Evaluation of functioning and associated factors in children and adolescents with osteogenesis imperfecta / Avaliação da funcionalidade e fatores associados de crianças e adolescentes com osteogênese imperfeita

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the functioning and associated factors in children and adolescents with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI). Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted on 30 children and adolescents with OI. Medical records, use of bisphosphonates, socioeconomic status, handgrip strength, balance, joint hypermobility, ambulatory level, and the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory—Computer Adaptative Test (PEDI-CAT) scores were assessed. Data is presented as mean and standard deviation and Student's t-test or Mann-Whitney U test. Categorical data is presented as frequency and analyzed using Fisher's exact test. Within-group analyses were conducted using ANCOVA or Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Correlations used Kendall's Tau-b test. Results: The participants involved in this study were 6-18 years old. The sample was separated into two groups according to disease severity. The moderate/severe OI group (n=10) presented a lower height and muscular strength than the mild group (n=20). Muscle weakness was observed in all participants with OI when compared with the normal population. No differences were observed between the groups in the PEDI-CAT scores except for the mobility domain. There were correlations between the PEDI-CAT mobility domain and the number of fractures, OI type, weight, and balance; there was also a correlation between the PEDI-CAT daily activities, mobility, responsibility, and social/cognitive domains. Conclusions: The findings suggest that children with moderate/severe forms of OI can achieve the same function levels as children with mild OI. Fractures can have a major influence on the functional level, and treatment should focus on the prevention and rehabilitation of these events when they occur.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a funcionalidade e fatores associados em crianças e adolescentes com osteogênese imperfeita (OI). Métodos: Estudo transversal com 30 crianças e adolescentes com OI. Foram avaliados prontuários médicos, uso de bisfosfonatos, características socioeconômicas, dinamometria de preensão palmar, equilíbrio, hipermobilidade articular, nível de deambulação e escores do Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory - Computer Adaptative Test (PEDI-CAT). Os dados foram apresentados em média e desvio padrão e comparados por teste t por Mann-Whitney, enquanto os categóricos foram apresentados em frequência e comparados pelo teste exato de Fisher. Análises intragrupos foram realizadas por análise de covariância (ANCOVA) ou Teste de Wilcoxon para postos sinalizados. O teste Tau-b de Kendall foi usado para correlações. Resultados: A idade variou de 6 a 18 anos. A amostra foi dividida em dois grupos de acordo com a gravidade da doença. Casos moderados/graves (n=10) apresentaram menor estatura e força muscular comparadas às dos leves (n=20). Fraqueza muscular foi observada em todos os casos de OI quando comparados à população normal. Não houve diferença nos domínios do PEDI-CAT com exceção do domínio mobilidade. Houve correlação entre o número de fraturas, tipo de OI, peso e equilíbrio e o domínio mobilidade; e entre os domínios Atividades Diárias e Mobilidade e Responsabilidade e Social/cognitivo do PEDI-CAT. Conclusões: Nossos achados sugerem que crianças com OI moderada/severa podem atingir o mesmo nível de funcionalidade que crianças com a forma leve. Fraturas podem ter grande influência no nível de funcionalidade e o tratamento deve enfocar a prevenção e a reabilitação desses eventos.

Evaluación funcional de niños, niñas y adolescentes con diagnóstico de trastorno del espectro autista en Argentina: estudio multicéntrico TEA-CIFunciona / Functional assessment of children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder in Argentina: ICF-ASD multicenter study

Introducción. El trastorno del espectro autista (TEA) se caracteriza por dificultades de comunicación social y comportamientos repetitivos y estereotipados. Además de la categoría diagnóstica, las actividades que los niños, niñas y adolescentes (NNyA) pueden realizar y la participación social son los aspectos principales por considerar desde el marco de la Clasificación Internacional del Funcionamiento, la Discapacidad y la Salud (CIF), propuesta por la Organización Mundial de la Salud, para describir los estados de salud. En una investigación previa, elaboramos la primera versión de una herramienta pediátrica basada en la CIF llamada TEA-CIFunciona para evaluación funcional de NNyA con diagnóstico de TEA, que permitió captar características funcionales adaptadas a nuestro contexto cultural. Se propuso como objetivo posterior aplicar TEA-CIFunciona en formato multicéntrico para evaluar NNyA de diferentes regiones, revisar y actualizar la herramienta, e identificar barreras y facilitadores. Población y métodos. Se administró TEA-CIFunciona versión 1.0 a NNyA con diagnóstico confirmado de TEA (según criterios del DSM-5), menores de 16 años, en seguimiento en cinco centros de atención pediátrica del país. Resultados. Se obtuvo la versión 2.0 de TEA-CIFunciona con 34 categorías (10 funciones corporales, 15 actividades y participación, y 9 factores ambientales). Se elaboró el perfil funcional de la muestra completa (n = 308). Conclusiones. La versión actualizada de TEA-CIFunciona contribuye a estandarizar y a sistematizar la obtención de información necesaria para adecuar el seguimiento de los NNyA con TEA a nivel nacional. Además, permite identificar barreras por superar y facilitadores para generalizar

Introduction. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by difficulties in social communication and repetitive and stereotyped behaviors. In addition to the diagnostic category, the activities performed by children and adolescents and their social involvement are the main aspects to be considered according to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) proposed by the World Health Organization to describe health status. In a previous study, we developed the first version of a pediatric tool based on the ICF called ICF-ASD for the functional assessment of children and adolescents with ASD to capture functional characteristics adapted to our cultural setting. Our subsequent objective was to apply the ICF-ASD in a multicenter format to assess children and adolescents from different regions, review, and update it, and identify barriers and facilitators. Population and methods. The ICF-ASD version 1.0 was administered to children and adolescents younger than 16 years with a confirmed diagnosis of ASD (as per DSM-5 criteria), who were receiving follow-up at 5 children's health centers across Argentina. Results. Version 2.0 of the ICF-ASD was obtained, which included 34 categories (10 under body function, 15 under activities and participation, and 9 under environmental factors). A functional profile was developed for the whole sample (n = 308). Conclusions. The updated version of the ICF-ASD helps to standardize and systematize the collection of necessary data for an adequate follow-up of children and adolescents with ASD at a national level. It also allows to identify barriers to overcome and facilitators to be generalized

Correlation between postoperative cardiac risks factors, functionality and hospital length of stay / Correlação entre os fatores de risco cardíaco pós-operatórios, funcionalidade e tempo de internação

INTRODUÇÃO: Cardiac surgery (CS) may be associated with several organic repercussions responsible for the appearance of cardiac risk factors during the postoperative period. These, associated with prolonged hospital length of stay (LoS), may trigger critical manifestations in individuals undergoing this surgical procedure. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationships between postoperative cardiac risk factors, LoS, and changes in functioning state. METHODS: Patients undergoing reconstructive, substitutive, or corrective cardiac surgeries were evaluated. The presence of postoperative cardiovascular risks was assessed using the InsCor score, while LoS and functionality were collected from medical records. RESULTS: One-hundred patients with a mean age of 59.2±12.3 years were included. Significant correlations between functionality and both the hospital and Intensive Care Unit (ICU) LoS (p<0.0001, ρ=0.56; p=0.002, ρ=0.29, respectively), as well as between hospital LoS and the number of comorbidities (p=0.003, ρ=0.28) were found. No significant relationships were observed between the number of postoperative risk factors and LoS. CONCLUSION: Functionality and comorbidities are associated with increased hospital and ICU LoS in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.

INTRODUÇÃO: A cirurgia cardíaca (CC) pode estar associada a diversas repercussões orgânicas responsáveis pelo surgimento de fatores de risco cardíaco no pós-operatório. Estas, associadas ao tempo de internação hospitalar (TIH) prolongado, podem desencadear manifestações críticas em indivíduos submetidos a esse procedimento cirúrgico. OBJETIVO: Investigar a correlação entre os fatores de risco cardíaco pós-operatórios em CC, funcionalidade e o (TIH). MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados pacientes submetidos a CC reconstrutivas, substitutivas ou corretivas. A presença de riscos cardiovasculares pós-operatórios foi avaliada pelo escore da InsCor, enquanto o TIH e a funcionalidade foram coletados em prontuários médicos. RESULTADOS: Cem pacientes com idade média de 59,2±12,3 anos foram incluídos. Correlações significativas entre funcionalidade e TIH total e na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI) (p<0.0001, ρ=0.56; p=0.002, ρ=0.29, respectivamente), bem como entre o TIH e o número de comorbidades (p=0.003, ρ=0.28) foram encontradas. Não foram observadas correlações significativas entre o número de fatores de risco pós-operatórios e o TIH. CONCLUSÃO: O número de alterações funcionais e o número de comorbidades estão associados ao aumento do TIH total e na UTI em pacientes submetidos à CC.

Avaliação de incapacidade em pessoas com doença falciforme / Disability assessment in people with sickle cell / Evaluación de la discapacidad en personas con enfermedad de células falciformes

A expectativa de vida das pessoas com doença falciforme (DF) é baixa, e o agravamento da condição de saúde é frequente, gerando incapacidades. Todavia, pouco é conhecido sobre tais incapacidades com base na Classificação Internacional de Funcionalidade, Incapacidade e Saúde (CIF). Assim, o objetivo do estudo foi descrever as incapacidades de adultos com DF. Realizou-se um estudo transversal descritivo, com 60 adultos com DF, de ambos os sexos. Informações sociodemográficas, fatores clínicos relacionados ao tipo de DF foram autorreferidos pelos participantes. As incapacidades foram avaliadas por meio da Escala de Avaliação de Incapacidade da Organização Mundial da Saúde (WHODAS 2.0) nos seguintes domínios: cognição, mobilidade, autocuidado, relações interpessoais (convivência com as pessoas), atividades de vida e participação na sociedade. Em cada domínio, foi definida incapacidade quando o sujeito relatou dificuldade leve, moderada, grave ou extrema de desempenhar a tarefa. Os dados foram analisados por estatística descritiva (frequências relativas). Os resultados mostraram valores elevados em todos os domínios avaliados, com destaque para dificuldades de concentração (90%) e desempenho nas tarefas domésticas (93,3%) e impacto da situação de saúde nas finanças do sujeito/família (96,7%). Os dados deste estudo mostraram que adultos com DF apresentam elevados índices de incapacidade, especialmente no domínio cognitivo, nas atividades de vida e na participação social.

Life expectancy of people living with sickle cell disease (SCD) is in general low and the worsening of their health condition is frequent, resulting in disabilities. However, knowledge about those disabilities based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) is scarce. Thus, this study aimed to describe the disabilities of adults with SCD. A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out with 60 adults with SCD of both sexes. Sociodemographic and clinical factors related to the type of SCD were self-reported by the participants. Disabilities were assessed by the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS 2.0), in the following domains: cognition, mobility, selfcare, getting along with people, life activities, and participation in society. In each domain, disability was defined when the participant self-reported light, moderate, severe, extreme difficulty, or inability to perform the task. Data analysis included descriptive statistics (relative frequencies). The results showed high values in all domains evaluated, with emphasis on difficulties on concentrating (90%) and performing household chores (93.3%) and on the impact of health condition on subject/family's financial situation (96.7%). The data from this study shows that adults with SCD present high disability levels, especially on the cognitive domain, on life activities, and on social participation.

Las personas con enfermedad de células falciformes (ECF) tienen una baja esperanza de vida, y el empeoramiento de su estado de salud es frecuente, generando discapacidades. Sin embargo, estas discapacidades son poco conocidas según la Clasificación Internacional del Funcionamiento, de la Discapacidad y de la Salud (CIF). El objetivo de este estudio fue describir las discapacidades de adultos con ECF . Se realizó un estudio transversal, descriptivo, con 60 adultos con ECF, de ambos sexos. Los factores sociodemográficos y clínicos relacionados con el tipo de ECF fueron autoinformados. Las discapacidades se evaluaron mediante la Escala de Evaluación de la Discapacidad de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (WHODAS 2.0), en los dominios de cognición, movilidad, autocuidado, convivencia con personas, actividades de la vida y participación en la sociedad. La discapacidad se definió mediante un reporte de dificultad o incapacidad leve, moderada, grave, extrema del individuo para realizar una tarea. Los datos fueron analizados por estadística descriptiva (frecuencias relativas). Los resultados mostraron altos valores de discapacidad en todos los dominios evaluados, con énfasis en las dificultades de concentración (90%), el desempeño en las tareas domésticas (93,3%) y el impacto de la situación de salud en las finanzas del sujeto/familia (96,7%). Los datos de este estudio mostraron que los adultos con ECF tienen altas tasas de discapacidad, especialmente en los dominios cognitivo, actividades de la vida y participación social.

Communication disorders in children with autism spectrum disorder from speech language pathology perspective / 中国儿童保健杂志

Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) face varying degrees of difficulties in communication, language, and social interactions.This article analyzes the basic communication abilities, language development characteristics, and social pragmatic features of ASD children from the perspective of speech pathology, introduces corresponding assessment tools and proposes intervention strategies based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF). Meanwhile, this article emphasizes the adoption of a comprehensive intervention model that involves medical, family, and school components to enhance the communication, language, and social skills of this group comprehensively, with the aim of effectively improving their overall quality of life.

Building an inclusive education-oriented, ICF-based and multi-faceted education placement service for children with special needs: policy, theoretical framework and methodology / 中国康复理论与实践

ObjectiveTo explore the policy framework, theoretical system and principles of educational placement for children with special needs based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) for the multi-faceted educational placement services and methods for these children. MethodsBased on ICF theory and methods, public policy research techniques, and educational policy analysis, this study systematically investigated the policy architecture and theoretical underpinnings for the educational placement of children with special needs, focusing on an inclusive education-oriented system of multiple placements. ResultsThe study analyzed educational policies, emphasizing the rights to education under the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) and UNESCO's guidelines on ensuring inclusivity and equity in education which encourage the provision of individualized educational support services and reasonable accommodations to enable the effective participation of students with disablities in education. China, the European Union (EU) and the United States (US) have enacted laws and policies promoting inclusive education, integrating children with disablities into the general education system, and providing them with the same educational opportunities as other children. The development of special education focuses on tailored educational services for those children who need additional support and resources. Policies underscore the need to evaluate the specific needs of children with disablities and provide individualized educational plan based on these needs. ConclusionBased on core content from the CRPD, UNESCO's guidelines, and relevant policies from China, the EU, and the US regarding the education and educational placement services for children with special needs, the theoretical framework and principles of educational placement for children with special needs based on ICF are discussed, proposing contents and methods for constructing a multi-faceted educational placement service system for children with special needs.

Content and psychometric properties of children's motor function and activity measurements using ICF / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective To analyze the content and psychometric properties of measurement tools for children's gross motor function and activity. Methods Six measurement tools for children's gross motor function and activity were selected,including Gross Motor Function Measure(GMFM),Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency-Second Edition(BOT-2),Peabody Developmental Motor Scales-Second Edition(PDMS-2),Movement Assessment Battery for Children-Second Edition(MABC-2),Test of Gross Motor Development-Third Edition(TGMD-3)and Functional Movement Screen(FMS).International Classification of Functioning,Disability,and Health(ICF)linking rules,categories and coding were used to analyze the content of measurement dimensions and items of these six tools,and their psychometric properties were explored. Results For the body function,the content of these six tools primarily addressed neuromusculoskeletal and movement-re-lated functions(b7),such as mobility of joint functions(b710),stability of joint functions(b715),muscle power functions(b730),motor reflexes functions(b750),control of voluntary movement functions(b760),supportive functions of arm or leg(b7603)and gait patterns functions(b770).For the activities and participation,the content primarily addressed mobility(d4),such as changing and maintaining body positions(d410,d415),transferring oneself(d420),walking(d450),running(d4552),and jumping(d4553).GMFM was good in inter-rater and test-retest reliability;BOT-2 was good in inter-rater reliability,test-retest reliability and internal consistency;PDMS-2 was good in inter-rater and test-retest reliability;MABC-2 was good in test-retest reliability and internal consis-tency with an excellent model fit;TGMD-3 was good in internal consistency and test-retest reliability;and FMS was good in internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Conclusion The six tools for motor and activity function measurement primarily concern neuro-musculoskeletal and movement-related functions(b7)for ICF body function,and mobility(d4)for activities and participation.PDMS-2 is suggested for a comprehensive evaluation of children's motor functions and activities;TGMD-3 and GMFM for gross motor functions;and BOT-2,MABC-2 and FMS for motor development,coordination and functional movement patterns.BOT-2,PDMS-2,MABC-2 and TGMD-3 are norm-referenced measures,whereas GMFM and FMS are criterion-referenced.Norm-referenced tools,due to their established norms tailored for various ob-jectives,boast superior psychometric properties and wider applications.All the six tools exhibit good to excellent reliability,and internal consistency coefficients ranging from moderate to excellent.Their validity also spans from moderate to excellent.

Reliability of ICF dysfunction combination in rehabilitated inpatients / 中国现代医生

@#Objective To explore the inter-rater and within-rater reliability of the 30 categories of the International Classification of Functioning Disability,and Health(ICF)dysfunction set(ICF generic-30 set)in clinical function assessment,to provide a basis for its clinical application.Methods Ninety patients from the Neurorehabilitation Department of the First People's Hospital of Suqian City were enrolled in this study.All patients were evaluated by the same functional evaluator's ICF dysfunction combination at the two time points of admission and discharge for the internal reliability analysis of the evaluator.Thirty patients in the neurorehabilitation department were randomly selected to be evaluated by two ICF function evaluators at the same time to conduct test-retest reliability analysis among evaluators.The internal consistency of the Cronbach's α coefficient test scale,and the intra-group correlation coefficient(ICC)test inter-rater reliability and within-rater reliability.Results The Cronbach's α coefficients of the combination of ICF dysfunction,physical function and activity,and participation in the two subscales were 0.941,0.717,and 0.942,respectively.The inter-rater reliability analysis showed that the ICC of the total score of the scale and the total scores of physical function and activity and participation in the two subscales were 0.998,0.971,0.999(P<0.01),and the inter-rater reliability good;the internal reliability analysis of the evaluator showed that the total score of the scale and the total scores of physical function and activity and participation in the two subscales were 0.988,0.917,0.991(P<0.01),except that b640 sexual function is not applicable,and b130 energy Harmony drive function ICC is 0.558,b280 pain ICC is 0.409,ICC of other combination items is 0.838-0.986(P<0.01),the evaluator's internal reliability is good;90 patients'ICF dysfunction combination scale has 30 categories.The comparison between admission and discharge was statistically significant except that b640 was not applicable for sexual function(P<0.05).Conclusion The combination of ICF dysfunction has good internal consistency and inter-evaluator and intra-evaluator reliability in the functional evaluation of patients in neurorehabilitation department.

Functioning in victims of non-fatal traffic accident / Funcionalidade em vítimas não fatais de acidente de trânsito

Abstract Introduction Traffic accidents are a problem for the health system and society, evidenced by the high rates of deaths, hospitalizations and care in health services due to serious injuries and disabilities, affecting the functioning and quality of life of individuals. Objective To identify outcome measures in studies on victims of non-fatal traffic accidents, to fulfill the first step in the development of a Core Set of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) for victims of non-fatal traffic accidents. Methods A systematic review of published articles was carried out in the electronic databases PubMed/MEDLINE and SciELO, between 2011 and 2022, using terms in English. The search strategy combined terms about the consequences of traffic accidents in adults. The selection of articles was carried out by two independent reviewers, applying the eligibility criteria. Results A total of 626 studies were located in the databases, and 91 articles were included in the review. The consequences observed in the studies were injuries, fractures and trauma. When extracting outcome measures, 780 concepts were identified, linked to a total of 124 ICF categories, in the components: body function (30 categories); body structure (72 categories); activity and participation (20 categories); and environmental factors (two categories). Conclusion This systematic review revealed that the main consequences of non-fatal traffic accidents for victims are in the body structures related to the movement, mobility and stability of joints.

Resumo Introdução Os acidentes de trânsito são um problema para o sistema de saúde e para a sociedade, evidenciado pelas altas taxas de óbito, internações e atendimento nos serviços de saúde em função das lesões graves e incapacidades, repercutindo na funcionalidade e qualidade de vida dos indivíduos. Objetivo Identificar medidas de desfecho nos estudos sobre vítimas não fatais de acidentes de trânsito, para cumprir a primeira das etapas no desenvolvimento de um core set da Classificação Internacional de Funcionalidade, Incapacidade e Saúde (CIF) para vítimas não fatais de acidentes de trânsito. Métodos Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática cuja busca foi feita nas bases de dados PubMed/MEDLINE e SciELO, entre 2011 e 2022, utilizando termos em inglês. A estratégia de busca combinou termos sobre as consequências dos acidentes de trânsito em adultos. A seleção dos artigos deu-se por dois revisores independentes, aplicando os critérios de elegibilidade. Resultados Foram localizados 626 estudos nas bases de dados e incluídos, na revisão, 91 artigos. As consequências observadas nos estudos foram lesões, fraturas e traumas. Na extração das medidas de desfecho, 780 conceitos foram identificados, vinculados a um total de 124 categorias da CIF nos componentes: função do corpo (30 categorias); estrutura do corpo (72 categorias); atividade e participação (20 categorias); e fatores ambientais (duas categorias). Conclusão Esta revisão sistemática revelou que as principais consequências dos acidentes de trânsito para as vítimas não fatais estão nas estruturas do corpo relacionadas ao movimento e à mobilidade e estabilidade das articulações.

Hearing and functioning: An analysis of the context of a hearing rehabilitation service based on the International Classification of Functioning / Audição e funcionalidade: Análise do contexto de um serviço de reabilitação auditiva com base na Classificação Internacional de Funcionalidade

ABSTRACT Purpose: to verify the association between types and degrees of hearing loss and demographic factors and categories of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health, related to "Body Structures and Functions" and "Activities and Participation." Methods: a cross-sectional, analytical, observational study with a nonprobabilistic sample, developed with secondary data, according to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health, obtained from the medical records of patients assessed for hearing rehabilitation at a specialized rehabilitation center. Descriptive and bivariate analyses were performed. Association analyses used Pearson's chi-square test, with the significance level set at 5%. Results: the study analyzed 122 medical records, which revealed a predominance of women, a sensorineural hearing loss of a moderately severe degree and progressive history. The type of hearing loss was associated with three categories of Body Structures and Functions and three categories of Activities and Participation. The degrees of hearing loss were associated with 10 categories of Body Structures and Functions and six categories of Activities and Participation. Conclusion: types and degrees of hearing loss are associated with Body Structures and Functions and Activities and Participation, further impairing communication.

RESUMO Objetivo: verificar a associação do tipo e grau de perda auditiva com os fatores demográficos e as categorias da Classificação Internacional de Funcionalidade, Incapacidade e Saúde relativas a "Estruturas e Funções do Corpo" e "Atividades e Participação". Métodos: trata-se de estudo observacional, analítico e transversal, com amostra não probabilística, desenvolvido com dados secundários, embasados na Classificação Internacional de Funcionalidade, Incapacidade e Saúde, obtidos no prontuário de usuários submetidos à avaliação para reabilitação auditiva, em um Centro Especializado em Reabilitação. Foram realizadas análises descritiva e bivariada. Para as análises de associação, foi utilizado o teste Qui-quadrado de Pearson com o nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: foram analisados 122 prontuários, que revelaram predominância de mulheres, perda auditiva do tipo neurossensorial de grau moderadamente severo e história progressiva. O tipo de perda auditiva apresentou associação com três categorias de Estruturas e Funções do corpo e três categorias de Atividades e Participação. Em relação ao grau da perda auditiva, dez categorias foram associadas com as Estruturas e Funções do corpo e seis categorias com as Atividades e Participação. Conclusão: o tipo e grau da perda auditiva associam-se com as Estruturas e Funções do corpo e com as Atividades e Participação, com maior prejuízo na comunicação.

Rehabilitation interventions targeting the activity and participation of patient with neuromuscular diseases: what do we know? A systematic review / Reabilitação com foco na atividade e participação para pessoas com doenças neuromusculares: o que sabemos? Uma revisão sistemática

Abstract Background To be objective and achievable, the rehabilitation goals must be focused on the functional expectations of patients with neuromuscular disease (NMD). Objective Investigate rehabilitation programs that are able to modify the activity/participation of patients with NMD. Data search: Embase, BVS/Lilacs, Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), CINAHL/EBSCO, and Medline were searched in June 2021. It was last updated in March 2023. Methods Randomized controlled trials investigating any rehabilitation therapy for patients with NMD with an outcome encompassing the activity/participation components of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) were included. Pharmacological therapy studies were excluded. The results were synthesized according to the ICF core sets for NMD. The methodological quality and level of evidence were assessed using PEDro criteria and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE). This systematic review followed the PRISMA 2020 guideline and was registered at PROSPERO (CRD42020209359). Results Of a total of 1943 identified studies, 12 were included in this review with a methodological quality between regular and good. Light to moderate-intensity aerobic exercise was the most studied intervention. The mobility was assessed in all included studies. Conclusion The variability of the types of NMD and the small sample size of the included studies demonstrates that there is very limited evidence of interventions focused on the activity/participation of individuals with NMD. Light to moderate-intensity aerobic exercise seems to improve the mobility, self-care, and social participation of patients with NMD, especially those with slow progression.

Resumo Antecedentes As metas de reabilitação devem ser focadas nas expectativas funcionais de pessoas com doenças neuromusculares (DNM) para que sejam objetivas e alcançáveis. Objetivo Investigar programas de reabilitação capazes de modificar a atividade/participação de pessoas com DNM. Foi realizada busca nas bases de dados: Embase, BVS/Lilacs, Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), CINAHL/EBSCO e Medline em junho/2021. A última atualização foi realizada em março de 2023. Métodos Foram incluídos estudos clínicos randomizados investigando qualquer terapia de reabilitação para pessoas com DNM com desfecho voltado para atividade/participação da Classificação Internacional de Funcionalidade e Saúde (CIF). Terapias farmacológicas foram excluídas. Os resultados foram sintetizados de acordo com os Core Sets da CIF para DNM. A qualidade metodológica e o nível de evidência foram avaliados usando os critérios PEDro e Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE). Esta revisão sistemática foi registrada na PROSPERO (CRD42020209359). Resultados De 1943 estudos identificados, 12 foram incluídos com uma qualidade metodológica entre regular e boa. O exercício aeróbio de intensidade leve a moderada foi a intervenção mais estudada. A mobilidade foi avaliada em todos os estudos incluídos. Conclusão A variabilidade dos tipos de DNM e o baixo número amostral dos estudos incluídos contribuem para uma evidência muito limitada de intervenções focadas na atividade/participação de pessoas com DNM. O exercício aeróbio de baixa a moderada intensidade parece melhorar a mobilidade, autocuidado e participação de pessoas com DNM, especialmente para as DNM de progressão lenta.

Language functioning in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A scoping review / Funcionalidade da linguagem no transtorno do espectro do autismo: uma revisão de escopo

ABSTRACT Purpose: to map and synthesize scientific evidence on language functioning in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder Autism Spectrum Disorder. Methods: this scoping review aimed at mapping and synthesizing scientific evidence on language functioning in children and adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder. A research question, article selection, and compilation of results were used as research strategies. The selection criteria were studies with samples of children and adolescents, addressing Autism Spectrum Disorder, speech-language-hearing therapy, communication, language, and functioning. After independent evaluators read the titles, keywords, abstracts, and full texts, they recorded the following data for the review: year of publication, type of study, country of origin, sample size, age of participants, instruments used, language subsystems assessed, and results. Literature review: the search found 1,056 articles, of which 536 were read in full, and 16 were included. There was great variability in assessment instruments and few studies involving adolescents. Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder had changes in language functioning related to pragmatics, morphosyntax, semantics, and phonology. Conclusion: the preliminary evidence map indicates that children and adolescents with ASD have a variety of language changes.

RESUMO Objetivo: mapear e sintetizar evidências científicas sobre a funcionalidade da linguagem em crianças e adolescentes com Transtorno do Espectro do Autismo. Métodos: trata-se de revisão de escopo com objetivo de mapear e sintetizar evidências científicas sobre a funcionalidade da linguagem em crianças e adolescentes com Transtorno do Espectro do Autismo. Como estratégia de pesquisa, utilizaram-se a pergunta norteadora, a seleção de artigos e compilação dos resultados. Os critérios de seleção foram: estudos com amostras de crianças e adolescentes que abordavam Transtorno do Espectro do Autismo, Fonoaudiologia, comunicação, linguagem e funcionalidade. Após leitura dos títulos, descritores e resumos por avaliadores independentes e leitura dos artigos na íntegra, os dados registrados para a revisão foram: ano de publicação, tipo de estudo, país de origem, tamanho amostral, idade dos participantes, instrumentos utilizados, subsistemas de linguagem avaliados e resultados. Revisão da Literatura: foram levantados 1.056 artigos, 536 foram lidos na íntegra e 16 foram incluídos. Houve grande variabilidade de instrumentos de avaliação e poucos estudos envolvendo adolescentes. Indivíduos com Transtorno do Espectro do Autismo apresentaram alterações na funcionalidade da linguagem relacionadas a pragmática, morfossintaxe, semântica e fonologia. Conclusão: o mapa preliminar de evidências indica que crianças e adolescentes com Transtorno do Espectro do Autismo apresentam diversidade de alterações na linguagem.

Aplicação das regras de vinculação da Classificação Internacional de Funcionalidade, Incapacidade e Saúde com a Avaliação Geriátrica Ampla / Linking the content of the Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment of a reference center for the health of the elderly with the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health

Objetivo: Vincular o conteúdo da Avaliação Geriátrica Ampla (AGA) de um centro de referência na saúde da pessoa idosa com a Classificação Internacional de Funcionalidade, Incapacidade e Saúde (CIF) e apresentar seu Conjunto Básico de categorias da CIF. Método: A AGA foi vinculada à CIF por dois especialistas, treinados de acordo com as regras de vinculação estabelecidas. A concordância entre os especialistas foi determinada com base no índice kappa de Cohen. Resultados: A concordância entre os especialistas foi considerada perfeita para cada domínio da CIF (k= 0,91; p<0,00; concordância= 93,32%). A AGA continha 419 itens, sendo que 106 não puderam ser vinculados à CIF, por estarem associados a condições de saúde ou não se enquadrarem nas categorias da CIF. Foi verificado que 313 estavam ligados aos domínios da CIF e que 181 (60,13%) estavam relacionados às funções do corpo, 18 (5,98%) às estruturas do corpo, 73 (24,258%) à atividade e participação, 30 (9,97%) a fatores ambientais e 11 (3,51%) aos fatores pessoais. Conclusões: A CIF pode ser inserida em contextos específicos dos serviços de saúde sendo viável a vinculação da CIF com formulários elaborados pelos próprios serviços de saúde. A correspondência entre um instrumento de avaliação geriátrico e a CIF potencializa discussões de casos, planos terapêuticos e cuidado continuado. A dinâmica do processo de cuidado padronizado pela CIF pode facilitar a ampliação do cuidado e estabelecimento de metas terapêuticas que ultrapassem o contexto do serviço e alcancem a esfera familiar e social.

Objective: Linking the content of the Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA) of a reference center for the health of the elderly with the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) and present its Basic Set of ICF codes. Method: The AGA were linked to the ICF by two specialists, trained according to the established linking rules. Agreement between the health professionals was determined based on Cohen's kappa index. Results: The agreement between the two health professionals was considered perfect for each ICF domain (k= 0.91; p<0.00; agreement= 93.32%). The AGA contained 419 items, 106 of which could not be linked to the ICF, as they were associated with health conditions or did not fit into any category. It was found that 313 were linked to the ICF domains and that 181 (60.13%) were related to body functions, 18 (5.98%) to body structures, 73 (24.258%) to activity and participation, 30 (9.97%) to environmental factors and 11 (3.51%) to personal factors. Conclusions: The ICF can be inserted in specific contexts of health services, making it feasible to link the ICF with forms prepared by the health services themselves. The correspondence between a geriatric assessment instrument and the ICF enhances case discussions, therapeutic plans and continued care. The dynamics of the care process standardized by the ICF can facilitate the expansion of care and the establishment of therapeutic goals that go beyond the context of the service and reach the family and social sphere.

Aplicabilidade da Classificação Internacional de Funcionalidade e Incapacidade e Saúde em unidades de emergência e cuidados intensivos: uma revisão sistemática / Applicability of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health in emergency and intensive care units: a systematic review

A Classificação Internacional de Funcionalidade e Incapacidade e Saúde (CIF), surgiu para proporcionar uma linguagem estruturada e padronizada para descrever os diferentes estados relacionados à saúde dos indivíduos. Objetivo: Realizar uma revisão da literatura nacional e internacional acerca da aplicabilidade e uso da CIF no ambiente de emergência e cuidados intensivos. Método: Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática, realizada nas bases de dados PUBMED, LILACS e MEDLINE, com artigos publicados nos últimos 10 anos (período de 2011 a 2021), que utilizaram a CIF, Core sets ou conceitos da CIF como medida de desfecho em ambiente de cuidados agudos: emergências e Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI), em indivíduos adultos. Resultados: Foram identificados 11.373 estudos dos quais foram selecionados 14 estudos. Ao todo a amostra foi de 5.046 indivíduos, sendo 406 profissionais da saúde e 4.640 pacientes em diferentes condições de saúde. A maioria dos estudos (50%) foram realizados exclusivamente em UTI. Foi observado que 11 estudos utilizaram versões curtas e resumidas da CIF em Core sets e 5 deles contemplaram todos os 4 domínios da CIF (função e estrutura do corpo, atividade e participação e fatores ambientais). Conclusão: Devido a sua extensão e complexidade, o uso da CIF na emergência e cuidados intensivos tem sido adaptada e aplicada em versões curtas. Os core sets da CIF se mostraram uma ferramenta útil, aplicável em diferentes perfis de paciente críticos e permitiu fornecer informações de funcionalidade e incapacidade durante a internação e para a tomada de decisão das metas de reabilitação.

The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) emerged to provide a structured and standardized language to describe the different states related to the health of individuals. Objective: To propose a review of the national and international literature about the applicability and use of the ICF in the emergency and intensive care environment. Method: A systematic review was performed on the PUBMED, LILACS and MEDLINE databases, with articles published in the last 10 years (from 2011 to 2021), which used the ICF, Core sets ICF or ICF concepts as a measure of outcome in an acute care environment: emergencies and Intensive Care Unit (ICU), in adult individuals. Results: 11,373 studies were identified, of which 14 studies were selected. In all, the sample comprised 5,046 individuals, including 406 health professionals and 4,640 patients with different health conditions. Most studies (50%) were performed exclusively in the ICU. It was observed that 11 studies used short and summarized versions of the ICF in Core sets and in 5 studies all four domains of the ICF were used (body function and structure, activity and participation and environmental factors). Conclusion: Because it is extensive and complex, the use of the ICF in emergency and intensive care has been adapted to short versions. The ICF core sets proved to be a useful tool, applicable to different profiles of critically ill patients and allowed providing information on functionality and disability during hospitalization and when deciding on rehabilitation goals.

Linguagem e funcionalidade pela CIF e grupo fonoaudiológico na percepção de pessoas com Doença de Parkinson / Lenguaje y funcionalidade por la CIF y grupo fonoaudiológico en la percepción de personas con Enfermedad de Parkinson / Language, functioning by ICF and SLP group intervention in the perception of people with Parkinson Disease

Introdução: O envelhecimento e a presença de doenças crônicas como a Doença de Parkinson (DP) podem gerar incapacidade e afetar a vida da pessoa, sendo que a Classificação Internacional de Funcionalidade, Incapacidade e Saúde (CIF), na perspectiva biopsicossocial, permite conhecer a funcionalidade na DP. Objetivo: Investigar a funcionalidade de pessoas com Doença de Parkinson em atendimento fonoaudiológico grupal, tomando a CIF como base conceitual. Método: Pesquisa transversal, aprovada pelo CEP, com 10 participantes com DP, em atendimento fonoaudiológico grupal. Foi elaborado roteiro de entrevista para coleta do perfil sociodemográfico e questionário autoaplicável para coleta da autopercepção nas categorias da CIF em entrevistas com os participantes em três encontros grupais videogravados, com duração de 35 minutos cada. Para estabelecimento de parâmetros de referência, duas juízas fonoaudiólogas classificaram as respostas nas mesmas categorias. Resultados: Os participantes relataram prejuízos em Funções do Corpo (voz, articulação, fluência e do ritmo da fala, movimentos involuntários), dificuldades em Atividades e Participação (fala, conversação, uso fino da mão, andar, vestir-se, realização de tarefas domésticas, e recreação e lazer) e barreiras nos Fatores Ambientais. Em 60% dos casos a concordância entre participantes e juízas foi discreta, 30% regular, e em um caso (10%) foi forte. Conclusão: Os resultados mostram as dificuldades de linguagem e de funcionalidade na percepção das próprias pessoas com DP, conferindo um caráter original à pesquisa por dar voz a elas e trazer subsídios para o cuidado centrado na pessoa, transpondo, assim, a visão biomédica da atenção centrada na doença. (AU)

ntroduction: Aging and the presence of chronic diseases such as Parkinson's Disease (PD) can generate disability and affect a person's life, and the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), from a biopsychosocial perspective, allows studying the functioning in PD. Objective: To investigate the functioning of people with PD in a speech-language pathology (SLP) group, taking the ICF as a conceptual basis. Method: Cross-sectional study, approved by the Ethics Committee, with 10 participants with PD, in SLP group. An interview script was developed to collect the sociodemographic profile and a self-administered questionnaire to collect self- perception in the ICF categories in interviews with participants in three videotaped group meetings, lasting 35 minutes each. To establish a reference parameter, two SLP with experience in the ICF (judges) classified the answers in the same categories. Results: Participants reported impairments in Body Functions (voice, articulation, fluency and rhythm of speech, involuntary movements), difficulties in Activities and Participation (speech, conversation, fine use of the hand, walking, dressing, performing household chores, and recreation and leisure) and barriers in Environmental Factors. In 60% of the cases, the agreement between participants and judges was slight, 30% regular, and in one case (10%) it was strong. Conclusion: The results showed language and functioning difficulties in the perception of people with PD, giving an original character to the research by giving them a voice and bringing subsidies to person-centered care, thus transposing the biomedical view of disease-centered care. (AU)

Introducción: El envejecimiento y la presencia de enfermedades crónicas como la Enfermedad de Parkinson (EP) pueden generar incapacidad y afectar a la vida de la persona, siendo que en la Clasificación Internacional del Funcionamiento, Incapacidad y Salud (CIF), en la perspectiva biopsicosocial, permite conocer el funcionamiento en la EP. Objetivo: Investigar el funcionamiento de personas con EP en la intervención fonoaudiológica grupal, tomando la CIF como base conceptual. Método: Estudio transversal aprobado por el CEP (Comité de Ética) con 10 participantes con EP, en tratamiento fonoaudilógico grupal. Se elaboró un guion de entrevista para colección de perfil sociodemográfico y un cuestionario autoaplicable para recopilar la autopercepción en las categorías de la CIF en entrevistas con los participantes en tres encuentros grupales videograbados, con una duración promedio de 35 minutos cada uno. Para establecer parámetros de referencia, dos juezas fonoaudiólogas clasificaron las respuestas en las mismas categorías. Resultados: Los participantes informaron déficit en las Funciones del Cuerpo (voz, articulación, fluidez y ritmo del habla, movimientos involuntarios), dificultades en las Actividades y Participación (habla, conversación, uso fino de la mano, caminar, vestirse, realizar las tareas domésticas, y recreación y ocio) y barreras en Factores Ambientales. En el 60% de los casos la concordancia entre participantes y juezas fue discreta, en el 30% fue regular y en un caso (10%) fue fuerte. Conclusión: Los resultados mostraron las dificultades de lenguaje y funcionamiento en la percepción de las propias personas con EP, dando un carácter original al estudio por darles voz y traer subsidios para el cuidado centrado en la persona, transponiendo así, la visión biomédica de la atención centrada en la enfermedad. (AU)

Adhesive Capsulitis' Patients Report Improvement in Functionality Trough International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health Checklist and Dash After Suprascapular Nerve Blocks / Pacientes com capsulite adesiva relatam melhora da funcionalidade pela Classificação Internacional de Funcionalidade, Incapacidade e Saúde e DASH após bloqueios do nervo supraescapular

Abstract Objective To evaluate the functionality in patients with adhesive capsulitis undergoing suprascapular nerve block (SSNB). Methods A before-and-after clinical prospective study in a single center was conducted with patients with secondary adhesive capsulitis treated with four nerve blocks based on anatomical limits. The sample was non-probabilistic, and it was obtained after a routine appointment at a specialized outpatient clinic. The instruments used for evaluation were the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) and the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) questionnaire, which were applied at baseline (T0), one week after the fourth SSNB (T4), and three months after the first SSNB (T12). The paired t-test was used to compare the means of the ICF checklist items and DASH in the different: T0xT4;T4xT12;and T0xT12). The probability of rejecting the null hypothesis was 5%. Results The sample was composed of 25 individuals with a mean age of 58.16 years; 16 of them were female. The duration of the pain symptoms ranged from 2 to 16 months, with a mean of 5.92 months. The ICF checklist showed that all domains had already improved in T4 except for the environmental factors, which only improved at 03 months (p = 0.037). The patients reported improvements in shoulder function in T4, which increased more in T12, at the end of data collection (p = 0.019). Conclusion The SSNB technique is effective in patients with adhesive capsulitis after4 weeks of application, with improvements in individual's functionality lasting for 12 weeks.

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar a funcionalidade em pacientes com capsulite adesiva submetidos a bloqueio do nervo supraescapular (BNSE). Métodos Um estudo clínico prospectivo do tipo antes e depois foi realizado em um único centro com pacientes com capsulite adesiva secundária tratados com quatro bloqueios baseados em limites anatômicos. A amostra foi não probabilística, tendo sido obtida após consulta de rotina em ambulatório especializado. Os instrumentos utilizados para avaliação foram a Classificação Internacional de Funcionalidade, Incapacidade e Saúde (CIF) e o questionário de Disfunções do Braço, Ombro e Mão (DASH), que foram aplicados antes da intervenção (T0), uma semana após o quarto BNSE (T4),etrêsapósoprimeiroBNSE(T12).AsmédiasdositensdaCIFedoDASHnos diferentes tempos (T0 x T4; T4 x T12; e T0 x T12) foram comparadas por meio do teste t pareado. A probabilidade de rejeitar a hipótese nula foi de 5%. Resultados A amostra foi composta por 25 indivíduos com média de idade de 58,16 anos; 16 eram mulheres. A duração dos sintomas dolorosos variou de 2 a 16 meses, com média de 5,92 meses. A CIF mostrou que todos os domínios já haviam melhorado em T4 à exceção dos fatores ambientais, que só melhoraram aos 3 meses (p = 0,037). Os pacientes já relataram melhora na função do ombro em T4 emaisainda em T12,ao finaldacoletadedados (p = 0,019). Conclusão A técnica de BNSE é eficaz em pacientes com capsulite adesiva após 4 semanas de aplicação, com melhora da funcionalidade do indivíduo e sua manutenção até 12 semanas.

Comprehensive spoken communication function of children with disabilities based on ICF-CY / 中国康复理论与实践

ObjectiveTo investigate the comprehensive spoken communication performance of children with disabilities, and explore the related individual and environmental factors. MethodsFrom August to November, 2022, questionnaires of Communication Function Scale for Children based on ICF-CY were distributed online to parents of healthy children and children with disabilities aged two years to five years and eleven months in Shanghai, Nanjing and other areas. ResultsA total of 500 copies were sent out, and 407 valid questionnaires were returned, including 84 healthy children, 85 with hearing impairment, 119 with mental retardation, 35 with cerebral palsy and 84 with autism. There were significant differences in the comprehensive spoken communication function performance among the children with different impairment types (F = 127.618, P < 0.001). The comprehensive spoken communication ability was significantly poorer in the children with disabilities than in the healthy children (P < 0.05), and the ability was better in hearing-impaired children than in the children with other disabilities (P < 0.05). The higher the education of mother (r = -0.311, P < 0.001) and father (r = -0.280, P < 0.001), and family annual income (r = -0.228, P < 0.001), the better the children's comprehensive spoken communication performance; the children's comprehensive spoken communication performance was better when the family used Putonghua as unified communication language (r = 0.210, P < 0.001). ConclusionThe comprehensive spoken communication performance for children with disabilities is heterogeneous among different impairment types, and is affected by parents' education, family annual income, and family communication language.

Telerehabilitation for patients with coronary heart disease based on ICF: a scoping review / 中国康复理论与实践

ObjectiveTo analyze the application of telerehabilitation in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) based on the theories and methods of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). MethodsLiteratures on the application of telerehabilitation in patients with CHD from databases of PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI, and Wanfang data were retrieved from establishment to May 5th, 2022. Scoping review methods were used to analyze the intervention measures, evaluation methods and indicators, rehabilitation outcomes, and influencing factors on patients with CHD based on ICF. ResultsA total of 4 172 literatures were retrieved, and 15 of them from five countries were enrolled. They were almost published in journals on medical and public health, from 2015 to 2022. The main elements of telerehabilitation included nine items: the establishment of telerehabilitation group, the establishment of personal health profiles, physical activity, exercise monitoring, provision of relevant knowledge, communication and guidance from professionals, provision of psychological support, self-report and supervision and reminder of medical staff. According to the ICF framework, telerehabilitation promoted the function of patients with CHD mainly in body function (including b1 mental functions, b4 function of the cardiovascular, hematological, immunological and respiratory systems, b5 functions of the digestive, metabolic and endocrine systems, and b7 neuromusculoskeletal and movement-related functions) and activity and participation (including d2 general tasks and demands, d4 mobility, d7 interpersonal interactions and relationships, d8 major life areas, and d9 community, social and civic life). The factors affecting the activity and participation of patients with CHD contained environmental factors and personal factors, mainly including e1 products and technology, e3 support and relationships, e4 attitudes, and e5 service, systems and policies. ConclusionThis paper summarized nine items of telerehabilitation for patients with CHD, and analyzed the effects and related influencing factors of telerehabilitation on patients with CHD based on ICF.

Health and functioning benefits of aerobic exercise rehabilitation for substance abuse-induced mental and behavioral disorders: a systematic review / 中国康复理论与实践

ObjectiveTo examine the interventions and health benefits of aerobic exercise for substance abusers using International Classification of Diseases, Eleventh Revision (ICD-11) and International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) framework. MethodsThe PICO framework was developed and randomized controlled trials were searched in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and CNKI dated from the inception of the databases to April, 2023. Then a systematic review was conducted. ResultsSeven randomized controlled trials involving 498 participants from three countries were included. The studies were mainly published in international journals such as International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, Psychiatry Research, Mental Health and Physical Activity, BMC Sports Science, and Medicine and Rehabilitation, and covered the period from 2010 to 2022. The substance abusers in the included studies were classified into seven categories of mental and behavioral disorders, including methamphetamine dependence, cocaine dependence, cannabis dependence, opioid dependence, sedative dependence, heroin dependence, and ketamine dependence. Aerobic exercise activities included running, cycling, Tai Chi, Qigong, yoga, jumping rope, climbing, etc., with a frequency of 20 to 60 minutes per session, one to ten times per week. The activity intensity was mainly concentrated in moderate to high intensity, and the duration ranged from 12 to 48 weeks. The health outcomes were evaluated in six aspects: physical motor function, cognitive function, emotional functioning, medication cravings, physical fitness, and overall function and quality of life. ConclusionBased on ICD-11 and ICF, a theoretical framework was constructed to evaluate the health effects of aerobic exercise for substance abusers. Aerobic exercise could improve flexibility and balance, grip strength, vertical jump height, and sit and reach distance, as well as enhance physical fitness, strength, flexibility, speed and agility in substance abusers' physical function. In terms of cognitive function, aerobic exercise could help to improve working memory, attention and executive function, as well as cognitive and neurological functions. Aerobic exercise rehabilitation could also improve psychological health, such as anxiety, depression and fatigue, and increase the ability to resist substance dependence in substance abusers. In addition, aerobic exercise rehabilitation could improve physical fitness, such as body mass, blood pressure and blood lipid levels, and reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, diabetes and other diseases. It could also improve overall social function, increase social adaptability and quality of life, and reduce the risk of substance abuse relapse in substance abusers.

Health benefits of integrating physical activity with chronic disease management in community-dwelling older adults: a scoping review / 中国康复理论与实践

ObjectiveTo construct a health intervention model for community-dwelling older adults with chronic diseases based on the International Classification of Diseases, Eleventh Revision (ICD-11) and the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), and to analyze the health outcomes of three types of intervention models that integrate physical activity and chronic disease management. MethodsA scoping review was conducted by searching CNKI, Web of Science, PubMed and EBSCO databases for literature on community-based management of chronic diseases, physical activity, exercise rehabilitation, physical activity prescription intervention and related health outcomes up to May, 2023. ResultsEight studies from four countries were included, involving 568 randomized controlled trials and 4 359 participants aged 50 to 72. The studies were published mainly between 2017 and 2022. Community-based health intervention models for older adults with chronic diseases were categorized into three types: community health service models (chronic disease management and exercise rehabilitation), community physical activity models (prevention and health promotion) and mixed models (a combination of these two models). The community health service model focused on chronic disease management in the community, integrating community sports, and involving physical activity intervention, health education, dietary intervention, monitoring and motivation intervention, and care coordination, for six to 24 months, with the intervention attribute of rehabilitation and health promotion. The personnel involved doctors, nurses, dietitians, pharmacists, social workers and primary healthcare clinicians. The community physical activity model focused on design and implementation physical activity intervention for chronic disease in the community environment, providing relevant physical activity advice and guidance, and personalized reinforcement and support. The physical activities included walking, cycling, warm-up exercises, cardiopulmonary fitness, muscle strength and balance training, coordination and stretching exercises, Taijiquan, Yoga, Qigong, and water sports; ten to 150 minutes a time, low to vigorous, for eight to twelve months, with the intervention attribute of prevention and health promotion. The personnel involved clinical staff, primary healthcare staff, exercise intervention experts and consultants, doctors, nurses, social workers and certified exercise coaches. The mixed model involved a chronic disease prevention and management plan, including physical activity counseling, lifestyle intervention related to physical activity, personalized health guidance and exercise program design, for six to twelve months, with the intervention attribute of prevention, rehabilitation and health promotion. The personnel involved sports coaches and retired professional athletes, dietitians, nurses, personal trainers, general practitioners, occupational therapists and physiotherapists. The main health outcomes involved body function-related indicators, such as control of weight, blood pressure, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, triglyceride and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, to reduce cardiovascular risk; relief of arthritis and herpes zoster pain, improvement in cognitive function and depressive symptoms. In terms of activity-related outcomes, the physical fitness improved, involving agility and dynamic balance, flexibility, muscle strength, and aerobic endurance; while the amount of physical activity increased, as well as the time spent on mild, moderate and vigorous exercise or leisure activities; the risk of fall reduced, the level of daily physical activity improved, and the self-efficacy and level of social participation increased. ConclusionThe community-based physical activity and health services models for older adults with chronic diseases may be classified as community health service model, community physical activity model and mixed model. A comprehensive intervention integrating physical activity and community health services can improve the health status, control the symptoms of chronic diseases, improve physical and mental functions, and increase the level of physical activity and quality of life for older adults with chronic diseases. The mixed model is a hybrid model that incorporates physical activity into community health services, which can provide comprehensive health interventions to make better health and health-related benefits.