" OR "loxoscelism case report" AND "cutaneous" OR "dermonecrotic arachnidism." RESULTS: A 62-year-old female patient with cutaneous loxoscelism was treated with systemic dapsone and local heparin spray. Eighteen studies with 22 clinical cases were included in this systematic review. Of the 22 patients, 12 (54.5%) were men. L. rufescens was the predominant spider species. CONCLUSIONS: The administration of dapsone and heparin for the management of cutaneous loxoscelism demonstrated success in this case, with no sequelae observed. In general, the literature review indicated favorable outcomes in patients treated with antimicrobials and corticosteroids, with continuous healing of skin lesions. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO ID CRD42023422424 (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42023422424).

Hemoglobin/Red Cell Distribution Width Ratio is Associated With Poor Prognosis in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome in Long-Term Follow-Up

Abstract Background Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is the most common subtype of coronary artery disease (CAD). It is one of the main reasons affecting the expected life expectancy and quality of life. Objetives In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between major adverse cardiac events (MACE) and Hemoglobin (Hb)/Red cell distribution width (RDW) in long-term follow-up after ACS. Methods A total of 1,146 ACS patients were included in the study, being classified according to the type of myocordial infarction (MI). MACE were recorded in long-term follow-up. The relationship between Hb/RDW and MACE was investigated. The statistical analyses of Mann-Whitney U test for comparison of two independent groups and chi-square test for categorical variables were used. In order to determine the diagnostic feature of the HB/RDW ratio, the diagnostic ratios were calculated by applying Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (ROC) analysis. A p < 0.05 value was considered statistically significant in all analyses. Results: When the patients were analyzed according to MI types — ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI)/Non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) —, it was observed that Hb/RDW (p = 0.038) was significantly higher in the STEMI group. The Hb/RDW ratio was statistically significant in predicting mortality. As a result of ROC analysis, Area Under the Curve (AUC) = 0.654 (p < 0.001) was found. The cut-off value for the Hb/RDW ratio was calculated as 0.947. The sensitivity and specificity of 76.9% and 48.4% for the diagnostic rates obtained were moderately acceptable. Conclusion The Hb/RDW-long-term mortality relationship was found to be significant in ROC analysis. It can be used in clinical practice as it is cheap, easy to apply, and reduces possible bias in post-ACS follow-up.

Hemoglobina Denver, una causa de desaturación en oximetría de pulso. Reporte de caso en un paciente pediátrico / Hemoglobin Denver, a cause of desaturated pulse oximetry. A pediatric case report

Las hemoglobinopatías son trastornos genéticos que afectan a la molécula de hemoglobina (Hb). Las mutaciones en las cadenas a o b que alteran el tetrámero de Hb pueden modificar la capacidad de la molécula para unirse al oxígeno. Las hemoglobinopatías con baja afinidad al oxígeno pueden presentarse con cianosis y una lectura alterada de la oximetría de pulso, lo que lleva a pruebas innecesarias y, a veces, invasivas para descartar afecciones cardiovasculares y respiratorias. En el siguiente reporte de caso, presentamos a una paciente pediátrica, asintomática, que se presentó a la consulta por detección de desaturación en oximetría de pulso. Las pruebas de laboratorio iniciales mostraron una anemia normocítica, normocrómica. Las muestras de gas venoso demostraron una p50 elevada. Después de extensas herramientas de diagnóstico, se diagnosticó una variante de Hb con baja afinidad al oxígeno, Hb Denver.

Hemoglobinopathies are genetic disorders that affect the hemoglobin (Hb) molecule. Mutations in the alpha or beta chains altering the Hb tetramer may modify the molecule's oxygen-binding capacity. Hemoglobinopathies with low oxygen affinity may occur with cyanosis and an altered pulse oximetry reading, leading to unnecessary and sometimes invasive tests to rule out cardiovascular and respiratory conditions. In the case report described here, we present an asymptomatic pediatric patient who consulted for desaturated pulse oximetry. Her initial laboratory tests showed normocytic, normochromic anemia. Venous blood gas samples showed an elevated p50. After using extensive diagnostic tools, a variant of Hb with low oxygen affinity was diagnosed: Hb Denver.

Relación del equivalente de hemoglobina reticulocitaria (Ret-He) con diferentes categorías según la concentración de hemoglobina en candidatos a donar sangre

Objetivo: determinar la relación entre el Ret-He con diferentes categorías según la concentración de hemoglobina en candidatos a donar sangre. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal a partir de la revisión de 227 historias clínicas de candidatos a donar sangre durante el mes de diciembre del 2021 en el Servicio de Banco de Sangre y Hemoterapia del Hospital Cayetano Heredia. Se categorizó en 3 grupos según los niveles de hemoglobina: Grupo 1: ≥12,5 g/dl (mujeres) - ≥13,5 g/dl (varones). Grupo 2: 12 g/dl ≥ mujeres <12.5 g/dl y 13 g/dl ≥ varones<13.5 g/dl. Grupo 3: <12 g/dl (mujeres) - <13 g/dl (varones). Se tomaron datos de hematocrito, hemoglobina, VCM, HCM, CHCM y Ret-He. Para el análisis bivariado se utilizó el análisis de varianza (ANOVA) y se consideró un nivel de significancia del 5 %. Resultados: La mediana de Ret-He fue mayor en el grupo 1 que en el grupo 2 (33.5 frente a 32.5; p=0.002) y en el grupo 3 (33.5 frente a 27.8; p<0.001). Se encontró relación estadísticamente significativa entre los grupos estudiados y Ret-He (p<0.001), además de una correlación positiva moderada fuerte entre Ret-He y los índices eritrocitarios. Conclusiones: Se encontró una asociación significativa entre los grupos basados en categorías de hemoglobina y la Ret-He en candidatos a donar sangre.

Objective: to determine the relationship between Ret-He with different categories according to hemoglobin concentration in candidates for blood donation. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out based on the review of 227 medical records of candidates to donate blood during the month of December 2021 in the Blood Bank and Hemotherapy Service of the Cayetano Heredia Hospital. They were categorized into 3 groups according to hemoglobin levels: Group 1: ≥12.5 g/dl (females) - ≥13.5 g/dl (males). Group 2: 12 g/dl ≥ females <12.5 g/dl and 13 g/dl ≥ males<13.5 g/dl. Group 3: <12 g/dl (females) - <13 g/dl (males). Hematocrit, hemoglobin, VCM, HCM, CHCM and Ret-He data were collected. For the bivariate analysis, analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used and a significance level of 5% was considered. Results: The median Ret-He was higher in group 1 than in group 2 (33.5 vs. 32.5; p=0.002) and in group 3 (33.5 vs. 27.8; p<0.001). A statistically significant relationship was found between the groups studied and Ret-He (p<0.001), in addition to a moderate-strong positive correlation between Ret-He and erythrocyte indices. Conclusions: An association was found between groups based on hemoglobin categories and Ret-He in blood donation candidates.

Hemoglobina como predictor del recuento de hematocrito y hematíes según edad y sexo en una población de Villa El Salvador en Lima-Perú

Objetivo: Evaluar el grado de correlación de la hemoglobina como posible predictor del hematócrito y recuento de hematíes según la edad y el sexo en una población del distrito de Villa El Salvador, Lima-Perú. Materiales y métodos: Estudio observacional, analítico, correlacional y prospectivo realizado a 550 hombres y 700 mujeres de todas las edades que acudieron a las campañas de prevención promocionales de salud mensuales, así como a las consultas médicas de rutina, desde enero de 2021 a junio de 2022. El muestreo fue no probabilístico por conveniencia. Las variables fueron sexo, grupo etario, hematocrito y recuento de hematíes; se aplicó la prueba de correlación de Spearman debido a que la prueba de normalidad de Kolmogorov-Smirnov mostró que la distribución no era normal. Se consideró un valor de p significativo menor del 0,05 con un intervalo de confianza al 95 %. Resultados: Hubo mayor prevalencia de anemia en el grupo de mujeres mayores de 11 años (35,10 %), mientras que los niveles de hemoglobina en menores de 11 años fueron, principalmente, normales en la mayoría de los pacientes. Se encontraron correlaciones altas y positivas entre hemoglobina y hematocrito cercanas a 1 en todos los grupos de edad y para ambos sexos. También se halló correlaciones moderadas y positivas entre infantes y niñas (Rho = 0,525), adolescentes y mujeres (Rho = 624), así como infantes y niños (Rho = 0,597). Conclusiones: Los niveles de hemoglobina se correlacionan de forma alta y positiva con el hematocrito. Es posible que el análisis simultáneo de hemoglobina y hematocrito sea clínica y económicamente innecesario en el cribado y en las campañas de prevención promocionales sobre anemia en grandes grupos poblacionales. Asimismo, la hemoglobina se correlaciona de forma moderada y positiva con los hematíes en niños de ambos sexos y adolescentes mujeres. Es necesario ampliar la investigación con estudios que profundicen las razones que causan que la correlación varíe en estos grupos.

Objective: To assess the degree of hemoglobin correlation as a possible predictor of hematocrit and red blood cell count according to age and sex in a population of the district of Villa El Salvador, Lima, Peru. Materials and methods: An observational, analytical, correlational and prospective study carried out with 550 men and 700 women of all ages who attended monthly preventive-promotional health campaigns, as well as routine medical consultations, from January 2021 to June 2022. Collected data consisted of hematocrit, red blood cells and hemoglobin counts. The Spearman's correlation coefficient was used. Results: There was a higher prevalence of anemia in the group of women older than 11 years (35.10 %), while hemoglobin levels in most children younger than 11 years were mainly normal. High and positive correlations between hemoglobin and hematocrit close to one were found in all age groups and both sexes. In addition, moderate and positive correlations were found in female infants and girls (Rho = 0.525), female adolescents (Rho = 624), as well as male infants and boys (Rho = 0.597). Conclusions: Hemoglobin levels are highly and positively correlated with hematocrit. Simultaneous hemoglobin and hematocrit testing may be clinically and economically unnecessary in screening and preventive-promotional campaigns on anemia conducted in large population groups. Likewise, hemoglobin correlates moderately and positively with red blood cell in children of both sexes and female adolescents. Further research is needed to deepen the reasons why correlation varies in these groups.

Prevalence of Anemia among Adolescent Girls in Rural Area of a District of Maharashtra

Introduction: Nutritional anemia is one of India’s major public health problems. Adolescence is a vulnerable period in the human life cycle for the development of nutritional anemia. Anemia in adolescent girls contributes to maternal and foetal mortality and morbidity in future. Aim and Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of anemia among adolescent girls and to study the sociodemographic factors associated with anemia. Method: It was a community based cross sectional study in 10 villages of a district. 420 adolescent girls were interviewed using a predesigned, pretested questionnaire, and their anemic status was assessed by hemoglobin estimation. Results were analyzed by using percentage, proportion and Chi-square test, with the help of Microsoft Excel 2007 and SPSS version 20.0 statistical software. Result: Mean age of the study sample was 14.01 ± 2.57 years. The majority (64.8%) of the girls were Hindu by religion and belonged to a nuclear family (53.6%). 45.2 % were educated up to high school level. Most of the girls belonged to socioeconomic class IV (46.0%). The prevalence of anemia in this study was found to be 65.7%. The prevalence of mild and moderate anemia among study participants was 32.6 and 29.8%, respectively. A statistically significant association was found between the prevalence of anemia with age group, educational status of both father and mother, and status of attainment of menarche (p<0.05). Conclusion and Recommendation: The prevalence of anemia among adolescent girls was very high; therefore, attempts must be made to sensitize adolescents and their parents through health and nutrition education, information, education, and communication (IEC), and appropriate behavioral change communication (BCC) activities.

Status of anemic among kindergarten children within Suzhou urban area from 2018 to 2022 / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To understand the current situation and trends of anemia among kindergarten children in urban area of Suzhou from 2018 to 2022, so as to provide a theoretical basis for prevention and intervention in anemia among kindergarten children.@*Methods@#From March 2023, a total of 24 178 person times of children from 59 kindergartens selected by random number table method were enrolled, and their physical examination data from 2018 to 2022 were collected, including hemoglobin (Hb), height, gender, weight. The period of 2018-2019 was defined as before the COVID-19 epidemic, and period of 2020-2022 was defined as the COVID-19 epidemic. Data were analyzed using the Mann Whitney U test, χ 2 test and Spearman s correlation analysis.@*Results@#From 2018 to 2019, the M ( P 25 ， P 75 ) of Hb levels of children in nursery, middle, and senior class were 118 (112, 129), 120 (112, 132) and 122 (113, 134)g/L, respectively, which were higher than that of during 2020-2022 [116(110, 123), 117(111, 124) , 119(112, 126)g/L, Z =-10.7, -12.7, -12.9, P <0.05]. A total of 4 584 person times of children were anemic, with a detection rate of 19.0%. The overall anemia detection rate of kindergarten children during 2018-2019 was lower than that in 2020-2022 (15.3% vs 20.7%, χ 2=100.8, P <0.05). The anemia detection rate of kindergarten children in 2022 (24.5%) was higher than that in 2020 (20.6%) and in 2021 (17.0%) ( χ 2=93.9, P <0.05). The anemia prevalence of children in the nursery, middle, and senior class were 13.9%, 14.7% and 17.1% during 2018-2019, 19.3%, 15.9% and 26.6% during 2020-2022, and 17.6%, 15.5% and 23.6% during 2018-2022, respectively ( χ 2=10.7, 204.6, 186.8, P <0.01). There was no statistically significant correlation between Hb values and body mass index (BMI) in boys and girls with anemia, and all children in kindergarten ( r=0.03, 0.03, 0.09, P ＞0.05).@*Conclusion@#The prevalence of anemia among kindergarten children in the urban area of Suzhou is relatively high. The COVID-19 pandemic may have increased the risk of anemia among children.

A survey on self-management level and physical activity in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus of Zang and Han nationalities in Tibetan of China / 中国基层医药

Objective:To investigate the level of self-management and daily physical activity in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) of Zang and Han nationalities in Tibetan, China, and to compare the difference in daily management between T2DM patients of Zang and Han nationalities, to develop reasonable and effective chronic disease management strategies for long-term out-of-hospital management of T2DM patients of Zang nationalities.Methods:A total of 265 T2DM patients with glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) ≥ 7% who were admitted to the Endocrinology Ward of the Hospital of Chengdu Office of People's Government of Tibet Autonomous Region from November 2020 to April 2021 and who were from different regions of Tibet were included in this study according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. The general data of all included patients were collected. Glucose and lipid metabolism-related indicators were determined. The Generalized Diabetes Self-Management Efficacy Scale and International Physical Activity Questionnaires (IPAQ) were used to evaluate patients' levels of self-management and daily physical activity.Results:The hemoglobin level in T2DM patients of Zang nationality was (154.09 ± 24.11) g/L, which was significantly higher than that in T2DM patients of Han nationality ( P < 0.05). The total cholesterol, fasting blood glucose, and low-density lipoprotein in T2DM patients of Zang nationality were (4.63 ± 1.41) mmol/L, (7.94 ± 2.19) mmol/L, and (2.75 ± 1.11) mmol/L, respectively, which significantly higher compared with T2DM patients of Han nationality (all P < 0.05). Compared with T2DM patients of Han nationality, T2DM patients of Zang nationality had lower self-management scores (81.40 ± 15.44) points, diet control scores (17.26 ± 4.97) points, physical exercise scores (11.67 ± 4.42) points, prevention and treatment of high and low blood sugar score (12.21 ± 5.72) points. The differences were statistically significant (all P < 0.05). Moderate-intensity physical activity was a significant difference between T2DM patients of Zang and Han nationalities ( P < 0.05). Conclusion:Compared with T2DM patients of Han nationality, T2DM patients of Zang nationality have lower overall self-management levels, including diet control, physical exercise, prevention and management of high and low blood glucose, and moderate-intensity physical activity. Targeted individualized education should be carried out according to the Tibetan cultural characteristics, to further develop an intervention method and an out-of-hospital management strategy for chronic disease, which are suitable for T2DM patients of Zang nationality.

Association of serum biomarkers with frailty in elderly hospitalized patients / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective:To evaluate the association of different biomarkers with frailty in elderly hospitalized patients.Methods:In this cross-sectional study, a total of 319 elderly patients aged 65 years or older hospitalized in Beijing Hospital between September 2018 and February 2019 were enrolled.Patients had a mean age of(75.0±6.6)years and 151(47.3%)were women.Based on the Fried phenotype, patients were divided into a non-frail group(244 cases, 76.5%)and a frail group(75 cases, 23.5%). The clinical characteristics and biomarker levels of the two groups were compared.The association of different biomarkers with frailty was evaluated by using the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve.The Youden index was used for the optimal cutoff values and the area under the curve(AUC)were calculated.AUCs of different biomarkers were compared to assess their correlations with frailty.Results:Hemoglobin, lipid levels(triglycerides, total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol), and prealbumin were significantly lower in the frail group than in the non-frail group( P<0.05), while N-terminal pro-B type natriuretic peptide(NT-proBNP)and high-sensitivity C reactive protein(hsCRP)levels were significantly higher than in the non-frail group( P<0.05). Thyrotropin(TSH)and free triiodothyronine(FT3)levels were significantly lower( P<0.05)and trans-triiodothyronine(rT3)was significantly higher( P<0.05)in the frail group.The combination of six biomarkers[hemoglobin, prealbumin, hsCRP, 25-dihydroxy vitamin D3[25(OH)D3], rT3 and NT-pro BNP]had the most powerful correlation with frailty(AUC=0.705, 95% CI: 0.652-0.755), but the correlation was not significantly different from that of the combination of 3 markers(hemoglobin, rT3 and hsCRP)(ROC=0.010, 95% CI: -0.0106-0.0306, P>0.05). Either of the two combinations was significantly better than the combination of 2 markers(hemoglobin and rT3)(ROC=0.143, 95% CI: 0.0406-0.245; ROC=0.153, 95% CI: 0.0498-0.256; all P<0.01). Conclusions:Hemoglobin, lipids, prealbumin, TSH and FT3 levels decrease while NT-proBNP and hsCRP levels increase in elderly hospitalized frail patients.The 6-biomarker combination[hemoglobin, prealbumin, hsCRP, 25(OH)D3, rT3 and NT-pro BNP]and 3-biomarker combination(hemoglobin, rT3 and hsCRP)have better correlation with frailty than the 2-biomarker combination(hemoglobin and rT3).

Establishment of a new strategy to correct the interference of chyle blood on the detection of hemoglobin and mean red blood cell hemoglobin concentration / 中华检验医学杂志

Objective:To establish a new strategy for rapid correction of the interference of chyle blood on hemoglobin (HGB) and related indexes by reticulocyte (RET) channel research parameters (HGB-O, MCHC-O) from automatic hematological analyzer.Methods:With the diagnostic experimental design, a total of 90 impatient samples were sequential picked from Fuwai Hospital, which had routine blood testing from June 1 to July 31, 2021. The selected samples were free of hemolysis, jaundice, chylo. The age of the patients was (49.2±5.7) years, with 47 males and 43 females. Three different contents(25, 50, 75 μl) of fat emulsion injection were used to replace plasma in equal amounts to prepare chyle blood samples with mild, medium and heavy degrees of average red blood cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). The research parameters (HGB-O, MCHC-O) obtained by the RET channel detection of the automatic blood analyzer were used as the corrected HGB and its related index values (RET method), and the original values (the detection values before adding fat emulsion) and the formula correction values were paired with t-test or Wilcoxon signed rank test, single factor analysis of variance or Kruskal-Wallis rank-sum test, Bland-Altman and correlation analysis to evaluate the correction effect of RET method.Results:There was no significant difference ( H=0.035, P=0.983; H=0.097, P=0.953; H=0.112, P=0.945) between the RET correction values of HGB (g/L) [104.0(83.8, 132.8), 109.0(87.78, 128.25), 104.0(87.8, 131.8)] and the original values [104.0(83.0, 133.0), 107.5(86.75, 129.25), 103.5(85.8, 131.3)] and the formula correction values [104.0(84.0, 133.8), 106.0(86.75, 131.25), 102.5(86.8, 131.3)] in the samples of chythemia with varying degrees of MCHC (g/L) elevation; meanwhile, the RET correction values [366.5(325.8, 341.5), 333.5(323.8, 340.0), 333.5(327.0, 341.25)] and the original values [336.0(324.8, 342.0), 333.0(323.5, 342.3), 332.0(326.75, 340.5)] and the formula correction values [333.5(323.5, 343.3), 331.0(321.0, 338.3), 329.5(325.25, 337.25)] were also not statistically significant ( H=0.049, P=0.976; H=3.149, P=0.207; H=0.883, P=0.643). The detection values of HGB and related indexes corrected by RET method were in good agreement with the original values [96.7% (29/30) of the points were within the 95% consistency limit], and the two were positively correlated (the correlation coefficients were all higher than 0.919, P<0.01). Conclusion:The RET method based on the research parameters of RET channel of automatic hematological analyzer can serve as a new strategy to correct the interference of chyle blood on the detection of HGB and related indexes.

Efficacy of hemodiafiltration combined with hemoperfusion in the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism / 中国基层医药

Objective:To investigate the efficacy of hemodiafiltration combined with hemoperfusion in the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (MHD).Methods:A total of 40 patients with SHPT undergoing MHD who received treatment at the Blood Purification Center of The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Science and Technology from February 2021 to March 2023 were included in this prospective cohort study. They were randomly divided into a control group and an observation group ( n = 20/group).The control group received a single high flux hemodialysis, while the observation group used a combination of hemodialysis filtration and hemoperfusion for 3 months. In both groups, the changes in hemoglobin, blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, serum calcium, serum phosphorus,and parathyroid hormone levels were compared before and after dialysis. Results:After dialysis, the hemoglobin level in the observation group was (119.45 ± 5.27) g/L, which was significantly higher than (106.30 ± 6.52) g/L in the control group ( t = -7.02, P < 0.001). The serum phosphorus level in the observation group was (1.18 ± 0.17) mmol/L, which was significantly lower than (1.52 ± 0.22) mmol/L in the control group ( t = 5.49, P < 0.001). The parathyroid hormone level in the observation group was (122.14 ± 40.57) ng/L, which was significantly lower than (168.78 ± 78.27) ng/L in the control group ( t = 2.39, P = 0.023). Conclusion:Hemodiafiltration combined with hemoperfusion can reduce clinical symptoms, increase hemoglobin level, and reduce phosphorus and parathyroid hormone levels in patients with SHPT undergoing MHD, which deserves clinical promotion.

Genotipificación de haptoglobina como factor de riesgo cardiovascular en pacientes diabeticos del Hospital Clínico Viedma

Objetivo: en pacientes con diabetes mellitus el genotipo de haptoglobina es considerado un factor de riesgo para la aparición de una cardiopatía, se ha reportado que en diabéticos el genotipo Hp 2-2 genera un riesgo cinco veces mayor de presentar una enfermedad cardiovascular comparado con pacientes diabéticos con otro genotipo. Este estudio tiene como objetivo la determinación del genotipo de haptoglobina en pacientes diabéticos que acuden al laboratorio el Hospital Clínico Viedma de noviembre de 2018 a enero de 2019. Métodos: se analizaron 76 sueros de pacientes diabéticos en ayunas y que contaban con una solicitud de perfil lipídico. Para la determinación de los tres genotipos de haptoglobina se usó un kit comercial de enzimoinmunoanalisis (ELISA Hp-Epitope); para la determinación de la glicemia y el perfil lipídico se usó el método enzimático. Resultados: del total de la población estudiada de pacientes diabéticos un 12 % presenta el genotipo Hp 2-2 en aquellos pacientes no controlados, los valores de glicemia (201 mg/dl) son estadísticamente significativas en relación con los otros dos genotipos. También estos pacientes diabéticos no controlados con genotipo Hp 2-2 presentan niveles de colesterol, LDL, VLDL y triglicéridos significativamente elevados en relación con los otros dos genotipos. Conclusiones: nuestros resultados coinciden con estudios previos el cual señalan que pacientes diabéticos que poseen el genotipo Hp 2-2 tiene mayor riesgo a sufrir una enfermedad cardiovascular en comparación con los otros 2 genotipos.

Objective: in patients with diabetes mellitus, the haptoglobin genotype is considered a risk factor for the onset of heart disease. It has been reported that in diabetics, the Hp 2-2 genotype generates a five-fold greater risk of developing cardiovascular disease compared to diabetic patients with another genotype. This study aims to determine the haptoglobin genotype in diabetic patients who come to the Viedma Clinical Hospital laboratory from November 2018 to January 2019. Methods: 76 sera from fasting diabetic patients with a lipid profile request were analyzed. For the determination of the three haptoglobin genotypes, a commercial enzyme immunoassay kit (Hp-Epitope ELISA) was used; The enzymatic method was used to determine glycemia and lipid profile. Results: of the total studied population of diabetic patients, 12% have the Hp 2-2 genotype. In those uncontrolled patients, the glycemia values (201 mg/dl) are statistically significant in relation to the other two genotypes. These uncontrolled diabetic patients with the Hp 2-2 genotype also have significantly elevated levels of cholesterol, LDL, VLDL and triglycerides in relation to the other two genotypes. Conclusions: our results coincide with previous studies which indicate that diabetic patients who have the Hp 2-2 genotype have a greater risk of suffering from cardiovascular disease compared to the other 2 genotypes.

Hemoglobin analysis after overload training in athletes / Análise de hemoglobina após treinamento de sobrecarga em atletas / Análisis de la hemoglobina tras el entrenamiento de sobrecarga en atletas

ABSTRACT Introduction: The cardiovascular system provides athletes with the proper conditions for blood circulation, ensuring the stability and normal metabolism of the body's internal environment during exercise. Objective: Investigate the effect of overload training on the hemoglobin of male taekwondo athletes. Methods: Twenty-one male taekwondo athletes (level 2 or higher) were selected and trained for four weeks, five days per week, with an initial load intensity of 60% of the maximum heart rate and a weekly intensity increase of 10%. Before training and on every weekend during training, hemoglobin (Hb), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), reticulocyte count (Ret) were checked, RBC volume distribution width (RDW), hemoglobin content distribution width (HDW), mean reticulocyte volume (MCVr), mean reticulocyte hemoglobin concentration (CHCMr), serum iron (Fe) and ferritin (Fer). Results: After four weeks of increasing load training, athletes showed a progressive and significant decrease in Hb (P<0.01), manifested as exercise-induced hypohemoglobin, and MCV, MCH, MCHC, CHCMr, HDW, and serum ferritin were significantly or extremely decreased(P<0.) 05, P<0.01); RDW increased significantly (P<0.05); Changes in Ret and serum iron showed no statistical significance (P>0.05). Correlation analysis found that hemoglobin concentration had the highest correlation with MCHC and CHCMr. Conclusion: Four-week incremental load training can induce exercise-induced hypohemoglobin in male taekwondo athletes, its changes being most correlated with MCHC and CHCMr, but without significant correlation with serum Fe, RDW, HDW, and MCV. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic Studies -Investigation of Outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução: O sistema cardiovascular fornece aos atletas as condições propícias para a circulação sanguínea, garantindo a estabilidade e o metabolismo normal do ambiente interno corporal durante o exercício. Objetivo: Investigar o efeito do treinamento em sobrecarga sobre a hemoglobina dos atletas masculinos de Taekwondo. Métodos: Vinte e um atletas masculinos de taekwondo (nível 2 ou superior) foram selecionados e treinados durante 4 semanas, 5 dias por semana, com uma intensidade de carga inicial de 60% da frequência cardíaca máxima e um aumento de intensidade semanal de 10%. Antes do treinamento e em todos os fins de semana durante o treinamento, foi verificada a hemoglobina (Hb), volume corpuscular médio (MCV), hemoglobina corpuscular média (MCH), concentração corpuscular média de hemoglobina (MCHC), contagem de reticulócitos (Ret), largura de distribuição do volume de hemácias (RDW), largura de distribuição do conteúdo de hemoglobina (HDW), volume médio de reticulócitos (MCVr), concentração média de hemoglobina reticulócitos (CHCMr), ferro sérico (Fe) e ferritina (Fer). Resultados: Após 4 semanas em treinamento de carga crescente, os atletas mostraram uma diminuição progressiva e significativa em Hb(P<0,01), manifestada como hipohemoglobina induzida por exercício, e MCV, MCH, MCHC, CHCMr, HDW, e ferritina sérica foram significativamente ou extremamente diminuídos(P<0). 05, P<0,01); RDW aumentou significativamente (P<0,05); Alterações de Ret e ferro sérico não apresentaram significância estatística (P>0,05). A análise de correlação constatou que a concentração de hemoglobina teve a maior correlação com MCHC e CHCMr. Conclusão: O treinamento de carga incremental de quatro semanas pode induzir hipohemoglobina induzida por exercício em atletas taekwondo masculinos, sendo suas alterações mais correlacionadas com MCHC e CHCMr, mas sem correlação significativa com Fe sérico, RDW, HDW e MCV. Nível de evidência: Estudos Terapêuticos -Investigação dos Resultados.

RESUMEN Introducción: El sistema cardiovascular proporciona a los deportistas las condiciones propicias para la circulación sanguínea, garantizando la estabilidad y el metabolismo normal del medio corporal interno durante el ejercicio. Objetivo: Investigar el efecto del entrenamiento de sobrecarga en la hemoglobina de los atletas masculinos de taekwondo. Métodos: Se seleccionaron 21 atletas masculinos de taekwondo (de nivel 2 o superior) y se entrenaron durante 4 semanas, 5 días a la semana, con una intensidad de carga inicial del 60% de la frecuencia cardíaca máxima y un aumento semanal de la intensidad del 10%. Antes del entrenamiento y cada fin de semana durante el mismo, se comprobó la hemoglobina (Hb), el volumen corpuscular medio (MCV), la hemoglobina corpuscular media (HCM), la concentración de hemoglobina corpuscular media (MCH) y el recuento de reticulocitos (Ret), Anchura de distribución del volumen de glóbulos rojos (RDW), anchura de distribución del contenido de hemoglobina (HDW), volumen reticulocitario medio (MCVr), concentración media de hemoglobina reticulocitaria (CHCMr), hierro sérico (Fe) y ferritina (Fer). Resultados: Después de 4 semanas de entrenamiento con carga creciente, los atletas mostraron una disminución progresiva y significativa de la Hb (P<0,01), que se manifestó como hipohemoglobina inducida por el ejercicio, y el MCV, el MCH, el MCHC, el CHCMr, el HDW y la ferritina sérica disminuyeron de forma significativa o extrema (P<0,01). 05, P<0,01); el ADE aumentó significativamente (P<0,05); los cambios en el Ret y el hierro sérico no mostraron significación estadística (P>0,05). El análisis de correlación encontró que la concentración de hemoglobina tenía la mayor correlación con MCHC y CHCMr. Conclusión: El entrenamiento de carga incremental de cuatro semanas puede inducir hipohemoglobina inducida por el ejercicio en atletas masculinos de taekwondo, siendo sus cambios los más correlacionados con MCHC y CHCMr, pero sin correlación significativa con el Fe sérico, RDW, HDW y MCV. Nivel de evidencia: Estudios terapéuticos - Investigación de resultados.

Rbc-determining biosensors in athletes' urine / Biossensores determinantes de hemácias na urina de atletas / Biosensores determinantes de glóbulos rojos en la orina de deportistas

ABSTRACT Introduction: There is a lack of electrochemical biosensors that allow finding hemoglobin (Hb), a protein found within red blood cells, available in athletes' urine samples. Objective: This work is focused on the production of dsDNA immobilized on an Au-modified glassy carbon electrode (dsDNA/Au/GCE) and its use as a sensor for the presence of urinary hemoglobin. Methods: The elements were deposited in spherical form and tested as a porosity electrode surface for DNA immobilization according to the surface scan of the functionalized dsDNA/Au/GCE using SEM analysis. DPV and amperometry were used to conduct electrochemical studies. Results: Amperometric analyses showed that Hb determination on dsDNA/Au/GCE showed better stability and sensitivity. In the existence of multiple interfering species and clinical urine samples produced, the selectivity and the actual ability of dsDNA/Au/GCE for hemoglobin determination were investigated. Conclusion: The results showed that dsDNA/Au/GCE is effective, reliable, and selective as an electrochemical sensor of Hb. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução: Há uma carência de biossensores eletroquímicos que permitam encontrar a hemoglobina (Hb), uma proteína encontrada dentro dos glóbulos vermelhos do sangue, disponível em amostras de urina dos atletas. Objetivo: Este trabalho é focado na produção de dsDNA imobilizado em um eletrodo de carbono vítreo Au-modificado (dsDNA/Au/GCE) e seu uso como sensor para a presença de hemoglobina urinária. Métodos: Os elementos foram depositados em forma esférica e testados como superfície de eletrodo de porosidade para imobilização do DNA, de acordo com o exame de superfície do dsDNA/Au/GCE funcionalizado, utilizando análise SEM. DPV e amperometria foram usados para conduzir estudos eletroquímicos. Resultados: As análises amperométricas demonstraram que a determinação de Hb em dsDNA/Au/GCE apresentou um melhor grau de estabilidade e sensibilidade. Na existência de múltiplas espécies interferentes e amostras clínicas de urina produzidas, a seletividade e capacidade real do dsDNA/Au/GCE para a determinação da hemoglobina foram investigadas. Conclusão: Os resultados mostraram que o dsDNA/Au/GCE é efetivo, confiável e seletivo como sensor eletroquímico de Hb. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: Se carece de biosensores electroquímicos que permitan encontrar la hemoglobina (Hb), una proteína que se encuentra dentro de los glóbulos rojos, disponible en las muestras de orina de los deportistas. Objetivo: Este trabajo se centra en la producción de dsDNA inmovilizado en un electrodo de carbono vítreo modificado con Au (dsDNA/Au/GCE) y su uso como sensor de la presencia de hemoglobina urinaria. Métodos: Los elementos fueron depositados en forma esférica y probados como una superficie de electrodo porosa para la inmovilización de ADN, según el escaneo de la superficie del dsDNA/Au/GCE funcionalizado, utilizando el análisis SEM. Se utilizó la DPV y la amperometría para realizar estudios electroquímicos. Resultados: Los análisis amperométricos demostraron que la determinación de Hb en dsDNA/Au/GCE mostraba un mayor grado de estabilidad y sensibilidad. En la existencia de múltiples especies interferentes y muestras clínicas de orina producidas, se investigó la selectividad y la capacidad real del dsDNA/Au/GCE para la determinación de Hb. Conclusión: Los resultados mostraron que el dsDNA/Au/GCE es eficaz, fiable y selectivo como sensor electroquímico de Hb. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Clinical profile and severity predictors of coronavirus disease 19 infection in a reference center from southern Brazil: a cross-sectional study

SUMMARY OBJECTIVES: The coronavirus disease pandemic has become a major global health crisis since 2019. Recent data show the association of diabetes, hypertension, and obesity with poor related outcomes in coronavirus disease infection. This descriptive study aimed to identify the clinical and laboratory parameters in patients with acute respiratory syndrome and confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, we analyzed data of 409 patients admitted to a referral hospital in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, with coronavirus disease infection confirmed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Clinical, laboratory, and imaging data were collected retrospectively from electronic medical records using a template with the variables of interest. RESULTS: The average age was 64 years (52-73), and the body mass index was 27 kg/m² (22.1-31.2). Hypertension, diabetes, and obesity were observed in 58, 33, and 32% of the patients, respectively. Patients admitted to an intensive care unit were older [66 years (53-74) vs. 59 years (42.2-71.7)], with significantly higher impairment on chest computed tomography [75% (50-75) vs. 50% (25-60)] and received higher doses of corticosteroid therapy [39.4 mg (14.3-70.3) vs. 6 mg (6-14.7)]. Hematological parameters were lower in critically ill patients, with greater differences observed on the fifth day of hospitalization [hemoglobin 11.5 g/dL (9.5-13.1) vs. 12.8 g/dL (11.5-14.2), platelets 235,000 μL (143,000-357,000) vs. 270,000 μL (192,000-377,000), and lymphocytes 900 μL (555-1,500) vs. 1,629 μL (1,141-2,329)]. C-reactive protein levels and kidney function were also worse in intensive care unit patients. The mortality rate was significantly higher in the intensive care unit compared to the basic care unit (62.8 vs. 12.2%). CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that metabolic and cardiovascular comorbidities, as well as abnormal hematological parameters, are common findings among patients with severe respiratory syndrome related to coronavirus disease.

Physical qualities of modern pentathlon athletes in training at altitude / Qualidades físicas dos atletas de pentatlo moderno nos treinos em altitude / Cualidades físicas de los atletas de pentatlón moderno en el entrenamiento en altitud

ABSTRACT Introduction: Modern pentathlon has high requirements for the physical, psychological, and tactical training of athletes, and practicing the five items as a whole in physical training is a problem that needs to be solved. Organizing the load of each item and the overall load may be a circumventable problem using the altitude training technique. Objective: This study aimed to test and evaluate the effects of altitude training on modern pentathletes' athletic performance and functional status. At the same time, we analyzed the method's influence on the athletes' physical quality. The ultimate goal of this experiment is to improve the science of modern pentathlete training. Methods: Six athletes from the modern pentathlon team were selected as research subjects. Changes in physiological indicators of the test subjects before and after altitude training were recorded. Mathematical statistics were used to analyze the collected data. Results: The athletes' hemoglobin during high-altitude training was significantly higher than before training (P<0.05). Other physiological indicators such as blood urea and high-density protein were not significantly different (P>0.05). Modern pentathlon performance of athletes after altitude training was significantly improved (P<0.05). Conclusion: Altitude training can improve the performance of modern pentathlon athletes. At the same time, this training method can also improve the athletes' aerobic capacity. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução: O pentatlo moderno tem altos requisitos para o treinamento físico, psicológico e tático dos atletas e praticar os cinco itens como um todo no treinamento físico é um problema que precisa ser resolvido. Como organizar a carga de cada item e a carga geral pode ser um problema contornável utilizando a técnica de treino em altitude. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo testar e avaliar os efeitos do treino em altitude no desempenho atlético e no status funcional dos pentatletas modernos. Ao mesmo tempo, analisamos a influência do método na qualidade física dos atletas. O objetivo final deste experimento é melhorar a ciência do treinamento moderno de pentatletas. Métodos: Selecionou-se seis atletas da equipe moderna do pentatlo como objetos de pesquisa. Foram registradas as alterações nos indicadores fisiológicos dos sujeitos do teste antes e depois do treinamento de altitude. As estatísticas matemáticas foram utilizadas para analisar os dados coletados. Resultados: A hemoglobina dos atletas durante o treinamento em alta altitude foi significativamente maior do que antes do treino (P<0,05). Outros indicadores fisiológicos como ureia sanguínea e proteína de alta densidade não foram significativamente diferentes (P>0,05). O desempenho moderno do pentatlo dos atletas após o treinamento em altitude foi significativamente aprimorado (P<0,05). Conclusão: O treinamento em altitude pode melhorar o desempenho dos atletas modernos do pentatlo. Ao mesmo tempo, esse método de treinamento também pode melhorar a capacidade aeróbica dos atletas. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: El pentatlón moderno tiene altas exigencias para la formación física, psicológica y táctica de los atletas y la práctica de los cinco ítems en conjunto en la formación física es un problema que necesita ser resuelto. La forma de organizar la carga de cada elemento y la carga global puede ser un problema que se puede evitar utilizando la técnica de entrenamiento en altitud. Objetivo: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo probar y evaluar los efectos del entrenamiento en altitud sobre el rendimiento deportivo y el estado funcional de los pentatletas modernos. Al mismo tiempo, analizamos la influencia del método en la calidad física de los atletas. El objetivo final de este experimento es mejorar la ciencia del entrenamiento del pentatleta moderno. Métodos: Se seleccionaron seis atletas del equipo de pentatlón moderno como sujetos de la investigación. Se registraron los cambios en los indicadores fisiológicos de los sujetos de prueba antes y después del entrenamiento en altitud. Se utilizaron estadísticas matemáticas para analizar los datos recogidos. Resultados: La hemoglobina de los atletas durante el entrenamiento en altitud fue significativamente mayor que antes del entrenamiento (P<0,05). Otros indicadores fisiológicos como la urea en sangre y la proteína de alta densidad no fueron significativamente diferentes (P>0,05). El rendimiento del pentatlón moderno de los atletas tras el entrenamiento en altitud mejoró significativamente (P<0,05). Conclusión: El entrenamiento en altitud puede mejorar el rendimiento de los atletas de pentatlón moderno. Al mismo tiempo, este método de entrenamiento también puede mejorar la capacidad aeróbica de los atletas. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Proporção de Largura de Distribuição de Hemoglobina/Glóbulos Vermelhos (HRR): Um Novo e Promissor Parâmetro de Glóbulos Vermelhos no Fechamento Ductal / Hemoglobin/Red Cell Distribution width Ratio (HRR): A Novel and Promising Red Cell Parameter in Ductal Closure

Resumo Fundamento Ainda não está clara a eficácia dos parâmetros hematológicos no fechamento da persistência do canal arterial (PCA). Objetivos O objetivo principal do nosso estudo é investigar o efeito da proporção (HRR) de largura de distribuição de hemoglobina (HB) para glóbulos vermelhos (RDW) no fechamento do PCA. Métodos Bebês prematuros com muito baixo peso ao nascer (MBPN: <1.500 g) e <32 semanas gestacionais foram incluídos no estudo, e todos os dados foram registrados retrospectivamente. Características demográficas, resultados clínicos, parâmetros de hemácias e HRR e suas proporções foram comparados entre grupos de PCA hemodinamicamente significativa (hsPDA) e não-hsPDA. Todos os resultados foram analisados estatisticamente, e p<0,05 foi considerado estatisticamente significativo. Resultados Um total de 677 bebês prematuros, 269 no grupo hsPDA e 408 no grupo não-hsPDA, foram incluídos no estudo. Hemoglobina (HB), hematócrito (HCT), volume celular médio (VCM), glóbulos vermelhos (RBC), largura de distribuição dos glóbulos vermelhos (RDW), volume plaquetário médio (VPM), relação VCM/RBC, relação HB/RBC, RDW A razão /RBC e a razão RDW/VPM foram semelhantes entre os grupos hsPDA e não hsPDA, (p>0,05). HRR foi significativamente menor no grupo hsPDA [mediana (Quartil 1 (Q1) - Q3) (Q1 - Q3): 0,93 (0,8-1,0)] em comparação com não-hsPDA [mediana (Q1 - Q3): 1,07 ( 1,0-1,2)] (p<0,001). A AUC para o valor diagnóstico de HRR em hsPDA foi de 0,816 e o valor de corte foi ≤0,98 (p<0,001, 95% [IC]: 0,785-0,845, sensibilidade: 90%, especificidade: 92%). Conclusões O valor de HRR foi considerado um parâmetro eficaz e poderoso no diagnóstico de hsPDA.

Abstract Background It is still unclear how effective hematological parameters are in the closure of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Objectives The primary aim of our study is to investigate the effect of hemoglobin (HB)-to-red cell distribution width (RDW) ratio (HRR) on the closure of PDA. Methods Premature babies with very low birth weight (VLBW: <1500 g) and <32 gestational weeks were included in the study, and all data were recorded retrospectively. Demographic characteristics, clinical results, red cell parameters, and HRR and their ratios were compared between hemodynamically significant PDA (hsPDA) and non-hsPDA groups. All results were statically analyzed, and P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results A total of 677 premature babies, 269 in the hsPDA group and 408 in the non-hsPDA group, were included in the study. Hemoglobin (HB), hematocrit (HCT), mean cell volume (MCV), red blood cell (RBC), red cell distribution width (RDW), mean platelet volume (MPV), MCV/RBC ratio, HB/RBC ratio, RDW/RBC ratio, and RDW/MPV ratio were found to be similar between hsPDA and non-hsPDA groups, (p>0.05). HRR was found to be significantly lower in the hsPDA group [median (Quartile 1 (Q1) - Q3) (Q1 - Q3): 0.93 (0.8-1.0)] compared to non-hsPDA [median ( Q1 - Q3): 1.07 (1.0-1.2)] (p<0.001). The AUC for the diagnostic value of HRR in hsPDA was 0.816, and the cutoff value was ≤0.98 (p<0.001, 95% [CI]: 0.785-0.845, sensitivity: 90%, specificity: 92%). Conclusions HRR value was found to be both an effective and powerful parameter in diagnosing hsPDA.

Relations of biochemical parameters in the endurance and physical fitness of soccer players / Relações de parâmetros bioquímicos na resistência e aptidão física dos jogadores de futebol / Relaciones de los parámetros bioquímicos en la resistencia y la aptitud física de los futbolistas

ABSTRACT Introduction: Many factors restrict the development of soccer technology. An athlete's body constitution, quality, and physical function are essential for achieving technical development. Objective: Analyze the relationship between biochemical parameters on sports endurance and the physical fitness of soccer players. Methods: Samples were collected from volunteer players 20 days before the game, during the adjustment period, and on the morning of the intensive game. Enzyme staining and immunofluorescence method were used for hemoglobin detection. Results: Male soccer players had an average Hb of 15.18 g/dl in pregame preparations and dropped to 13.97 g/dl in high-level games. These data were statistically significant (P<0.01). Conclusion: Cortisol in high-level soccer players rapidly produces several stressful substances in the body. The blood sugar content of participants from elite youth soccer teams in China is within the normal range. The research findings of this paper can provide a theoretical basis for the formulation of soccer training strategies. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução: Muitos fatores restringem o desenvolvimento da tecnologia do futebol. Sendo a constituição corporal, a qualidade e a função física de um atleta suas garantias essenciais para a realização do desenvolvimento técnico. Objetivo: Analisar as relações dos parâmetros bioquímicos na resistência esportiva e na aptidão física dos jogadores de futebol. Métodos: Foram coletadas amostras de jogadores voluntários 20 dias antes do jogo, durante o período de ajuste durante o jogo, e na manhã do período de jogo intensivo. Foi utilizado o método de coloração enzimática e imunofluorescência para detecção de hemoglobina. Resultados: Os jogadores masculinos de futebol apresentaram uma média de Hb de 15,18 g/dl nos preparativos pré-jogo e caíram para 13,97 g/dl em jogos de alto nível. Esses dados foram estatisticamente significativos (P<0,01). Conclusão: O cortisol em jogadores de futebol de alto nível produz rapidamente diversas substâncias estressantes sob o organismo. O teor de açúcar no sangue dos participantes de times de futebol juvenil de elite da China está dentro da faixa de normalidade. As conclusões da pesquisa deste trabalho podem fornecer uma base teórica para a formulação de estratégias de treinamento de futebol. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: Son muchos los factores que limitan el desarrollo de la tecnología del fútbol. Siendo la constitución corporal, la calidad y la función física de un atleta sus garantías esenciales para la realización del desarrollo técnico. Objetivo: Analizar la relación de los parámetros bioquímicos en la resistencia deportiva y la aptitud física de los futbolistas. Métodos: Se recogieron muestras de jugadores voluntarios 20 días antes del partido, durante el periodo de adaptación durante el partido y en la mañana del periodo de juego intensivo. Se utilizó el método de tinción enzimática e inmunofluorescencia para la detección de la hemoglobina. Resultados: Los jugadores de fútbol masculino mostraron una media de Hb de 15,18 g/dl en la preparación previa al partido y descendió a 13,97 g/dl en los partidos de alto nivel. Estos datos fueron estadísticamente significativos (P<0,01). Conclusión: El cortisol en los jugadores de fútbol de alto nivel produce rápidamente varias sustancias estresantes en el organismo. El contenido de azúcar en sangre de los participantes de los equipos de fútbol juvenil de élite en China está dentro de los límites normales. Los resultados de la investigación de este trabajo pueden proporcionar una base teórica para la formulación de estrategias de entrenamiento de fútbol. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.