Research progress on herpes simplex virus membrane fusion protein interactions / 中国生物制品学杂志

@#Herpes simplex virus(HSV)is a ubiquitous enveloped virus containing double-stranded DNA. HSV-1 infection can cause inflammation of the lips,conjunctivitis and encephalitis,HSV-2 infection can cause genital herpes at many ages,and both viruses can establish lifelong latent infection in the body. Membrane fusion triggered by the interaction of various HSV membrane proteins is an important way for viruses to enter host cells. This review introduced the conserved core fusion mechanism of HSV composed of four viral glycoproteins gD,gH,gL and gB by analyzing the structure of glycoproteins and their interaction modes. Since there is currently no HSV vaccine approved for marketing in the world,it is of great significance to study the mode of action of HSV and host cells for the development of vaccines

Progress in research on action mechanism of macrophages against herpes simplex virus type 1 infection / 中国生物制品学杂志

@#Herpes simplex virus type 1(HSV-1)is a DNA virus renowned for its ability to evade the immune response,establish latency,and reinfect.Despite extensive research into its biological characteristics,there are no specific therapeutics or preventative vaccines currently available for HSV-1.Infection with HSV-1 triggers innate and adaptive immune responses in the host,with macrophages playing a crucial role in antiviral immune responses through processes such as pathogen engulfment,processing,and presentation.This review aims to elucidate the latest research developments on the role of macrophages in combating HSV-1 infection,in hopes of providing insights for future vaccine design and drug development.

Chronic non-healing ulcers as presenting sign of acquired immunodefciency syndrome

@#A typical forms of herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections, which indicate severe impairment of cellular immunity can be challenging to diagnose. In this paper, we report the case of an atypical HSV infection presenting as chronic nonhealing wounds, which are the frst sign of HIV, in a 50-year-old female patient. Te lesions had emerged as two large, chronic, and painful ulcerations on the left buttock and labia major 8 months prior. Te skin biopsy revealed multinucleated keratinocytes with ground glass nuclei and intranuclear Cowdry type A viral inclusions. A serologic test for HIV-1 was positive. Her CD4+T-cell count was 42/mm3. Clinicians should be familiar with the dermatologic manifestations of HIV, as they are occasionally key to correctly suspecting an underlying HIV infection, allowing for early diagnosis and treatment.

The therapeutic effect of HSV1-hGM-CSF combined with doxorubicin on the mouse breast cancer model / 中华肿瘤杂志

Objective@#To evaluate the oncolytic effect of herpes simplex virus type 1 which carried recombined human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (HSV1-hGM-CSF) on the mouse breast cancer cell line 4T1 and compare the anticancer effects of HSV1-hGM-CSF, doxorubicin alone or combination on the breast cancer in mice.@*Methods@#We investigated the cytotoxic effect on 4T1 cells in vitro, the cell growth, cell apoptosis and cell cycle of 4T1 cells treated with oncolytic HSV1-hGM-CSF at different MOIs (0, 0.5, 1 and 2) and doxorubicin at different concentrations (0, 2, 4 and 8 μg/ml). The effects of oncolytic HSV1-hGM-CSF and doxorubicin on the tumor growth, survival time and their side effects on the mouse breast cancer model were observed.@*Results@#Both oncolytic HSV1-hGM-CSF and doxorubicin significantly inhibited the proliferation of 4T1 cells in vitro. Doxorubicin induced the G2/M phase arrest of 4T1 cells, while the cytotoxicity of oncolytic HSV1-hGM-CSF was no cell cycle-dependent.At day 16 after treatment with doxorubicin and HSV1-hGM-CSF, the tumor volume of 4T1 tumor bearing mice were (144.40±27.68)mm3, (216.80±57.18)mm3, (246.10±21.90)mm3, (327.50±44.24)mm3, (213.30±32.31)mm3 and (495.80±75.87)mm3 in the groups of doxorubicin combined with high dose HSV1-hGM-CSF, doxorubicin combined with low dose HSV1-hGM-CSF, doxorubicin alone, high dose HSV1-hGM-CSF alone, low dose HSV1-hGM-CSF alone and control, respectively.Compared with the control group, both doxorubicin and HSV1-hGM-CSF treatment exhibited significant reduction of primary tumor volume in vivo (P<0.001). The median survival times were 48, 50, 40, 42, 43 and 37 days in the six groups mentioned above, respectively. The median survival period of doxorubicin alone, high dose HSV1-hGM-CSF alone and low dose HSV1-hGM-CSF alone were significantly longer than that of control (P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#Synergistic effect of sequential treatment with doxorubicin and oncolytic HSV1-hGM-CSF is observed in 4T1 mouse breast cancer.

Cytopathologic herpes simplex virus features in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma

@#Laryngeal SCCA usually presents with hoarseness when the glottis is involved, dysphagia if the supraglottis is involved, and difficulty of breathing and stridor in subglottic invovlement. A neck mass as an initial presentation of laryngeal carcinoma is commonly linked to the involvement of the supraglottis due to its rich lymphatic drainage. About 70% of supraglottic tumours present with advanced disease (stages III-IV),1 while 75% of glottic tumours present with localized disease (stages I-II).1 Smoking and alcohol consumption are considered highly significant etiologic factors but evidence has suggested a possible role for human papilloma virus (HPV) infection, ras oncogene activation, and gastroesophageal reflux as well.2 To the best of our knowledge, laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma has not been associated with herpes simplex virus (HSV). We report a case of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma with an unusual presentation and peculiar histopathology, and discuss its potential association with herpes simplex virus.

Host Cell Protein C9orf9 Promotes Viral Proliferation via Interaction with HSV-1 UL25 Protein / 中国病毒学·英文版

In light of the scarcity of reports on the interaction between HSV-1 nucleocapsid protein UL25 and its host cell proteins,the purpose of this study is to use yeast two-hybrid screening to search for cellular proteins that can interact with the UL25 protein.C9orf69,a protein of unknown function was identified.The interaction between the two proteins under physiological conditions was also confirmed by biological experiments including co-localization by fluorescence and immunoprecipitation.A preliminary study of the function of C9orf69 showed that it promotes viral proliferation.Further studies showed that C9orf69 did not influence viral multiplication efficiency by transcriptional regulation of viral genes,but indirectly promoted proliferation via interaction with UL25.

Herpes Simplex Viruses and Induction of Interferon Responses / 中国病毒学·英文版

Herpes simplex viruses (HSV) are human pathogens responsible for a variety of diseases,including localized mucocutaneous lesions,encephalitis,and disseminated diseases.HSV infection leads to rapid induction of innate immune responses.A critical part of this host response is the type I IFN system including the induction of type I IFNs,IFN-mediated signaling and amplification of IFN response.This provides the host with immediate countermeasure during acute infection to limit initial viral replication and to facilitate an appropriate adaptive immune response.However,HSV has devised multiple strategies to evade and interfere with innate immunity.This review will focus on the induction of type I IFN response by HSV during acute infection and current knowledge of mechanisms by which HSV interferes with this induction process.

Expression of HSV-1 ICP0 Antigen Peptide in Prokaryotic Cells and Preparation of Specific Antibody / 中国病毒学

As an immediate-early protein of herpes simplex virus, infected-cell polypeptide 0 (ICP0) exhibits complicated interactions with host cells, and its regulatory function on gene expression is of great importance. Since the ICP0 encoding sequence contains many rare codons which are absent in E.coli, and ICP0 is highly unstable in prokaryotic cells, expression of entire ICP0 in prokaryotic cells has never been reported. In order to further investigate the function of ICP0, a recombinant plasmid was constructed by subcloning a cDNA fragment encoding an amino-terminal of 105 residues of the ICP0 protein into pGEX-5x-1 vector. The resulting GST-105 fusion antigen peptide was expressed with high efficiency in E.coli. Antibodies prepared after the immunization of mice with purified fusion protein can recognize not only the denatured ICP0 protein, but also the native ICP0 protein with normal biological conformation.

THE ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY OF POLYSACCHARIDES EXTRACTED FROM LOBOPHORA VARIEGATA / 营养学报

Objective: To study the antiviral effect of polysaccharides from brown seaweed Lobophora variegata. Method: The crude polysaccharide was extracted with boiling water and precipitated with ethanol,and then fractionated with ion exchange chromatography. Its antiviral activity was tested by cytopathic effect (CPE) reduction assay and plaque reduction assay. The cytotoxicity of the water crude extract was determined by MTT method. Results: The crude water extract showed markedly antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 and type 2 including ACV resistant strain and clinical strains with low EC50 values of 18.2 and 6.25 μg/ml respectively. It also showed very low cytotoxicity to Vero, HEp-2 and MDCK cells. Therefore, the crude extract possessed high selective index for antiviral effect. It also had some inhibitory effect on respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) but had no effect on influenza A virus. Two fractions were isolated from the water crude extract and they exhibited anti-HSV activity in the test of CPE reduction assay in Vero cells. Conclusion: Seaweed Lobophora variegata contains antiviral polysaccharides with high inhibitory effect on herpes simplex virus.

Screening of the Antiviral Active Parts from Isatis indigotica / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To study the activity of 10 chemical parts extracted from Isatis indigotica against herpes simplex virus(HSV)in vitro and to determine the antiviral active parts.METHODS:10 crude fractions and refined portions were extracted from Isatis indigotica using solvent isolation and absorption chromatography.Their inhibitory effects against HSV-Ⅰ and HSV-Ⅱ were determined by MTT using virus inhibition ratio and therapeutic index(TI)as appraisal targets to compare the antiviral effects among all the chemical parts.RESULTS:The parts(Ⅷ,Ⅹ)with EtOH(10% and 50% in concentration)elution via macroporous resin absorption showed the most potent activities,whose inhibitory rates against HSV-Ⅰ were 53.21% and 56.28% respectively,similar the action of its positive control acyclovir(62.55%),and their TI were 4.61 and 18.62 respectively.CONCLUSION:There were significant differences in the antiviral activity among all the chemical parts extracted from Isatis indigotica,

Herpes Simplex Esophagitis Presenting as Melena: A case report / 대한소화기내시경학회지

A 29-year-old man was admitted because of melena for 5 days. Two years ago, he underwent allogenic bone marrow transplantation for chronic myeloid leukemia and received immunosuppressive agents. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy showed a picture - multiple scattered deep ulcers and friable pseudomembranes - of highly suggestive of a herpes simplex esophagitis and biopsy revealed multinucleated giant cells and pathognomonic intranuclear inclusion bodies. Esophageal lesions and melena improved after acyclovir therapy.

Antiviral activities of polysaccharide from Spirulina platensis(PSP) in vitro / 中国海洋药物

3200 mg?L~(-1)),and could suppress HBeAg and HBsAg secretion and lower the HBV-DNA level cultured in HepG2 2.2.15 cell line in a dose and time-dependent manner.Conclusion Some of the mechanisms of PSP against HSV-1 and HSV-2 may be explained by the considerable inhibition of virus absorption and virus replication in cells.Some of the mechanisms of PSP against HBV may be explained by inhibition of the secretion of HBV-antigen and the replication of HBV-DNA.

EFFECTS OF BOTH GDNF AND HSV-GDNF ON APOPTOSIS OF INJURED SPINAL CORD MOTOR NEURONS in vitro / 解剖学报

Objective To study effects of GDNF and HSV GDNF on apoptosis of spinal cord motoneurons after scratch injury in vitro. Methods In the period of culture cell,motor neurons were periodically observed and counted.Scratch injury was executed on culturing 12th day,in the same time,cultured neurons were divided into 4 groups,and each group was given corresponding medium(medium serum free control group,serum group,HSV GDNF group,GDNF group).On the 4th and 7th day after scratch injury,TUNEL staining was respectively performed,and the number and the mean densities of apoptotic motoneurons were observed. Results The number of living motoneurons was in inverse proportion to time of scratch injury in each group.The number of apoptotic motoneurons from control group,HSV GDNF group to GDNF group was successively decreased as well as the mean densities of apoptotic motoneurons on the 4th and 7th day after scratch injury.Furthermore,the effects of groups with serum were no better than those of medium serum free groups,in the same time,difference was not obviously in HSV GDNF group and GDNF group. Conclusion GDNF and HSV GDNF can decrease apoptosis of injured motoneurons in vitro .It suggests that GDNF and HSV GDNF might play an important role in the growth and development of motor neurons.