Intervención psicoeducativa en familiares de educandos con trastornos del espectro autista

Fundamento: el trastorno del espectro autista es una entidad de origen neurobiológico, caracterizada por una variedad de signos y síntomas. Objetivo: elevar el nivel de conocimiento en familiares de educandos con trastorno del espectro de autismo. Métodos: se realizó un estudio cuasiexperimental, de intervención educativa en los nueve Servicios de Rehabilitación de las áreas de salud del municipio de Camagüey, durante los meses enero-diciembre de 2022. La muestra quedó constituida por 25 familiares que cumplieron con los criterios de elegibilidad. Para evaluar los resultados de la intervención se aplicó un cuestionario antes y después de desarrollada la intervención. Resultados: existió predominio del sexo femenino 23 (92 %), un rango de edad de 30-39 años 11 (44 %) y un nivel escolar de bachiller 13 (52 %). Antes de la intervención fue insuficiente el nivel de conocimiento general sobre el trastorno del espectro autista en un 68 %. En lo referente a la competencia emocional, alcanzó el 84 %, el tratamiento indicado el 84 %, y los métodos educativos el 60 %. Posterior a la estrategia se logró elevar el nivel de conocimiento general en el 100 %, el 92 % alcanzó el objetivo de la competencia emocional, el 100 % logró suficiencia sobre el tratamiento indicado y en el 92 % obtuvo mejoría en el conocimiento sobre los estilos educativos. Conclusiones: se logró elevar el nivel de conocimientos generales sobre el trastorno del espectro autista, la competencia emocional, cumplimiento del tratamiento neurosensorial y estilos educativos.

Background: autism spectrum disorder" is an entity of neurobiological origin, characterized by a variety of signs and symptoms. Objective: raise the knowledge level in relatives of students with autism spectrum disorder. Methods: a quasi-experimental study of educational intervention was carried out in the nine Rehabilitation Services of the Camagüey municipality health areas, from January to December 2022. The sample consisted of 25 family members who met the eligibility criteria. To evaluate the results of the intervention, a questionnaire was applied before and after the intervention was developed. Results: there was a predominance of the female sex 23 (92%), an age range of 30-39 years 11 (44%) and a high school level 13 (52%). Before the intervention, the level of general knowledge about autism spectrum disorder was insufficient by 68%. Regarding emotional competence, it reached 84%, the indicated treatment 84%, and educational methods 60%. After the strategy, it was possible to raise the level of general knowledge by 100%, 92% achieved the objective of emotional competence, 100% achieved sufficiency regarding the indicated treatment and 92% obtained improvement in educational styles knowledge. Conclusions: it was possible to raise the level of general knowledge about autism spectrum disorder, emotional competence, compliance with neurosensory treatment and educational styles.

Effects of comprehensive intervention on 24 h activity behavior among obese students in vocational colleges / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the effects of comprehensive intervention measures targeting physical activity, sedentary, sleep and other behaviors on 24 h activity behavior of obese students in vocational colleges, so as to provide a more tailored empirical basis for intervening obese students in vocational colleges.@*Methods@#A quasi experimental design using parallel controlled, randomized grouping was conducted from January to March 2023. A total of 79 first year obese students from a vocational college in Wuxi City were selected as the intervention group (41 students) and the control group (38 students). From April to June, 2023, the control group received no intervention, while the intervention group adopted an information based and behavioral intervention approach to comprehensively intervene in 24 h physical activity, sedentary, sleep and other behaviors (120 minutes each day for 8 weeks).Wherein, information based intervention mainly used paper leaflets and social and learning software to accurately push intervention information, and behavioral intervention mainly concentrated 1 hour of physical exercise and multiple activity behavior requirements every day with the triaxial accelerometer to feedback the objective data of physical activity. Subsequently, from June to July, 2023, a one week post test and follow up survey were conducted respectively.Bouchard diary in physical activity, Weekly questionnaire and triaxial accelerometer were used to record the 24 h activity behavior of both groups of students. T-test and repeated measurement analysis of variance were used to compare the differences of 24 h activity component index time between two groups before and after intervention and examine the changes within each group.@*Results@#Before and after intervention, there was no significant difference in the time of each component index of 24 h activity behavior in the control group. However, repeated measures analysis of variance between the intervention group and the control group revealed statistically significant interaction differences in physical activity, sedentary behavior, sleep and other index time were statistically significant(pre-test and post test: F =6.45, 4.66 ,7.21,7.88; pre-test,post-test and follow up test: F =5.37,5.12,5.43,5.29; P <0.01). During the followup period, compared with the post-test data [(313.25±54.15, 601.88±65.47, 462.83±42.86, 61.92±18.53)min/d], the time of each component (physical activity, sedentary behavior, sleep, other) of the 24 h activity behavior of students in the intervention group rebounded [(298.52± 60.27 , 613.69±68.55, 442.33±45.26, 85.28±20.57)min/d], but it was better than the pre-test data [(230.45±67.42, 720.32±105.63, 369.78±32.31, 119.29±22.17)min/d], and the difference was statistically significant( F =42.46,39.45,33.41,59.43, P <0.01). During the intervention period, the physical activity, sedentary and sleep duration indicators of the intervention group students showed fluctuating patterns in the 4th and 5th weeks.@*Conclusions@#The comprehensive intervention on 24 h activity behavior among obese students in vocational colleges shows significant effectiveness, but its sustainability is insufficient. Considering the characteristics of obese students in vocational colleges, personalized intervention measures should be provided to increase physical activity and sleep time and reduce static activity time, in order to promote students to develop a healthy lifestyle.

Intervention effect of 12 week spinal health gymnastics on high and low shoulder exercise in adolescents / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the intervention effect of 12 week spinal health exercise on adolescents high and low shoulders, in order to provide empirical evidence for exploring simple and feasible measures to intervene.@*Methods@#In February 2023, 60 high and low shoulder students from a vocational high school in a certain county of Luzhou City were randomly selected as the research subjects by convenient sampling method. Paired sampling was used to randomly divide participants into an intervention group and a control group with 30 students each group. The intervention group received spinal health gymnastics intervention during 12 weeks of morning exercises and large break exercises for twice a day, with two groups each time; the control group maintained their previous morning exercises and large break exercises. A follow up study was conducted on the height difference between the left and right shoulder peaks of the intervention group and the control group students before intervention, after 12 weeks intervention, at 4 weeks post intervention. The t-test was used to analyze the changes in shoulder peak height difference between the intervention group and the control group.@*Results@#Before intervention, there was no statistically significant difference in the height of the left and right shoulder peaks between the intervention group [(2.50±1.19)cm] and the control group [(2.49±1.20)cm] adolescents ( t=0.05, P > 0.05). After 12 weeks of intervention, the difference in shoulder height between the left and right sides of adolescents in the intervention group decreased, compared to that before intervention [(1.43±1.15, 2.50±1.19)cm], while the control group increased compared to that before intervention [(2.58±1.19, 2.49±1.20) cm], and the differences were both statistically significant ( t= -78.17 , 20.15, P <0.05). At 4 weeks post intervention, there was no statistically significant difference in the height of the left and right shoulder peaks between the intervention group [(1.44±1.15)cm] and the control group [(2.59±1.18)cm] compared to 12 weeks after the intervention ( t=1.80, 1.05, P >0.05). The intervention group [(2.49±1.26, 2.52±1.16) (1.43±1.21, 1.44±1.13) (1.44±1.21, 1.45±1.14)cm] and the control group [(2.45±1.24, 2.52±1.20) (2.55±1.24, 2.61±1.18) (2.55±1.22, 2.62±1.18)cm] showed no statistically significant difference in the height of the left and right shoulder peaks between males and females before intervention, after 12 weeks of intervention, and after stopping intervention for 4 weeks ( t =-0.08, -0.03, -0.02; -0.15, -0.12, -0.15, P >0.05).@*Conclusions@#Spinal health gymnastics has a good effect on correcting high and low shoulders in adolescents. Spinal health gymnastics should be promoted on campus to promote adolescent posture health.

Intervention effects of moderate and high intensities of classroom physical activity on cardiorespiratory fitness and executive function among junior grade one students in Tibetan / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the intervention effect of different intensity of classroom physical exercise on cardiorespiratory fitness and executive function of Tibetan first grade students at high altitude, so as to provide reference for improving the level of cardiorespiratory fitness and executive function of Tibetan adolescents.@*Methods@#From September to December 2020, 184 Tibetan students from five first grade classes in a middle school in Lhasa, Tibet, were randomly assigned into a control group (81 students in two classes) and an intervention group (103 students in three classes). Both groups followed the same teaching programme, but the intervention group received 36 sessions of moderate to high intensity classroom physical activity, one session per day, Monday,Wednesday and Friday, for 12 weeks. Before and after the intervention, cardiorespiratory fitness and executive function were tested by 20m round trip running and Flanker s experimental paradigm, 2-back s experimental paradigm, and More odd shifting experimental paradigm for inhibitory control, refreshing memory, and switching flexibility, and the results were analysed by analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) to compare the results of the pre and post intervention periods.@*Results@#The maximum oxygen uptake (VO 2max ) of Tibetan first grade students in the intervention group increased by 2.25 mL/(kg〖WW）〗·〖WW(〗min) compared with the control group after the intervention ( t =-3.89, P <0.01); the response time of the inhibitory function was reduced by 4.40 ms, that of the refreshing function by 196.06 ms, and that of the switching function by 92.72 ms in the intervention group compared with the control group ( t =2.98, 4.82 ,3.21, P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#The 12 week moderate to high intensity classroom physical activity intervention has different degrees of improvement effects on cardiorespiratory fitness and executive function in Tibetan adolescents.

Effectiveness of comprehensive sexuality education curriculum on improving hostile and benevolent sexism among university students / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the effectiveness of a comprehensive sexuality education (CSE) curriculum on university students hostile and benevolent sexism, so as to provide a reference for evaluating the effects of CSE on reducing ambivalent sexism.@*Methods@#From September 2018 to January 2019, 165 university students from a university in Beijing were recruited using convenience sampling for a 5 month of CSE curriculum (36 sessions, 2 sessions per week, 45 min per session), including CSE and gender studies, sexual physiology and health, gender and gender roles, gender bias, intimate relationships and gender bias, gender based violence and gender bias, culture and gender bias, and gender and power. Students who took CSE curriculum were included in the intervention group ( n =97) and students from the same university who had not taken CSE curriculum were included in the control group ( n =68). Using the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory, both groups of university students were surveyed before and after the curriculum to analyze the effectiveness of the CSE curriculum. Chi -square test, ANOVA，cluster analysis and Kruskal Wallis test were used for statistical analysis.@*Results@#After the CSE curriculum, both hostile and benevolent sexism scores were lower in the intervention group (2.21±0.76, 2.36±0.68) than in the control group (2.81±0.61, 3.03±0.60) ( F =17.24, 33.26), and pre test scores were higher in the intervention group (2.64±0.67, 2.88±0.68) ( F =45.62, 66.93) ( P <0.01). On both hostile and benevolent sexism, female students scores (2.46±0.72, 2.65±0.70) were lower than male students scores (2.86±0.59, 3.09± 0.69 ) ( F=11.02, 14.20, P <0.01). Comparison of the curriculum effectiveness of hostile and benevolent sexism among clustered groups showed that the difference in hostile sexism scores was higher in the inconsistent type [0.63(0.25, 1.25)]than in the more consistent type [0.38(-0.16, 0.88)] and the lower consistent type [0.38(0.06, 0.63)] ( H=8.71, P <0.05); and the difference in benevolent sexism scores was higher in the more consistent type [0.75(0.53, 1.22)] than in the less consistent type [0.38(0.09, 0.88 )] and inconsistent type [0.38(-0.13,0.63)] ( H=10.82, P <0.05).@*Conclusions@#CSE can improve hostile and benevolent sexism in university students with sex and type differences. Attention should be paid to CSE curriculum to improve ambivalent sexism among university students with a view to fostering their awareness of gender equality.

Effect of cyclic training on metabolic syndrome among obese adolescents / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the effects of cyclic training on metabolic syndrome among obese adolescents, so as to provide a reference for reducing physical burden and maintaining physical health for the obese adolescent population.@*Methods@#The study selected 42 obese adolescents aged 10-17 from Foshan City from June 1 to September 1, 2021. The subjects were randomly divided into a training group (n=24) and a control group (n=18). The training group implemented a 12week training plan (4 times weekly), including two major events and six movements, namely resistance training (push ups, sit ups, forward lunge) and aerobic exercise (high leg lifts, stationary runs,jumping jack), and each action lasted for 25 seconds with a 15 second interval, completing 4 groups. The control group maintained daily living habits.The ttest and Chisquare test were used for statistical analysis.@*Results@#After intervention, the weight, body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage and fat mass of the training group [(72.3±1.8)kg, (26.4±2.0)kg/m2, (31.9±2.3)%, (17.5±2.8)kg] were all lower than before intervention [(73.8±2.1)kg, (30.3±1.8)kg/m2, (34.4±2.5)%, (20.0±3.3)kg], and the muscle mass and physical fitness index of the training group [(32.4±1.1)kg, (67.3±5.3)%] were higher than before intervention [(31.5±1.5)kg, (63.1±6.9)%] (t=-2.75，-7.10，-3.61，-2.83,2.37,2.36, P<0.05). After intervention, the blood glucose, cholesterol, lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol , waist circumference and hip circumference of the training group [(4.6±0.5)mmol/L, (8.2±0.4)mmol/L, (2.8±1.2)mmol/L, (73.5±4.2)cm, (93.2±5.8)cm] were all lower than those before intervention [(4.9±0.4)mmol/L, (8.7±0.8)mmol/L, (3.9±1.1)mmol/L, (77.8±3.9)cm, (99.5±5.1)cm], and highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol was higher than that before intervention[(3.2±0.3)mmol/L,(2.9±0.8)mmol/L](t=-2.30,-2.74,-3.31,-3.68,-4.00,2.29, P<0.05). There was no statistically significant differences between groups in the parameters of each indicator before intervention (P>0.05), while all indicators in the training group were lower than those in the control group except for muscle mass, physical fitness index and highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol, which were higher than those in the control group after intervention (P<0.05).@*Conclusions@#The cyclic training method for 12 weeks is helpful to prevent the metabolic syndrome disease in obese adolescents.It is possible to appropriately increase the intervention methods of cyclic training to reduce the occurrence of metabolic syndrome among obese adolescents.

Effects of maximum fat oxidation intensity exercise combined with diet restriction on lipid and ferroptosis in obese college students with non alcoholic fatty liver disease / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To compare the effects of 12week maximum fat oxidation (FATmax) intensity exercise combined with dietary restriction and FATmax intensity exercise alone on body composition, blood lipid metabolism and ferroptosis in obese college students with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD),so as to provide a exercise prescription reference for rehabilitation treatment of obese NAFLD college students.@*Methods@#In August 2023,a total of 45 obese NAFLD college students were divided into maximum fat oxidation intensity exercise combined with dietary restriction group (FATmax+DR, n=22) and FATmax group (n=23) by random number table method,who were recruited through online notifications and physical examinations at the Physical Examination Center of Fenyang College of Shanxi Medical University. FATmax group received FATmax intensity exercise with 3 times a week for 12 weeks (FATmax:0.51 g/min, exercise intensity:50.14% VO2max and the heart rate:136.78 times/min). FATmax+DR group underwent 12 weeks of FATmax intensity exercise combined with dietary restriction, and daily dietary energy intake was determined according to resting energy consumption. Body composition, four items of blood lipids and the indicators of oxidative stress and ferroptosis were measured before and after the intervention.The differences of indicators among each group were analyzed by using independent sample t test and paired sample t test.@*Results@#Before the intervention, there were no significant differences in body composition,four items of blood lipid, oxidative stress and iron death between FATmax+DR group and FATmax group (P>0.05). After 12 weeks of intervention, body weight , body mass index(BMI), body fat mass, trunk fat mass, visceral fat area and serum low density lipoprotein(LDL) and malondialdehyde(MDA) levels in FATmax+DR group were significantly lower than those in FATmax group, while serum high density lipoprotein(HDL) and glutathione(GSH) levels were higher than those in FATmax group (t=-2.30，-3.23,-3.97,-5.85,-3.44,-3.06,-2.03,-2.09; 2.73, 2.42, P<0.05). There were no significant differences in serum levels of total cholesterol(TC), triglyceride(TG), superoxide dismutase(SOD) and glutathion peroxidase 4(GPX4) between the two groups (t=1.49, 1.00, -0.01, 0.59, P>0.05).@*Conclusion@#Twelveweek FATmax intensity exercise combined with dietary restriction could significantly improve body composition and dyslipidemia, prevent the occurrence of ferroptosis and liver oxidative damage in obese NAFLD college students,which could serve as a timely promotion and application of intervention for obese college students with NAFLD.

Effect of group counseling integrating tea drinking on mental health improvement of college students / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the intervention effect of group counseling integrating teadrinking on depression, social avoidance and distress, coping styles and selfesteem among college students, so as to provide references for promoting the psychological health of students.@*Methods@#From March to June 2021, a convenience sampling method was used to recruit 46 college students from a university in Nanjing for intervention project. There were 23 students in intervention group and control group, respectively. The intervention was conducted for 2.5 hours per week across a 6 week period. The intervention group received two sessions of group counseling that incorporated teadrinking experience, and the sessions involved tea knowledge explanation, observation and learning, embodied experience, emotional expression, interpersonal assistance and emotional support, cultural customs and life integration. After the intervention was completed, the control group received onetime group counseling that integrated teadrinking. The Wilcoxon difference test and Mann-Whitney U test were performed to compare the scores of each scale within and between the groups, and the χ2 test was used to compare the detection rates.@*Results@#There were no statistically significant differences in the scores of positive coping, negative coping, selfesteem, social avoidance and distress between the intervention group and the control group (Z=-1.20, -0.33, -0.35, 1.31,P>0.05). There were statistically significant differences in positive coping styles, selfesteem, social avoidance and distress between the intervention group and the control group after the intervention(27.70±5.60，22.05±4.30；30.52±3.63，28.27±4.06；7.43±7.38，13.64±6.79) (Z=-3.31, -2.10, 3.22, P<0.05). The intervention group showed statistically significant differences in social avoidance and distress scores before and after the intervention(11.96±7.47,7.43±7.38) (Z=-2.88), and the depression detection rate decreased(60.9%，30.4%) (χ2=4.29) (P<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in positive coping, negative coping, selfesteem, social avoidance and distress scores, and depression detection rate between the control group before and after the intervention (Z/χ2=-0.28, -0.42, -1.24, -1.25；1.39, P>0.05). The followup results 1year later showed that there was a statistically significant difference in social avoidance and distress(6.57±6.21,14.16±9.22), and in the detection rates of depression(21.7%,52.2%) between the intervention group and the control group (Z/χ2=2.70,4.57,P<0.05).@*Conclusions@#Group counseling integrating teadrinking could improve interpersonal relationships, emotional states, selfesteem levels and coping strategies among college students. Group psychological counseling that incorporates teadrinking can be adopted to improve the mental health status of college students.

Impact of smart physical education assignment on physical health of male college students / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the impact of smart physical education assignment on physical health of male university students, so as to provide theoretical support and practical references for physical health improvement of male university students and implementing smart sports assignments.@*Methods@#From September 2023 to January 2024, 317 sophomore male students from six Taekwondo elective classes at Hunan Institute of Engineering were selected and were randomly divided into an intervention group (n=157) and a control group (n=160). The intervention group was given sports assignments twice a week through smart means with an intervention duration of 15 weeks, each time for 25-35 minutes, in addition to the teaching according to the public course syllabus, while the control group was taught according to the public course syllabus. The physical and health indicators of both groups were tested before and after intervention,then the differences in various physical health indicators between two groups of students before and after intervention were compared through ttest and Mann-Whitney U test.@*Results@#After the intervention, the vital capacity, 50 m run, sitandreach, 1 000 m run, and pullup scores of the intervention group significantly improved compared to those before intervention. The scores improved from (3 918.27±737.34)mL, 7.88(7.53,8.45)s, 9.80(2.70,15.75) cm, 4.30(4.12,4.50) min and 3.00(0.00,7.50) times to (4 574.19±800.61) mL, 7.65(7.37,8.12)s, 17.20(11.80,21.55)cm, 4.13(3.58,4.31)min and 5.00(1.00,10.00) times,respectively (t/Z=-7.60, 2.61, -8.39, 5.62, -2.72, P<0.05). Before intervention, there was no statistically significant difference in physical health indicators between the intervention group and the control group (P>0.05).After intervention,the scores of the intervention group on the vital capacity,50 m run,sitandreach,1 000 m run and pullup, were significantly higher than those of the control group [(4 310.97±808.90)mL, 7.75(7.40,8.30)s, 14.10(8.42,17.87)cm, 4.29(4.08,4.45)min and 4.00(1.00,7.00) times] (t/Z=2.91, -4.55, -4.75, -4.15, 2.58, P<0.05).@*Conclusions@#Having 25-35 min smart physical education assignment twice a week can effectively improve physical health level of male college students. It is recommended to assign appropriate amount of smart sports homework to improve physical health level of college students, while ensuring the amount and intensity of physical activity in public physical education courses.

Impact of multi sensory stimulation intervention on the psychological state, neurobiology, and neuroelectrophysiological indicators of college students with Internet addiction / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To observe the effects of multi sensory stimulation (MSS) intervention on the psychological state, neurobiology, and neuroelectrophysiological indicators of college students with Internet addiction disorder (IAD), so as to provide high quality evidence for the optimization of IAD intervention plans.@*Methods@#At the beginning of the spring semester of 2022-2023 academic year, 114 first year and sophomore IAD college students from Chongqing Second Normal University were selected by group random sampling method, and were randomly assigned into control group, physical exercise group, and observation group (28 in each group). The control group received routine psychological intervention, while the physical exercise group received routine physical exercise on the basis of the control group. The observation group received a MSS intervention on the basis of the control group. The MSS intervention included 8 means of color, incense, music, lozenges, press needle, massage, Tai Chi and static work. The intervention periocl was from April 1 to June 30, 2023, and all three groups were intervened for 12 weeks. The revised Chinese Internet Addiction Scale (CIAS-R), Self Control Scale (SCS), Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90) were observed before and after intervention, dopamine (DA) and β Endorphin (β EP) concentration were collected, and the amplitude and latency levels of N200 were analyzed by Event Related Potential (ERP).@*Results@#The CIAS-R score of the observation group (36.08±4.98) was lower than physical exercise group (49.55±5.19) and control group (54.82±4.10), and the SCS score of the observation group (76.08± 1.98 ) was higher than physical exercise group (66.16±1.92) and control group (52.59±1.53) ( F=12.08, 13.18, P <0.05). In comparison of various dimensions of SCL-90, the observation group showed lower scores in the four dimensions of somatization, depression, anxiety, and psychoticism compared to the other two groups ( F=9.11, 8.92, 8.17, 8.48, P <0.05). In the dimensions of obsessive-compulsive symptoms, interpersonal sensitivity, and others in observation group were lower than the control group ( F= 4.20 , 5.16, 5.60, P <0.05). However, there was no difference in the two dimensions of terror and paranoia among the three groups ( F=0.24, 0.19, P > 0.05). The levels in plasma DA, βEP and the amplitude and latency of N200 among observation group were better than other two groups, and the differences were statistically significant ( F=9.92, 8.93, 6.24, 8.05, P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#MSS intervention can alleviate the related symptoms of IAD college students, improve neurobiological and neurophysiological indicators.

Influence of group psychological counseling on mental health of children with authoritarian mothers / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the influence of group psychological counseling on the mental health of children with mother s authoritarian parenting.@*Methods@#From November 2022 to February 2023, 76 students from grades 4 to 6 whose mother showed authoritarian parenting style, while fathers adopted no authoritative, authoritarian or democratic parenting style and who scored ≥65 on the total MHT were selected using the Parenting Style Questionnaire (PBI) and the Mental Health Diagnostic Test (MHT). All the participants and their mothers were randomly assigned to the intervention and control groups. Before and after the intervention, participants filled out questionnaires on parental bonding instrument and mental health test. Control group: regular delivery of mental health education information, 2 times per week, for 8 weeks, without any other intervention. Intervention group: group counseling activities were conducted once a week. Each intervention lasted 1.5-2 hours and lasts for 8 weeks. Before and after the intervention, participants filled in the family parenting style and mental health screening questionnaires.@*Results@#After the intervention, compared with the control group, students in the intervention group showed a significant decrease in the total scale score of the MHT, learning anxiety, social anxiety, allergic tendency, physical symptoms, fear tendency, and impulsive tendency ( t=-0.43, -1.04 , -0.81, P >0.05). After intervention, the intervention group students showed a significant decrease in psychological diagnosis test scores, learning anxiety, anxiety towards others, allergic tendencies, physical symptoms, phobic tendencies, and impulsive tendencies compared to the control group students ( t=-20.00, -5.06, -2.09, -3.36, -6.15, -4.76, -5.15, P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#Rregular group psychological counseling can effectively improve the academic anxiety, social anxiety, allergic tendencies, physical symptoms, fearful and impulsive tendencies of students whose mothers with authoritarian parenting style, and greatly improve their mental health.

Effects of group sports game intervention on social skills and quality of life in children with austism spectrum disorders / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the effects of group sports game intervention on social ability and quality of life of children with austism spectrum disorders (ASD),so as to provide reference for rehabilitation intervention of social and quality of life of children with ASD.@*Methods@#From September 2021 to January 2022, 72 children with ASD aged 4-6 in the children s rehabilitation department of Xiangyang Central Hospital were selected to participate in the study, and were randomly divided into experimental group ( n =36) and control group ( n =36). The control group received routine rehabilitation training (including individual sports game training), and the experimental group replaced individual sports game training with group sports game training on the basis of routine rehabilitation.The course content mainly included three parts: warm up before class, group sports games and relaxation after class. The course combined social skills with sports games, and was carried out in a group form (divided into 12 groups with 3 people in each group), and was trained five times a week for 60 minutes, for a total of 12 weeks. The scores of Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS), Autism Treatment Evaluation Checklist (ATEC), Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) and Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory Version 4.0 Generic Core Scales (PedsQL 4.0) were observed before and after treatment. t-test and χ 2 test were used for statistical analysis.@*Results@#There was no significant difference in SRS scores between the experimental group and the control group before intervention ( t =-0.63, P >0.05). After the intervention, the total response rate in the experimental group was 83.33 %, higher than 41.67% in the control group χ 2=13.33, P <0.05),and the SRS scores decreased in the experimental group and control group ( t =17.75,8.71, P <0.05). The SRS scale score of the experimental group Social perception (17.67±4.12) , social cognition (30.33±4.99) , social communication (50.33±9.39) , social motivation (24.25±6.78) scores and total scores ( 152.67± 25.82) were lower than those of the control group(22.17±5.34，36.00±4.13，62.58±11.07，34.42±7.13，186.33±29.03)( t = -4.88，-2.03，-2.13，-3.58，-3.01， P ＜0.05).After the intervention, the scores of social function (53.33±18.01) and total score (283.83±51.83) on PedsQL 4.0 scale in experimental group were higher than those in control group(23.33±15.13，218.00±39.01) ( t =4.42，3.52， P ＜0.05). After the intervention, Autism Treatment Evaluation Scale (ATEC) scores of experimental groups(44.33±14.72) was lower than that in control group ( 59.33±16.95)( t =-2.32, P ＜0.05).@*Conclusion@#The intervention of group sports game has a significant effect on improving social ability and life quality of children with ASD.

Efficacy of an educational manual on the support provided by companions in an obstetric center: a randomized clinical trial / Oeficacia de un manual educativo en el apoyo proporcionado por acompañantes en un centro de obstetricia: ensayo clínico aleatorizado / Eficácia de manual educativo no apoio prestado por acompanhantes em centro obstétrico: ensaio clínico randomizado

ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate the effectiveness of an educational manual on the support provided by companions during the labor process in an obstetric center. Method: a Randomized Clinical Trial conducted with 248 participants, comprising 124 companions and 124 puerperal women. The study took place between November 2018 and October 2019 at an obstetric center in Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. The Companion Characterization Form, the Support Evaluation Form, and the Postpartum Woman's Labor Experience and Satisfaction Evaluation Form were used. The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences statistical program. Chi-square and Fisher tests were employed, as well as the Mann-Whitney test. The Relative Risk (RR) and the 95% Confidence Interval (CI) were calculated for the main dependent variables. Results: it was evident that the companions from the Intervention Group were more likely to engage in physical, emotional, informational and advocacy/intermediation support actions, with a statistically significant difference observed in all support dimensions when comparing both groups. The companions from the Intervention Group performed more support actions (20 vs 6; p:0.001) and rated the experience of accompanying the birth more favorably (100.0 vs 74.2; p:0.001). It was identified that the puerperal women accompanied by participants from the Intervention Group were more likely to express satisfaction with how the labor process took place. Conclusion: the intervention applied in the maternity unit using an educational manual aimed at parturients' companions is effective and contributes to providing support during childbirth.

RESUMEN Objetivo: evaluar la efectividad de un manual educativo en el apoyo proporcionado por acompañantes durante el proceso de parto en un centro obstétrico. Método: Ensayo Clínico Aleatorizado realizado con 248 participantes: 124 acompañantes y 124 puérperas. El estudio se llevó a cabo entre noviembre de 2018 y octubre de 2019 en un centro obstétrico de Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil. Se utilizó un Formulario de caracterización del acompañante; un Formulario para evaluar el apoyo proporcionado y un Formulario para evaluar la experiencia y satisfacción de las puérperas con el trabajo de parto. Los datos se analizaron en el programa estadístico Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. Se emplearon las pruebas de chi-cuadrado y Fisher y la de Mann-Whitney. Se calculó el Riesgo Relativo (RR) y el Intervalo de Confianza (IC) del 95% para las principales variables dependientes Resultados: se evidenció que los acompañantes del Grupo Intervención fueron más propensos a desarrollar acciones de apoyo físico, emocional, informativo y de soporte/intermediación, verificándose una diferencia estadística significativa en todas las dimensiones de apoyo al comparar ambos grupos. Los acompañantes del Grupo Intervención realizaron más acciones de apoyo (20 vs 6; p:0,001) y evaluaron de mejor manera la experiencia de estar presentes en el parto (100,0 vs 74,2; p:0,001). Se determinó que las puérperas acompañadas por participantes del Grupo Intervención fueron más propensas a mostrarse satisfechas con la forma en la que se desarrolló el trabajo de parto. Conclusión: la intervención que se aplicó en la maternidad empleando el manual educativo y direccionada a acompañantes de parturientas es efectiva y ayuda a proporcionar apoyo durante el parto.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a efetividade de um manual educativo no apoio prestado por acompanhantes durante o processo parturitivo em um centro obstétrico. Método: Ensaio Clínico Randomizado realizado com 248 participantes, sendo 124 acompanhantes e 124 puérperas. O estudo foi realizado em centro obstétrico em Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil, entre os meses de novembro de 2018 a outubro de 2019. Utilizou-se o Formulário de caracterização do acompanhante; Formulário de avaliação do apoio prestado; e Formulário de avaliação da experiência e satisfação da puérpera com o trabalho de parto. Os dados foram analisados no programa estatístico Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. Foram utilizados os testes qui-quadrado e Fisher e o teste de Mann-Whitney. O Risco Relativo (RR) e o Intervalo de Confiança (IC) de 95% foram calculados para as principais variáveis dependentes Resultados: Evidenciou-se que acompanhantes do grupo intervenção tiveram mais probabilidade de desenvolver ações de apoio físico, emocional, informacional e advocacia/intermediação, verificando-se diferença estatística significativa em todas as dimensões de apoio quando comparados os dois grupos. Acompanhantes do grupo intervenção realizaram um maior número de ações de apoio (20 vs 6; p:0,001) e melhor avaliaram a experiência de acompanhar o parto (100,0 vs 74,2; p:0,001). Identificou-se que puérperas acompanhadas por participantes do grupo intervenção foram mais propícias a demonstrar satisfação com a forma como ocorreu o trabalho de parto. Conclusão: A intervenção aplicada na maternidade com uso de manual educativo direcionada a acompanhantes de parturientes é efetiva e contribui para a prestação de apoio durante o parto.

Intervención educativa en estudiantes de medicina sobre secuelas discapacitantes pos-COVID-19 desde la asignatura Salud Pública

Introducción: En el contexto de la pandemia por COVID-19 surgen las secuelas discapacitantes, aún por dimensionar, que acompañarán los próximos años. En relación con esta temática deben dirigirse acciones con enfoque multidisciplinario, donde la salud pública y el sistema educativo aporten el conocimiento y la metodología para su enfrentamiento. Objetivo: Elevar el nivel de conocimiento sobre las secuelas discapacitantes pos-COVID-19 en estudiantes de medicina. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio cuasi-experimental de intervención educativa en estudiantes de quinto año de medicina de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Camagüey, desde la asignatura Salud Pública, durante el período abril-mayo de 2023. Del universo de 23 estudiantes se seleccionó una muestra de 20. Fueron estudiadas las variables grupos de edades, sexo, nivel de conocimiento sobre la epidemiología de las secuelas discapacitantes pos-COVID-19, clasificación por sistemas, identificación, seguimiento, tratamiento y nivel de conocimiento global acerca de estas. Resultados: Predominaron el grupo de 21-25 años (50 %) y el sexo femenino (65 %). En el tema sobre la epidemiología de las secuelas discapacitantes pos-COVID-19 el nivel de conocimiento aumentó entre 5-95 %; mientras, en lo referente a la clasificación por sistemas alcanzó 20-90 %. En cuanto a la identificación, el seguimiento y el tratamiento, el nivel de conocimiento suficiente fue de un 15-75 %. La evaluación global suficiente transitó de un 5 % a un 90 %. Conclusiones: Se logró elevar el nivel de conocimiento sobre las secuelas discapacitantes pos-COVID-19 en estudiantes de medicina. Esto permitirá identificar, conducir y seguir los casos durante la educación en el trabajo.

Introduction: In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, the disabling sequelae emerge, still to be measured, which will accompany the coming years. With respect to this issue, actions with a multidisciplinary approach should be targeted, in which public health and the educational system provide the knowledge and methodology for their confrontation. Objective: To raise the level of knowledge about post-COVID-19 disabling sequelae in medical students. Methods: A quasiexperimental study of educational intervention was carried out with fifth-year medical students from Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Camagüey, as part of the Public Health course, during the period April-May 2023. From the study universe of 23 students, a sample of 20 was selected. The following variables were studied: age groups, sex, level of knowledge about the epidemiology of post-COVID-19 disabling sequelae, classification by systems, identification, follow-up, treatment and overall level of knowledge about these. Results: The group aged 21-25 years (50 %) and the female sex (65 %) predominated. The level of knowledge about the epidemiology of post-COVID-19 disabling sequelae increased between 5 % and 95%, while it reached 20 %-90% regarding the classification by systems. With respect to identification, follow-up and treatment, the level of sufficient knowledge was 15 %-75 %. The overall sufficient assessment moved from 5 % to 90 %. Conclusions: The level of knowledge about post-COVID-19 disabling sequelae was managed to be raised in medical students. This will allow identifying, conducting and following up cases during education at work.

The practice of physical exercise in the context of cognitive compromise and neuro-muscular interactions in the care of the elderly / Prática do exercício físico no comprometimento cognitivo e intercorrências neuromusculares na atenção ao idoso: uma revisão sistemática

Objective: to investigate the influence of physical exercise in the context of cognitive compromise of the elderly, and the exercise programmes of greater impact in the motor response and neuromuscular adaptations. Method: a systematic review was developed in the Pubmed/MEDLINE, Scopus, LILACS, SPORTDiscus and Embase databases. The PRISMA 2020 checklist and bias risk analysis were applied using the Cochrane handbook scale for the systematic review of interventions (Version 5.1.0). Domains in table 8.5.d. Results: 21 studies were included in the qualitative analysis. The regular practice of physical exercise causes a series of positive neuromuscular adaptations in the elderly. These adaptations are related to increases in muscle mass, strength and power, favouring cognitive and motor capacity. The change in lifestyle of the elderly has a significant impact, and 30% of the ageing process is considered natural and caused by sensory, mental and physical factors and a loss of self-control, but 70% depends absolutely on the individual lifestyle. Conclusion: The present study suggests a programme composed of combined strength, resistance and aerobic exercises. Such exercises cause increases in neurotrophic, vascular and growth factors, as well as promoting cognitive, mood and quality of life improvements during ageing. Thus, the implementation of an exercise programme involving plyometrics and greater intensities of resistance training (equal or greater to 60% of 1-MR) and an adequate and progressive volume (equal or greater to three 30-40-minute sessions per week), appears to promise improved cognitive and psychomotor outcomes in old age (AU).

Objetivo: investigar a influência do exercício físico no comportamento cognitivo dos idosos e os programas de exercícios de maior impacto na resposta motora e adaptações neuromusculares. Método: desenvolveu-se uma revisão sistemática nas bases de dados Pubmed/MEDLINE, Scopus, LILACS, SPORTDiscus e Embase. Utilizou-se o PRISMA 2020 e análise de risco de viés através da escala Cochrane handbook para revisões sistemáticas de inter-venções (Versão 5.1.0). Domínios da tabela 8.5.d Resultados: 21 estudos foram incluídos para análise qualitativa. A prática regular de exercício físico desencadeia uma série de adaptações neuromusculares positivas em pessoas idosas. Essas adaptações estão relacionadas ao aumento da massa, força e potência muscular, favorecendo a capa-cidade cognitiva e motora. A mudança no estilo de vida do idoso apontou impacto significativo, e 30% do processo de envelhecimento é considerado natural e causado por fatores sensoriais, mentais, físicos e perda do autocontrole. No entanto, 70% dependem impreterivelmente do estilo de vida individual. Conclusão: O presente estudo sugere um programa composto por exercícios combinados de força, resistência e aeróbicos. Tais exercícios promovem o aumento dos fatores neurotróficos, vascular e de crescimento, além de promover melhorias cognitivas, de humor e qualidade de vida ao envelhecer. Para tanto, a implementação de um programa de exercícios que envolva a plio-metria e um treinamento resistido com intensidades mais altas (igual ou superior a 60% de 1-RM) e um volume adequado e progressivo (igual ou superior a 3 sessões de 30-40 minutos por semana), parece ser promissor aos melhores desfechos cognitivos e psicomotores na terceira idade (AU).

El objetivo: investigar la influencia del ejercicio físico en el comportamiento cognitivo de las personas mayores y los programas de ejercicio con mayor impacto en la respuesta motora y adaptaciones neuromusculares. Método: se realizó una revisión sistemática en las bases de datos Pubmed/MEDLINE, Scopus, LILACS, SPORTDiscus y Embase. Se utilizó el PRISMA 2020 y el análisis de riesgo de sesgo mediante la escala del manual Cochrane para revisiones sistemáticas de intervenciones (Versión 5.1.0). Dominios en la tabla 8.5.d Resultados: Se incluyeron 21 estudios para el análisis cualitativo. La práctica regular de ejercicio físico desencadena una serie de adaptaciones neuro-musculares positivas en las personas mayores. Estas adaptaciones están relacionadas con el aumento de la masa muscular, la fuerza y la potencia, favoreciendo la capacidad cognitiva y motora. El cambio en el estilo de vida de los ancianos mostró un impacto significativo, y el 30% del proceso de envejecimiento se considera natural y causado por factores sensoriales, mentales, físicos y pérdida de autocontrol. Sin embargo, el 70% depende absolutamen-te del estilo de vida individual. Conclusión: El presente estudio sugiere un programa compuesto por ejercicios combinados de fuerza, resistencia y aeróbicos. Dichos ejercicios promueven el aumento de factores neurotróficos, vasculares y de crecimiento, además de promover mejoras cognitivas, anímicas y de calidad de vida en el enveje-cimiento. Por lo tanto, la implementación de un programa de ejercicios que involucre ejercicios pliométricos y de fuerza con intensidades más altas (igual o mayor al 60% de 1-RM) y un volumen adecuado y progresivo (igual o mayor a 3 sesiones de 30-40 minutos a la semana) ), parece ser prometedor para mejores resultados cognitivos y psicomotores en la vejez (AU).

"Tus pies te llaman": Impacto de una intervención para mejorar autocuidado de pies en diabetes / "Your feet call you": Impact of an intervention to improve self-care of feet in diabetes

Resumen Objetivo: Evaluar el impacto de una intervención educativa individualizada en los conocimientos, autocuidado de los pies, control glucémico, riesgo de ulceración e incidencia de úlceras en pacientes con diabetes tipo 2. Material y Métodos: Estudio de intervención realizado en 65 pacientes ambulatorios, mayores de 35 años, con diabetes tipo 2, distribuidos aleatoriamente en dos grupos: grupo control (35) quien recibió un manual de cuidado de los pies, y grupo intervención (30) quien recibió la intervención, un kit de cuidado de los pies y un manual. El seguimiento se realizó a los tres y seis meses después de la intervención. El análisis estadístico incluyó la prueba de Chi-cuadrado, prueba de Wilcoxon y prueba ANOVA de mediciones repetidas. Resultados: La intervención mejoró los conocimientos y el autocuidado de pies en el grupo de intervención, con diferencias significativas entre grupos (p=.001), pero no mejoró el control glucémico ni el riesgo de ulceración. Conclusiones: El programa "tus pies te llaman" fue efectivo parcialmente, este estudio puede ser replicado en instituciones de primer nivel de forma ordinaria para mejorar el autocuidado y prevenir la ulceración del pie a mediano plazo.

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the impact of an individualized educational intervention on knowledge, self-care of the feet, glycemic control, risk of ulceration and incidence of ulcers in patients with type 2 diabetes. Material and Methods: The intervention study, was carried out on 65 outpatients, over 35 years of age, with type 2 diabetes, patients were randomly distributed into two groups: the control group (35), who received a manual on foot care, and the intervention group (30), who received the intervention, a foot care kit, and manual. Follow-up was done at three and six months after the intervention. Statistical analysis included the Chi-square test, Wilcoxon test and the ANOVA test of repeated measures. Results: The intervention improved knowledge and foot self-care in the intervention group with significant differences between groups (p=.001), but not the glycemic control or the ulceration risk. Conclusions: The program "Your Feet Call You" was partially effective, and this study can be ordinarily replicated in first-level institutions to improve self-care and prevent foot ulceration in the medium term.

Direito à saúde, tratamentos experimentais e indústria farmacêutica: breves anotações / Right to health, experimental treatments and pharmaceutical industry: brief notes / Derecho a la salud, tratamientos experimentales y industria farmacéutica: brevesnotas

Objetivo: compreender o excesso de judicialização no Brasil e buscar algumas justificativas que levaram ao estado da arte. Metodologia: utilizou-se o método de pesquisa indutivo, realizando um levantamento bibliográfico e análise documental, com base em dados divulgados pelo Conselho Nacional de Justiça e, de forma complementar, em dados extraídos do sítio institucional da Agência Nacional de Saúde Suplementar. Resultados: a judicialização da saúde tem apresentado um caráter predominantemente individual, o que agrava o alcance da macrojustiça e do atendimento da coletividade. Além disso, as dificuldades estruturais do Sistema Único de Saúde tornam-se cada vez mais evidentes. Observa-se que a judicialização da saúde pode ser perversa do ponto de vista do excesso de concessão de tutelas de urgência, da prioridade da justiça individualizada e do destaque da microjustiça; elementos que prejudicam o funcionamento do sistema de saúde como um todo. Conclusão: a indústria farmacêutica apresenta intensa participação no processo de incorporação de medicamentos. No entanto, a complexidade e demora das etapas procedimentais da incorporação dessas novas tecnologias, não raro, resultam em demandas judiciais que derivam decisões polêmicas e nem sempre acertadas. Todo esse desenho acaba por desencadear pressão no órgão competente de incorporação, incompreensões sobre o funcionamento do SUS e fortalecimento da microjustiça.

Objective: to understand the excess of judicialization in Brazil and seek some justifications that led to the state of the art. Methods: an inductive research method was used, which involved conducting a bibliographic survey and documentary analysis of data released by the National Council of Justice and, in addition, data extracted from the institutional website of the National Supplementary Health Agency. Results: the judicialization of health has presented a predominantly individual aspect, which aggravates the reach of macrojustice and community care. In addition, the structural difficulties of the Unified Health System become increasingly evident. The judicialization of health can be perverse from the point of view of the excess of granting emergency guardianships, the priority of individualized justice, the prominence of microjustice; elements that undermine the functioning of the health system as a whole. Conclusion: the pharmaceutical industry plays an intense role in the drug incorporation process. However, the complexity and delay in the procedural stages of incorporating these new technologies often result in legal demands that result in controversial decisions that are not always correct. This entire design ends up triggering pressure on the competent incorporation body, misunderstandings about the functioning of the SUS and strengthening microjustice.

Objetivo: comprender el exceso de judicialización en Brasil y buscar algunas justificaciones que han llevado al estado del arte. Metodología: se utilizó el método de investigación inductivo, realizando un levantamiento bibliográfico y análisis documental, con base en datos divulgados por el Consejo Nacional de Justicia y, de forma complementaria, en datos extraídos del sitio web institucional de la Agencia Nacional de Salud Complementaria. Resultados: la judicialización de la salud ha presentado un carácter predominantemente individual, lo que agrava el alcance de la macrojusticia y de la atención de la colectividad. Además, las dificultades estructurales del Sistema Único de Salud son cada vez más evidentes. Se observa que la judicialización de la salud puede ser perversa desde el punto de vista de la concesión excesiva de tutelas de urgencia, de la prioridad de la justicia individualizada y del énfasis en la microjusticia; elementos que perjudican el funcionamiento del sistema de salud em su conjunto. Conclusión: la industria farmacéutica juega un papel intenso en el proceso de incorporación de medicamentos. Sin embargo, la complejidad y demora en las etapas procesales de incorporación de estas nuevas tecnologías derivan muchas veces en exigencias legales que derivan en decisiones controvertidas y no siempre correctas. Todo este diseño termina provocando presiones sobre el órgano constitutivo competente, malentendidos sobre el funcionamiento del SUS y fortalecimiento de la microjusticia.

Beneficios de las intervenciones en resiliencia e inteligencia emocional en personal militar

Introducción: Actualmente, se ha expuesto el papel que desempeñan las habilidades cognitivo-emocionales en el desarrollo de la resiliencia. En consecuencia, estudios realizados hasta el momento indican que un buen nivel de inteligencia emocional tiene una influencia beneficiosa en el funcionamiento psicológico y social, al mejorar los procesos cognitivos, sociales, emocionales y conductuales. Se realizó una revisión sistemática mediante 2 búsquedas en distintas bases de datos, tales como PsycINFO, Scopus, Web of Science, Psicodoc y PubMed Central. De este modo, se obtuvieron un total de 472 documentos que, tras aplicar los criterios de inclusión y exclusión quedaron 5 estudios para revisión. Objetivo: Identificar la influencia que ejercen los programas de intervención en la promoción de la resiliencia y la inteligencia emocional en militares. Desarrollo: Se mostró la relación que ejercen los programas de intervención en el desarrollo de la resiliencia e inteligencia emocional en el bienestar personal de los miembros de las fuerzas armadas. Conclusiones: Los militares que poseen mayores niveles en resiliencia e inteligencia emocional presentan mayor bienestar psicológico y físico, así como mayor capacidad para adaptarse y recuperarse con mayor éxito ante situaciones difíciles y mostrar mejor preparación para el combate. Por tanto, se considera que futuros estudios de intervención tengan en cuenta los resultados del presente trabajo, de modo que les permita corroborar estos hallazgos.

Introduction: Currently, the role of cognitive-emotional skills in the development of resilience has been exposed. Consequently, studies conducted so far indicate that a good level of emotional intelligence has a beneficial influence on psychological and social functioning by improving cognitive, social, emotional and behavioral processes. A systematic review was carried out through 2 searches in different databases, such as PsycINFO, Scopus, Web of Science, Psicodoc and PubMed Central. Objective: To identify the influence of intervention programs in the promotion of resilience and emotional intelligence in the military. Development: A total of 472 documents were obtained and, after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 5 studies were left for review. The existing relationship between the intervention programs in the development of resilience and emotional intelligence in the personal well-being of the members of the Armed Forces was shown. Conclusions: Military personnel with higher levels of resilience and emotional intelligence have greater psychological and physical well-being, as well as a greater capacity to adapt and recover more successfully in difficult situations and show better combat readiness. Therefore, it is considered that future intervention studies should take into account the results found in the present work, in order to corroborate these findings.

Effectiveness of comprehensive intervention on primary dental caries in 3-year-old children in Bengbu / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the effectiveness of the comprehensive intervention on prevention of deciduous primary caries in 3-year-old children, so as so provide reference for the prevention, health care and treatment of oral caries.@*Methods@#Three-year-old children selected by drawing lots from 10 public kindergartens in 5 districts of Bengbu were examined in 2021, and were randomly divided into intervention group ( n =300) and control group ( n =300). During the initial examination, caries loss (dmf) including dental caries, missing teeth, filling teeth were assessed in the two groups. At the initial examination, the intervention group received caries intervention while no intervention was administered in the non-intervention group until half a year later. Intervention measures included education, diet, self-cleaning and fluoride application intervention. The number of cases and the mean of caries loss in the two groups were compared by χ 2 test.@*Results@#Before the intervention, 43 children in the control group suffered from caries, with 88 dmf, including 44 dmf for boys and 44 dmf for girls. There were 45 children in the intervention group, with 101 dmf, including 49 dmf for boys and 52 dmf for girls. There was no significant difference in the number of dmf between the intervention group and the control group ( χ 2=0.91, P >0.05), and there was no significant difference in the prevalence rate (15.0%, 14.3%, χ 2=0.05, P >0.05). After the intervention, there were 26 new dental caries and 43 dmf in intervention group, including 25 dmf for boys and 18 dmf for girls. In the control group, there were 83 new dental caries and 168 dmf, including 72 dmf for boys and 96 dmf for girls. Compared with the control group, the new dmf in the intervention group was significantly different ( χ 2=75.38, P < 0.05). The number of new dental caries patients in the intervention group was significantly different from that in the control group ( χ 2=36.42, P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#Comprehensive interventions to prevent dental caries can significantly reduce the incidence of primary teeth caries in children. It is suggested to intervene dental caries as early as possible to reduce the incidence of dental caries and other oral diseases.

Effect of sedentary interval intervention on body composition and blood lipid metabolism of obese female college students / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the intervention effect of sedentary interval on body composition and blood lipid metabolism of obese female college students, so as to provide reference for health promotion among obese students.@*Methods@#Eighty obese female college students from first and second grades were randomly assigned into three groups, the control group ( n =28), experimental group A ( n =26), and experimental group B ( n =26), between September and November 2022. The participants received appropriate dietary guidance, a 90-minute optional physical education course was offered to control group once a week, on the basis of the control group, experimental group A performed 5-minute-intermittent brisk walking (6 km/h) during each break. Experimental group B performed 5-minute-intermittent brisk walking (6 km/h) during each break for the first 4 weeks, then changed to 4-minute-brisk walking (6 km/h) and 1-minute-rope skipping (60 skips/min) during each break for weeks 5-8, and changed to 4-minute-brisk walking (6 km/h) and 1-minute-rope skipping (80 skips/min) during each break for 9-12 weeks. The intervention was performed 10 times per day, with the interruption time and frequency on weekends remaining the same. Body mass index (BMI), body fat rate (BFR), waist hip ratio (WHR), visceral fat index (VFI), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were measured before and after the experiment.@*Results@#After 12 weeks intervention, there were no significant differences in body composition and blood lipids in control group ( P >0.05), BMI, BFR, VFI and TG in Group A were lower than those before intervention ( t=3.20, 2.80, 8.19, 2.21, P <0.05), BMI, BFR, WHR, VFI, TG, TC, LDL-C were lower and HDL-C in group B were higher than those before intervention ( t=6.27, 5.85, 10.82 , 19.91, 3.86, 3.29, 7.20, -4.93, P <0.01). There were significant differences in BMI, BFR, WHR, VFI and HDL-C among the three groups ( F=24.01, 23.77, 10.00, 15.28, 6.72, P <0.01), and the intervention effects of BMI, BFR and HDL-C in group B were better than those in group A and control group ( P <0.01).@*Conclusion@#The intervention of brisk walking and rope skipping had a good effect on improving body composition and blood lipid metabolism of obese female college students. Schools should make good use of the time between classes and adopt short-time and high-intensity exercise intervention to improve the body composition and blood lipid metabolism of obese students.