Application of nursing intervention based on information-knowledge-attitude-practice model in preventing radiodermatitis in tumor radiotherapy patients / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To explore the effect of nursing intervention based on information-knowledge-attitude-practice model (IKAP) in preventing radiodermatitis in tumor radiotherapy patients.Methods:This was a quasi-experimental study. A total of 72 patients who received radiotherapy in the Department of Oncology, the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University from August to October 2022 were selected and divided into the experimental group and the control group with 36 patients in each group by randomized digits table method. The control group received routine nursing, while the experimental group received nursing based on the IKAP. The self-management efficacy, radiodermatitis, self-perceived burden and quality of life of patients in the two groups were evaluated one day before and at the end of radiotherapy.Results:Thirty-five patients from each group completed the study. There were 11 males and 24 females in the control group, aged (58.09 ± 7.33) years old. There were 13 males and 22 females in the experimental group, aged (58.06 ± 7.28) years old.There was no statistically significant difference in self-management efficacy, self-perceived burden, and quality of life scores between the two groups of patients before intervention (all P>0.05). After intervention, the self-management efficacy,self-perceived burden, and quality of life scores of the experimental group were (106.89 ± 3.78), (18.69 ± 2.21), and (8.09 ± 1.27) points, respectively, the control group was (80.69 ± 5.76), (29.97 ± 2.48), and (15.91 ± 2.37) points, respectively. The differences between the two groups were statistically significant ( t=2.50, 1.12, 7.24, all P<0.01). The incidence of radiodermatitis above grade 2 in the experimental group was 31.4%(12/35), which was lower than 60.0%(21/35) in the control group, the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=4.64, P<0.01). Conclusions:Nursing intervention based on IKAP can improve the self-management efficacy, reduce the self-perceived burden and the incidence of radiodermatitis, and further improve the quality of life of tumor radiotherapy patients.

Study on the Knowledge-Attitude-Practice questionnaire for patients receiving oral anticoagulant therapy based on the Delphi method / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To develop a questionnaire of the Knowledge-Attitude-Practice （KAP） for patients receiving oral anticoagulant therapy. METHODS Under the guidance of the theory of KAP， literature analysis and interview method were used to design the initial KAP questionnaire for patients treated with oral anticoagulants. Delphi method was adopted to consult the initial questionnaire and modify the questionnaire based on expert suggestions to form the final questionnaire. RESULTS Two rounds of consultation were conducted with 18 experts， and 18 questionnaires were sent out and recovered in each round， so the positive coefficient of experts was 100%. The expert authority coefficient was 0.94. The average importance scores for all dimensions， factors， and items of the questionnaire in both rounds were ≥4 points. The coefficient of variation was ≤0.25. The Kendall’s concordance coefficient for the overall questionnaire and the three dimensions of knowledge， attitude， and practice ranged from 0.09 to 0.34 （all P＜0.05）. Following the first round of expert consultation， four items were modified， two items were deleted， and five items were added； after the second round of expert consultation， ten items were modified. The final version of the questionnaire included three dimensions （knowledge， attitudes， and practice）， 17 questionnaire factors， and 40 items. CONCLUSIONS The questionnaire has high reliability and scientific validity with relatively concentrated expert opinions. It is suitable for assessing the knowledge， attitudes， and practice status of patients receiving oral anticoagulant therapy.

Analysis of HPV vaccine-related KAP and its influencing factors among resident women aged 16-45 years in Pudong New Area / 中国生物制品学杂志

@#Objective To analyze the related knowledge-attitude-practice(KAP)and the influencing factors of human papilloma virus(HPV)vaccine among 16 — 45 year old resident women in Pudong New Area.Methods Six of the 36streets(towns)in Pudong New Area were randomly selected as the survey site,the resident women aged 16 — 45 years were randomly selected excluding those with reading or comprehension disabilities and those with mental disorders,and a total of 1 022 valid questionnaires were collected through self-filling questionnaires to understand the KAP status of the HPV vaccine among the resident women in Pudong New Area. The relationship among KAP of HPV vaccine and its influencing factors were analyzed by univariate analysis and structural equation model.Results The overall awareness rate of HPV vaccine among 16-45 year old resident women in Pudong area was higher. Univariate analysis showed that marital status,educational level,employment status and household annual income were related to the awareness level of HPV vaccine（χ~2=12. 832,17. 636,16. 770 and 20. 030,respectively,each P < 0. 05）;Age,marital status,employment status and children′s status were correlated with HPV vaccination level（χ~2= 12. 382,25. 777,8. 830 and 20. 138,respectively,each P <0. 05）;HPV vaccine health education,HPV and HPV vaccine knowledge scores affected HPV vaccination status（χ~2=97. 561 and 68. 969,respectively,P < 0. 001）;Subjects' knowledge of cervical cancer was positively affected by knowledge of HPV infection(γ_(11)= 0. 756,P < 0. 001). Knowledge of cervical cancer not only positively affected subjects′ attitudes towards the efficacy of HPV vaccine(β_(21)= 0. 557,P < 0. 001),also had a direct effect on the HPV vaccination behavior of the subjects,showing a promoting effect(β_(31)= 0. 274,P = 0. 004). Subjects′ approval of the efficacy of HPV vaccine had a positive effect on their actual vaccination behavior(β_(32)= 0. 175,P = 0. 016).Conclusion The willingness of the 16 — 45 year old resident women in Pudong New Area to inoculate HPV vaccine was positive,but the actual vaccination rate was low. It is suggested to strengthen the HPV vaccine publicity while strengthening the education of cervical cancer and HPV infection,and consider the necessity of including the suitable age males in the scope of human vaccination.

Assessment of patients'knowledge, attitude and practice of cross-infection control in the dental clinic during COVID-19 pandemic

Background:The emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a highly contagious disease that causes viral respiratory illness, has changed the lifestyle of humans worldwide. Dental practitioners and patients are at high risk of infection during their routine practice due to their exposure to saliva, blood, and droplet production.Aim:To gain insight into the patient's viewpoint regarding the practice, altitude, and knowledge of COVID-19 and its transmission and cross-infection in dental clinics.Methods:This was cross­sectional analytic survey in dentistry during the COVID-19 pandemic. Aself-administered close-ended questionnaire consisting of 32 variables was distributed among the study participants. The data were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25. The level of significance was p ≤ 0.05. Results:The age of the participants varied from 20 - 58 years, with a mean age of 34.6 ±5. The majority (89.3%) felt COVID-19 was a highly contagious disease, while 50.0% of the respondents believed that the most common route of COVID-19 transmission in dentistry is through aerosols. The majority, 78.6%, recorded good knowledge of infection control following the COVID-19 outbreak. The number of married patients who had good knowledge of cross-infection control was 118, which was statistically significant.Conclusion:From the study, it is evident that the patients possess a good range of knowledge in both preventive and cross-infection protocols to follow during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the same cannot be said about the practice

Knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) study of Egyptian physicians towards HIV infection: a multicentre study

Introduction: In Egypt, there is a paucity of new data regarding awareness of HIV/AIDS among physicians. This study aimed to assess the level of awareness, attitude, practice, and knowledge of a sample of Egyptian physicians regarding HIV regarding natural history, epidemiology, and virology, method of transmission, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, prevention, and management.Methodology: Sixty-eight Egyptian physicians were enrolled in an observational analytic multicenter cross-sectional KAP study in Egyptian tertiary health care facilities covering different localities, including New Valley University, Assiut University, South Valley University, Helwan University, Alexandria University, Aswan University, and Al-Azhar University.Results: The attitude of physicians towards the privacy of persons living with HIV, was the one with the highest percentage 85.3%. On the other hand, respondents think that only 25% of physicians do not stigmatize HIV patients. Moreover, only 25% of the study group do not stigmatize persons living with HIV. The highest proportion of favorable practice was 39.7% and the lowest was 17.6%. With regard to their knowledge about HIV, the lowest proportion of correct answers to a question was 4.4%, and the highest proportion was 92.6%. Most of the enrolled physicians were found to have a moderate knowledge score, 49/68 (72%). There was a significant difference between different specialties regarding knowledge scores.Conclusions: There are some knowledge gaps among a sample of Egyptian physicians with regard to HIV/AIDS. In addition, Egyptian physicians may have a moderate degree of undesirable attitude and practice toward HIV/AIDS

Effect of information-knowledge-attitude-practice theory-based health education on clonorchiasis control among community residents and primary school students in Zhongshan City / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the effect of information-knowledge-attitude-practice (IKAP) theory-based health education interventions on clonorchiasis control among community residents and primary school students in Torch High-tech Development Zone of Zhongshan City, so as to provide insights into formulation of clonorchiasis control strategies among different types of populations.@*METHODS@#Residents were randomly sampled from two communities and students from two primary schools using a random cluster sampling method in Torch High-tech Development Zone, Zhongshan City from 2019 to 2021, and health education pertaining to clonorchiasis control was performed based on the IKAP theory. The changes in the awareness of basic clonorchiasis control knowledge and belief, self-reported risk of Clonorchis sinensis infections and dietary behaviors were compared among community residents and primary school students before and after health education interventions.@*RESULTS@#The participants included 146 male and 151 female community residents and 158 male and 153 female primary school students, with no significant difference detected in gender distribution (χ2 = 0.16, P > 0.05). The mean awareness of basic clonorchiasis control knowledge increased by 44.71% and 43.28% among primary school students and community residents 6 months following health education, and there were significant differences in the awareness of each item of basic clonorchiasis control knowledge before and after health education (χ2 = 41.53 to 284.44, all P values < 0.05). The proportions of primary school students and community residents thinking very high and high risks of C. sinensis infections increased from 9.35% and 6.71% before health education to 22.15% and 37.75% after health education, but only the difference of the attitudes in community residents achieve statistical significance (χ2 = 92.18, P < 0.05). The frequency of separation of raw and cooked foods with chopping board and knife significantly increased among community residents and primary school students following health education (χ2 = 16.04 to 62.65, all P values < 0.05). The frequency of eating raw freshwater fish (χ2 = 32.85, P < 0.05), fish congee (χ2 = 7.02, P < 0.05) and fish fillet hot pot (χ2 = 4.88, P < 0.05) significantly reduced among primary school students following health education, while only the frequency and proportions of eating raw freshwater fish have significantly reduced in community residents (χ2 = 11.77, P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Health education interventions based on the IKAP theory are effective to increase the awareness of clonorchiasis control knowledge and improve dietary behaviors associated with C. sinensis infections among community residents and primary school students in Zhongshan City.

Application evaluation of interactive group management in puerpera with diastasis recti abdominis / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To explore the application effect of interactive group management mode in puerpera with postpartum diastasis recti abdominis, and to provide reference for optimizing the health management of puerpera with rectus abdominis separation.Methods:This study was a randomized controlled trial. Convenience sampling method was used to select 114 puerpera with postpartum diastasis recti abdominis who were treated in Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Zhenjiang City from January to June 2022 as the research objects. According to the random number table method, the postpartum women were divided into an intervention group and a control group with 57 cases each. The intervention group received interactive group management for 12 weeks, while the control group received routine health guidance. Before and after the intervention, the two groups were evaluated by diastasis recti abdominis, rehabilitation knowledge-attitude-practice, general self-efficacy, and the duration of the first-level test results of the eight-level abdominal bridge.Results:The 55 cases were included in the final intervention group, while 56 cases were included in the control group. After intervention, the separation distance of rectus abdominis of the intervention group was (2.27 ± 0.47) cm, and that of the control group was (2.48 ± 0.39) cm. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( t = 2.53, P<0.05). The knowledge-attitude-practice total score and each item score of diastasis recti abdominis rehabilitation in the intervention group were (106.84 ± 5.78), (61.53 ± 4.29), (25.42 ± 2.26), (19.89 ± 1.89) points respectively while in the control group were (73.77 ± 8.33), (38.48 ± 7.56), (20.73 ± 3.07), (13.55 ± 1.99) points. The differences between the two groups were statistically significant ( t values were 9.16 -24.28, all P<0.01). The general self-efficacy score of the intervention group was (27.47 ± 3.16) points, and that of the control group was (26.05 ± 3.43) points. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( t = 2.26, P<0.05). The first-level test time of eight-level abdominal bridge in the intervention group was (80.29 ± 11.50) s, which was significantly higher than (29.39 ± 6.09) s in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant ( t = 29.20, P<0.01). The completion rate of exercise in the intervention group was (90.20 ± 1.83)%. Higher than (69.52 ± 8.04)% in the control group, with a statistically significant difference ( t = 13.73, P<0.01). Conclusions:Interactive group management can significantly ameliorate the separation distance of diastasis recti abdominis, increase the level of knowledge-attitude-practice of diastasis recti abdominis rehabilitation and the compliance of rehabilitation exercise, improve the self-efficacy, prolong the first-level test time of eight-level abdominal bridge, and improve the abdominal core muscle strength for puerpera.

Development of an assessment scale of knowledge, attitude and practice on diabetic microangiopathy for primary care general practitioners using Delphi method / 中华全科医师杂志

Objective:To develop an assessment scale for measuring knowledge, attitude and practice of general practitioners in primary care towards diabetic microangiopathy.Methods:The knowledge-attitude-practice (KAP) theory was used as a framework to draw up the initial item pool based on related literature and guidelines during March to October 2022. Two rounds of Delphi consultation were conducted among 15 experts from general medicine and related fields. The positive coefficient, authority coefficient and coordination coefficient of experts were calculated, and the threshold table of indexes was screened, and the final assessment scale of KAP was developed after the two rounds of consultation.Results:The developed primary care general practitioners′ KAP assessment scale for diabetic microangiopathy consists of 3 primary indexes and 52 secondary indexes(25 of knowledge scale, 13 of attitude scale, 14 of practice scale). The positive coefficient of experts was 100.0% and the authority coefficient of experts was 0.89 in both rounds of consultation; and the coordination coefficient of experts was 0.319 and 0.322 for the first and second consultations, respectively (both P<0.05). Conclusion:A KAP assessment scale of diabetic microangiopathy for primary care general practitioners has been developed in this study. The expert positive coefficient, authority coefficient and expert coordination coefficient meet the requirements, which provides reference for evaluating the management ability of diabetic microangiopathy of primary care general practitioners.

Effectiveness of Malaria Free Zone Program on the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Malaria Prevention among university students in Conakry, Guinea: Protocol of a Randomized Controlled Trial

@#Introduction: Malaria is a vector-borne disease caused by the bites of infected female mosquitoes that transmit the parasite to humans. In Guinea, the entire population is at risk of malaria infection. The objective of this study is to develop, implement and evaluate the effectiveness of the Malaria Free Zone program using the Health Belief Model (HBM) to improve malaria prevention knowledge, attitudes, and practices among university students in Conakry, Guinea. Methods: The study design is a clustered randomized controlled trial (RCT). Students are selected using the clustered sampling method, with each university representing one group, either the intervention or control group. The sample size is 113 university students from each group. The content of the Malaria Free Zone program includes eight sessions, which are based on the HBM constructs. This program takes approximately 6 hours and 30 minutes to complete. Respondents are required to complete a questionnaire over four time points. Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) will be used to determine the effectiveness of the Malaria Free Zone program on malaria prevention knowledge, attitudes, and practices, adjusted with covariates. Conclusion: It is expected that there will be a significant difference in knowledge, attitude, and practice of malaria prevention in the post-test, 2-week and 2-month follow up of the intervention group after the Malaria Free Zone program. Students in the intervention group will have significant higher knowledge, attitude and practice of malaria prevention compared to students in the control group. Trial Registration: PACTR202102614259601

Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Towards Dengue Prevention Among Students at Tan Sri Mustaffa Babjee College, Universiti Putra Malaysia

@#Introduction: The aim of this study was to assess the level of knowledge, attitude, and practice towards dengue prevention among students at Tan Sri Mustaffa Babjee College, Universiti Putra Malaysia. Method: An analytical cross-sectional survey was performed with 214 respondents from Tan Sri Mustaffa Babjee College residents using a simple random sampling method. A self-administered validated questionnaire was distributed to respondents through student email and Whatsapp phone application. The acquired data was then analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences Software (SPSS) Version 27. Results: The majority of the students had moderate knowledge (17.14 ± 2.510), attitude (30.69 ± 4.065) and practice (7.97 ± 2.224) towards dengue prevention. The year of study was the only sociodemographic characteristic that had a significant association with knowledge (χ2 = 18.288, P = 0.013), attitude (χ2 = 18.526, P = 0.010) and practice (χ2 = 19.194, P = 0.014) of dengue prevention, while the factor of the study programme (χ2 = 31.599, P = 0.002) were found to have significantly associated with the level of knowledge. Conclusion: There was a significant association between dengue prevention knowledge and practice (χ2 = 11.838, P = 0.019), but no significant association between knowledge and attitude, as well as practice and attitude. College management should organize and regularly implement the dengue control activities that focus on both preventive action and expanding awareness of dengue prevention to ensure lifetime action and effective methods in controlling dengue.

Development of a Valid and Reliable Scale to Assess Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) on Frailty, Nutrition and Exercise among Malaysian Elderly

@#Introduction: “Frailty Intervention through Nutrition Education and Exercise (FINE)” program is an educational program, an initiative to ameliorate frailty status among elderly due to the alarming number of frailty cases in Malaysia. The current study aims to develop and determine the validity and reliability of the KAP questionnaire on frailty, nutrition and exercise to assess the effectiveness of the “FINE” program among the Malaysian elderly. Methods: The KAP questionnaire was created based on the developed frailty module and education materials. Content and face validity were conducted before the reliability study among five health professionals and 20 elderly, while 79 elderly were involved in a reliability study in three different Projek Perumahan Rakyat (PPR) flats in the Kuala Lumpur area. Data were analysed to determine its internal consistency reliability. Results: Six items were removed during content and face validity, two from each domain. All items in the knowledge section were within an acceptable range of difficulty and discrimination following the item analysis. Yet, item-to-total correlation removes one item for attitude and four items for the practice domain. The analysis found that the internal consistency reliability was 0.852, 0.732 and 0.600 for the KAP section, respectively. Conclusion: The final version of the KAP questionnaire consisted of (11) knowledge, nine (9) attitudes and six (6) practice items proven to be valid and reliable. Thus, it could be used to assess the effectiveness of the “FINE” program among the Malaysian elderly.

Determining compliance with the COVID-19 daily symptom monitoring tool used to identify suspected COVID-19 workers of the military health support formation employees of the South African national defence force

Introduction: the COVID-19 pandemic had prompted governments in many countries to enact laws and policies to combat the spread of COVID-19 at work. The DEL required every worker to be screened when they arrived at work. Screening methods included self-reporting symptoms using a symptom monitoring tool. This study aimed to determine compliance with the symptom monitoring tool by assessing the knowledge, attitude, and practice of the MHSF employees. Methods: a cross-sectional questionnaire was administered to the employees. Information related to demographic, COVID-19 exposure, knowledge of COVID-19 and the symptom monitoring tool, attitude towards the symptom monitoring tool and practices towards COVID-19 and the symptom monitoring tool was collected. Results: a total of 90 participants participated in the study. The majority (N=45; 50%) of respondents were aged between 30 and 39 years old, with more female (N=50) than male (N=40) participants. The majority (N=51; 56.7%) only had grade 12 as the highest level of education. There were 25% (N=10) of males and 20% (N=10) of females who contracted COVID-19. The relationship between the COVID-19 positive cases and the symptom monitoring tool identifying symptoms had a strong negative correlation (-0.932). Respondent's knowledge of COVID-19 and the symptom monitoring tool was moderate (72.4%), with the attitude to the symptom monitoring tool being moderate (63.3%) as well. However, the practices of the COVID-19 guidelines and the symptom monitoring tool were good (93.3%).

Knowledge and practice of covid-19 preventive measures: comparative analysis of medical and non-medical students university of Port Harcourt

The influence of COVID-19 has impacted the education sector just like it has other sectors. This study examined the level of knowledge, attitude, and practice of COVID-19 preventive measures among medical and non-medical students of the University of Port Harcourt, Rivers StateMethod: A comparative cross sectional study design using a self-administered structured questionnaire involving a total of 406 students; medical (200) and non-medical (200), using multi-stage sampling. Frequency, percentages, means, and standard deviation were used to describe data where necessary. Chi-square and Fisher exact was used to compare knowledge, attitude, and practice of COVID-19 preventive measures between medical and non-medical students. Results:The mean age of medical and non-medical students was 25.04 and 22.59 respectively. A total of 70% from medical students arm received COVID-19 vaccines while 15.5% of non-medical students arm. 152(73.8%) non-medical students and 123(61.5%) medical studentshad good knowledge of COVID-19. Positive attitude toward COVID-19 preventive measures was showed by 119(59.5%) medical students and 62(30.1%) non-medical students. Concerning practice of COVID-19 preventive measures, 99(48.1%) medical students and78(39.0%) non-medical students practiced appropriately. A chi-square test for association showed that gender, academic level, religion, accommodation status, vaccination status, geopolitical zone, and faculty of students were significantly associated withknowledge, attitude, and practice of COVID-19 preventive measures. Chi-square test also showed that knowledge of COVID-19 was significantly associated with the practice of COVID-19 preventive measures. Conclusion: Non-Medical students had better knowledge than medical student although difference was not significant. Attitude was good and practice of COVID-19 preventive measures was poor among medical students, while poor attitude and poor practice among non-medical students was observed

Knowledge and practice of COVID-19 preventive measures: comparative analysis of medical and non-medical students University of Port Harcourt

Background: The influence of COVID-19 has impacted the education sector just like it has other sectors. This study examined the level of knowledge, attitude, and practice of COVID-19 preventive measures among medical and non-medical students of the University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State Method: A comparative cross sectional study design using a selfadministered structured questionnaire involving a total of 406 students; medical (200) and non-medical (200), using multi-stage sampling. Frequency, percentages, means, and standard deviation were used to describe data where necessary. Chi-square and Fisher exact was used to compare knowledge, attitude, and practice of COVID-19 preventive measures between medical and non-medical students. Results: The mean age of medical and non-medical students was 25.04 and 22.59 respectively. A total of 70% from medical students arm received COVID-19 vaccines while 15.5% of non-medical students arm. 152(73.8%) non-medical students and 123(61.5%) medical students had good knowledge of COVID-19. Positive attitude toward COVID-19 preventive measures was showed by 119(59.5%) medical students and 62(30.1%) nonmedical students. Concerning practice of COVID-19 preventive measures, 99(48.1%) medical students and 78(39.0%) non-medical students practiced appropriately. A chi-square test for association showed that gender, academic level, religion, accommodation status, vaccination status, geopolitical zone, and faculty of students were significantly associated with knowledge, attitude, and practice of COVID-19 preventive measures. Chisquare test also showed that knowledge of COVID-19 was significantly associated with the practice of COVID-19 preventive measures. Conclusion: Non-Medical students had better knowledge than medical student although difference was not significant. Attitude was good and practice of COVID-19 preventive measures was poor among medical students, while poor attitude and poor practice among non-medical students was observed.

COVID-19: Knowledge, attitude, and practice of health-care workers in tertiary care hospitals of Odisha – A cross-sectional survey

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a contagious viral pathogen, creating a public health emergency, and affecting lives and livelihood of millions of populations globally. Good knowledge, attitude, and practice are essential to prevent and stop the widespread transmission. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding COVID-19 among health-care workers (HCWs) in tertiary care hospitals of Odisha. Materials and Methods: The present study is an observational, cross-sectional, and question-based online research. Questions were created on Google forms. Link was generated and given through social media apps. The questionnaire consists of four sections. First section comprised demographic characteristics. Second, third, and fourth sections contain questions on knowledge, attitude, and practice related to COVID-19, respectively. Descriptive and inferential statistical procedures were done through IBM SPSS statistics version 24.0. The research was granted approval by Institute Ethics Committee of IMS and SUM Hospital. Results: Data were analyzed in 430 subjects, 205 females and 225 males. The majority of HCWs have good knowledge score 86.5%, attitude score 80.9%, and practice score 91.2%. The mean knowledge score was 6.6 ± 0.84 and mean attitude score was 28.5 ± 1.89. Knowledge and attitude score was found to be significantly different among age groups and gender, p<0.001. Mean attitude score had a significant difference with working status, P = 0.025. Mean knowledge and attitude score was significantly higher across professions and work experience, P < 0.001. Good practice score varies significantly across professions, P < 0.001. Conclusions: The most of HCWs had good knowledge, positive attitude, and adopted appropriate practices regarding COVID-19. Periodic educational interventions are strongly recommended for HCWs to upgrade their knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding coronavirus diseases.

Knowledge, attitude, and practice of ophthalmic manifestations in COVID-19 patients at a tertiary care center

Purpose: Since the start of the COVID?19 pandemic, various manifestations have been reported, including ophthalmic symptoms, especially with the different mutations and variants that have occurred over the last few years. In view of this, our study was conducted to gauge the knowledge, attitude, and practices of patients toward the ophthalmic manifestations of COVID?19. Methods: This was a hospital?based, cross?sectional, observational study. Patients who had tested positive for COVID?19 were asked to answer a detailed questionnaire about their knowledge of COVID?19 ophthalmic symptoms, their experience with the symptoms, and their attitude and practice toward the same. The data collected was analyzed using Microsoft Excel, and the Chi?squared test was used to determine significant differences in the results among different demographic profiles. Results: Our study found that 82 (39%) of the 210 participants were aware that COVID?19 could present with symptoms in the eyes. A total of 47 participants had experienced eye symptoms of COVID?19. Among them, only 15 (31.91%) consulted and received treatment from an ophthalmologist or general physician for the same. Most of them (59.57%) did not seek any treatment, and 8.5% self?medicated or used non?allopathic forms of medicine. The most common symptom was redness of the eyes, reported by 57.44% of those who had eye symptoms. Conclusion: Most people were unaware of ocular manifestations of COVID?19 and most of those who were aware were medical professionals. Amongst those who developed symptoms, only a minority sought medical treatment.

Knowledge, attitude, and practice on adverse drug reaction monitoring among health-care professionals in a tertiary care hospital

Background: Pharmacovigilance has constantly gained importance in the past 15 years, relating to absolute amount of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and to the fact that several hospital admissions are due to ADRs. Knowledge of ADRs and practice of pharmacovigilance by healthcare professionals will definitely help to evaluate the quality of pharmacotherapy in hospitals and effectively decrease the occurrence of ADRs. Aims and Objectives: The objectives are as follows: (1) To assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of health care professionals (HCPs) toward ADR monitoring and (2) to assess the causation of underreporting of ADRs. Materials and Methods: This study was a cross-sectional questionnaire-based study. The questionnaire was distributed to 328 HCPs which included al doctors, nurses and pharmacists serving in ESIC Medical College and Hospital, Kalaburagi. HCPs who did not give consent to fill the questionnaire were excluded from the study. Results: The response rate was 82.92%. In our study, only 25.75% were aware that ADR reporting is to be done by doctors, nurses and pharmacists, and 40.44% felt that ADR reporting should primarily done by doctors alone. Overall participants who knowledge about ADRs and pharmacovigilance were 48.8%. Although 75.7% participants agreed that ADR reporting is important, over 76.5% HCPs felt that reporting ADR would be an obligation. In this study 12.5% HCPs have ever reported ADR despite having experienced one during their clinical practice. Majority of the HCPs had a belief that a single ADR reporting would not change the ADR database; hence, this could be one of the reasons for low rate of reporting ADRs. Conclusion: In our study, though the level of knowledge and attitude toward ADR reporting was adequate among the HCPs, there was poor practice of ADR reporting. Necessary measures to be taken to create awareness among HCPs about Pharmacovigilance Programme in India. They should be trained to spontaneously report ADRs.

A cross-sectional study on self-reported knowledge, attitudes and practices on end-of-life care of residents-in-training in Ospital ng Makati

Background@#The Ospital ng Makati is a tertiary government hospital that is currently on its birthing phase of establishing the palliative foundation in the hospital in terms of the handling the terminally ill and dying patients by providing them quality of life while in the hospital and if still possible, to assist the family in the transition to home care.@*Objective@#The objective was to determine the baseline knowledge, attitude and practices of the resident physicians who are undergoing training in the Ospital ng Makati.@*Methods@#A cross-sectional study was conducted among the resident physicians of Ospital ng Makati to know the knowledge, attitude and practices with regards to the assessment of their end of life care understanding. A self-administered validated questionnaire was distributed among the participants from a previous study done by Pamplona that was utilized to facilitate the survey.@*Results@#A total of 65 people took part in the study, with a median age of 20 to 39 years old. The majority of the participants were female (40%) and Roman Catholic 60 (92.3% ). The department of Pediatrics had a significant number of participants (24.6%). The University of the East Ramon Magsaysay Memorial Medical Center had a significant number of the participants 13 (20%). The majority 25. (38.5%) of the respondents are generally first years. The total of 65 respondents resulted to overall response rate of 56.5%.@*Conclusion@#The findings demonstrated that knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to palliative care were identified through this cross-sectional report. Interestingly, even though the majority of the participants had no prior exposure or rotation to palliative and hospice care and demonstrated a lack of understanding of the notion of palliative and hospice medicine, they had an appropriate understanding of palliative medicine in general.

A Questionnaire-Based study to assess Health Care Providers' knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding Oral Health and Oral Care for Hospitalized patients at St Giles Psychiatric Hospital in Fiji

@#A mental disorder is a pattern of behavior or thought that causes severe suffering or impairs one's ability to function. Due to their inability to lead a regular life, mentally challenged people have been found to have poor oral health. The aim of this study was to assess health care providers’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding oral health care of hospitalized patients at St Giles Psychiatric Hospital in Fiji. A cross-sectional survey design was employed in which 29 health care providers completed a questionnaire that collected socio-demographic information, knowledge, attitude and practices regarding oral health maintenance and care of psychiatric patients. Results revealed that all participants (100%), had knowledge on oral health and oral hygiene practices. However, only 9 nurses (50%) and 5 ward orderlies (63%) reported practicing oral hygiene for in – patients. In fact, 5 (17%) respondents did not view oral hygiene as an important aspect in their patients’ health. All participants (100%) reported unavailability of oral hygiene aids and absence of frequent dental visits, as a key barrier in the oral health care of patients. The results emphasize on the need for a formal training program for health care providers, and clear policies and guidelines about oral health care of hospitalized patients must be instituted.

Effect of Wechat KAP intervention on medication adherence and treatment outcome of college students with depression / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective:To explore the effect of Wechat knowledge-attitude-practice(KAP) intervention on medication adherence and treatment outcome of college students with depression.Methods:A total of 184 college students with depression who received medical treatment in psychiatric outpatient department of Tsinghua university from January 2019 to September 2021 were divided into control group and intervention group( n=92 in each group). All students in both groups received routine health education, and students in intervention group received additional Wechat KAP intervention.Before and after the intervention, the changes of disease knowledge and medication attitude were investigated by self-made questionnaires. Medication adherence rating scale (MARS) was used to investigate medication adherence three times in half a year. Before and half a year after the intervention, self-rating anxiety scale(SAS) and self-rating depression scale(SDS) were measured and the treatment outcome was evaluated by △SAS and △SDS combined with GI. SPSS 11.5 was used for statistical analysis of data, including t-test and chi square test. Results:At the end of the 4th, 12th and 24th week, the shedding rates of the intervention group (13.04%, 18.48%, 31.52%) were lower than those of the control group (33.70%, 46.74%, 59.78%) ( χ2=10.96, 16.72, 14.81, all P<0.001). At the end of the 4th week and the 12th week, the MARS scores of the intervention group (6.57±1.67, 7.55±1.79) were higher than those of the control group (5.06±1.62, 6.53±1.76)( t=5.41, 3.13, both P<0.01), and the proportion of people who wanted to stop the medicine by themselves in the intervention group (5/80, 14/75) was lower than that of the control group (22/61、20/49)( χ2=19.87, 7.31, both P<0.01). After half a year, the △SAS and △SDS of the intervention group (12.01±2.01, 11.65±2.03) were higher than those of the control group (8.11±1.91, 7.83±1.82) ( t=13.38, 13.33, both P<0.001). GI in the intervention group showed significant improvement in 31 cases, slight improvement in 28 cases, no change in 24 cases, and deterioration in 8 cases, which were better than those in the control group (20 cases, 21 cases, 31 cases and 18 cases)( χ2=8.10, P=0.044). Conclusion:Wechat KAP intervention is beneficial to improve the medication adherence and treatment outcome of patients with depression.