Effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy on fear of the disease progression, sleep and quality of life in patients with acute ischemic stroke / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To explore the effects of mindfulness-based decompression therapy on fear of disease progression, quality of life and sleep quality in patients with acute ischemic stroke, in order to provide intervention measures to alleviate fear of the disease progression degree and improve sleep and quality of life in patients with acute ischemic stroke.Methods:This study was a randomized controlled study. Using the convenience sampling method, 98 patients with acute ischemic stroke who attended the Department of Neurology at the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University from November 2021 to September 2022 were selected for the study, and the study population was divided into experimental group ( n=49) and control group ( n=49) using the random number table method. The control group received conventional care, and the experimental group received mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy for 8 weeks in addition to conventional care. Compared the scores of the Fear of Progression Questionnaire-Short Form (FoP-Q-SF), Stroke-Specific Quality of Life Scale (SS-QOL), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) between the two groups of patients before and after intervention using two independent sample t-tests, and further compared the score spread of each scale before and after intervention between the two groups of patients using Mann-Whitney U test. Results:In the experimental group, 4 cases fell off and 3 cases had imperfect questionnaire information, while in the control group, 2 cases fell off and 5 cases had imperfect questionnaire information. Finally, 42 cases were included in each group. The 23 males and 19 females in the control group aged (48.31 ± 7.61) years old, while 25 males and 17 females in the experimental group aged (50.19 ± 8.64) years old. There was no significant difference in FoP-Q-SF, SS-QOL and PSQI scores between the two groups before intervention (all P>0.05). After intervention, the scores of FoP-Q-SF and PSQI in the experimental group (35.79 ± 7.04, 7.19 ± 2.58) were lower than those in the control group (38.52 ± 4.02, 9.45 ± 2.28), while the SS-QOL score (200.36 ± 21.75) was higher than that in the control group (185.41 ± 15.90), the differences were statistically significant ( t=2.19, -4.26, 3.60, all P<0.05). After intervention, the scores of FoP-Q-SF and PSQI in the experimental group were lower than those before intervention (39.69 ± 4.15, 10.00 ± 2.85), while the SS-QOL score was higher than that before intervention (176.93 ± 23.54), the differences were statistically significant ( t=4.80, 10.45, -11.43, all P<0.05). The score spreads of FoP-Q-SF, SS-QOL, and PSQI in the experimental group before and after intervention were 1.00 (0.00, 9.25), 20.00 (12.75, 32.75), 3 (1, 4), which were higher than 1.00 (-1.25, 2.00), 5.50 (1.00, 10.25), 0 (-1, 2) in the control group, the differences were statistically significant ( Z=-2.30, -5.74, -5.53, all P<0.05). Conclusions:Mindfulness-based decompression therapy can effectively relieve the fear of disease progression and improve the quality of sleep and life in patients with acute ischemic stroke.

Health benefit of mindfulness intervention for older adults with insomnia disorders: a systematic review / 中国康复理论与实践

ObjectiveTo conduct a systematic review of the health benefits of mindfulness interventions for older adults with insomnia disorders. MethodsThematic keyword search was conducted in databases including Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, EBSCO, CNKI, VIP and Wanfang data, for literature on the impact of mindfulness intervention on sleep quality in older adults with insomnia disorders, published up to August, 2023. The methodological quality of the researches was evaluated using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale. Insomnia disorders, sleep function and mindfulness interventions were coded using International Classification of Diseases 11th Revision, International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, and International Classification of Health Interventions Beta-3； and a systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA. ResultsNine researches from four countries were included, involving 800 participants, and all the researches were randomized controlled trials. The average score of PEDro scale was 7.1. The health-related conditions were insomnia disorders and insomnia disorders complicated with mild cognitive impairment. Mindfulness interventions used included mindfulness-based therapy for insomnia, mindfulness-based stress reduction, mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and mindfulness meditation. Interventions were implemented in institutions or health centers, care facilities, and community health service centers, varying from six to eight weeks. Health benefits of mindfulness intervention included improvements in sleep quality and psychological and behavioral health. ConclusionMindfulness interventions effectively improve sleep quality in older adults with insomnia disorders, alleviate negative emotional states such as depression, anxiety and perceived stress, and improve the quality of life.

A meta-analysis of safety of mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy / 中国心理卫生杂志

Objective:To systematically review the adverse events and relatedfactors ofmindfulness-based stress reduction therapy(MBSR)and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy(MBCT).Methods:By searching the randomized controlled trails of adverse events and adverse effects of MBSR and MBCT from PubMed,CINAHL,Embase,Web of Science,Scopus,Proquest,ScienceDirect,PsycINFO databases and unpublished studies and grey literature,and traces the references and related journals of the included studies.The databases were searched from inception to June 1,2022.Meta analysis was performed by using RevMan 5.4 softwareto calculate combined odds radio(OR)and 95％CI.Results:Fifteen literatures with a total of 2 841 subjects were included in the study.The results of meta-analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences in the incidence of adverse events or adverse reactions between theMBSR and MBCT group and the control group(OR=2.48,95％CI:1.09-1.61,P＜0.05).The mindfulness-based intervention methods(only MBSR,OR=9.04,95％CI:5.34-15.30),the un-derlying diseases of the participants(complicated with mental disorders,OR=1.49,95％CI:1.12-1.97;compli-cated with physical diseases,OR=8.65,95％CI:5.17-14.45),exercise intensity(once a week for 8 weeks,each time more than 2 hours,OR=1.43,95％CI:1.04-1.96)and the level of mindfulness therapists(did not underg-one standardized training,OR=1.96,95％CI:1.20-3.23)were factors that may affect the occurrence of adverse events or adverse reactions in the process of MBSR and MBCT.Conclusion:During the MBSR and MBCT thera-py,there may be occur adverse events or adverse effects.

Relationship among subjective well-being,depression-anxiety-stress and dispositional mindfulness in professional athletes / 中国心理卫生杂志

Objective:To explore the relationship among subjective well-being and depression-anxiety-stress and dispositional mindfulness in professional athletes,and the role of cognitive fusion and experiential avoidance and age in the relationship.Methods:Totally 423 professional athletes were selected and assessed with the Satisfac-tion with Life Scale(SWLS),Positive Affect Scale(PAS),Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scale(DASS-21),Five Fac-et Mindfulness Questionnaire(FFMQ),Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire(CFQ),and Acceptance and Action Ques-tionnaire-Ⅱ(AAQ-Ⅱ).Results:After controlling for gender,the FFMQ scores were positively correlated with SWB scores(β=0.35),and negatively correlated with DASS-21 scores(β=-0.40).The scores of CFQ and AAQ-Ⅱplayed a sequential mediating role in the relationship between FFMQ scores and the scores of SWB and DASS-21(β=0.04,-0.12).Age moderated the relationship between the scores of FFMQ and SWB(β=-0.01).Conclu-sion:The subjective well-being and depression-anxiety-stress may be related to dispositional mindfulness in profes-sional athletes,and age could moderate the relationship between subjective well-being and dispositional mindful-ness.

Effect of TIMBER on post-traumatic stress symptoms in rehabilitation patients with limb dysfunction after accidental trauma / 陆军军医大学学报

Objective To explore the impact of trauma interventions using mindfulness based extinction and reconsolidation(TIMBER)on post-traumatic stress symptoms in rehabilitation patients with limb dysfunction after accidental trauma.Methods Convenient sampling was used to select 46 rehabilitation patients with limb dysfunction after accidental trauma(impact of event scale-revised,IES-R total score ≥33)admitted to Department of Rehabilitation Medicine of the First Affiliated Hospital from March 2022 to May 2023.They were randomly divided into an intervention group(TIMBER intervention)and a control group(health education of knowledge about mental health).IES-R,Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale(HADS),and Self-Rating Scale of Sleep(SRSS)were employed to survey the participants before(T1),at the end of(T2),and 1 month after intervention(T3).The changes in post-traumatic stress symptoms,anxiety symptoms,depression symptoms,and sleep were compared between the 2 groups of patients.Results There were no statistically differences in demographic information and various psychological variables between the 2 groups at T1(P＞0.05).The intervention group got their total and various dimensional scores of IES-R,and scores of anxiety,depression,and sleep at T2 and T3 significantly decreased when compared with these scores at T1(P＜0.01),and all the scores at T2 and T3 were obviously lower in the intervention group than the control group(P＜0.05).Compared with T1,the avoidance and intrusion scores and total IES-R score were declined in the control group at T2 and T3,with statistical significance(P＜0.05),while no such differences were observed in the scores of high alertness,anxiety,depression,and sleep(P＞0.05).Conclusion TIMBER significantly improves the post-traumatic stress symptoms,anxiety symptoms,depression symptoms,and sleep in rehabilitation patients with limb dysfunction after accidental trauma.

Effect of mindfulness-based therapy on postoperative cognitive function and sleep quality in elderly patients after surgery under local anesthesia / 四川精神卫生

BackgroundPostoperative cognitive dysfunction （POCD） is a common complication in elderly patients after surgery， and has a great impact on postoperative rehabilitation of patients. ObjectiveTo explore the effect of mindfulness-based therapy on cognitive function and sleep quality in elderly patients after surgery under local anesthesia， so as to provide references for reducing their incidence risk of POCD and improving sleep quality. MethodsThe simple random sampling method was utilized to select 78 elderly patients who underwent surgery under local anesthesia in The Third Hospital of Mianyang from March 2022 to March 2023. Participants were assigned into study group and control group， each with 39 cases. All patients were subjected to conventional treatment and nursing interventions， and study group added mindfulness-based therapy on this basis. Mini-Mental State Examination （MMSE） was administered to patients on 1 day before surgery， and on the 1st， 3rd and 5th day after surgery. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index （PSQI） was employed on 1 day before surgery and on the 3rd day after surgery. ResultsMMSE scores revealed a significant time effect， group effect and time×group interaction effect （F=78.251， 197.071， 371.915， P<0.05）. Analysis of simple effect denoted that study group scored higher on MMSE on the 1st， 3rd and 5th day after surgery compared with control group， with statistical significance （t=-3.579， -1.764， -0.253， P<0.05）. Study group reported lower incidence rates of POCD on the 1st， 3rd and 5th day after surgery compared with control group， with statistical significance （χ2=2.631， 3.471， 5.135， P<0.05）. On the 3rd day after surgery，study group scored lower on PSQI than control group（P<0.05）， and PSQI total score， sleep latency， subjective sleep quality， daytime dysfunction and hypnotic drug use factor scores of study group were lower than baseline， with statistical significance（F=43.175， 12.594， 11.092， 4.579， 3.514， P<0.01）. ConclusionMindfulness-based therapy may have certain value in reducing incidence of POCD and improving sleep quality in elderly patients who underwent surgery under local anesthesia.

Relationship between insecure attachment and procrastination in college students： path analysis of mindfulness and self-control / 四川精神卫生

BackgroundPrevention and intervention of procrastination in college students are of great practical significance， and studies have illustrated a pairwise correlation among mindfulness， self-control， insecure attachment and procrastination， whereas the mechanism by which insecure attachment leads to procrastination remains unclear， and the related mediation path is quite understudied. ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of insecure attachment on procrastination among college students and the pathway of mindfulness and self-control， so as to inform the design of interventions for procrastination among college students. MethodsRandom and cluster sampling method were utilized to enroll 514 college students from 4 colleges in Guangdong Province From February to April 2023. Subjects were assessed using Irrational Procrastination Scale （IPS）， Adult Attachment Scale （AAS）， Mindful Attention Awareness Scale （MAAS） and Brief Self-Control Scale （BSCS）. Pearson correlation analysis were adopted to identify the correlation among above scales， and the mediation effect was examined via Bootstrap procedure. ResultsAAS score was positively correlated with IPS score （r=0.382， P<0.01）， and negatively correlated with MAAS and BSCS scores （r=-0.242， -0.353， P<0.01）. IPS score was negatively correlated with MAAS and BSCS scores （r=-0.314， -0.682， P<0.01）. MAAS score was positively correlated with BSCS score （r=0.439， P<0.01）. Insecure attachment positively predicted procrastination （β=0.377， P<0.01）， and the prediction of procrastination by insecure attachment was mediated by self-control， with an indirect effect value of 0.163 （95% CI： 0.105~0.223）， accounting for 43.24% of the total effect value. The mindfulness and self-control exerted a chained mediation effect on the relationship between insecure attachment and procrastination， and the indirect effect value was 0.056 （95% CI： 0.028~0.089）， accounting for 14.85% of the total effect value. ConclusionInsecure attachment can influence procrastination among college students both directly and indirectly through the single mediation of self-control or the chained mediation of mindfulness and self-control. ［Funded by 2023 National College Student Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program （number， 202310570023）］

Randomized crossover clinical trial of a Mindfulness-based intervention for nurse leaders: A pilot study / Ensayo clínico aleatorizado cruzado de una intervención basada en mindfulness con enfermeros líderes: estudio piloto / Ensaio clínico randomizado cruzado de uma intervenção baseada em mindfulness em enfermeiros líderes: estudo-piloto

Objective: to analyze the effects of a Mindfulness-based intervention on nurse leaders' emotional intelligence and resilience. Method: a pilot study of a randomized crossover clinical trial. The sample (n=32) was randomized into Group A (n=18) and Group B (n=14) and evaluated at the pre-test, post-test and follow-up moments. The outcomes were assessed using the Emotional Intelligence Measure, the Connor-Davidson Resilience Questionnaire and the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire, and analyzed using Generalized Linear Mixed Models. Results: a total of 32 nurses with a mean age of 42.6 years old were evaluated. The analyses showed significant interactions between the effects of the group x moment factors on the Self-motivation (p=0.005), Sociability (p<0.001), Self-control (p=0.013), and Total (p=0.002) emotional intelligence skill scores; as well as on the Observe (p=0.042), Describe (p=0.008), Non-judgment (p<0.001), Act with awareness (p=0.004) and Total (p<0.001) mindfulness facets. Post-test: there was a statistically significant increase in the Sociability (p=0.009) and Self-control (p=0.015) emotional intelligence skills; as well as in the Non-judgment (p=0.022) and Total (p=0.002) mindfulness facets. Follow-up: a significant increase was observed in the Non-judgment (p=0.024) and Total (p=0.026) mindfulness facets. The "resilience" variable did not present statistical significance in the "group x moment" factor, both in the post-test and during follow-up. Conclusion: the Mindfulness-based intervention used proved to be effective in increasing nurse leaders' emotional intelligence and dispositional mindfulness skills. Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (RBR-3c62gy), registered on March 4 th , 2020, updated on September 16 th , 2022.

Objetivo: analizar los efectos de una intervención basada en mindfulness sobre la inteligencia emocional y la resiliencia de enfermeros líderes. Método: estudio piloto de un ensayo clínico aleatorizado cruzado. Muestra (n=32) aleatorizada en el grupo A (n=18) y grupo B (n=14), se los evaluó en el pretest, postest y seguimiento. Los resultados fueron evaluados mediante la Medida de Inteligencia Emocional, el Cuestionario de Resiliencia de Connor-Davidson y el Cuestionario Mindfulness de Cinco Facetas, y analizados por el Generalized Linear Mixed Models . Resultados: fueron evaluadas 32 enfermeras con una edad promedio de 42,6 años. Los análisis mostraron interacciones significativas de los efectos de los factores grupo vs. momento en los puntajes de las habilidades de automotivación (p=0,005), sociabilidad (p<0,001), autocontrol (p=0,013) y total (p=0,002) de inteligencia emocional; de las facetas observar (p=0,042), describir (p=0,008), no juzgar (p<0,001), actuar con conciencia (p=0,004) y total (p<0,001) de mindfulness. Postest: hubo un aumento estadísticamente significativo de las habilidades de sociabilidad (p=0,009) y autocontrol (p=0,015) de inteligencia emocional; de las facetas no juzgar (p=0,022) y total (p=0,002) de mindfulness . Seguimiento: se observó un aumento significativo en las facetas no juzgar (p=0,024) y total (p=0,026) de mindfulness . La variable resiliencia no presentó significación estadística en el factor grupo vs. momento en el postest y seguimiento. Conclusión: la intervención basada en mindfulness utilizada demostró ser eficaz para aumentar la inteligencia emocional y las habilidades de mindfulness disposicional de los enfermeros líderes. Registro Brasileño de Ensayos Clínicos (RBR-3c62gy), registrado el 4 de marzo de 2020, actualizado el 16 de septiembre de 2022.

Objetivo: analisar os efeitos de uma intervenção baseada em mindfulness na inteligência emocional e resiliência de enfermeiros líderes. Método: estudo-piloto de ensaio clínico randomizado cruzado. Amostra (n=32) randomizada em grupo A (n=18) e grupo B (n=14), avaliados nos momentos pré-teste, pós-teste e seguimento. Os desfechos foram avaliados pela Medida de Inteligência Emocional, pelo Questionário de Resiliência Connor-Davidson e pelo Questionário das Cinco Facetas de Mindfulness , e analisados pelo Generalized Linear Mixed Model . Resultados: foram avaliadas 32 enfermeiras com idade média de 42,6 anos. As análises mostraram interações significativas dos efeitos dos fatores Grupo x Momento nos escores das habilidades de automotivação (p=0,005), sociabilidade (p<0,001), autocontrole (p=0,013) e total (p=0,002) de inteligência emocional; das facetas observar (p=0,042), descrever (p=0,008), não julgar (p<0,001), agir com consciência (p=0,004) e total (p<0,001) de mindfulness . Pós-teste: houve aumento estatisticamente significante das habilidades de sociabilidade (p=0,009) e autocontrole (p=0,015) de inteligência emocional; das facetas não julgar (p=0,022) e total (p=0,002) de mindfulness . Seguimento: observou-se aumento significativo das facetas não julgar (p=0,024) e total (p=0,026) de mindfulness . A variável resiliência não apresentou significância estatística no fator Grupo x Momento, no pós-teste e seguimento. Conclusão: a intervenção baseada em mindfulness utilizada mostrou-se efetiva no aumento das habilidades de inteligência emocional e mindfulness disposicional de enfermeiros líderes. Registro Brasileiro de Ensaios Clínicos (RBR-3c62gy), registrado em 04 de março de 2020, atualizado em 16 de setembro de 2022.

Mindful eating durante a gravidez: um estudo comparativo conforme a atenção pré-natal / Mindful eating during pregnancy: a comparative study according to prenatal care

Mudanças no estilo de vida global levaram a comportamentos alimentares disfuncionais durante a gravidez. Nesse sentido, a abordagem Mindful Eating é uma prática com potencial para influenciar positivamente os hábitos alimentares, com impacto benéfico na saúde das gestantes. Para avaliar os níveis de Mindful Eating de mulheres antes e durante a gravidez e associá-los ao tipo de assistência pré-natal (Sistema Único de Saúde ou Setor Privado), foi realizado um estudo transversal com 184 gestantes com idade ≥18 anos, acompanhadas por Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) ou Setor Privado no município de Lavras-MG, Brasil. Foram coletados dados socioeconômicos e obstétricos e informações sobre Mindful Eating foram obtidas por meio do questionário autoaplicável de Mindful Eating. O Mindful Eating foi maior durante a gravidez do que durante o período pré-gestacional. As gestantes atendidas pelo SUS apresentaram menor nível de Mindful Eating em comparação às mulheres do setor privado. As atendidas pelo SUS obtiveram maiores valores durante o período gestacional na subescala Emocional. As gestantes que atenderam no setor privado obtiveram valores mais elevados durante o período gestacional nas subescalas Consciência, Distração e Desinibição. Durante a gravidez, as mulheres apresentaram níveis mais elevados de Mindful Eating, indicando uma melhoria no comportamento alimentar. A pontuação do Mindful Eating das mulheres atendidas no pré-natal pelo Setor Privado foi superior a das mulheres atendidas pelo SUS, necessitando de intervenção individualizada em cada setor para abranger os fatores socioeconômicos inerentes a cada grupo e sua influência na melhoria dos comportamentos alimentares.

Changes in the global lifestyle have led to dysfunctional eating behaviors during pregnancy. In this sense, the Mindful Eating approach is a practice with the potential to positively influence eating habits, with a beneficial impact on the health of pregnant women. To evaluate the levels of Mindful Eating of women before and during pregnancy and to associate them with the type of prenatal care (Unified Health System or Private Sector), a cross-sectional study was conducted with 184 pregnant women aged ≥18 years, accompanied by the Unified Health System (SUS) or the Private Sector in the municipality of Lavras-MG, Brazil. Socioeconomic and obstetric data were collected, and information on Mindful Eating was obtained through the self-administered Mindful Eating Questionnaire. Mindful Eating was higher during pregnancy than during the pre-gestational period. Pregnant women assisted by SUS showed lower Mindful Eating compared with women in the private sector. Those attended by SUS obtained higher values during the gestational period in the Emotional subscale. Pregnant women who attended in the private sector obtained higher values during the gestational period in the Awareness, Distraction and Disinhibition subscales. During pregnancy, women presented higher levels of Mindful Eating, indicating an improvement in eating behavior. The Mindful Eating score of women attended in prenatal care by the Private Sector was higher than that of women attended by SUS, requiring individualized intervention in each sector to cover the socioeconomic factors inherent to each group and their influence on the improvement of eating behaviors.

Relação entre videogames de ação, mindfulness e medo da COVID-19 em universitários / Relationship between action video games, mindfulness and fear of COVID-19 in university students / Relación entre videojuegos de acción, mindfulness y miedo al COVID-19 en estudiantes universitarios

A interação com videogame aumentou significativamente na pandemia de COVID-19. Por outro lado, um aspecto atencional que pode apresentar alterações relacionadas à quantidade de interação com videogames de ação é o mindfulness. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi verificar uma possível relação entre o uso de videogames de ação (em horas semanais), o mindfulness e o medo da COVID-19. Para tanto, solicitou-se a jogadores e não jogadores de videogames de ação com idades entre 18 e 29 anos (n = 384, M = 21,6, DP = 2,6) que respondessem à Escala de Medo da COVID-19 e à Escala de Facetas do Mindfulness. Os resultados não demonstraram relação significativa entre uso de videogames de ação e mindfulness, mas apontaram que jogadores de videogame de ação apresentaram menos medo da COVID-19. Discute-se como o escapismo proporcionado pelo jogo pode explicar, em parte, uma diminuição da atenção a informações relativas à doença

Interaction with video games increased significantly in the COVID-19 pandemic. On the other hand, an attentional aspect that may show changes related to the amount of interaction with action video games is mindfulness. Therefore, the objective of this study was to verify a possible relationship between the use of action video games (in weekly hours), mindfulness and fear of COVID-19. To this end, players and non-players of action video games aged between 18 and 29 years (n = 384, M = 21.6, SD = 2.6) were asked to respond to the Covid Fear Scale and the Facets of Mindfulness. Results did not demonstrate a significant relationship between the use of action video games and mindfulness, but showed that action video game players were less afraid of COVID-19. It is discussed how the escapism provided by the game can partly explain a decrease in attention to information related to the disease

La interacción con videojuegos aumentó en la pandemia de COVID-19. Por otro lado, un aspecto atencional que puede presentar cambios relacionados con la cantidad de interacción con los videojuegos de acción es el mindfulness. Luego, el objetivo de este estudio fue verificar una relación entre uso de video-juegos de acción, mindfulness y miedo al COVID-19. Se pidió a jugadores y no jugadores de videojuegos de acción de entre 18 y 29 años (n = 384, M = 21,6, SD = 2,6) que respondieran a la Escala de Miedo al COVID y la Escala de Facetas de Mindfulness. Los resultados no demostraron una relación significativa entre uso de videojuegos de acción y mindfulness, pero señalaron que jugadores de videojuegos de acción tenían menos miedo a la COVID-19. Se discute cómo el escapismo proporcionado por el juego explicaría en parte una disminución en la atención a la información relacionada con la enfermedad

How the practice of Mindfulness influences the treatment of patients with chronic non-cancer pain associated or not with other therapies: systematic review / Como a prática de Mindfulness influencia no tratamento de pacientes com dor crônica não oncológica associado ou não a outras terapias: revisão sistemática

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Chronic pain has a significant impact on patients' quality of life and the use of drug therapy is often insufficient. Therapies based on Mindfulness come in different forms and have been used as a strategy to manage this condition. Practices can guide attention to the present, help reinterpret pain and improve physical and emotional control skills via the cingulate cortex, somatosensory cortex, parietal operculum, cuneus, and anterior insula. This study seeks to evaluate the results of Mindfulness in terms of its influence on the quality of life of patients with chronic non-cancer pain and the neural changes that this practice promotes, such as greater or lesser activation or variation in size of areas as insula and cingulate cortex, and how these interfere with the perception of pain, with the aim of verifying the applicability of Mindfulness as a complementary method to treatment in this group of patients. CONTENTS: Systematic Review submitted to PROSPERO datadase under number 359011. The search was carried out in the Pubmed, Medline, LILACS and DIALNET databases between 2019 and 2022 with the descriptors and Boolean operator [(MINDFULNESS) AND (CHRONIC PAIN)]. The selection of articles includes randomized clinical trials, cohort studies and case control studies in English, Spanish and Portuguese languages. The risk of bias was assessed using ROB2 and the quality of evidence using GRADE. After analysis, ten studies were assessed as essential for this review. Articles that addressed Mindfulness intervention for chronic pain that responded and added information to the research question were included and articles that did not focus on "Mindfulness" and "chronic pain", studies without free access and texts whose results were not published up to the date of the search were excluded. To analyze Mindfulness therapies, the majority of studies cover more than 50 patients and use scales such as the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI-DPN Q4), Patient Global Impression of Change (PGIC), Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ), Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire (CPAQ) and Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS). CONCLUSION: The practice of Mindfulness can reduce chronic pain and improving its perception, acceptability and quality of life by enabling the reduction of suffering, anxiety and stress associated with pain through neural changes. As there are limitations in the studies regarding the specific target population and standardization of assessment, it is recommended that future articles address the practice in children, the elderly and athletes with chronic pain, in addition to a detailed methodology to evaluate and promote the sessions. It should be noted that Mindfulness is not a cure for chronic pain, however it presents safety and effectiveness in its different application protocols, with a level of evidence similar to cognitive behavioral therapy.

RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A dor crônica tem um impacto significativo na qualidade de vida dos pacientes e o uso de terapia farmacológica muitas vezes é insuficiente. As terapias baseadas em Mindfulness (Atenção Plena) apresentam-se de diversas formas e têm sido utilizadas como estratégia no manejo dessa condição. As práticas podem conduzir a atenção ao presente, auxiliar na reinterpretação da dor e aprimorar habilidades de controle físico e emocional via córtex cingulado, somatossensorial, opérculo parietal, cúneo e ínsula anterior. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a Mindfulness quanto a sua influência na qualidade de vida dos pacientes com dor crônica não oncológica e as alterações neurais que essa prática promove, como maior ou menor ativação ou variação de tamanho de áreas como a ínsula e córtex cingulado, e como estas interferem na percepção da dor, tendo como finalidade verificar a aplicabilidade da Atenção Plena como método complementar ao tratamento nesse grupo de pacientes. CONTEÚDO: Revisão Sistemática submetida no banco de dados PROSPERO sob o número 359011. Realizou-se a busca nas bases de dados Pubmed, Medline, LILACS e DIALNET entre 2019 e 2022 com os descritores e operador booleano [(MINDFULNESS) AND (CHRONIC PAIN)]. Incluiu-se na seleção de artigos ensaios clínicos randomizados, estudos de coorte e estudos de caso controle nos idiomas inglês, espanhol e português. O risco de viés foi avaliado pelo ROB2 e a qualidade de evidência por meio do GRADE. Após análise, 10 estudos foram avaliados como essenciais para esta revisão. Foram incluídos os artigos que abordavam intervenção em Mindfulness para dor crônica que responderam e agregaram informações à pergunta da pesquisa e excluídos os artigos que não possuem o foco em "Mindfulness" e "dor crônica", estudos sem livre acesso e textos cujos resultados não foram publicados até a data da busca. Para analisar as terapias de Mindfulness, os estudos, em sua maioria, abordam mais de 50 pacientes e usam escalas como o Brief Pain Inventory (BPI-DPN Q4), Patient Global Impression of Change (PGIC), Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ), Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire (CPAQ) e Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS). CONCLUSÃO: A prática de Mindfulness é capaz de diminuir a dor crônica e melhorar sua percepção, aceitabilidade e qualidade de vida ao possibilitar a redução do sofrimento, ansiedade e estresse associados à dor por meio de alterações neurais. Por haver limitações nos estudos com relação à população-alvo específica e à padronização de avaliação, recomenda-se que artigos futuros abordem a prática em crianças, idosos e atletas com dor crônica, além de metodologia detalhada para avaliar e promover as sessões. Ressalta-se que a Mindfulness não é uma cura para a dor crônica, no entanto apresenta segurança e eficácia em seus diferentes protocolos de aplicação, com nível de evidência similar à terapia cognitiva comportamental.

Entendimento de Psicólogos Clínicos Brasileiros Sobre Mindfulness / Understanding of Brazilian Clinical Psychologists About Mindfulness / Comprensión de los Psicólogos Clínicos Brasileños Sobre la Atención Plena

Resumo: A prática de mindfulness tornou-se um tema relevante devido às evidências de sua eficácia para o tratamento de muitas condições de saúde, especialmente as de saúde mental, que suscitaram o interesse de clientes e psicoterapeutas quanto a sua aplicação clínica. No entanto, não há dados sobre o conhecimento de mindfulness por parte de psicólogos clínicos, o que afeta diretamente a habilidade de utilizar ou recomendar práticas baseadas na. Este estudo, de levantamento descritivo, exploratório e transversal, buscou caracterizar o conhecimento sobre mindfulness descrito por psicólogos clínicos brasileiros. Participaram do estudo 417 psicólogos de diferentes abordagens e estados brasileiros, que responderam a um questionário online. Dados quantitativos foram analisados por frequências, proporções e teste qui-quadrado. Para dados qualitativos, utilizou-se o método de classificação hierárquica descendente. Dessa maneira, foram identificadas cinco classes de descrição de mindfulness: ausência de conhecimento, efeitos, abordagem terapêutica, técnicas e definição operacional. Concluiu-se que os resultados refletem a necessidade de integrar o tema na formação acadêmica em psicologia, capacitando mais o psicólogo para fornecer adequadamente ao cliente informações, recomendações ou aplicação de mindfulness no contexto da prática clínica.

Abstract: The practice of mindfulness has become a relevant topic due to the evidence of its effectiveness for treating many health conditions, especially those of mental health, which aroused the interest of clients and psychotherapists regarding its clinical application. However, there is no data on the knowledge that clinical psychologists have about mindfulness, which directly affects their ability to use or recommend practices based on the technique. This descriptive, exploratory, and cross-sectional study aimed to characterize the knowledge about mindfulness described by Brazilian clinical psychologists. A total of 417 psychologists from different approaches and Brazilian states, which answered an online questionnaire, participated in the study. Quantitative data were analyzed by frequencies, proportions, and chi-square test. For qualitative data, the descending hierarchical classification method was used. Thus, five classes of mindfulness description were identified: lack of knowledge, effects, therapeutic approach, techniques, and operational definition. In conclusion, the results reflect the need to integrate the theme in professional training in psychology, better training the psychologist to adequately provide the client with information, recommendations, or application of mindfulness in the context of clinical practice.

Resumen: La práctica de atención plena ha cobrado relevancia debido a la evidencia de efectividad para muchas afecciones de salud, sobre todo de salud mental, la cual despertó el interés de clientes y psicoterapeutas con respecto a su aplicación clínica. Sin embargo, no existen datos sobre el conocimiento que tienen los psicólogos clínicos sobre la atención plena, lo que incide directamente en la capacidad de utilizar o recomendar prácticas basadas en esta práctica en el contexto clínico. Este estudio descriptivo, exploratorio y transversal tuvo como objetivo caracterizar el conocimiento sobre atención plena descrito por psicólogos clínicos brasileños. En este estudio participaron 417 psicólogos de diferentes enfoques y estados brasileños quienes respondieron un cuestionario en línea. Los datos cuantitativos se analizaron por frecuencias, proporciones y prueba de chi-cuadrado. Para los datos cualitativos se utilizó el método de clasificación jerárquica descendente. Como resultado, se identificaron cinco clases de descripción de atención plena: falta de conocimiento, efectos, enfoque terapéutico, técnicas y definición operativa. Se concluye que los resultados muestran la necesidad de integrar el tema en la formación académica en psicología, ofreciendo más capacitación al psicólogo para proporcionar al cliente información, recomendaciones o aplicación de la atención plena en el contexto de la práctica clínica.

Intervención digital basada en la atención plena para estrés y ansiedad generalizada en trabajadores universitarios / Digital intervention based on mindfulness for stress and generalized anxiety in university workers

Resumen Objetivo: Analizar el efecto y la percepción de una intervención digital, basada en atención plena para disminuir el estrés y ansiedad generalizada entre los trabajadores de la Universidad Veracruzana (UV). Materiales y Métodos: Un ensayo clínico aleatorizado se llevó a cabo con 102 participantes, divididos en un grupo experimental y un grupo control para evaluar el efecto de una intervención a través de WhatsApp, en la reducción del estrés y la ansiedad. El grupo experimental recibió un programa de meditación con el fin de capacitarlos y enseñarles a practicar la atención plena. Se utilizaron las escalas de estrés percibido PSS-10 y del trastorno de la ansiedad generalizada GAD-7 para evaluar el efecto de la intervención. Los participantes expresaron su opinión sobre la intervención mediante entrevistas focalizadas con preguntas estandarizadas. Resultados: Se encuentra una disminución en las medianas del nivel de estrés percibido y ansiedad generalizada del grupo experimental entre el momento pre-intervención y post-intervención, con una diferencia estadísticamente significativa, p=0.012 y p=0.013, respectivamente. En el grupo control se visualiza un ligero aumento en dichos niveles y no se identifican diferencias significativas entre la medición basal y final, tanto en estrés como en ansiedad. En el análisis del espectro del discurso, se examinó la categoría de "Usabilidad" y se identificaron diferentes aspectos relacionados con la percepción, participación y recomendación de la intervención. Conclusiones: Se encontró una mejoría estadísticamente significativa en los niveles de estrés y ansiedad generalizada. Se demuestra que, realizar intervenciones en salud pública que involucren la tecnología, es cada vez más adaptable y contribuye al avance del conocimiento dentro del autocuidado de la salud mental entre los trabajadores de la Universidad Veracruzana.

Abstract Objective: To analyze the effect and perception of a digital intervention, based on mindfulness to reduce stress and generalized anxiety among workers at the Universidad Veracruzana (UV). Materials and Methods: A randomized clinical trial was carried out with 102 participants, divided into an experimental group and a control group to evaluate the effect of an intervention through WhatsApp in reducing stress and anxiety. The experimental group received a meditation program in order to train and teach them to practice mindfulness. The PSS-10 Perceived Stress and GAD-7 Generalized Anxiety Disorder scales were used to assess the effect of the intervention. Participants expressed their opinion about the intervention through focused interviews with standardized questions. Results: There is a decrease in the median level of perceived stress and generalized anxiety of the experimental group between the pre-intervention and post-intervention moments, with a statistically significant difference, p=0.012 and p=0.013, respectively. In the control group, a slight increase in said levels was observed and no significant differences were identified between the baseline and final measurement, both in stress and anxiety. In the discourse spectrum analysis, the "Usability" category was examined and different aspects related to the perception, participation and recommendation of the intervention were identified. Conclusions: A statistically significant improvement was found in the levels of stress and generalized anxiety. It is shown that carrying out public health interventions that involve technology is increasingly adaptable and contributes to the advancement of knowledge within mental health self-care among workers at the Universidad Veracruzana.

Eficácia de uma intervenção online para prevenção da ansiedade: um ensaio clínico / Efectividad de una intervención online para prevención de ansiedad: un ensayo clínico / Efficacy of an online intervention for anxiety prevention: a clinical trial

The purpose of this study was to test the effectiveness, and the sustained effect (follow-up) of a fourweek mindfulness intervention in reducing anxiety and stress in a group of Brazilian university students, the intervention was adapted to be made available through the application Neurosaúde, created as part of this work to serve as a platform for intervention. The research as a whole took place in a virtual environment, with forty-eight participants recruited who were randomly allocated to the intervention group or to the waiting list control. Measures were used to access the levels of mindfulness, anxiety and stress before, after the intervention and at the 4-week follow-up. Applying the intention-to-treat analysis, we found significant differences between the groups for the measurement of anxiety in the follow-up with a large feat size (F (2.92) = 10.275, p = 0.000, η2 = 0.183). Our results suggest that the 4-week mindfulness intervention through a mobile application was able to act as a protective factor against the anxiety developed by university students during the occurrence of the pandemic caused by Covid-19, whereas while the treatment group maintained levels reduced anxiety the control group demonstrated a continuous increase in anxiety in the post-test and follow-up that coincided with the first wave of Covid-19 in the region where the participants lived.

El propósito de este estudio fue probar la eficacia y el efecto sostenido (seguimiento) de una intervención de atención plena de cuatro semanas para reducir la ansiedad y el estrés en un grupo de estudiantes universitarios brasileños, la intervención se adaptó para estar disponible a través del app. Neurosaúde, creada como parte de este trabajo para servir como plataforma de intervención. La investigación en su conjunto se llevó a cabo en un entorno virtual, siendo reclutados cuarenta y ocho participantes que fueron asignados aleatoriamente al grupo de intervención o al control en lista de espera. Se utilizaron medidas para evaluar los niveles de atención plena, ansiedad y estrés antes, después de la intervención y en el seguimiento a las 4 semanas. Al aplicar el análisis por intención de tratar, encontramos diferencias significativas entre los grupos para la medida de ansiedad en el seguimiento con un tamaño de efecto grande (F (2.92) = 10.275, p = 0.000, η2 = 0.183). Nuestros resultados sugieren que la intervención de mindfulness de 4 semanas a través de una aplicación móvil fue capaz de actuar como factor protector contra la ansiedad desarrollada por estudiantes universitarios durante la ocurrencia de la pandemia de Covid-19, ya que mientras el grupo de tratamiento mantuvo niveles, el grupo control demostró un aumento continuo de la ansiedad en el postest y seguimiento que coincidió con la primera ola de Covid-19 en la región donde residían los participantes.

O propósito deste estudo foi testar a eficácia e o efeito sustentado (follow-up) de uma intervenção de mindfulness de quatro semanas na redução da ansiedade e estresse em um grupo de estudantes universitários brasileiros. A intervenção foi adaptada para ser disponibilizada pelo aplicativo Neurosaúde, criado como parte deste trabalho para servir de plataforma para a intervenção. A pesquisa como um todo ocorreu em ambiente virtual, sendo recrutados 48 participantes que foram alocados randomicamente para o grupo intervenção ou para o controle de lista de espera. Medidas foram utilizadas para acessar os níveis de mindfulness, ansiedade e estresse antes, após a intervenção e no follow-up de quatro semanas. Aplicando a análise por intenção de tratar, encontramos diferenças significativas entre os grupos para a medida de ansiedade no follow-up com um tamanho de efeito grande (F (2.92) = 10.275, p = 0.000, η2 = 0.183). Nossos resultados sugerem que a intervenção de mindfulness de quatro semanas por meio de um aplicativo móvel foi capaz de agir como um fator protetor contra a ansiedade desenvolvida pelos estudantes universitários durante a ocorrência da pandemia causada pelo Covid-19, visto que, enquanto o grupo tratamento manteve níveis reduzidos de ansiedade, o grupo controle demonstrou um contínuo aumento de ansiedade no pós-teste e follow-up que coincidiu com a primeira onda de Covid-19 na região onde os participantes residiam.

Effectiveness evaluation of online Mindfulness in mental health and alcohol consumption in medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic / Evaluación de la eficacia del Mindfulness online en la salud mental y el consumo de alcohol en estudiantes de medicina durante la pandemia de COVID-19

Abstract Introduction As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, the prevalence of stress, anxiety, depression, and alcohol consumption has increased among medical students. Mindfulness is an intervention to decrease these psychopathologies and alcohol consumption; however, evidence has shown unclear results regarding its efficacy. Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of an online Mindfulness-based intervention (MBI) on stress, anxiety, and depression symptomatology levels, as well as on alcohol consumption and mindfulness status in medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method A quasi-experimental study was conducted on 237 students, obtaining sociodemographic data. In addition the levels of psychopathology, alcohol consumption, and state of mindfulness: were measured pre-and post-intervention through the DASS-21, AUDIT, and MASS instruments. Eight online Mindfulness sessions were conducted once a week for approximately one hour each. Results MBI did not reduce levels of psychopathologies or alcohol consumption, nor did the mindfulness status improve. High levels of psychopathologies, dropout rate, and lack of voluntary participation were the main factors limiting the effectiveness of the online MBI. Discussion and conclusion The online MBI wasn't effective among the population under study: we recommend generation strategies where students are involved in and complete intervention programs. Results from this research will help enhance future online mindfulness interventions.

Resumen Introducción Derivado de la pandemia del COVID-19, la prevalencia de estrés, ansiedad, depresión y consumo de alcohol ha incrementado entre los estudiantes de medicina. La intervención por Mindfulness ha reportado disminuir estas psicopatologías y el consumo de alcohol; no obstante, la evidencia muestra resultados poco claros respecto a su eficacia. Objetivo Evaluar la eficacia de la intervención basada en Mindfulness online (IBM) sobre los niveles de sintomatología de estrés, ansiedad y depresión, así como en el consumo de alcohol y el estado de atención plena en estudiantes de medicina durante la pandemia por COVID-19. Método Se realizó una investigación cuasi-experimental en 237 estudiantes de medicina, de los cuales se obtuvieron datos sociodemográficos; además, se midieron los niveles de psicopatologías, consumo de alcohol, y el estado de atención plena pre y post intervención a través de los instrumentos DASS-21, AUDIT, y MASS. Se llevaron a cabo ocho sesiones de Mindfulness online, una vez por semana, de aproximadamente una hora cada una. Resultados La IBM no redujo los niveles de psicopatologías ni de consumo de alcohol ni mejoró el estado de atención plena. Los altos niveles de psicopatologías, la tasa de abandono y la falta de participación voluntaria, fueron los principales factores que limitan la eficacia del IBM online. Discusión y conclusión La IBM online no fue efectiva entre la población estudiada: se recomienda la generación de estrategias en las que los estudiantes se involucren y completen los programas de intervención, los resultados de esta investigación ayudarán a mejorar futuras intervenciones de mindfulness online.

Validación de la escala Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire en estudiantes de medicina y médicos en Chile / Validation of the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire scale in medical students and doctors in Chile

BACKGROUND: The increasing use of Mindfulness-based interventions requires standardized construct-based measurement instruments for clinical and research purposes. The Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire scale with five factors was developed in the United States and validated in Spain. There are versions of 39, 24 and 15 items (FFMQ-39, FFMQ-24 and FFMQ-15). OBJECTIVE: To validate the FFMQ-24 and FFMQ-15 scale in Chile. METHODOLOGY: Six experts performed a linguistic adaptation of the Spanish version of the FFMQ-24. The adapted instrument was applied to a sample of 795 physicians. Internal validity was analyzed by calculating Cronbach's alpha (α) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Finally, 15 items were retained, and the 5-factor solution was maintained. The FFMQ-15 scale was applied to a sample of 365 medical students and analyzed by calculating (α) and CFA. The external validity of FFMQ-15 was evaluated with the Mental Health Continiuum-14 (MHC-14) scale. RESULTS: Linguistic changes were made. The CFA of FFMQ-24 obtained a lower-than-expected fit for a 5-factor solution. The (α) value varied between .68 and .86 in all dimensions. The FFMQ-15 had an adequate fit for five factors for physicians (c2 = 216.17, df = 80, p < .01; CFI = .96; TLI = .94; RMSEA = .05 [.04, .06]; SRMR = .04) and students (c2 = 163.61, df = 80, p < .01; CF = .96; TLI = .94; RMSEA = .05 [.04, .07]; SRMR = .05). External validity with MHC-14 was adequate. CONCLUSION: The FFMQ-15 scale has acceptable internal consistency and adequate internal and external validity in Chile.

Fenótipos digitais para mindfulness e ansiedade encontrados por aplicativo de smartphone / Digital phenotypes for mindfulness and anxiety found by smartphone APP

A pesquisa em telemedicina possibilitou a captação de medidas fisiológicas para encontrar biomarcadores do comportamento humano durante o uso de smartphones chamados fenótipos digitais. A identificação e avaliação desses biomarcadores para diagnóstico da saúde fornece subsídios a uma área afim da telemedicina, a medicina de precisão. Foi desenvolvido um aplicativo para celular chamado Neuropesquisa, que possui recursos voltados a encontrar esses biomarcadores enquanto os usuários preenchem escalas psicológicas para saúde mental. O objetivo foi correlacionar mindfulness, ansiedade e tempo de reação e rastrear possíveis fenótipos digitais dessas pessoas. Realizou-se um estudo observacional, de delineamento correlacional, transversal e remoto com 364 adultos pelo Neuropesquisa. Foram encontradas correlações positivas e significativas entre mindfulness e tempo de reação, e negativas e significativas para ansiedade e tempo de reação. Concluiu-se que Neuropesquisa foi capaz de identificar fenótipos digitais dentre os constructos avaliados, de relevante importância para medicina de precisão e saúde mental.

Research in telemedicine has made it possible to capture regulatory measures to find biomarkers of human behavior during smartphone use called digital phenotypes. The identification and evaluation of these biomarkers for health diagnosis provide gains for an area related to telemedicine, precision medicine. It was developed a mobile application called Neuropesquisa, which has features to find these biomarkers while users complete psychological scales for mental health. The aim was to correlate mindfulness, anxiety and reaction time, and track possible digital phenotypes of users. This was an observational study, with a cross-sectional, correlational, and remote design with 364 adults, through Neuropesquisa. There were positive correlations between mindfulness and reaction time, and negative correlations between anxiety and reaction time. It was concluded that Neuropesquisa was able to identify digital phenotypes among the considered constructs, of relevant importance for precision medicine and mental health.

Mindfulness para dor em mulheres com câncer de mama: protocolo de revisão de escopo / Mindfulness for pain in women with breast cancer: a scope review protocol

OBJETIVO: Protocolo de revisão de escopo que será conduzida de acordo com a metodologia do Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) para mapear e caracterizar evidências disponíveis sobre o uso de intervenções baseadas em mindfulness para manejo da dor em pessoas com diagnóstico de câncer de mama, nas diferentes etapas de tratamento. MÉTODO: Serão incluídos estudos realizados em mulheres adultas com 18 anos ou acima, que tenham recebido diagnóstico de câncer de mama e que passaram por intervenções baseadas em atenção plena direcionadas para manejo da dor. Será considerado o contexto clínico das participantes. Incluiremos artigos de estudos quantitativos e qualitativos, além da chamada literatura cinzenta, sem limites de idioma e tempo. Será utilizada uma estratégia de pesquisa em 3 etapas. As bases de dados utilizadas serão PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, BVS, PsycInfo e Google Scholar. Os resultados serão apresentados de forma gráfica e resumo narrativo, redigidos de acordo com o PRISMA-ScR.

OBJECTIVE: A scope review protocol that will be conducted according to the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology to map and characterize available evidence on the use of mindfulness-based interventions for pain management in people diagnosed with breast cancer throughout different stages of treatment. METHOD: Studies conducted in adult women aged 18 years or older, who have received a diagnosis of breast cancer and who have undergone mindfulness-based interventions aimed at pain management will be included. The clinical context of the participants will be considered. We will include articles from quantitative and qualitative studies, in addition to the so-called grey literature, with no limits on language and time. A 3-step research strategy will be used. The following databases will be used: PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, VHL, PsycInfo, and Google Scholar. The results will be presented in a graphic and narrative summary, written in accordance with PRISMA-ScR.

Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) and Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) in the treatment of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): A literature review / Terapia Cognitiva Basada en Mindfulness y Reducción del Estrés Basada en Mindfulness en el tratamiento del Trastorno de Estrés Postraumático (TEPT): Una revisión de literatura

Abstract Background Previous reviews have concluded that whilst mindfulness-based interventions reduce PTSD symptoms through fear extinction and cognitive restructuring, further research is needed. Objective The aim of this report is to systematically review existing literature about the association between standardized mindfulness-based interventions and PTSD with the aim of identifying implications for practice and recommendations for future research. Method The CINAHL Complete, PsycINFO, Medline, and PsycArticles databases were searched, looking for full-text articles from 2018 up to march 2022. Results There was a significant improvement in PTSD symptoms in MBCT participants, even if some experienced a high increase at baseline. MBSR participants with moderate to severe trauma symptoms showed a greater reduction in symptoms whereas mild trauma symptoms at baseline showed slightly higher symptomatology at the end of treatment. Discussion and conclusion From the results, MBCT, MBSR, and their variations seem to tackle different domains of the diagnosis. Whilst MBSR is associated with improvements in terms of attentional difficulties, MBCT facilitates the connection between dysfunctional cognitive concepts and avoidant behaviours that maintain the symptomatology. Nevertheless, the active components of MBCT or MBSR that have an impact on symptom reduction are undetermined. Future studies will be enhanced by monitoring the change in underlying mechanisms attached to the practice of mindfulness through outcome measurements, among other considerations.

Resumen Antecedentes Las revisiones anteriores han concluido que las intervenciones basadas en la atención plena reducen los síntomas del TEPT a través de la extinción del miedo y la reestructuración cognitiva, aunque se requiere mayor evidencia. Objetivo Revisar sistemáticamente la literatura existente sobre la asociación entre las intervenciones estandarizadas basadas en mindfulness y el TEPT con el objetivo de identificar implicaciones para la práctica y recomendaciones para futuras investigaciones. Método Se realizaron búsquedas en las bases de datos CINAHL Complete, PsycINFO, Medline y PsycArticles de textos completos desde 2018 hasta marzo de 2022. Resultados Hubo una mejora significativa en los síntomas de TEPT en los participantes de MBCT, incluso si algunos experimentaron un gran aumento al inicio. Los participantes de MBSR con síntomas de trauma moderado a severo mostraron una mayor reducción de los síntomas, mientras que los síntomas de trauma leve al inicio mostraron una sintomatología ligeramente más alta al final del tratamiento. Discusión y conclusión A partir de los resultados, MBCT, MBSR y sus variaciones parecen abordar diferentes dominios del diagnóstico. Mientras que MBSR se asocia con mejoras en términos de dificultades atencionales, MBCT facilita la conexión entre conceptos cognitivos disfuncionales y conductas de evitación que mantienen la sintomatología. Sin embargo, los componentes activos de MBCT o MBSR que tienen un impacto en la reducción de los síntomas son indeterminados. Los estudios futuros se mejorarán al monitorear el cambio en los mecanismos subyacentes asociados a la práctica de la atención plena a través de mediciones de resultados, entre otras consideraciones.

Validación del instrumento Self-Compassion Scale para valoración de la autocompasión en estudiantes y médicos en Chile / Validation of the 12 items self-compassion scale in Chile

BACKGROUND: Self-compassion is understood as a mental framework when facing difficulties in life or personal insufficiency. It arises in response to the negative aspects of self-esteem. It is assessed using the 26 item and six factor Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) in the United States and Spain but not in Chile. AIM: To validate the 12-item version (SCS-12) of the self-compassion scale. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A back translation process of the original SCS-12 scale was carried out and then it was reviewed by 6 experts. The scale was applied to a sample of 359 medical students and 795 physicians. For internal validity, confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) were performed for one, two, three, and six factors. For external validity, bivariate correlations were made with variables about mental health, burnout, symptoms of depression and anxiety. Finally, a path analysis was carried out to study the relationship between the six factors and mental health. RESULTS: The CFA for the six-factor model presents the best fit for both groups of respondents (χ2 = 216.17, df = 80, p < .01; comparative fit index (CF)I = .96; Tucker-Lewis index (TL)I = .94; Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) = .05 [.04, .06]; Standarized Root Mean-Square(SRMR) = .04 and χ2 = 85.97, df = 39, p < .01; CFI = .97; TLI = .95; RMSEA = .06 [.04, .07]; SRMR = .04). The external validity was adequate. CONCLUSIONS: The 12-item version of the linguistically adapted Self-Compassion Scale instrument applied to medical students and physicians in Chile, had adequate internal validity and psychometric properties.