Características de recién nacidos hijos de madre con IgM positiva para el Virus Herpes Simplex

Introducción: El herpes connatal es una entidad infrecuente asociada a elevada morbimortalidad. La probabilidad de transmisión al recién nacido va de 5% al 85%. El diagnóstico se dificulta por falta de clínica, serología no confiable y por la no disponibilidad de PCR en los servicios públicos de países en vías de desarrollo. La IgM en gestantes podría ser utilizada como un marcador de sospecha para evaluar al neonato. Objetivo: Caracterizar a los recién nacidos, hijos de gestantes con IgM positiva para HVS 1-2 y la frecuencia de encefalitis en los infantes. Materiales y métodos : Estudio observacional, descriptivo, prospectivo, realizado de mayo de 2020 a octubre de 2021. Se incluyeron recién nacidos (RN) de madres con IgM positiva para Herpes Virus Simplex (HVS) a partir de la segunda mitad del embarazo. En el RN se realizó serología IgG e IgM, y además, PCR- RT para HVS 1-2 en sangre y/o LCR, excluyéndose los nacidos en otras maternidades y/o sin datos de serología materna. Resultados: 36 pacientes. Edad materna 28 años (DS + 4), 5% con antecedentes de HVS, 61% cesárea. 36% prematuros, 13% RCIU. Síntomas agudos en el RN 22%. De ellos, 19% plaquetopenia, 44% alteración de GOT. 63% PCR HVS en sangre y 44% en LCR. Se encontró hemorragia, hidrocefalia, leucomalacia en 27%. No se encontró diferencias en la expresión clínica por tipo de parto. Conclusiones: Los RN hijos de gestantes con IgM positiva para VHS desde la segunda mitad del embarazo o periparto, presentaron infección por VHS determinada por PCR en sangre o LCR, independiente de la vía del parto. El diagnóstico serológico en embarazadas permite la pesquisa, diagnóstico y tratamiento temprano del RN.

Introduction: neonatal herpes is a rare entity associated with high morbidity and mortality. The probability of transmission to the newborn ranges from 5% to 85%. The diagnosis is difficult due to the lack of clinical signs, unreliable serology and the non-availability of PCR in public services in developing countries. IgM in pregnant women could be used as a suspected marker to evaluate the neonate. Objective: To characterize newborn children of pregnant women with positive IgM for HSV 1-2 and the prevalence of encephalitis in infants. Materials and methods: Observational, descriptive, prospective study, carried out from May 2020 to October 2021. Newborns (NB) of mothers with positive IgM for Herpes Virus Simplex (HSV) from the second half of pregnancy were included. In newborns, IgG and IgM were performed, and in addition, PCR-RT for HSV 1-2 in blood and/or CSF, excluding those born in other hospitales and/or without maternal serology data. Results: We included 36 patients. Maternal age was 28 years (DS + 4), 5% with a history of HSV. 61% were delivered via cesarean section, 36% were premature, 13% had IUGR. 22% of the newborns had acute symptoms. 19% had thrombocytopenia, 44% had GOT alteration. 63% were PCR positive for HSV in serum and 44% were CSF-positive. Hemorrhage, hydrocephalus and leukomalacia were found in 27%. No differences were found in clinical expression by type of delivery. Conclusions: Newborns born to pregnant women with positive IgM for HSV from the second half of pregnancy or peripartum, presented HSV infection as determined by PCR in blood or CSF, regardless of the route of delivery. Serological diagnosis in pregnant women allows early screening, diagnosis and treatment of the NB.

Guías Latinoamericanas de Infecciones Congénitas y Perinatales de la Sociedad Latinoamericana de Infectología Pediátrica (SLIPE). Parte II / Latin American Guidelines on Congenital and Perinatal Infections from the Latin-American Society of Pediatric Infectious Diseases (SLIPE). Part II

Las infecciones perinatales son una causa de morbilidad, tanto fetal como neonatal, y que compromete la salud de la mujer embarazada, por lo que su diagnóstico, tratamiento, e intento de eliminación son una prioridad en América Latina y el Caribe. Este documento representa la segunda entrega realizada por expertos en la región dentro de la Sociedad Latinoamericana de Infectología Pediátrica (SLIPE), brindando una mirada actualizada en el manejo de las infecciones congénitas y entrega herramientas para detectar posibles momentos estratégicos de intervención y cambio en el manejo de las infecciones congénitas.

Perinatal infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the fetus, neonate, and the health of the pregnant woman. Diagnosis, treatment, and the search for elimination of these diseases are a priority in Latin America and the Caribbean. This document represents the second delivery by a group of experts in the region inside the Latin-American Society of Pediatric Infectious Diseases (SLIPE), presenting a up-to-date look into the management of congenital infectious diseases and give a tool to detect possible strategic sceneries and a change in the management of congenital infections in our region.

Autoimmune encephalitis with double positive anti-NMDAR and anti-GABABR secondary to herpes simplex virus encephalitis:A case report and literature review / 吉林大学学报(医学版)

Objective:To analyze the clinical presentations and diagnostic and treatment process of one patient with autoimmune encephalitis(AE)with double positive anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor(NMDAR)and anti-γ-aminobutyric acid B receptor(GABABR)secondary to herpes simplex virus encephalitis(HSVE),and to improve the clinicians'awareness of this disease.Methods:The clinical data of one AE patient with double positive anti-NMDAR and anti-GABABR secondary to HSVE were collected,the diagnostic and therapeutic processes were summarized,and the relevant literatures were reviewed.Results:The patient,a 36-year-old male,developed a headache followed by limb convulsions,and progressed to disturbed consciousness.After admission,the routine biochemistry of the cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)was abnormal,and the herpes simplex virus-1(HSV-1)IgG antibody showed positive in the CSF;both CSF and serum tests for NMDAR antibodies were positive;the head magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)results showed abnormal signals in the right occipital white matter,leading to the diagnosis of HSVE secondary to anti-NMDAR encephalitis.Several months later,the patient experienced psychiatric behavior abnormalities,cognitive dysfunction,and sleep disorders,and both the serum NMDAR and GABABR antibodies showed positive results,prompting the diagnosis of HSVE secondary anti-NMDAR encephalitis and anti-GABABR encephalitis.After treatment with steroid pulse therapy and intravenous immunoglobulin(IVIG),the patient's condition was improved and the patient was discharged.At one-year follow-up,the patient's psychiatric symptoms had completely resolved,leaving mild cognitive impairment.Conclusion:If the clinical symptoms of the patients recovering from antiviral treatment for HSVE is worsened,secondary AE should be highly suspected;it is important to complete autoimmunity antibody testing as soon as possible for the early diagnosis and treatment to improve the prognosis of the patient.

Research progress on herpes simplex virus membrane fusion protein interactions / 中国生物制品学杂志

@#Herpes simplex virus(HSV)is a ubiquitous enveloped virus containing double-stranded DNA. HSV-1 infection can cause inflammation of the lips,conjunctivitis and encephalitis,HSV-2 infection can cause genital herpes at many ages,and both viruses can establish lifelong latent infection in the body. Membrane fusion triggered by the interaction of various HSV membrane proteins is an important way for viruses to enter host cells. This review introduced the conserved core fusion mechanism of HSV composed of four viral glycoproteins gD,gH,gL and gB by analyzing the structure of glycoproteins and their interaction modes. Since there is currently no HSV vaccine approved for marketing in the world,it is of great significance to study the mode of action of HSV and host cells for the development of vaccines

Progress in research on action mechanism of macrophages against herpes simplex virus type 1 infection / 中国生物制品学杂志

@#Herpes simplex virus type 1(HSV-1)is a DNA virus renowned for its ability to evade the immune response,establish latency,and reinfect.Despite extensive research into its biological characteristics,there are no specific therapeutics or preventative vaccines currently available for HSV-1.Infection with HSV-1 triggers innate and adaptive immune responses in the host,with macrophages playing a crucial role in antiviral immune responses through processes such as pathogen engulfment,processing,and presentation.This review aims to elucidate the latest research developments on the role of macrophages in combating HSV-1 infection,in hopes of providing insights for future vaccine design and drug development.

Tetrandrine enhances the host antiviral response through cGAMP-mediated cGAS-STING signaling pathway / 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志

Objective:To investigate whether tetrandrine could be used as an agonist of cGAMP to enhance the activation of cGAS-STING signaling pathway and analyze the antiviral function of tetrandrine.Methods:THP1-Lucia-ISRE and RAW-Lucia-ISRE cells were incubated with different doses of tetrandrine in combination with cGAMP, respectively. IRF3 reporter activity was analyzed by luciferase reporter assay. Western blot was used to detect the activation of cGAS-STING signaling pathway. The expression of IFN-β, CXCL10 and CCL5 at mRNA level was quantified by real-time quantitative PCR. The expression of IFN-β at protein level was assessed by ELISA. HeLa cells stably expressing STING-GFP gene (HeLa-STNG-GFP cells) were constructed and stimulated with tetrandrine and cGAMP, then puncta-like structures were imaged by ZEISS LSM780. THP1-Lucia-ISRE cells were infected with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) in the presence or absence of tetrandrine or cGAMP. The antiviral function of tetrandrine was analyzed by Western blot and fluorescence intensity assay.Results:Tetrandrine enhanced cGAMP-mediated IRF3 responses and activated cGAS-STING signaling pathway in combination with cGAMP. Tetrandrine combined with cGAMP triggered STING translocation and the formation of puncta-like structures in HeLa-STNG-GFP cells. The titer of HSV-1, the expression of HSV-glycoprotein D/UL30 and the fluorescence intensity of HSV-GFP were all decline after treating HSV-1-infected THP1-Lucia-ISRE cells with tetrandrine and cGAMP.Conclusions:Tetrandrine combined with cGAMP activates cGAS-STING signaling pathway, thus enhancing the host antiviral response.

Research progress on herpes simplex virus type 1 respiratory tract infection / 军事医学

Human herpes simplex virus type 1(HSV-1)infection of the upper respiratory tract is a common,mostly self-limiting disease.Reactivation of HSV-1 can sometimes cause lower respiratory tract infections.Coinfection of HSV-1 and other pathogens in the respiratory tract may cause severe diseases,resulting in HSV pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome.This article reviews the symptoms and pathogenesis of HSV-1 infection or co-infections with other pathogens in the respiratory tract,as well as recent advances on drugs and vaccines for HSV-1.

Advances in Epigenetic Regulatory Mechanisms in HSV1 Infection / 昆明医科大学学报

Herpes simplex viruses type 1(HSV1)is among the most ubiquitous human pathogens that cause a wide variety of disease states.The latent infection of the central nervous system and sporadically reactivation is the central part of HSV1 pathogenesis,which also brings challenges to antiviral therapies.At present,the mechanism of establishing,maintaining and reactivation of HSV1 has not been fully clarified,whereas it has been generally accepted that the epigenetic regulation may play an important role.Accumulating researches have also indicated that the lytic and latent viral genomes exhibit the different chromatin structures,and the accumulation of diverse post-translational modifies the histones endow viral genes with transcriptional activation or repression features.In addition,the latency-associate transcripts of virus may also participate in the genome epigenetic modification.In this review,we summarize the research progress of epigenetic regulation of HSV1 and highlight the critical role of chromatin remodeling in HSV1 lytic proliferation and establishment of latent infection.

Oncolytic spore eruption virus encoding IL-7 enhances killing activity of liver cancer by activating CD8+T cells / 中国免疫学杂志

Objective:To investigate whether IL-7-secreting oncolytic herpes simplex virus(HSV)could activate CD8+T cells and inhibit the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma.Methods:The expression of IL-7 was detected by Western blot.The in vitro cleavage of tumor cells by tumor oncolytic virus HSV and HSV-IL-7 were detected by crystal violet staining.The tumor inhibition ability of HSV-IL-7 and HSV were detected in subcutaneous transplanted tumor model.Levels of IL-7,IFN-γ and TNF-α in serum and tumor tissues were determined by ELISA.The infiltration of CD8+T cells in tumor tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry.Flow cytometry was used to detect Granzyme B secretion in CD8+T cells infiltrated by tumor.Results:Tumor cells infected with HSV-IL-7 expressed high level of IL-7.Both HSV and HSV-IL-7 can effectively lyse B16-F10,CT-26 and H22 tumor cell lines in a dose-dependent manner in vitro.HSV-IL-7 could significantly inhibit the growth of H22 hepatoma cells in vivo(P<0.01)and prolong the survival time of tumor-bearing mice(P<0.001).HSV-IL-7 could significantly increase the IL-7 content in tumor sites(P<0.000 1),and effectively increase the number of tumor infiltrating CD8+T cells(P<0.001).HSV-IL-7 significantly enhanced Granzyme B secretion of tumor-infiltrating CD8+T cells and IFN-γ and TNF-α in tumor tissues(P<0.000 1).Conclusion:HSV-IL-7 has well tumor inhibition activity in vivo and in vitro.It also can activate the anti-tumor activity of CD8+T cells in vivo by secreting IL-7,inhibit tumor growth and prolong the survival time of tumor-bearing mice.

eEF1A1 regulates virus replication of vesicular stomatitis virus and herpes simplex virus:a preliminary study / 中国药理学与毒理学杂志

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1A1(eEF1A1)on the replication of vesicular stomatitis virus(VSV)and Herpes simplex virus 1(HSV-1)to identify a potential target for broad-spectrum regulation of viruses.METHODS Small interfering RNA(si-eEF1A)was transfected into human skin fibroblasts(BJ-5ta)to inhibit the expression of eEF1A1,and the negative control group was set up.The transfection efficiency was detected by real-time fluo-rescence quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR)and Western blotting,the cell model of eEF1A1 gene silencing was constructed.The cell model was infected with VSV,the gene copy number and protein expression of VSV in the cells were detected.The cell model was infected with HSV-1,the mRNA and protein expres-sion of HSV-1 in the cells were detected.The cell models were transfected with polyinosinic acid[Poly(I:C)]or sodium deoxyribonucleic acid(HT-DNA),respectively.The mRNA expression of interferon-β(IFN-β),C-X-C Motif Chemokine 10(CXCL10)and interferon-stimulated gene 56(ISG56)were detected by RT-qPCR.The phosphorylation expression of interferon regulatory factor 3(IRF3)and TANK binding kinase 1(TBK1)were detected by Western blotting.RESULT Compared with the negative control group,the mRNA and protein expression of eEF1A1 in the eEF1A1 gene silencing group were signifi-cantly decreased(P<0.01),the cell model of eEF1A1 gene silencing was successfully constructed.Compared with the negative control group,the VSV gene copy number of the eEF1A1 gene silencing group decreased by 70%-80%.The VSV protein expression decreased significantly(P<0.01).The mRNA expression of HSV-1 was decreased by 50%-60%,and the protein expression of HSV-1 was significantly decreased(P<0.01).After stimulation with Poly(I:C)or HT-DNA,compared with the negative control group.there was no significant difference in the mRNA expressions of IFN-β,ISG56 and CXCL10 and the protein phosphorylation expression of IRF3 and TBK1 in the eEF1A1 gene silencing group.CONCLUSION eEF1A1 silencing can inhibit VSV and HSV-1 virus replication,suggesting that eEF1A1 has a potential broad-spectrum regulatory effect on RNA viruses and DNA viruses,and may not recog-nize activated immune pathways through intracellular nucleic acid recognition.

Estudio de seroprevalencia de HVS 1-2 en gestantes y recién nacidos de 2017 a 2021

El virus herpes simple (VHS) pertenece a la subfamilia alfa virus, miembro de la familia Herpes viridae. Existen dos tipos de VHS íntimamente relacionados, el VHS tipo 1 (VHS1) y el VHS tipo 2 (VHS2), que causan enfermedades de diversa gravedad. El VHS1 se transmite principalmente por contacto de boca a boca y el VHS2 se transmite por vía sexual; ambos pueden causar herpes genital. La carga de morbimortalidad a nivel mundial derivada de patógenos de transmisión sexual compromete la vida, así como la salud sexual y reproductiva, y la salud del recién nacido. Objetivos: Determinar la seroprevalencia IgG e IgM por VHS1 y VHS2 de los recién nacidos y madres en el periodo de enero 2017 a julio 2021 en un hospital de tercer nivel. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio observacional, retrospectivo de corte transversal de enero 2017 a julio 2021. Se midió anticuerpos IgG e IgM en recién nacidos y gestantes de ultimo trimestre, utilizando el método de ELISA. Resultados: De un total de 4712 serologías IgG e IgM de madres y RN analizados la seroprevalencia de IgG en gestantes fue cercana al 100% con valor similar en los RN (87%), la seroprevalencia de IgM en las madres fue 0,23% y de los RN 0,36% con tendencia ascendente. Conclusión: la seroprevalencia de IgG para VHS es elevada, en cambio la seroprevalencia de IgM en gestantes y recién nacidos en el periodo de estudio es significativamente baja.

The herpes simplex virus (HSV) belongs to the alpha virus subfamily, a member of the family Herpes viridae. There are two closely related types of HSV, HSV type 1 and HSV-2, which cause diseases of varying severity. HSV-1 is transmitted mainly by mouth-to-mouth contact and HSV-2 is transmitted sexually, both of which can cause genital herpes. The global burden of morbidity and mortality from sexually transmitted pathogens compromises life, as well as sexual and reproductive health, and the health of the newborn. Objective: To determine the IgG and IgM seroprevalence for HSV 1 - 2 of newborns and mothers in the period from January 2017 to July 2021 in a third level hospital. Materials and Methods: Observational, retrospective, cross-sectional study of January 2017 to July 2021. IgG and IgM antibodies were measured in newborns and pregnant women in the last trimester, using the ELISA method. Results: Of a total of 4712 IgG and IgM serologies of mothers and newborns analyzed the seroprevalence of IgG in pregnant women was close to 100% with similar value in newborns (87%), IgM seroprevalence in mothers was 0.23% and the RN 0.36% with an upward trend. Conclusion: The IgG seroprevalence for HSV is high, while the IgM seroprevalence in pregnant women and newborns during the study period is significantly low.

The Chinese herbal prescription JieZe-1 inhibits caspase-1-dependent pyroptosis induced by herpes simplex virus-2 infection in vitro / 中西医结合学报

OBJECTIVE@#JieZe-1 (JZ-1), a Chinese herbal prescription, has an obvious effect on genital herpes, which is mainly caused by herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2). Our study aimed to address whether HSV-2 induces pyroptosis of VK2/E6E7 cells and to investigate the anti-HSV-2 activity of JZ-1 and the effect of JZ-1 on caspase-1-dependent pyroptosis.@*METHODS@#HSV-2-infected VK2/E6E7 cells and culture supernate were harvested at different time points after the infection. Cells were co-treated with HSV-2 and penciclovir (0.078125 mg/mL) or caspase-1 inhibitor VX-765 (24 h pretreatment with 100 μmol/L) or JZ-1 (0.078125-50 mg/mL). Cell counting kit-8 assay and viral load analysis were used to evaluate the antiviral activity of JZ-1. Inflammasome activation and pyroptosis of VK2/E6E7 cells were analyzed using microscopy, Hoechst 33342/propidium iodide staining, lactate dehydrogenase release assay, gene and protein expression, co-immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.@*RESULTS@#HSV-2 induced pyroptosis of VK2/E6E7 cells, with the most significant increase observed 24 h after the infection. JZ-1 effectively inhibited HSV-2 (the 50% inhibitory concentration = 1.709 mg/mL), with the 6.25 mg/mL dose showing the highest efficacy (95.76%). JZ-1 (6.25 mg/mL) suppressed pyroptosis of VK2/E6E7 cells. It downregulated the inflammasome activation and pyroptosis via inhibiting the expression of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (P < 0.001) and interferon-γ-inducible protein 16 (P < 0.001), and their interactions with apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain, and reducing cleaved caspase-1 p20 (P < 0.01), gasdermin D-N (P < 0.01), interleukin (IL)-1β (P < 0.001), and IL-18 levels (P < 0.001).@*CONCLUSION@#JZ-1 exerts an excellent anti-HSV-2 effect in VK2/E6E7 cells, and it inhibits caspase-1-dependent pyroptosis induced by HSV-2 infection. These data enrich our understanding of the pathologic basis of HSV-2 infection and provide experimental evidence for the anti-HSV-2 activity of JZ-1. Please cite this article as: Liu T, Shao QQ, Wang WJ, Liu TL, Jin XM, Xu LJ, Huang GY, Chen Z. The Chinese herbal prescription JieZe-1 inhibits caspase-1-dependent pyroptosis induced by herpes simplex virus-2 infection in vitro. J Integr Med. 2023; 21(3): 277-288.

Research progress of oncolytic herpes simplex virus in the treatment of glioma / 中国中西医结合急救杂志

Glioma is a highly aggressive malignant tumor of the central nervous system that necessitates active treatment through surgery,radiotherapy,and chemotherapy.However,the prognosis of high-grade gliomas[World Health Organization(WHO)classification of central nervous system tumorsgrade Ⅲ-Ⅳ]remains poor,thus new treatment strategies are urgently needed.Oncolytic virus(OV)therapy is a kind of immunotherapy that can specifically infect and effectively kill tumor cells while activating anti-tumor immunity.The oncolytic herpes simplex virus(oHSV)is expected to emerge as a new adjuvant treatment for glioma due to its unique advantages.This article reviews the current understanding of oHSV,the anti-tumor mechanism of OV,the current clinical research status of oHSV targeted therapy for glioma,the research progress of oHSV collaborative anti-tumor strategy,and the existing problems in oHSV anti-glioma research,aiming to provide valuable insights for the treatment of glioma.

Research progress on the mechanisms of the latency and recurrence of herpes simplex virus type Ⅰ in trigeminal ganglion / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

Herpes simplex keratitis(HSK), caused by the infection of herpes simplex virus type Ⅰ(HSV-1)in cornea, is a global blinding corneal disease. After the primary infection in ocular surface, HSV-1 is transported into trigeminal ganglion and establishes the life-lasting latency, and it results in recurrent keratopathy. In the process of studying the latent mechanism of HSV, it has been gradually recognized that both the virus itself and the host response regulate the latent process of HSV. In recent years, a large number of research results have been obtained on the molecular mechanisms of invasion, immunity, latency and recurrence of neurotropic viruses, which provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of HSK. In the present review, the recent progress of HSV latency mechanism in trigeminal ganglion after the primary infection in corneal surface was introduced, and the unsolved basic and clinical problems in HSK were discussed.

Current Status Of Immunoglobulin M And Immunoglobulin G Seroprevalence Of Torch Infections In Pregnant Women With Bad Obstetric History At A Tertiary Care Hospital

Introduction: TORCH stands for Toxoplasma gondii, Rubella virus, Cytomegalo virus (CMV) and Herpes simplex virus- 2 (HSV-2). These infections are transmitted to the foetus through transplacental route at any time during gestation or sometimes at the time of delivery. The infection may be asymptomatic or mild in mother but associated with inadvertent outcomes for the foetus. One of the causes of BOH is maternal infection. TORCH infection is asymptomatic in pregnant women and on clinical basis it is difficult to diagnose. To study the TORCH infection (IgM and IgG antibodies)Aim: prevalence in pregnant women with Bad Obstetric History. A hospital based cross-sectionalMaterials And Methods: study conducted in Department of Microbiology in collaboration with Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, SHKM GMC, Nalhar, Nuh, Haryana over a period of one year (February 2020 - January 2021). A total of 90 samples were included in the study including control group. The IgM seroprevalence of TORCH in participants with bad obstetricResults: history was found to be 11.11%. In cases with Bad obstetric history prevalence of IgM Toxoplasma, Rubella, Cytomegalovirus & Herpes Simplex Virus was found as 4.44%, 0%, 2.22% & 4.44% respectively and prevalence of IgG Toxoplasma, Rubella, Cytomegalovirus, & Herpes Simplex Virus was found as 53.33%, 91.11%, 88.89% & 66.67% respectively. This study concluded that a previous history of pregnancy wastage and the serologicalConclusion: screening for TORCH infections during current pregnancy must be considered while managing BOH cases to reduce the adverse fetal outcome

Cervicitis necrótica por co-infección de virus herpes simplex 2 y Mycoplasma genitalium / Necrotic cervicitis for co-infection of herpes simplex virus 2 and Mycoplasma genitalium

Resumen Las cervicitis es una condición frecuente causada principalmente por agentes de transmisión sexual. Su presentación clínica varía desde cuadros asintomáticos hasta procesos inflamatorios extensos, que incluso asemejan un tumor maligno. Presentamos el caso de una adolescente que presentó úlceras genitales, síntomas generales y cérvix necrótico con aspecto tumoral. Los estudios de laboratorio confirmaron una co-infección por virus herpes simplex 2 (HSV-2) y Mycoplasma genitalium. El estudio histológico descartó una neo- plasia. Evolucionó favorablemente al tratamiento antimicrobiano, con recuperación progresiva del aspecto del cérvix. La cervicitis en raras ocasiones se presenta con compromiso necrótico. La co-infección por HSV-2 y M. genitalium, en este caso, pudo ser el determinante del daño cervical y la necrosis. Una evaluación acuciosa y estudio con exámenes diagnósticos de alta sensibilidad y especificidad permitieron hacer un diagnóstico y tratamiento adecuado.

Abstract Cervicitis is a frequent condition caused mainly by sexually trans- mitted agents. The clinical spectrum varies from absence of symptoms to extensive inflammatory processes that may simulate a malignant neoplasm. We present a clinical case of an adolescent with genital ulcers and systemic disease. Speculoscopy revealed a tumoral-looking cervix. Laboratory studies confirm infection with herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) and Mycoplasma genitalium, together with a histological study that ruled out neoplasia. It progresses favorably to antimicrobial treatment, with recovery of the appearance of the cervix. Cervicitis rarely presents with necrotic involvement. Co-infection with HSV-2 and M. genitalium infection may have been the determinant of cervical damage and the necrotic appearance. A thorough evaluation and study with highly sensitive and specific diagnostic tests allowed an adequate diagnosis and treatment.

Anti-herpes simplex virus effect of aristolochic acids in vitro and in vivo / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the inhibition effects and mechanisms of aristolochic acids(AAs)against herpes simplex virus(HSV)in vitro and in vivo. Methods The cytopathic effect(CPE), plaque assay, indirect immunofluorescence and others were used to explore the anti-HSV effects and mechanisms of aristolochic acid in Vero cells, and the in vivo anti-HSV activity of AAs was evaluated using HSV-1 infected BALB/c mouse model. Results The IC

Fulminating herpes simplex hepatitis

ABSTRACT Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is a rare cause of acute hepatitis in patients with chronic immunosuppression, including Crohn's disease. HSV hepatitis has the propensity to cause acute liver failure and death. The presenting signs and symptoms can be nonspecific, thereby causing the diagnosis to go overlooked with inadequate management, leading to a high mortality rate. We report a case of a 31-year-old male on chronic prednisone treatment for Crohn's disease who unexpectedly died. Subsequently, an autopsy showed HSV hepatitis as the cause of death. Thus, although a rare complication, HSV hepatitis should always be kept in mind as a fatal complication in patients with acute hepatitis and chronic immunosuppression.

Qingre Xiaoyanning inhibits emotional stress-induced reactivation of latent herpes simplex virus type 1 in mice / 药学学报

In this study, according to TCM theory of "liver qi stagnation forming fire", emotional stress mice model was employed to evaluate the protective effects of Qingre Xiaoyanning on herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) induced reactivation. The animal experimental protocol has been reviewed and approved by Laboratory Animal Ethics Committee of Jinan University, in compliance with the Institutional Animal Care Guidelines. BALB/c mice were divided into six groups, including mock group, HSV-1 latency group, HSV-1 reactivation group (HSV-1 latency + stress), low (0.658 g·kg-1·day-1) and high dose (1.316 g·kg-1·day-1) of Qingre Xiaoyanning groups and positive control group (acyclovir, 0.206 g·kg-1·day-1). Except for the normal group and HSV-1 latency group, all mice in other groups received a daily 12-h restraint stress for 4 days. After 7-day treatment of drugs, body weight and recurrent eye infections of mice were recorded. Brain tissues were harvested to monitor HSV-1 antigen distribution by immunohistochemical staining and detect virus titer by plaque assay. In the meantime, the mRNA and protein levels of infected cell polypeptide (ICP27) and glycoprotein B (gB) in the brain tissues were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot, respectively. The level of 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) and expressions of ferroptosis-related proteins were measured by Western blot. The evaluation of malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the brain tissues was conducted by MDA assay commercial kit. The results showed that Qingre Xiaoyanning significantly retarded the decline of body weight of mice induced by HSV-1 reactivation, reduced the activation rate of HSV-1 and recurrent eye infections, declined virus titer of HSV-1, down-regulated gene and protein expressions of ICP27 and gB, and hindered the distribution of HSV-1 antigen in the brain of mice. Meanwhile, Qingre Xiaoyanning also decreased the protein expression of ferroptosis-related proteins, including DMT1, TFR1 and ALOX15 in the brain tissue of HSV-1 reactivated mice. The levels of lipid peroxidation products, 4-HNE and MDA, were also reduced by Qingre Xiaoyanning treatment. All the above results indicate that Qingre Xiaoyanning significantly inhibited HSV-1 reactivation by restraint stress, which might be related to the regulation of ferroptosis. Our findings provide a theoretical basis for the application of "clearing liver-fire" TCM on treatmenting HSV-1 reactivation-related symptoms.

Protective effects of fusion recombinant DNA vaccine of herpes simplex virus type 2 glycoprotein D and adjuvant CCL19 on mice / 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志

Objective:To compare the immune responses to simply mixed and fused recombinant DNA vaccines of herpes simplex virus type 2 glycoprotein D (HSV-2 gD) and molecular adjuvant CCL19 in mice and to evaluate the protective effects.Methods:Gene recombination technology was used to construct recombinant DNA vaccines expressing HSV-2 gD and CCL19 alone or fused together. After verification by sequencing, Western blot and ELISA, BALB/c mice were immunized twice by intramuscular injection. Serum samples and vaginal lavage fluids were collected regularly after immunization. Splenocytes, mesenteric lymph node cells and rectal tissues were collected after immunization. Differences in humoral and cellular immune responses to the two forms of vaccines and their protective effects in mice were analyzed using end-point ELISA, in vitro neutralization assay, immunohistochemical staining, chemotaxis assay, vaginal virus challenge, fluorescence quantitative PCR, weighing and disease severity assessment. Results:The fused recombinant pgD-IZ-CCL19 plasmid could express gD protein and CCL19 protein in vitro, but the level of expressed CCL19 protein by pCCL19-IZ-gD plasmid was less than that by pgD-IZ-CCL19. The mice immunized with pgD-IZ-CCL19 showed higher levels of IgG in sera and IgA in vaginal lavage fluids ( P<0.01) and stronger neutralization ability than the mice vaccinated with pgD+ pCCL19. Compared with other groups, more lymphocytes were recruited in the rectal mucosa, the spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes of mice immunized with pgD-IZ-CCL19. Weight loss or disease symptoms were not observed in the pgD-IZ-CCL19 group after virus challenge. In addition, the positive rate of HSV-2 in vaginal mucosa and the mortality rate in the pgD-IZ-CCL19 group were the lowest. However, pCCL19-IZ-gD turned out ineffective in preventing HSV-2 infection. Conclusions:The fused recombinant DNA vaccine pgD-IZ-CCL19 could induce stronger immune responses in mice and provide better protective effects, which was superior to the simply mixed DNA vaccine.