Application of narrative medical model in communication with cancer patients with low education level / 四川精神卫生

ObjectiveTo investigate the application value of narrative medical model in communication with cancer patients with low education level. MethodsRetrospective analysis was performed on 80 cancer patients with low education level who were hospitalized in West China Hospital of Sichuan University from March 2019 to April 2020. They were randomly divided into control group （n=40） and observation group （n=40）. The control group received conventional nursing intervention， while the observation group received narrative medical nursing mode intervention. Both groups received intervention for 6 months. The Self-rating Anxiety Scale （SAS）， Self-rating Depression Scale （SDS）， Morisky Medication Adherence Scale （MMAS-8）， Social Support Rating Scale （SSRS） and self-designed knowledge of the disease and cognition questionnaire were used for evaluation before and after intervention. ResultsAfter intervention， the SAS and SDS scores of observation group were lower than those of control group （t=7.493， 8.314， P<0.01）. After intervention， medication compliance of observation group was higher than that of control group （χ2=4.012， P=0.045）. SSRS subscale score and total score were higher than those in control group （t=2.198， 7.548， 2.664， 4.248， P<0.05 or 0.01）. After intervention， the mastery rate of knowledge about the disease and the excellent and good rate of cognitive behavior in observation group were higher than those in control group （χ2=4.588， 5.541， P<0.05）. ConclusionThe narrative medical model is of certain application value in communication with cancer patients with low education level. It can better improve the patients’ negative emotions， social support， and knowledge and cognition of the disease.

Accuracy of the semantic fluency test to separate healthy old people from patients with Alzheimers disease in a low education population / Acurácia do teste de fluência semântica para separar pessoas saudáveis de pacientes com doença de Alzheimer em uma população de baixa escolaridade

OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the accuracy of two semantic categories of the verbal fluency test (supermarket and animal categories) to separate healthy elderly individuals and lower educated Alzheimer's disease patients. METHODS: We evaluated 69 older adults with less than 5 years of schooling, consisting of 31 healthy elderly, and 38 patients diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease. Semantic verbal fluency was evaluated using the animal and supermarket categories. Mann-Whitney U and Independent t Tests were used to compare the two groups, and the diagnostic accuracy of the tests was analyzed by sensitivity, specificity, likelihood ratio's, and the Area Under the Curve (AUC). RESULTS: We found a significant difference between the healthy older and Alzheimer's disease groups, in both, animal (p = 0.014) and supermarket verbal fluency (p < 0.001). The supermarket category showed better overall diagnostic accuracy (AUC = 0.840, 95% CI = 0.746-0.933; p < 0.001) compared to the animal category (AUC = 0.671, 95% CI = 0.543-0.800; p = 0.014). CONCLUSION: The supermarket category of semantic verbal fluency provides better accuracy than the animal category for the identification of dementia in a Brazilian elderly population with low educational level.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a acurácia de duas categorias semânticas do teste de fluência verbal (categorias de supermercado e animal) para separar idosos saudáveis e pacientes com doença de Alzheimer com baixa escolaridade. MÉTODOS: Avaliamos 69 idosos com menos de 5 anos de escolaridade, consistindo em 31 idosos saudáveis e 38 pacientes diagnosticados com a doença de Alzheimer. A fluência verbal semântica foi avaliada nas categorias animal e supermercado. O teste de Mann-Whitney U e o teste t independente foram usados para comparar os dois grupos, e a precisão diagnóstica dos testes foi analisada por sensibilidade, especificidade, razão de verossimilhança e área sob a curva (AUC). RESULTADOS: Encontramos uma diferença significativa entre os grupos de idosos saudáveis e com doença de Alzheimer, tanto na fluência verbal de animais (p = 0,014) quanto na de supermercado (p < 0,001). A categoria supermercado apresentou melhor precisão diagnóstica geral (AUC = 0,840; IC 95% = 0,746- 0,933; p < 0,001) em comparação com a categoria animal (AUC = 0,671; IC 95% = 0,543-0,800; p = 0,014). CONCLUSÃO: A categoria supermercado de fluência verbal semântica fornece melhor acurácia do que a categoria animal para a identificação de demência em uma população idosa brasileira com baixo nível educacional.

Performance of low-educated elders with depression on Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination-Revised (ace-r) test / O desempenho no Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination-Revised (ACE-R) e seus domínios cognitivos em idosos de baixa escolaridade

ABSTRACT. Along with cognitive disorders, depression has been a concern for mental health services due to its highly debilitating effect on the functioning and quality of life of the elderly. However, there is still little understanding of the cognitive alterations resulting from depression or of the difficult differential diagnosis with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). It is known that performance on cognitive tests is strongly influenced by education but few studies have been conducted involving low-educated populations. Objective: To evaluate the performance of elders with low education and no dementia on Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination-Revised (ACE-R) test and its cognitive domains, and compare patients with Current Major Depressive Episode (CMDE) against those without depressive symptoms. Methods: A retrospective, cross-sectional analytical study was conducted based on medical files of patients treated at the Cerebral Aging Clinic of the Hospital São Lucas of the PUCRS. The study included 116 individuals with low education (< 8 years of education) aged between 60 and 84 (69.6 ± 6.4) years, with MCDE (N = 41) and controls (N = 75). Results: No significant difference was observed between control and MCDE groups in median scores on the ACE-R, Mini-Mental State Examination, and the five cognitive domains. There was also no difference between the groups on separate analyses of results on the clock drawing test, the categorical verbal and phonological fluency test, and the naming test. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that depressive symptoms did not influence scores on the ACE-R tests conducted in elders with low education.

Depressão, juntamente com os transtornos cognitivos, tem sido uma preocupação entre os serviços de saúde mental, devido ao alto índice de prejuízo na funcionalidade e qualidade de vida desta população. Contudo, ainda permanece em aberto a compreensão das alterações cognitivas decorrentes da depressão e de difícil diagnóstico diferencial com o comprometimento cognitivo leve (CCL). Sabe-se que o desempenho nos testes cognitivos é fortemente influenciados pela escolaridade, no entanto, poucos estudos tem sido realizados em populações de muito baixa escolaridade. Objetivo: Avaliar o desempenho no Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination-Revised (ACE-R) e seus domínios cognitivos em idosos de baixa escolaridade, sem demência, e comparar aqueles que tem diagnóstico de Episódio de Depressão Maior Atual (EDMA), com os que não têm quadro depressivo. Métodos: Estudo transversal analítico, retrospectivo, através dos prontuários dos pacientes atendidos no Ambulatório de Envelhecimento Cerebral (AMBEC) do Hospital São Lucas da PUCRS. Foram incluídos 116 indivíduos com baixa escolaridade (< 8 anos de estudo) e idade entre 60 e 84 anos (69,6 ± 6,7), com EDMA (N = 41) e controles (N = 75). Resultados: Na comparação das médias do ACE-R e os cinco domínios cognitivos, entre o grupo controle e o grupo com EDMA, não foi observada diferença significativa. Também não houve diferença entre os grupos quando analisado separadamente os resultados do teste do relógio, da fluência verbal categórica e fonológica e do teste de nomeação. Conclusão: Como observado neste estudo, os sintomas depressivos não modificam os valores dos testes realizados no ACE-R de idosos com baixa escolaridade.

Patients Presenting with Advanced Human Immunodeficiency Virus Disease: Epidemiological Features by Age Group

We explored factors influencing presentation with advanced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease by age group. Data were derived from a city-wide cross-sectional survey of 759 HIV-infected adults living in Seoul, Korea. The significance of each observed factor was assessed via multivariate logistic regression. Of subjects aged 20-34 years, lower educational level had a positive influence on presentation with advanced HIV disease (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.43; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.36-4.34); those recently diagnosed with HIV were more likely to be presented with advanced HIV disease (aOR, 3.17; 95% CI, 0.99-10.2). Of the subjects aged 35-49 years, those w ith advanced HIV disease were more likely to have been diagnosed during health check-ups (aOR, 2.91; 95% CI, 1.15-7.32) or via clinical manifestations (aOR, 3.61; 95% CI, 1.39-9.36). Of the subjects aged > or = 50 years, presentation with advanced HIV disease was significantly more common in older subjects (aOR per increment of 5 years, 2.06; 95% CI, 1.32-3.23) and less common among individuals diagnosed with HIV in 2000-2006 (aOR, 0.18; 95% CI, 0.04-0.83). In conclusion, a lower educational level in younger subjects and more advanced age in older subjects positively influence the presentation of advanced HIV disease.

Patients Presenting with Advanced Human Immunodeficiency Virus Disease: Epidemiological Features by Age Group

We explored factors influencing presentation with advanced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease by age group. Data were derived from a city-wide cross-sectional survey of 759 HIV-infected adults living in Seoul, Korea. The significance of each observed factor was assessed via multivariate logistic regression. Of subjects aged 20-34 years, lower educational level had a positive influence on presentation with advanced HIV disease (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.43; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.36-4.34); those recently diagnosed with HIV were more likely to be presented with advanced HIV disease (aOR, 3.17; 95% CI, 0.99-10.2). Of the subjects aged 35-49 years, those w ith advanced HIV disease were more likely to have been diagnosed during health check-ups (aOR, 2.91; 95% CI, 1.15-7.32) or via clinical manifestations (aOR, 3.61; 95% CI, 1.39-9.36). Of the subjects aged > or = 50 years, presentation with advanced HIV disease was significantly more common in older subjects (aOR per increment of 5 years, 2.06; 95% CI, 1.32-3.23) and less common among individuals diagnosed with HIV in 2000-2006 (aOR, 0.18; 95% CI, 0.04-0.83). In conclusion, a lower educational level in younger subjects and more advanced age in older subjects positively influence the presentation of advanced HIV disease.

VALORACIÓN AMBIENTAL PARA LA GENERACIÓN DE UN MODELO PARTICIPATIVO DE EDUCACIÓN NO FORMAL / ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT FOR THE GENERATION OF A PARTICIPATORY MODEL OF NON FORMAL EDUCATION

El propósito de este artículo es establecer un diagnóstico de los humedales de Bañó y Los Negros basado en el análisis y caracterización de las esferas social, económica y natural, a fin de entender las causas de los eventos físicos, económicos, sociales y educativos que expliquen el desfasamiento entre percepciones y culturas adecuadas para la sostenibilidad ambiental del territorio y la consideración de tales causas para la generación de un modelo educativo no formal. La problemática ambiental existente en los humedales es el resultado de las presiones de tipo antrópico a la que han sido sometidos, la ausencia de una cultural ambiental ha llevado a sus habitantes a desequilibrar tales ecosistemas. Como resultado del diagnóstico territorial se identificaron una serie de problemas ambientales: desecación de humedales, pérdida de la biodiversidad, deficientes condiciones sanitarias, contaminación del suelo y agua, y manejo inadecuado de residuos. Factores como el bajo nivel educativo, las escasas oportunidades de empleo y los pocos ingresos por núcleo familiar inciden de forma indirecta en el deterioro de los humedales. Se resalta que un 85,8% del total de la población tiene más de 16 años de vivir en el área de estudio, por lo tanto tienen un conocimiento empírico de los humedales y de los problemas presentes en ellos.

The purpose of this article is to establish a diagnosis of the wetlands of Bañó and Negros based on the analysis and characterization of the social, economic and natural spheres in order to understand the causes of physical, economic, social and educational events that explain the destaging between perceptions and cultures adequate for the environmental sustainability of the territory and the consideration of such causes for the generation of a non-formal educational system. The existing environmental problem in the wetlands of Bañó and Negros is the result of the pressures of anthropic type they have been submitted to, the absence of an environmental culture has led residents to unbalance the ecosystems in mention. As a result of the territorial diagnosis, a number of environmental problems ranging from desiccation of wetlands, loss of biodiversity, poor sanitary conditions, soil and water pollution to inappropriate waste management were identified. Factors such as a low level of education, limited employment opportunities and little household income affect indirectly the deterioration of wetlands. It's important to note that 85,8% of the total population has been living in the study area for more than 16 years. Therefore they have a broad knowledge of the wetlands and of the problems present in them.

Cognitive output of a neuropsychological stimulation program in an elderly day care center with low educated participants: an observational study / Desfecho cognitivo de um programa de estimulação neuropsicológica em um centro dia para idosos com participantes de baixa escolaridade: um estudo observacional

OBJECTIVE: In the present paper we present an observational study of the implementation of a Neuropsychological Stimulation Program at an Elderly Day Care Center in low-educated participants with very similar backgrounds concerning social economic status. METHODS: The implemented program tackled several dimensions, including daily orientation sessions, cognitive stimulation sessions twice a week, followed by movement sessions, and structured sessions conducted every two weeks. Cognitive Evaluation was performed before and after implementation of the program. RESULTS: Results are discussed taking into consideration cognitive outputs as well as non-cognitive outputs and the specificities of community-based intervention. CONCLUSION: It was concluded that community-based intervention is set to become vital in promoting dementia prevention.

OBJETIVO: No presente artigo, apresentamos um estudo observacional sobre a implementação de um Programa de Estimulação Neuropsicológica em um Centro Dia para idosos, envolvendo idosos de baixa escolaridade com perfil socioeconômico homogêneo. MÉTODOS: O programa implementado abordou várias dimensões, incluindo sessões diárias de orientação, sessões de estimulação cognitiva duas vezes por semana, seguidas de sessões de atividade motora, e sessões estruturadas que foram conduzidas a cada duas semanas. A avaliação cognitiva foi conduzida antes e depois da implementação do programa. RESULTADOS: Os resultados são discutidos levando em consideração desfechos cognitivos e não-cognitivos e as especificidades da intervenção de base comunitária. CONCLUSÃO: Concluiu-se que a intervenção com base na comunidade será vital para a prevenção das demências.