Prevalencia de neoplasias malignas en 2042 casos consecutivos / Prevalence of malignant neoplasms in 2,042 consecutive cases

Introducción: las neoplasias malignas en cavidad oral representan de 3-5% de todas las neoplasias, el carcinoma de células escamosas representa 90%, es la neoplasia más frecuente. Objetivo: identificar la frecuencia de neoplasias malignas diagnosticadas histopatológicamente en 2,042 casos consecutivos en la cavidad oral, en un servicio patológico privado, clasificándolas por edad, sexo y localización. Material y métodos: estudio transversal de un muestreo por conveniencia en un periodo que data de enero de 2017 a diciembre de 2018. Resultados: la prevalencia de neoplasias malignas fue de 6.06% (124/2042). Conclusiones: las neoplasias malignas afectan principalmente a personas mayores de 40 años con predilección por el sexo masculino, probablemente porque las mujeres acuden con mayor frecuencia a evaluaciones médicas (AU)

Introduction: malignant neoplasms in oral cavity represent 3 to 5% of all the neoplasms where squamous cell carcinoma is the most frequent with a representation rate of 90%. Objective: identify the frequency of malignant neoplasms diagnosed histopathologically in 2,042 consecutive cases in the oral cavity in a private oral pathology service, classifying them by age, sex and location. Material and methods: cross-sectional study of a sampling for convenience from the periods of January 2017 to December 2018. Results: the prevalence of malignant neoplasms was 6.06% (124/2042). Conclusions: malignant neoplasms mainly affect people over 40; with a predilection for the male sex, probably because women attend medical evaluations more frequently (AU)

Análisis histopatológico en apendicectomía profiláctica

Objetivo: Reportar los hallazgos anatomopatológicos de las apendicectomías profilácticas en el Hospital Clínico de la Fuerza Aérea de Chile (FACh) y compararlos con los estudios reportados en la literatura. Material y Método: Análisis retrospectivo, descriptivo de los pacientes sometidos a apendicectomía laparoscópica profiláctica entre los años 2013 y 2017 en el Hospital FACh, y sus resultados anatomopatológicos de la pieza operatoria, según registro clínico y reportes de laboratorio patológico. Resultados: Se rescataron un total de 200 muestras de pacientes sometidos a apendicectomía. El 80% resultó sin hallazgos patológicos, mientras que 13,5% obliteración fibrosa, y 2,5% en apendicitis aguda en distinta etapa. Se evidenció una muestra de 0,5% de neoplasia maligna. Discusión: El porcentaje de apéndices no patológicos obtenidos se correlaciona con resultados expuestos en la literatura sobre apendicectomías incidentales. Por su parte, los hallazgos de malignidad están presentes en todos los reportes revisados, con una tasa relativa baja variable. Existe el debate si todos los apéndices deben ser estudiados. Conclusiones: No existen estudios similares al presente, sin embargo, es comparable a los reportes de apendicectomía incidental. Pareciera ser indispensable el estudio histopatológico por el riesgo de prevalencia de malignidad.

Objective: To report anatomopathological results of the prophylactic appendectomies in the Hospital Clínico de la Fuerza Aérea de Chile (FACh) and to compare them with existing studies. Material and Method: Descriptive, retrospective analysis of patients that underwent prophylactic appendectomies between 2013 and 2017 in the Hospital FACh and their anatomopathological results, according to clinical registries and pathology reports. Results: A total of 200 samples obtained from patients that underwent appendectomy were rescued. 80% resulted with no pathological findings, 13,5% had fibrous obliteration, and 2,5% showed acute appendicitis in different stages. Malignancy was found in 0,5% of the samples. Discussion: The percentage of non-pathological appendices correlates with the results reported in the literature. On the other hand, malignancy is present in all the reviewed reports, with a variable low relative rate. There is a debate on whether all appendixes should be studied. Conclusion: There are no studies like this one, however, our results are comparable to the reports of incidental appendectomies. Histopathological analysis seems to be essential due to the risk of prevalence of malignancy.

Sublethal toxicity of carbofuran in cattle egret (Bubulcus ibis coromandus): hematological, biochemical, and histopathological alterations / Toxicidade subletal do carbofurano na garça-vaqueira (Bubulcus ibis coromandus): alterações hematológicas, bioquímicas e histopatológicas

Abstract This study was aimed to investigate Carbofuran (CF)-induced pathological changes in cattle egret. Two hundred cattle egrets were reared and equally divided into four groups and given different CF concentrations (0.03 mg/L, 0.02 mg/L, 0.01 mg/L and 0 mg/L (control group)). Hematology, serum biochemistry, histopathology, and immunological markers were studied. Our results confirm that CF induces anemic conditions, leukocytosis, elevated liver enzymatic activity, and alterations in renal biomarkers. Moreover, specific microscopic lesions such as multifocal necrosis, pyknotic nuclei, hemorrhages, congestion, and inflammatory cell proliferation were observed in the liver, kidney, spleen, and thymus. These findings suggest that CF can induce harmful effects, so the application of this pesticide in the field must be strictly monitored to mitigate the possibility of exposure to non-target species.

Resumo Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar as alterações patológicas induzidas por carbofurano (CF) em garças-vaqueiras. Duzentas dessas garças foram criadas e divididas igualmente em quatro grupos e receberam diferentes concentrações de CF: 0,03 mg/L; 0,02 mg/L; 0,01 mg/L; e 0 mg/L (grupo controle). Foram realizadas análises de hematologia, bioquímica sérica, histopatologia e marcadores imunológicos. Nossos resultados confirmaram que CF induz condições anêmicas, leucocitose, atividade enzimática hepática elevada e alterações nos biomarcadores renais. Além disso, lesões microscópicas específicas, como necrose multifocal, núcleos picnóticos, hemorragias, congestão e proliferação de células inflamatórias, foram observadas no fígado, rim, baço e timo. Esses achados sugerem que o CF pode causar efeitos nocivos, portanto a aplicação desse agrotóxico no campo deve ser rigorosamente monitorada para mitigar a possibilidade de exposição a espécies não alvo.

Clinico-pathological assessment of virulent Newcastle Disease Virus in ducks / Avaliação clínico-patológica do Vírus da Doença de Newcastle em patos

Abstract Newcastle disease (ND) is an infectious, highly contagious and lethal disease of avian species. It is considered that ducks are natural reservoir or carrier for Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and are resistant against different strains of NDV. Current study was designed to evaluate the pathogenesis of Newcastle disease in domestic ducks through histopathology, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and serum biochemical changes. For this purpose, eighty ducks were reared for 42 days and divided in two groups A and B. Ducks in group A were challenged with (NDV) at rate of 0.1 ml of ELD50 (virus titer 107.32/100µl) on second week of age, whereas Group B was control negative. Splenomegaly, atrophy of thymus and necrotic lesion in kidney were observed on 9th day of post infection. Hepatic degeneration and mononuclear cell infiltration were noticed in proventriculus and intestine in challenged ducks. Viral antigen detected in lungs, intestine, proventriculus and lymphoid organs of infected ducks through IHC. Albumin and total protein values were significantly low in infected groups A as compared to control group B. ALT, AST, and ALP values were significantly high in infected group A. On 5th and 7th day of post infection oropharyngeal swabs were negative for NDV and cloacal swabs were positive for NDV through Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. It is concluded that ducks are susceptible to NDV and virulent strain of NDV caused disease in ducks.

Resumo A doença de Newcastle (DN) é uma doença infecciosa, altamente contagiosa e letal de espécies aviárias. Considera-se que os patos são reservatórios ou portadores naturais do vírus da doença de Newcastle (VDN) e são resistentes a diferentes cepas de VDN. O presente estudo foi desenvolvido para avaliar a patogênese da DN em patos domésticos por meio de histopatologia, imuno-histoquímica (IHQ) e alterações bioquímicas séricas. Para este propósito, 80 patos foram criados por 42 dias e divididos em dois grupos A e B. Os patos do grupo A foram submetidos ao VDN a uma taxa de 0,1 ml de ELD50 (título viral de 107,32 / 100 µl) na segunda semana de idade, enquanto o Grupo B foi controle negativo. Esplenomegalia, atrofia do timo e lesão necrótica no rim foram observadas no 9º dia pós-infecção. Degeneração hepática e infiltração de células mononucleares foram observadas no proventrículo e intestino em patos infectados. Antígeno viral foi detectado em pulmões, intestino, proventrículo e órgãos linfoides de patos infectados por IHQ. Os valores de albumina e proteína total foram significativamente baixos no grupo A infectado em comparação com o grupo B. Os valores de ALT, AST e ALP foram significativamente altos no grupo A. No 5º e no 7º dia após a infecção, os esfregaços orofaríngeos foram negativos para VDN, enquanto os esfregaços cloacais foram positivos para VDN por meio da reação em cadeia da polimerase via transcriptase reversa. Conclui-se que os patos são suscetíveis ao VDN e à cepa virulenta de VDN que causou doenças em patos.

Sublethal toxicity of carbofuran in cattle egret (Bubulcus ibis coromandus): hematological, biochemical, and histopathological alterations

Abstract This study was aimed to investigate Carbofuran (CF)-induced pathological changes in cattle egret. Two hundred cattle egrets were reared and equally divided into four groups and given different CF concentrations (0.03 mg/L, 0.02 mg/L, 0.01 mg/L and 0 mg/L (control group)). Hematology, serum biochemistry, histopathology, and immunological markers were studied. Our results confirm that CF induces anemic conditions, leukocytosis, elevated liver enzymatic activity, and alterations in renal biomarkers. Moreover, specific microscopic lesions such as multifocal necrosis, pyknotic nuclei, hemorrhages, congestion, and inflammatory cell proliferation were observed in the liver, kidney, spleen, and thymus. These findings suggest that CF can induce harmful effects, so the application of this pesticide in the field must be strictly monitored to mitigate the possibility of exposure to non-target species.

Resumo Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar as alterações patológicas induzidas por carbofurano (CF) em garças-vaqueiras. Duzentas dessas garças foram criadas e divididas igualmente em quatro grupos e receberam diferentes concentrações de CF: 0,03 mg/L; 0,02 mg/L; 0,01 mg/L; e 0 mg/L (grupo controle). Foram realizadas análises de hematologia, bioquímica sérica, histopatologia e marcadores imunológicos. Nossos resultados confirmaram que CF induz condições anêmicas, leucocitose, atividade enzimática hepática elevada e alterações nos biomarcadores renais. Além disso, lesões microscópicas específicas, como necrose multifocal, núcleos picnóticos, hemorragias, congestão e proliferação de células inflamatórias, foram observadas no fígado, rim, baço e timo. Esses achados sugerem que o CF pode causar efeitos nocivos, portanto a aplicação desse agrotóxico no campo deve ser rigorosamente monitorada para mitigar a possibilidade de exposição a espécies não alvo.

Clinico-pathological assessment of virulent Newcastle Disease Virus in ducks

Abstract Newcastle disease (ND) is an infectious, highly contagious and lethal disease of avian species. It is considered that ducks are natural reservoir or carrier for Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and are resistant against different strains of NDV. Current study was designed to evaluate the pathogenesis of Newcastle disease in domestic ducks through histopathology, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and serum biochemical changes. For this purpose, eighty ducks were reared for 42 days and divided in two groups A and B. Ducks in group A were challenged with (NDV) at rate of 0.1 ml of ELD50 (virus titer 107.32/100µl) on second week of age, whereas Group B was control negative. Splenomegaly, atrophy of thymus and necrotic lesion in kidney were observed on 9th day of post infection. Hepatic degeneration and mononuclear cell infiltration were noticed in proventriculus and intestine in challenged ducks. Viral antigen detected in lungs, intestine, proventriculus and lymphoid organs of infected ducks through IHC. Albumin and total protein values were significantly low in infected groups A as compared to control group B. ALT, AST, and ALP values were significantly high in infected group A. On 5th and 7th day of post infection oropharyngeal swabs were negative for NDV and cloacal swabs were positive for NDV through Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. It is concluded that ducks are susceptible to NDV and virulent strain of NDV caused disease in ducks.

Resumo A doença de Newcastle (DN) é uma doença infecciosa, altamente contagiosa e letal de espécies aviárias. Considera-se que os patos são reservatórios ou portadores naturais do vírus da doença de Newcastle (VDN) e são resistentes a diferentes cepas de VDN. O presente estudo foi desenvolvido para avaliar a patogênese da DN em patos domésticos por meio de histopatologia, imuno-histoquímica (IHQ) e alterações bioquímicas séricas. Para este propósito, 80 patos foram criados por 42 dias e divididos em dois grupos A e B. Os patos do grupo A foram submetidos ao VDN a uma taxa de 0,1 ml de ELD50 (título viral de 107,32 / 100 µl) na segunda semana de idade, enquanto o Grupo B foi controle negativo. Esplenomegalia, atrofia do timo e lesão necrótica no rim foram observadas no 9º dia pós-infecção. Degeneração hepática e infiltração de células mononucleares foram observadas no proventrículo e intestino em patos infectados. Antígeno viral foi detectado em pulmões, intestino, proventrículo e órgãos linfoides de patos infectados por IHQ. Os valores de albumina e proteína total foram significativamente baixos no grupo A infectado em comparação com o grupo B. Os valores de ALT, AST e ALP foram significativamente altos no grupo A. No 5º e no 7º dia após a infecção, os esfregaços orofaríngeos foram negativos para VDN, enquanto os esfregaços cloacais foram positivos para VDN por meio da reação em cadeia da polimerase via transcriptase reversa. Conclui-se que os patos são suscetíveis ao VDN e à cepa virulenta de VDN que causou doenças em patos.

Estudio retrospectivo sobre equinococosis quística en animales de granja en el norte de Türkiye

RESUMEN Objetivo. Este estudio se realizó retrospectivamente para evaluar el estado de equinococosis quística de los animales de granja, analizando las muestras enviadas al Instituto de Control Veterinario de Samsun de la República de Türkiye, Ministerio de Agricultura y Silvicultura, entre el Enero de 2016 y el Diciembre de 2022. Materiales y Métodos. Un total de 818 ovejas, 160 cabras y 990 materiales de necropsia de ganado bovino se examinaron macroscópicamente e histopatológicamente de acuerdo con las directrices de la Organización Mundial de Sanidad Animal (WOAH). Los quistes se detectaron en 61 materiales de todos los materiales examinados. Resultados. Se encontró que la tasa de positividad de equinococosis quística total en animales de granja era del 3,1% en el norte de Türkiye. Se detectaron quistes en al menos uno de los hígados y pulmones. Se detectó en hígado en 24 casos (39.3%), pulmón en 23 casos (37.7%) y tanto pulmón como hígado en 11 casos (18%). Además, se encontraron quistes tanto en pulmón como en bazo (1 caso), riñón e hígado (1 caso) y corazón e hígado (1 caso). La tasa de positividad fue mayor en ovejas que en otros rumiantes, y la diferencia con otras especies de rumiantes fue estadísticamente significativa. (p<0.001). Se encontró que la diferencia entre las tasas de prevalencia por años era estadísticamente significativa (p=0.001). Conclusiones. Türkiye se define como una región altamente endémica para Echinococcus granulosus y Echinococcus multilocularis. La vigilancia debe realizarse regularmente para implementar programas de control. La información presentada en este estudio contribuirá a obtener una idea sobre el estado de la equinococosis quística en el ganado en el norte de Türkiye y al desarrollo de estrategias de prevención y control.

ABSTRACT Objective. This study was conducted retrospectively to assess the cystic echinococcosis status of farm animals from the samples sent to Samsun Veterinary Control Institute of the Republic of Türkiye, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, between January 2016 and December 2022. Materials and Methods. A total of 818 sheep, 160 goats, and 990 cattle necropsy materials were examined macroscopically and histopathologically according to World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH) guidelines. Cysts were detected in 61 of examined materials. Results. The rate of total cystic echinococcosis positivity in farm animals was found to be 3.1% in northern Türkiye. Cysts were detected in at least one of the liver and lungs. It was detected in the liver in 24 cases (39.3%), the lung in 23 cases (37.7%), and both the lung and liver in 11 cases (18%). In addition, cysts were found in both of lung and spleen (1 case), kidney and liver (1 case), and heart and liver (1 case). The positivity rate was higher in sheep than in other ruminants, and the difference with other ruminant species was statistically significant. (p<0.001). The difference between prevalence rates by years was found to be statistically significant (p=0.001). Conclusion. Türkiye is defined as a highly endemic region for Echinococcus granulosus and Echinococcus multilocularis. Surveillance should be done regularly to implement control programs. The information presented in this study will contribute to gaining an idea about the status of cystic echinococcosis in livestock in northern Türkiye and to the development of prevention and control strategies.

Neumonía lipoidea exógena crónica y sobreinfección por Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Chronic Exogenous Lipoid Pneumonia and Superinfection by Mycobacterium Tuberculosis

Introducción: la neumonía lipoidea exógena es una enfermedad pulmonar inflamatoria poco común, desencadenada por la inhalación o aspiración de material graso de origen animal, vegetal o mineral. El diagnóstico se establece a través de confirmación histo-patológica, por la presencia de macrófagos cargados de lípidos en muestras respirato-rias, asociado a las características clínicas específicas al momento de su presentación.Requiere de un alto nivel de sospecha y una adecuada anamnesis de los antecedentes exposicionales del paciente debido a que muchos casos son subdiagnosticados y trat-ados como neumonía adquirida en la comunidad, lo que retrasa su diagnóstico y mane-jo, sumado a la ausencia de guías disponibles para su tratamiento.Se han reportado pocos casos de sobreinfección por tuberculosis en pacientes con neu-monía lipoidea exógena crónica. Caso clínico: femenino 33 años, con antecedentes de exposición crónica a sustancias desinfectantes de características aceitosas sin protección de vía aérea, con cuadro de tos y dolor torácico. Conclusión: el diagnóstico temprano, asociado a tratamiento de soporte, general-mente conservador, favorece la mejoría clínica y radiológica, y de esta manera dis-minuye la morbimortalidad. (AU)

Introduction: exogenous lipoid pneumonia is a rare inflammatory lung disease, trigge-red by inhalation or aspiration of fatty material of animal, vegetable or mineral origin. The diagnosis is established through histological confirmation by the presence of lipid-laden macrophages in respiratory samples, associated with the specific clinical charac-teristics at the time of presentation. It requires a high level of suspicion and an adequate anamnesis of the patient's expo-sure history, since many cases are underdiagnosed and treated as community-acquired pneumonia, what delays its diagnosis and management, added to the absence of avai-lable guidelines for its treatment. Few cases of tuberculosis superinfection have been reported in patients with exoge-nous lipoid pneumonia.Clinical case: 33-year-old female, with a history of chronic exposure to oily disinfectant substances without airway protection, with symptoms of cough and chest pain.Conclusion: early diagnosis, associated with supportive treatment, generally conser-vative, favors clinical and radiological improvement, thus reducing morbidity and mor-tality. (AU)

Parvitaenia cochlearii (Cestoda: Gryporhynchidae) en cultivo de chame Dormitator latifrons en Ecuador

RESUMEN Objetivo. Identificar y determinar los parámetros de infección del metacestodo Parvitaenia en diferentes fases de cultivo de Dormitator latifrons y evaluar los daños histológicos. Materiales y métodos. Se revisaron 45 ejemplares, 15 en cada fase (pre-cría, pre-engorda y engorda) para identificar el metacestodo y los daños tisulares provocados. Se calculó la prevalencia, intensidad e intensidad mediana. Se evaluó la diferencia de la intensidad mediana entre fase de cultivo mediante la prueba de medianas de Mood. La longitud total, peso, factor de condición de Fulton e índice hepatosomático se correlacionó con la intensidad mediante una correlación lineal. Los daños tisulares fueron evaluados en fragmentos de hígado. Resultados. Se encontró un total de 29151 cestodos, identificados como Parvitaenia cochlearii. La prevalencia del cestodo fue de 100%, la intensidad mediana varió de 22 a 625 individuos y mostró diferencias significativas entre fases de cultivo (X2= 29.391; p<0.0001). La intensidad mostró una correlación positiva moderada con la longitud total de los peces (r2= 0.45; p<0.05) y una correlación baja con el peso (r2= 0.38; p<0.05). En hígados poco parasitados se observó fibrosis y congestión alrededor de los quistes. En hígados con altos niveles de infección se observó reducción del parénquima, fibrosis e incremento de centros melanomacrófagos. Conclusiones. Este es el primer reporte de P. cochlearii en D. latifrons de cultivo. Nuestros resultados sugieren que existe una tendencia de acumulación de cestodos durante el crecimiento de los peces, lo cual podría tener implicaciones negativas para el comercio.

ABSTRACT Objective. To identify and determine the infection parameters of the metacestode Parvitaenia in different culture stages of Dormitator latifrons and to evaluate the histological damage caused by this parasite. Materials and methods. Forty-five specimens were examined, 15 in each phase: prebreeding, pre-fattening, and fattening, to identify the metacestode and tissue damage caused using conventional parasitology and histology techniques. Prevalence, intensity, and median intensity were calculated. A Mood's median test evaluated the difference between intensity per culture phase. Total length, weight, condition factor, and hepatosomatic index were correlated with intensity by linear correlation analysis. Liver fragments were evaluated to identify the tissue damage. Results. A total of 29,151 cestodes were found and were identified as Parvitaenia cochlearii. Cestode prevalence was 100% in each culture phase. The median intensity ranged from 22 to 625 individuals and showed significant differences between culture phases (X2 = 29.391; p<0.0001). Intensity showed moderate positive correlation with total fish length (r2 = 0.45; p<0.05) and low correlation with weight (r2 = 0.38; p<0.05). In less parasitized livers, fibrosis and congestion around the cysts were observed, while in livers with high levels of infection, parenchymal reduction, fibrosis, and increase in melanomacrophage centers were observed. Conclusions. This is the first report of P. cochlearii on D. latifrons in aquaculture. We suggest that there is a tendency for cestode accumulation during fish growth, which could have negative implications for trade.

Precisión de la PAAF en el reporte histopatológico de cirugía de tiroides

Objetivo: evaluar la precisión de los distintos puntos de corte del score Bethesda de la BAAF, en comparación con el estudio histopatológico para el diagnóstico de patología tiroidea. Métodos: estudio cuantitativo, observacional, de tipo transversal, analítico para la evaluación de pruebas diagnósticas. Incluyó 293 pacientes con patología tiroidea sugestiva de cáncer, que acudieron a Servicio de Cirugía General del Hospital Obrero N° 2 de la Caja Nacional de Salud, durante el periodo de 2019-2022. Se realizó un muestreo no aleatorizado por conveniencia que incluía a todos los pacientes disponibles. Resultados: se afirma la correlación entre las dos variables estudiadas, es decir, entre el puntaje del score Bethesda y el reporte del estudio histopatológico, con un intervalo de confianza (IC) del 95%. Conclusiones: se demuestra que la BAAF tiene alta especificidad en el diagnóstico de cancer de tiroides con reporte Bethesda V y VI, por el contrario, reportes Bethesda menores II, III y IV, descartan el diagnóstico.

Objective: to evaluate the precision of the different cut-off points of the BAAF Bethesda score in comparison with the histopathological study for the diagnosis of thyroid pathology. Methods: quantitative, observational, cross-sectional, analytical study for the evaluation of diagnostic tests. It included 293 patients with thyroid disease suggestive of cancer, who attended the General Surgery Service of Hospital Obrero No. 2 of the National Health Fund, during the period 2019-2022. Non-randomized convenience sampling was performed that included all available patients. Results: the correlation between the two variables studied was confirmed, that is, between the Bethesda score and the histopathological study report, with a confidence interval (CI) of 95%. Conclusions: it is demonstrated that the BAAF has high specificity in the diagnosis of thyroid cancer with Bethesda reports V and VI, on the contrary, minor Bethesda reports II, III, and IV, rule out the diagnosis.

Effect of cadmium chloride toxicity on olfactory mucosa / Efecto de la toxicidad del cloruro de cadmio en la mucosa olfativa

SUMMARY: Cadmium is a highly toxic metal and affects the respiratory mucosa. The aim of the study is to show the inflammation and degenerative effect of cadmium on the olfactory mucosa. In this study, eight-week-old Wistar rats with an average weight of 170-190 g were divided into two groups (control and experiment) with 20 animals in each group and used in the experiments. The rats in the experimental group were given 2 mg/kg/day powdered cadmium chloride dissolved in water intraperitoneally every day for two weeks. At the end of the experiment, the nasal cavity was completely removed with anesthesia. Concha nasalis superior was separated, fixed with zinc-Formalin solution and decalcified with 5 % EDTA (Ethylene-diaminetetraacetic acid). After routine histopathological procedure, APAF-1 antibody was used for expression of Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE) and immunohistochemistry. Histopathological examination revealed interruptions in the basement membrane structure due to cadmium and degenerative changes in stem cells, degeneration in sensory cells and pycnosis in nuclei, dilatation in blood vessels and increased inflammation in connective tissue. APAF-1 expression was found to increase in epithelial cells and olfactory glands (Bowman gland) cells. It has been thought that cadmium toxicity increases cell degeneration and inflammation in the olfactory mucosa and may significantly affect cell death and olfactory metabolism by inducing the pro-apoptotic process.

El cadmio es un metal altamente tóxico que afecta la mucosa respiratoria. El objetivo fue mostrar el efecto inflamatorio y degenerativo del cadmio sobre la mucosa olfativa. En este estudio, ratas Wistar de ocho semanas de edad con un peso promedio de 170-190 g se dividieron en dos grupos (control y experimental) con 20 animales en cada grupo. Las ratas del grupo experimental recibieron 2 mg/kg/día de cloruro de cadmio en polvo disuelto en agua por vía intraperitoneal todos los días durante dos semanas. En los animales se exirpó la cavidad nasal bajo anestesia. Se separó la concha nasal superior, se fijó con solución de zinc-Formalina y se descalcificó con EDTA (ácido etilendiaminotetraacético) al 5 %. Después del procedimiento histopatológico de rutina, Hematoxilina- Eosina (HE) e inmunohistoquímica, se utilizó el anticuerpo APAF-1. El examen histopatológico reveló interrupciones en la estructura de la membrana basal debido al cadmio y cambios degenerativos en las células madre, degeneración en las células sensoriales y picnosis en los núcleos, dilatación de los vasos sanguíneos y aumento de la inflamación en el tejido conjuntivo. Se encontró que la expresión de APAF-1 aumenta en las células epiteliales y en las células de las glándulas olfatorias (glándulas de Bowman). Se ha pensado que la toxicidad del cadmio aumenta la degeneración celular y la inflamación en la mucosa olfativa y puede afectar significativamente la muerte celular y el metabolismo olfativo al inducir el proceso proapoptótico.

Caracterización clinicoepidemiológica, diagnóstica e histopatológica de pacientes tratados con esofagectomía por cáncer de esófago / Clinical epidemiological, diagnostic, histological and pathological characterization of patients treated with esophagectomy due to esophagus cancer

Introducción: El cáncer de esófago se manifiesta clínicamente en etapas avanzadas y presenta gran letalidad. Objetivo: Caracterizar a los pacientes operados de cáncer de esófago según variables epidemiológicas, clínicas, diagnósticas e histopatológicas. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal de 87 pacientes con cáncer de esófago, operados en el Servicio de Cirugía General del Hospital Provincial Docente Clinicoquirúrgico Saturnino Lora de Santiago de Cuba, en el periodo 2014-2018. Resultados: Dicha afección predominó en pacientes del sexo masculino (94,2 %) entre los 65 y 74 años de edad (37,9 %); el tipo histológico más frecuente fue el carcinoma epidermoide (89,6 %) y la localización en el tercio medio (49,4 %). Los hábitos tóxicos que primaron fueron el tabaquismo (87,4 %) y el consumo de alcohol (75,8 %). La disfagia y la pérdida de peso se manifestaron en 73,5 y 66,6 % de la serie, respectivamente. El diagnóstico se realizó mediante imágenes, tales como esofagograma, tomografía contrastada de tórax, abdomen y pelvis; así como por medio de endoscopia y biopsia. Conclusiones: Se demostró que los hombres son los más afectados y es más frecuente el diagnóstico en mayores de 60 años de edad. Se observó el vínculo con el hábito de fumar y el consumo de alcohol. La disfagia es el síntoma más común y tardío de la enfermedad. El estudio de las características clínico-histológicas de los pacientes con cáncer de esófago permite un adecuado enfoque diagnóstico de esta afección, así como el desarrollo de acciones de salud preventivas sobre los principales factores de riesgo identificados.

Introduction: The esophagus cancer is clinically manifested in advanced stages and presents great lethality. Objective: To characterize the patients operated on esophagus cancer according to epidemiological, clinical, diagnostic, histological and pathological variables. Methods: An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study of 87 patients with esophagus cancer was carried out; they were operated in the General Surgery Service of Saturnino Lora Teaching Clinical Surgical Provincial Hospital in Santiago de Cuba, in the period 2014-2018. Results: This affection prevailed in patients from the male sex (94.2 %) between the 65 and 74 years (37.9 %); the most frequent histhologic type was the squamous cell carcinoma (89.6 %) and the localization in the mean third (49.4 %). The toxic habits that prevailed were nicotine addiction (87.4 %) and consumption of alcohol (75.8 %). The dysphagia and loss of weight showed in 73.5 and 66.6 % of the series, respectively. The diagnosis was carried out by means of images, such as esophagogram, chest, abdomen and pelvis contrast tomography, as well as by means of endoscopy and biopsy. Conclusions: It was demonstrated that men are the most affected and it is more frequent the diagnosis in those over 60 years. The link with the habit of smoking and consumption of alcohol was observed. The dysphagia is the most common and late symptom of the disease. The study of clinical, histological and pathological characteristics of patients with esophagus cancer allows an appropriate diagnostic approach of this affection, as well as the development of preventive health actions about the main identified risk factors.

Retos en el diagnóstico y tratamiento de la Encefalitis de Rasmussen de inicio tardío: Reporte de tres casos / Challenges in diagnosis and treatment of late-onset Rasmussen encephalitis: Report of three cases

RESUMEN La encefalitis de Rasmussen es una entidad clínica poco frecuente caracterizada por epilepsia focal farmacorresistente, creciente déficit neurológico y hemiatrofia cerebral progresiva. Los abordajes diagnóstico y terapéutico son complejos, más aún en pacientes con inicio tardío de la enfermedad (adolescencia y adultez), en los cuales el cuadro clínico podría ser atípico cuando comparado con su presentación en niños. Se reporta una serie de tres casos clínicos de encefalitis de Rasmussen de inicio tardío, confirmados con evaluaciones histopatológicas e inmunohistoquímicas y en los cuales se obtuvo mejoría clínica tras ser intervenidos quirúrgicamente. Se efectúa también una revisión de la literatura sobre la evolución clínica y alternativas terapéuticas para el manejo de este tipo de presentación.

SUMMARY Rasmussen's encephalitis is an unusual clinical entity characterized by drug-resistant focal epilepsy, neurological deficit and progressive cerebral hemiatrophy. The diagnostic and therapeutic approach is complex, even more so in patients with Rasmussen's encephalitis of late onset (in adolescence and adulthood) whose clinical picture could be atypical when compared with its occurrence in children. We report a series of three clinical cases of late-onset Rasmussen's encephalitis confirmed by histopathology and immunohistochemistry evaluations and in which clinical improvement was achieved after surgical interventions. Literature reviews on the clinical evolution and therapeutic alternatives for this type of presentation are included.

Presencia de lesiones quísticas en sacos pericoronarios de terceros molares mandibulares / Presence of cystic lesions in pericoronary sacs of mandibular third molars

Introducción: a pesar de que un tercer molar no erupcionado repre- senta un riesgo de formación quística, la práctica clínica desestima el análisis histopatológico de los folículos de dichos molares. Objetivo: identificar la frecuencia de lesiones quísticas en los sacos pericoronarios de terceros molares mandibulares. Material y métodos: estudio des- criptivo, transversal, analítico y observacional, en donde se incluyeron sacos pericoronarios de terceros molares mandibulares para su análisis histopatológico, descripción de características clínico-radiográficas y su asociación con la presencia de cambios histológicos o lesiones quís- ticas. Resultados: se incluyeron 48 muestras de sacos pericoronarios, la histopatología de los sacos pericoronarios mostró que 83.3% tenían algún tipo de alteración: 13 quistes paradentales (27.1%), cuatro quistes dentígeros (8.3%), 12 folículos hiperplásicos (25.0%) y 11 folículos inflamados (22.9%). La presencia de lesiones quísticas en la población fue de 35.4%. Se detectó asociación estadísticamente significativa entre el sexo y la presencia de lesiones quísticas (p = 0.039) y entre el nivel de erupción y la presencia de cambios histológicos (p = 0.046). Con- clusiones: la frecuencia de lesiones quísticas o cambios histológicos en folículos de terceros molares mandibulares es alta, principalmente en molares parcialmente erupcionados o submucosos y sin importar la ausencia de sintomatología o alteraciones radiográficas (AU))

Introduction: although a non-erupted third molar represents a risk of cystic formation; clinical practice rejects the histopathological analysis of the follicles of said molars. Objective: identify the frequency of the histopathological changes in pericoronary sacs of mandibular third molars. Material and methods: descriptive cross- sectional, observational and analytic study, where pericoronary sacs of mandibular third molars were included for histopathological analysis, description of clinical-radiographic characteristics and their association with the presence of histological changes or cystic lesions. Results: 48 samples of pericoronary sacs were included, the histopathology of the pericoronary sacs showed 83.3% had some type of alteration: 13 paradental cysts (27.1%), four dentigerous cysts (8.3%), 12 hyperplastic follicles (25.0%) and 11 inflamed follicles (22.9%). The presence of cystic lesions in the population was 35.4%. A statistically significant association was detected between sex and the presence of cystic lesions (p = 0.039); and between the level of eruption and the presence of histological changes (p = 0.046). Conclusions: the frequency of cystic lesions or histological changes in mandibular third molar follicles is high, mainly in partially erupted or submucosal molars and regardless of the absence of symptoms or radiographic alterations (AU)

Determinación de Helicobacter spp. en mucosa gástrica glandular de muías a través de la prueba de la actividad de la ureasa e histopatología / Determination of Helicobacter spp. in glandular gastric mucosa of mules through the test of urease activity and histopathology

RESUMEN La información sobre la presentación y los factores predisponentes del síndrome de úlcera gástrica en mulas (SUGM) es escasa en comparación con el síndrome de úlcera gástrica en equinos (SUGE) y asnales. Debido a la naturaleza multifactorial de este síndrome, la helicobacteriosis ha sido estudiada en otras especies. El objetivo de este trabajo fue establecer la presencia de Helicobacter spp. en mucosa gástrica de mulas a través de la prueba rápida de la ureasa (PRU) y de análisis histopatológico. Menos del 27% de las muestras reaccionaron a la PRU, con tiempos prolongados de reacción, y al Agar Urea (prueba de oro), con menor porcentaje de positividad. La histopatología reveló procesos inflamatorios crónicos, sin presencia de bacterias curvoespiraladas. Las PRU no fueron conclusivas en la determinación de Helicobacter spp., comportamiento similar reportado en equinos. Se requieren exámenes diagnósticos más específicos y procedimientos complementarios orientados a explorar por regiones del estómago en la consideración del número de muestras representativas.

ABSTRACT Information on the presentation and predisposing factors of Mule Gastric Ulcer Syndrome (MGUS) is scarce, compared to Equine Gastric Ulcer Syndrome (EGUS) and donkeys. Within the multifactorial nature of this syndrome, helicobacteriosis has been studied in other species. The objective of this work was to establish the presence of Helicobacter spp. in gastric mucosa of mules, through the rapid urease test (RUT) and histopathological analysis. Less than 27% of the samples reacted to RUTs, with prolonged reaction times, and Urea Agar (gold test), with a lower percentage of positivity. Histopathology revealed chronic inflammatory processes, without the presence of curved-spiral bacteria. The RUTs were not conclusive in the determination of Helicobacter spp., a similar behavior reported in horses. More specific diagnostic tests and complementary procedures are required to explore the regions of the stomach in consideration of the number of representative samples.

Micosis sistémicas en pacientes con Sida: descripción y relación del diagnóstico clínico con estudios complementarios

Las micosis profundas sistémicas (MPS) en los pacientes con Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida (Sida) pueden manifestarse de forma severa y fatal, y se requiere de una alta precisión diagnóstica, para mejorar su sobrevida y pronóstico. Objetivo: Describir y analizar la relación entre el diagnóstico clínico de las MPS con los resultados de biopsias y de los estudios micológicos en los pacientes con Sida del Servicio de Infectología del Hospital Universitario de Caracas, entre 2010 al 2015. Métodos: Se diseñó un estudio de casos, analítico, retrospectivo, descriptivo, no experimental. Se revisaron 195 historias clínicas y los resultados de biopsias, cultivos, inmunofluorescencia directa (IFD), criptolátex (CL)/Tinta china (TC). El análisis estadístico se realizó con medidas de tendencia central. Resultados: La edad media fue de 36,2 años; 65,2 % tenían menos de 5 años de diagnóstico de la infección por el virus de inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH); 68,2 % no tenían tratamiento antirretroviral de gran actividad (TARGA); los niveles de linfocitos TCD4 (LTCD4) estaban por debajo de 200 células (cels)/mm3 (49,2 %) y sus cargas virales mayores de 50 000 copias/mL (33,3 %). Las formas de presentación clínica más frecuentes fueron respiratorio febril con hepatomegalia (64,6 %), los diagnósticos clínicos predominantes fueron neumocistosis (34,9 %), neumocistosis/histoplasmosis (30,8 %) e histoplasmosis (16,4 %), no pudo establecerse la relación entre los diagnósticos clínicos y los resultados de cultivos/PCR ­ IFD, CL/TC y de biopsias por no disponer de resultados. Conclusión: El diagnóstico clínico más frecuente fue neumocistosis y las comparaciones no se pudieron realizarse por fallas en los reportes de paraclínicos imprescindibles.

Systemic deep mycoses (PSM) in patients with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) can manifest severely and fatally, and high diagnostic accuracy is required to improve survival and prognosis. Objective: To describe and analyze the relationship between the clinical diagnosis of MPS with the results of biopsies and mycological studies in AIDS patients of the Infectology Service of the University Hospital of Caracas, between 2010 and 2015. Methods: A study was designed of cases, analytical, retrospective, descriptive, non-experimental. 195 medical records and the results of biopsies, cultures, direct immunofluorescence (DIF), cryptolatex (CL)/Indian ink (CT) were reviewed. Statistical analysis was performed with measures of central tendency. Results: The mean age was 36.2 years; 65.2 % had been diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection less than 5 years ago; 68.2 % had not received highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART); the levels of TCD4 lymphocytes (LTCD4) were below 200 cells (cels)/mm3 (49.2 %) and their viral loads were greater than 50 000 copies/mL (33.3 %). The most frequent forms of clinical presentation were febrile respiratory with hepatomegaly (64.6 %), the predominant clinical diagnoses were pneumocystosis (34.9 %), pneumocystosis/histoplasmosis (30.8 %) and histoplasmosis (16.4 %), The relationship between the clinical diagnoses and the results of cultures/PCR ­ IFD, LC/CT and biopsies could not be established due to the lack of results. Conclusions: The most frequent clinical diagnosis was pneumocystosis and the comparisons could not be made due to failures in the essential paraclinical reports.

Hallazgos anatomopatológicos cerebrales en neonatos con cardiopatía congénita / Brain anatomopathological findings in neonates with congenital heart disease

Resumen Introducción: Los neonatos con cardiopatía congénita pueden desarrollar problemas neurológicos, por lo que es importante conocer el momento en el que ocurren dichas lesiones y su extensión, para dilucidar sus causas e implicaciones. Objetivo: Describir las alteraciones morfológicas cerebrales en autopsias de neonatos con cardiopatía congénita. Métodos: Se incluyeron los casos de neonatos con cardiopatía congénita y autopsia completa registrados en un servicio de patología, de 2009 a 2019. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva con el cálculo de frecuencias y porcentajes. Resultados: De 21 pacientes, 61.9 % fue a término del sexo masculino; las medianas del peso y edad al ingreso fueron 2500 g y cinco días, respectivamente; la media de la estancia hospitalaria fue siete días. La cardiopatía predominante fue la patología de arco aórtico. Quince pacientes (71.3 %) fueron sometidos a cirugía; 50 % falleció por choque cardiogénico, 100 % presentó lesiones hipóxico-isquémicas cerebrales; 71 %, lesiones incipientes; 33.3 %, hemorragia parenquimatosa. Conclusiones: Existen diversos factores de riesgo para daño neurológico en los pacientes con cardiopatía congénita compleja, los cuales es imposible controlar en su totalidad. Este estudio permite conocer, por primera vez en nuestro medio, los cambios en el sistema nervioso central que podrían existir en estos pacientes.

Abstract Introduction: Neonates with congenital heart disease can develop neurological problems, which is why it is important to know the time and extent at which these lesions occur in order to elucidate their causes and implications. Objective: To describe brain morphological alterations in autopsies of neonates with congenital heart disease. Methods: The cases of neonates with congenital heart disease and complete autopsy registered in a pathology department from 2009 to 2019 were included. Descriptive statistics were used with the calculation of frequencies and percentages. Results: Of a total of 21 patients, 61.9% were full-term males; median weight and age at admission were 2500 g and five days, respectively; mean hospital stay was seven days. The predominant heart disease was aortic arch pathology. Fifteen patients (71.3%) underwent surgery; 50% died of cardiogenic shock, 100% had hypoxic-ischemic brain lesions, 71% had incipient lesions, and 33.3%, parenchymal hemorrhage. Conclusions: There are various risk factors for neurological damage in patients with complex congenital heart disease, which is impossible to be entirely controlled. This study allows us to know, for the first time in our milieu, the changes in the central nervous system that could exist in these patients.

Histopathological and immunohistochemical study of antiosteoporotic efficacy of the earthworm Allolobophora caliginosa extract in orchiectomized rats / Estudio histopatológico e inmunohistoquímico de la eficacia antiosteoporótica del extracto de lombriz de tierra Allolobophora caliginosa en ratas orquiectomizadas

SUMMARY: Osteoporosis is a bone condition marked by a loss of bone mass and a disruption of bone microarchitecture. Men lose bone density as they age, resulting in brittle bones. The loss of free testosterone is one of the key factors. The objective of present study was to evaluate Allolobophora caliginosa extract (AcE) for its anti-osteoporotic and antiapoptotic activity in orchiotomized rat model at two different dose levels. Twenty eight male rats were divided into two groups. The first group represented sham operated rats while the second group underwent bilateral orchidectomy (OCX). After one week of recovery from orchidectomy surgery, the second group was randomly subdivided into 3 subgroups. The first OCX subgroup was administered orally distilled water daily for 10 weeks. The other two OCX subgroups were administered AcE (100 or200 mg/kg body weight/day) orally for 10 weeks. Orchiectomy induces remarkable loss of the cortical as well as trabecular bone loss; which, could be counterbalanced by Allolobophora caliginosa extract (AcE) that prevented cortical as well as trabecular bone loss. Allolobophora caliginosa extract (AcE) at Dose 200 mg/kg/day was found to be effective at a highly significant level in osteoporotic bone, as determined by histological images and immunohistochemical study, where Dose (100 mg/kg/day) was found to be moderately significant.In the present study, it is suggested that AcE may inhibit steroid-induced osteoblasts apoptosis, potentially via upregulation of Bcl-2 and downregulation of caspase-3. Allolobophora caliginosa extract demonstrates anti-apoptotic and anti-oxidant properties. Therefore, AcE may be used for the prevention of steroid-induced bone damage.

RESUMEN: La osteoporosis es una afección ósea caracterizada por una pérdida de masa ósea y una alteración de la microarquitectura ósea. Los hombres pierden densidad ósea a medida que envejecen, lo que resulta en huesos quebradizos. La pérdida de testosterona libre es factor clave en este proceso. El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar el extracto de Allolobophora caliginosa (AcE) debido a su actividad antiosteoporótica y antiapoptótica en un modelo de rata orquiectomizadas con dos niveles de dosis diferentes. Se dividieron veintiocho ratas macho en dos grupos. El primer grupo incluyó ratas con operación simulada, mientras que el segundo grupo se sometió a orquidectomía bilateral (OCX). Después de una semana de recuperación de la orquidectomía, el segundo grupo fue subdividido en 3 subgrupos. Al primer subgrupo de OCX se administró diariamente agua destilada por vía oral durante 10 semanas. Los otros dos subgrupos de OCX se administraron por vía oral AcE (100 o 200 mg / kg de peso corporal / día) durante 10 semanas. La orquidectomía induce una pérdida notable del hueso cortical y trabecular; el cual podría ser contrarrestado por el extracto de Allolobophora caliginosa (AcE) que previno la pérdida de hueso tanto cortical como trabecular visualizado en imágenes histológicas y estudio inmuno- histoquímico, donde se encontró que la dosis (100 mg / kg / día) era moderadamente significativa. En el presente estudio, se sugiere que la AcE puede inhibir la apoptosis de los osteoblastos inducida por esteroides, potencialmente a través de la regulación al alza de Bcl 2 y la regulación a la baja de caspasa 3. El extracto de Allolobophora caliginosa demuestra propiedades anti apoptóticas y antioxidantes. Por lo tanto, AcE puede usarse para la prevención del daño óseo inducido por esteroides.

Effects of different acetylsalicylic acid doses on body organs, histopathology, and serum biochemical parameters in broiler birds / Efeito de diferentes doses de ácido acetil salicílico nos orgãos corpóreos, histopalogia e parâmetros bioquímicos sorológicos em frangos de corte

The poultry industry suffers from various diseases or stresses. In poultry, apart from being antipyretic, acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) is widely used to cope with different issues including heat stress, and respiratory and digestive orders. This study evaluated the beneficial and toxic effects of ASA at different dose levels in broiler birds. To evaluate these toxic and beneficial effects it is necessary to examine the physical and serum biochemical parameters as well as the histopathological changes with tissue sections taken from broiler birds under experimental trial. This study was conducted on 60 one-day-old broiler chicks purchased from a local market in Faisalabad. Chicks were reared for the first 14 days under similar conditions. On the 15th day, birds were randomly divided into 4 groups (1-4) with 15 birds in each group. Group 4 was kept as control, while groups 1, 2, and 3 were treated with ASA at the dose of 300, 600, and 1200 mg/L of drinking water for 21 days. There were 3 samplings performed at 21, 28, and 35 days post-treatment. The live body weight and carcass weight were noted on each sampling. All the visceral organs were recorded for gross pathological changes. The serum samples were collected for biochemical evaluation. Histopathology of all the visceral organs was performed to observe the microscopic changes. A significant (P<0.05) increase in live body weight at a 300mg/L dose was noted after the first 2 samplings. A significant (P<0.05) increase in the relative organ weight was recorded at 1200 mg/L. The groups treated with ASA 600 and 1200 mg/L showed increased (P<0.05) AST, ALT, and creatinine levels from that of the control group. The group treated with 1200 mg/L of ASA showed increased (P<0.05) urea, serum total protein, and albumin level in all the samplings. Histopathological changes revealed swollen hepatocytes, increased sinusoidal spaces in the liver, congestion and abnormal glomerular spaces in the kidney, congestion and alveolar disruption in the lungs, and generation of villi and cellular degeneration in the intestine in a high-dose group. The study concluded that ASA at a low dose can be used for a long time in broilers and has a growth promontory role, while high-level doses cause hepatorenal toxicity.(AU)

A indústria avícola é afetada por diversas doenças ou estresses. Particularmente devido às aves serem antipiréticas. O ácido acetil salicílico (AAS) é largamente utilizado com diferentes objetivos que incluem o controle do estresse calórico, bem como a atividade respiratória e digestiva. O propósito deste estudo foi a avaliação dos efeitos benéficos e tóxicos do emprego de diferentes dosagens do AAS em frangos de corte. As variáveis analisadas foram: exame físico, parâmetros bioquímicos, bem como as alterações histopatológica em seções de tecidos colhidas das aves em um ensaio experimental. O estudo foi conduzido em 60 frangos de corte com um dia de idade adquiridos em um mercado local de Faisalabad que foram recriados nos primeiros 14 dias em idênticas condições. Então no 15º dia as aves foram distribuídas randomicamente em quatro grupos identificados pelos números 1 a 4, com 15 aves em cada grupo. O grupo 4 foi mantido como grupo controle e os grupos 1, 2 e 3 foram tratados com AAS, respectivamente, nas doses de 300, 600 e 1200 mg/L de água de bebida, durante 21 dias. Foram realizadas três amostragens nos dias 21, 28 e 35 pós-tratamento. O peso vivo corpóreo e da carcaça foi registrado em cada amostragem. Em todos os órgãos viscerais foi analisada a presença de alterações patológicas. As amostras de soro sanguíneo foram colhidas para a avaliação bioquímica. O exame histopatológico de todos os órgãos viscerais foi realizado para a observação de alterações microscópicas. A partir da segunda amostragem foi observado um aumento significante (p<0,05) no peso corpóreo na dosagem de 300mg/L. Um significante aumento no peso relativo dos órgãos foi registrado na dosagem de 1200 mg/L. Os grupos tratados com dosagens de 600 e 1200 mg/L de AAS, apresentaram aumento significante dos níveis de AST, ALT e de creatinina quando comparados ao grupo controle. O grupo tratado com 1200 mg/L de AAS apresentou um aumento significante (P,0,05) de uréia, proteína sérica total e de albumina em todas as amostragens. No grupo de alta dosagem foram observados alterações histopatológicas constituídas por aumento dos hepatócitos, aumento dos espaços sinusoidais no fígado, congestão e anormalidades nos espaços glomerulares nos rins, congestão e ruptura alveolar nos pulmões, degeneração das vilosidades e celular nos intestinos A conclusão obtida foi que em frangos de corte uma baixa dosagem do AAS pode ser utilizada por um período de longa duração, apresentando um efeito promotor do crescimento, contudo as doses elevadas determinam toxicidade hepática e renal.(AU)

Hallazgos histopatológicos en biopsia renal de pacientes con COVID-19 y compromiso renal / Histopathological findings in renal biopsy of patients with COVID-19 and renal involvement

Introducción. La lesión renal aguda (LRA) en el paciente con COVID-19 ocurre más frecuentemente en presencia de enfermedades crónicas como diabetes, obesidad, hipertensión arterial y enfermedad renal crónica previa, considerándose un fuerte predictor de resultados desfavorables y mortalidad. El propósito de este estudio fue describir las características histopatológicas en biopsias renales de pacientes hospitalizados por COVID-19, que experimentaron algún grado de daño renal durante su hospitalización. Metodología. Se incluyeron 30 pacientes mayores de 18 años, hospitalizados en diferentes centros de atención en Medellín, Colombia, con diagnóstico confirmado de COVID-19, sin antecedente de terapia de reemplazo renal, que durante la infección desarrollaron algún grado de daño renal, y que tuvieran estudio histopatológico de biopsia renal. Se analizaron las características demográficas, formas clínicas de presentación y hallazgos histopatológicos a nivel renal. Resultados. La mayoría de los pacientes eran de sexo masculino (70%). Los antecedentes patológicos más frecuentes fueron la enfermedad renal crónica previa (16,7%), diabetes mellitus (16,7%), trasplante renal (13,3%) y VIH (10%). El 35,7% de los pacientes no tenían ninguna comorbilidad subyacente. La manifestación clínica inicial más frecuente fue la LRA (56,7%). Algunos pacientes tuvieron más de una manifestación clínica inicial. El 100% de los pacientes evaluados tuvieron hallazgos histopatológicos renales, siendo la nefritis tubulointersticial aguda (40%) el más frecuente. Conclusión. Nuestro estudio no descarta una posible asociación del sexo masculino con peores desenlaces en la enfermedad COVID-19. La LRA fue el hallazgo clínico inicial más frecuente. Es posible que los hallazgos histopatológicos del presente estudio puedan ser consecuencia del daño directo a nivel tubulointersticial renal y la mala perfusión renal, dado el estado de choque por la tormenta inflamatoria, el empeoramiento de enfermedades preexistentes, o la superposición clínica con otras entidades. Sin embargo, son necesarios más estudios para dilucidar los mecanismos por los cuales se generan estas lesiones

Acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients with COVID-19 occurs more frequently in the presence of chronic diseases such as diabetes, obesity, hypertension, and previous chronic kidney disease, and is considered a strong predictor of unfavorable outcomes and mortality. The purpose of this study was to describe the histopathological characteristics in kidney biopsies from patients hospitalized for COVID-19, who experienced some degree of kidney damage during their hospitalization. Methodology. We included 30 patients over 18 years of age, hospitalized in different care centers in Medellín, Colombia, with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19, without a history of renal replacement therapy, who developed some degree of kidney disease during the infection, and had histopathological study of renal biopsy. Demographic characteristics, clinical manifestations and histopathological findings were analyzed. Results. Most of the patients were male (70%). The most frequent previous pathological findings were chronic kidney disease (16.7%), diabetes mellitus (16.7%), kidney transplant (13.3%) and HIV (10%). 35.7% of the patients did not have any underlying comorbidity. The most frequent initial clinical manifestation was AKI (56.7%). Some patients had more than one initial clinical manifestation. 100% of the patients had renal histopathological findings, with acute tubulointerstitial nephritis (40%) being the most frequent. Conclusion. Our study does not rule out a possible association of the male gender with worse outcomes in COVID-19 disease. AKI was the most common initial clinical finding. It is possible that the histopathological findings of this study may be a consequence of direct damage at the renal tubulointerstitial level and poor renal perfusion due to the inflammatory storm, worsening of pre-existing diseases, or clinical overlap with other entities. However, more studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms by which these lesions are generated