A Case of Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy after Elective Mitral Valve Repair / 日本心臓血管外科学会雑誌

We describe Takotsubo syndrome, which developed after elective mitral valve repair and tricuspid annuloplasty in a 76-year-old woman. A preoperative echocardiogram confirmed severe mitral regurgitation due to posterior leaflet prolapse, moderate tricuspid regurgitation, and normal left ventricular function. Mitral valve repair and tricuspid annuloplasty were performed. After uneventful weaning off cardiopulmonary bypass, intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography revealed adequate mitral leaflet function and normal left ventricular contractions. After being transferred to the intensive care unit, the patient's hemodynamic parameters progressively deteriorated. Transthoracic echocardiography showed akinesis and ballooning of the apex and hyperkinesis of the base, and the ejection fraction was 20% on postoperative day 1. The serum aminotransferase and CPK-MB levels increased on postoperative day 2. The left ventricular function did not improve despite supportive therapy with vasopressors. She developed cardiogenic cerebral infarction due to obstruction of the right middle cerebral artery on postoperative day 8. Endovascular thrombectomy was performed within 2 h of the onset of cerebral infarction. Thereafter, the patient gradually recovered and was discharged without any sequelae on postoperative day 31. The ejection fraction was 65% with normal left ventricular motion at discharge. An electrocardiogram revealed a deep negative T wave in II, III, aVF, and V3-V6. After 2 months, the electrocardiogram findings were normalized. Coronary lesions were not observed on pre- or postoperative coronary angiographies; therefore, we diagnosed Takotsubo cardiomyopathy after mitral valve repair. Takotsubo cardiomyopathy should be considered as a possible complication of cardiac surgery, especially after mitral valve surgery.

Transcatheter Mitral Valve Implantation: Implications of Interventional Technique and 3D Echocardiography for Complex Valve?in?Valve Paravalvular Leak

Transcatheter mitral valve replacement (TMVR) has emerged as a feasible alternative to surgical reoperation in failed bioprostheses and rings. Residual mitral regurgitation following TMVR can present as a valve?in?valve paravalvular leak (PVL) and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Current therapies for valve?in?valve PVL are limited. We present a case of a symptomatic patient with severe valve?in?valve PVL after TMVR for a previous surgical bioprosthesis leak, who then underwent a second TMVR as a valve?in?valve?in?valve implantation with a 29 mm Edwards? SAPIEN 3 valve via transseptal approach using three?dimensional (3D) echocardiography. This unique case highlights the complexity of this clinical entity and recognizes 3D transesophageal echocardiography as a valuable tool to guide valve?in?valve PVL closures.echocardiography

Annual progress of transcatheter mitral valve intervention in 2022 / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#Mitral regurgitation is the most common heart valvular disease at present. In the past, mitral regurgitation was mainly treated by surgical mitral valve repair or replacement. However, with the progress of transcatheter interventional techniques and instruments in recent years, transcatheter mitral valve interventional therapy has gradually shown its advantages and benefited patients. The purpose of this article is to review the progress of transcatheter mitral valve intervention in this year, and to provide prospects for the future of transcatheter mitral valve treatment.

Mitral Valve Repair for Failed MitraClip: a Case Report / 日本心臓血管外科学会雑誌

The patient was an 89-year-old male who underwent transcatheter edge-to-edge repair to the mitral valve using MitraClip for severe degenerative mitral regurgitation (MR) one year earlier. Although two clips were implanted, grade III/IV MR still remained. As his heart failure progressed, he was referred to us for surgery. The patient also had aortic stenosis. He underwent mitral valve repair and aortic valve replacement. The postoperative course was uneventful. He was transferred to the referring hospital on postoperative day 14. When performing MitraClip for degenerative MR, it is important to consider carefully not only the operative risk for open surgery but also the anatomical adequacy of MitraClip. When MitraClip fails to control MR, early surgical intervention should be considered.

Pitfalls in Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery / 日本心臓血管外科学会雑誌

Minimally invasive cardiac surgery (MICS: Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery) through a minithoracotomy is becoming a standard approach for heart valve surgery. According to JCVSD data for 2018-2019, 42.6% of mitral valve surgeries were performed using the MICS approach. MICS has various advantages over the standard sternotomy approach, such as superior cosmesis, faster recovery and avoidance of sternal complications. However, caution cannot be overemphasized as procedure-related complications are yet to be fully addressed. These complications include chest wall bleeding, unilateral pulmonary edema, vascular injury, and leg ischemia. Some of these complications tend to occur more frequently during the learning curve period. A strict collaboration between surgeons, anesthesiologists, and operating staff is critical for avoid these complications.

Plastia mitral en endocarditis infecciosa: reporte de un caso / Mitral valve repair in infective endocarditis: a case report / Plastia mitral em endocardite infecciosa: relato de um caso

La endocarditis infecciosa es una patología heterogénea con una alta mortalidad y requiere tratamiento quirúrgico en al menos la mitad de los casos. Cuando asienta en posición mitral, la reparación valvular en lugar de su sustitución, si bien representa un desafío técnico, ha ido ganando terreno en los últimos años. Describimos el caso de un paciente que se presentó con una endocarditis sobre válvula nativa mitral en quien se realizó una plastia valvular exitosa. Revisaremos la evidencia acerca de su beneficio.

Infective endocarditis is a heterogeneous disease with a high mortality and that requires surgical treatment in at least half of cases. When seated in mitral position, valve repair rather than replacement, while technically challenging, has been gaining popularity in recent years. We describe the case of a patient who presented with a mitral valve endocarditis in whom a successful valve repair was performed. Evidence supporting its use will be reviewed.

A endocardite infecciosa é uma doença heterogênea com alta mortalidade que requer tratamento cirúrgico em pelo menos metade dos casos. Quando sentado na posição mitral, o reparo da válvula, em vez da substituição da válvula, embora seja um desafio técnico, tem ganhado espaço nos últimos anos. Descrevemos o caso de um paciente que apresentou endocardite valvar mitral nativa, no qual foi realizada plastia valvar com sucesso. Vamos revisar as evidências sobre o seu benefício.

Successful Mitral Valve Repair for Papillary Muscle Rupture Caused by Coronary Spasm Induced by Myocardial Infarction / 日本心臓血管外科学会雑誌

Papillary muscle rupture, a complication of acute myocardial infarction, causes acute mitral valve regurgitation. However, to date, only a few articles have reported PMR associated with coronary spasm. In this article, we report the case of a 64-year-old woman who suffered posteromedial papillary muscle rupture caused by coronary spasm or Myocardial Infarction with Non-Obstructive Coronary Arteries (MINOCA), and was successfully treated with mitral valve repair.

Treatment of moderate functional mitral regurgitation during aortic valve replacement in patients with aortic valve disease: A retrospective cohort study / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#Objective    To evaluate the impact of different surgical strategies for moderate functional mitral regurgitation (FMR) at the time of aortic valve replacement (AVR) on patients' prognosis. Methods    A total of 118 AVR patients, including 84 males and 34 females, aged 58.1±12.4 years, who were complicated with moderate FMR were retrospectively recruited. Patients were divided into three groups according to the treatment strategy of mitral valve: a group A (no intervention, n=11), a group B (mitral valve repair, n=51) and a group C (mitral valve replacement, n=56). The primary endpoint was the early and mid-term survival of the patients, and the secondary endpoint was the improvement of FMR. Results    The median follow-up time was 29.5 months. Five patients died perioperatively, all of whom were from the group C. Early postoperative FMR improvement rates in the group A and group B were 90.9% and 94.1% (P=0.694). The mid-term mortality in the three groups were 0.0%, 5.9% and 3.9%, respectively (P=0.264), while the incidences of major cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events were 0.0%, 9.8% and 17.7%, respectively (P=0.230). Improvements of FMR in the group A and group B were 100.0% and 94.3% at the mid-term follow-up (P>0.05). Conclusion    For patients receiving AVR with moderate FMR, conservative treatment or concurrent repair of mitral valve may be more reasonable, while mitral valve replacement may increase the incidence of early and mid-term adverse events.

Transapical mitral valve repair with LifeClip system: Early outcome of a single center / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#Objective 　To evaluate the safety and efficacy of transapical mitral valve repair with moderate-to-severe or severe mitral regurgitation (MR) by using LifeClip system. Methods 　We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 7 symptomatic patients with moderate-to-severe or severe MR who received transapical mitral valve repair by using the LifeClip system in our hospital from July to November 2021. There were 5 males and 2 females with an average age of 76.0±7.5 years. Results 　There were 2 patients with degenerative MR and 5 patients with functional MR. All of the procedures were successful and 6 patients received 1 LifeClip while the other one patient received 2. The operation time was 135.7±46.9 min, the mechanical ventilation time was 12 (3, 14) h, and the hospital stay time was 18.1±4.1 d. No serious complications or death occurred during the perioperative or follow-up period. MR reduction by ≥ grades was achieved in all the patients at the one-month follow-up. The classification of cardiac function was improved in varying degrees. Conclusion 　Transapical mitral valve repair using the LifeClip system shows good safety and efficacy for severe MR patients, and MR degree is significantly improved at early follow-up. However, the benefit of LifeClip should be validated in a larger sample size of Chinese population and through long-term follow-up.

The effect of mitral valve repair for rheumatic mitral stenosis / 中华胸心血管外科杂志

Objective:To retrospectively evaluate the clinical effect of mitral valve repair for rheumatic mitral stenosis.Methods:We retropectively analyze the clinical datd of 50 rheumatic mitral disease patients undergoing mitral valve repair from January 2016 to March 2019, the clinical outcome was compaired with those of patients undergoing mitral valve replacement. The operation time, cardiopulmonary bypass time, blood loss, ICU time, hospital stay, and postoperative cardiac function were analyzed, and followed up for 2 years to assess mitral regurgitation, cardiac function, and complication rates.Results:The time of cardiopulmonary bypass and ascending aorta occlusion in the valve repair group were longer than those in the valve replacement group ( P<0.05), and the postoperative ventilator assistance time, ICU stay time, and hospital stay were shorter than those in the valve replacement group ( P<0.05). After 2 years of follow-up, no patients died in the two groups. The rehospitalization rate in the valve repair group was lower than that in the replacement group ( P<0.05), and there was no significant difference in the reoperation rate between the groups ( P>0.05); There was 1 case (2%) of moderate mitral valve regurgitation in the mitral valve repair group, no moderate or severe mitral valve stenosis, no paravalvular leakage in the mitral valve replacement group, and no significant difference between the two groups ( P>0.05). The left ventricular end-diastolic diameter and left ventricular ejection fraction in the mitral valve repair group were significantly better than those in the mitral valve replacement group ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Mitral valve repair is effective in treating rheumatic mitral stenosis. It is beneficial to protect heart function, reduce postoperative anticoagulation complications, and does not increase the rate of reoperation. It is a safe, effective and feasible treatment.

Resultados de la cirugía de reparación valvular mitral en el Hospital Guillermo Grant Benavente de Concepción (2009-2020) / Results of surgical mitral valve repair at Guillermo Grant Benavente Hospital, Concepción, Chile

Resumen: Objetivo: Describir las características clínicas, resultados operatorios inmediatos y a 5 años de la cirugía de reparación valvular mitral. Material y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo de la cohorte de pacientes operados de reparación valvular por insuficiencia mitral (IM) en el Hospital Guillermo Grant Benavente desde el 2009 hasta marzo 2020 (N=206). Se comparan los pacientes con IM primaria y secundaria en sus características clínicas, ecocardiográficas, técnicas quirúrgicas empleadas, cirugías asociadas, morbimortalidad operatoria, sobrevida y reintervenciones hasta el 30 de mayo de 2020. Resultados: 124(60,2%) hombres. Edad media 62,6±10,5 años. La IM fue primaria en 134 y secundaria en 72. En comparación con los pacientes portadores de IM primaria, aquellos con IM secundaria tuvieron más enfermedad coronaria (69,4% versus 11,9%; p<0,001) y mayor riesgo operatorio (EuroSCORE logístico 7,7±6,7 versus 5,2±7,3; EuroSCORE II 3,4±4,8 versus 2,4±4,7; p<0,001). El mecanismo más frecuente de IM primaria fue tipo II (65,7%) y en las secundarias fue el tipo III (48,6%) seguido del tipo I (30,6%). Las IM primarias se corrigieron principalmente con procedimientos para disminuir el prolapso (76,1%). En las secundarias la técnica más utilizada fue el implante de un anillo exclusivo (76,4%). Hubo 116 cirugías asociadas y 10 (4,9%) conversiones a reemplazo valvular. Hubo 57 complicaciones operatorias y fallecieron 12 (5,8%) pacientes, 5 (3,7%) con IM primaria y 7(9,7%) con IM secundaria. La sobrevivencia global a 5 años fue 83,5% (90% en las primarias y 78% en las secundarias) y hubo 6 reintervenciones. Conclusiones: La cirugía de reparación valvular, tanto en pacientes con IM primaria como secundaria, tuvo una baja mortalidad operatoria y excelentes resultados a 5 años.

Abstract: Aim: To describe the clinical characteristics, operative and long term results of surgical mitral valve repair. Material and methods: Retrospective study of the cohort of patients undergoing valve repair due to mitral regurgitation (MR) at the Guillermo Grant Benavente Hospital from 2009 to March 2020 (N = 206). Patients with primary and secondary MR were compared on clinical and echocardiographic characteristics, surgical techniques, associated surgeries, operative morbidity and mortality, survival and reinterventions up to May 30, 2020. Results: 124 (60.2%) were men. The average age was 62.6±10.5 years. Type of MR was primary in 134 and secondary in 72. Compared to patients with primary MR, those with secondary MR had more coronary artery disease (69.4% versus 11.9%; p <0.001) and greater operative risk (logistic EuroSCORE 7.7±6, 7 versus 5.2±7.3; EuroSCORE II 3.4±4.8 versus 2,4±4.7; p<0.001). The most frequent mechanism of MR was type II in primary (65.7%) and type III (48.6%) followed by type I (30.6%) in secondary MR. Primary MR was corrected mainly with procedures to decrease prolapse (76.1%). In secondary MR the main technique used was the implantation of an exclusive ring (76.4%). There were 116 associated surgeries and 10(4.9%) conversions to valve replacement. There were 57 operative complications and 12(5.8%) patients died, 5 (3.7%) with primary MR and 7 (9.7%) with secondary MR. Overall survival at 5 years was 83.5% (90% in primary MR and 78% in secondary MR) and there were 3 reoperations. Conclusions: Valve repair surgery in both primary and secondary MR patients was associated to a low operative mortality and excellent results at 5 year post surgery.

The global burden of rheumatic heart disease: population-related differences (it is not all the same!)

Abstract Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) remains the most common cardiovascular disease in young adults and adolescents in need of heart surgery in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The mean age of patients is 20-25 years, often much younger. By contrast, the few patients with chronic RHD in developed countries present a mean age of around 55 years. It is absolutely fundamental to differentiate these two types of population. Pathology, lesions and surgical methods are different, and the results should not be compared. It is not all the same! A certain enthusiasm for mitral repair has recently surged, with several reports showing excellent results in children and young adults, resulting from the renewed interest of cardiac surgeons, also based on new and modified techniques developed in the meantime. While surgery is easily accessible to patients in developed countries, the situation in LMICs is often dramatic, with countries where there is a complete absence of or few surgical facilities absolutely unable to meet gigantic demands. Many foreign surgical teams conduct humanitarian missions in several of these countries. They are just a "drop of water in the ocean" of needs. In some cases, however, these missions led to the establishment of local teams that now work independently and, in some cases, outperform the foreign teams still visiting.

Mitral repair or bioprosthetic replacement for rheumatic valve drseascs in elderly patients / 中华胸心血管外科杂志

Objective@#Mitral valve replacement is more frequently performed in elder patients with rheumatic valve diseases. Mitral valve repair may be feasible in young patients with suitable anatomy in rheumatic mitral valve disease, but still controversial in elder patients. Our study was to compare mitral repair to bioprosthetic replacement in patients aged 60 years or older.@*Methods@#Eighty two patients(age ≥60 years) underwent mitral valve surgery(mitral repair or bioprosthetic replacement)in our single institution from January 2014 to January 2016 were reviewed, including 25 cases of repair(MVP) and 57 cases of bioprosthetic replacement(MVR). 5 years follow-up oganalysis.@*Results@#Mean age in MVP and MVR was 64.43 years and 67.28 years, respectively. There were no statistically differences in extracorporeal circulation time(P=0.99) and aorta blocking time(P=0.88); the operative mortality rate in MVR was 5.3% while none in MVP(P=0.24). During follow-up 6 deaths happened in MVR, 4 of them died from MACE while the other 2 died from other causes. There was no death in MVP(P=0.17). No redo or other complications were found during follow-up.@*Conclusion@#In patients aged 60 years or older with rheumatic mitral valve disease, mitral repair is associated with a same perioperative and mid-term result compared with bioprosthetic replacement. Rheumatic mitral valves could be repaired in elderly patients.

Traditional Jones Criteria: Limitation in the Diagnosis of Rheumatic Fever in Patients with Mitral Valve Repair

@#The present study aims to determine the limitations of traditional Jones criteria during the first episode of acute rheumatic fever (ARF) at the initial referral hospital, in a cohort of patients below 18 years old who had undergone mitral valve repair in National Heart Institute (IJN) from 2011 to 2016. Carditis followed by fever and joint involvement were the most frequent manifestations at first diagnosis. Of the 50 patients, only seven (14%) fulfilled the traditional Jones criteria for the diagnosis of the first episode of ARF. When compulsory evidence of a previous group A Beta hemolytic streptococcus (GABHS) was disregarded, this figure rose to 54%. Therefore, strict adherence to Jones criteria with absolute documentation of GABHS will lead to underdiagnoses of ARF. The application of echocardiographic diagnostic criteria of rheumatic heart disease (RHD) needs to be emphasized to allow early diagnosis and administration of secondary prophylaxis to prevent progression to severe valvular disease.

Mitral Valve Repair for Congenital Mitral Regurgitation in an Adult Suffering from Hypoplasia of Chordae Tendanea / 日本心臓血管外科学会雑誌

Congenital mitral regurgitation (MR) occurs infrequently and the number of reported adult surgical cases is small. A 77-year-old man presented with an exacerbation of congestive heart failure. He had a 19-year history of receiving medical treatment for MR and atrial fibriration. Transthoracic and transesophageal echo cardiograms revealed severe MR due to the restriction of the posterior mitral leaflet with very short chorda tendanea attached beneath the posterior leaflet preoperatively. We diagnosed this case to have congenital MR (Carpentier type III) in an adult based on the specific findings of echocardiography and mitral valve plasty was thus performed. All the dysplastic chordae of the P2 and P3 in the immovable leaflet region were cut and the reconstructed by the fifth artificial chordae. These procedures successfully allowed the posterior mitral leaflet to recover its normal shape and movability. Postoperative echocardiography showed no further mitral regurgitation and normal leaflet motion.

Clinical analysis of on-pimp mitral valve repair combined with off-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery: 32 cases report / 解放军医学杂志

Objective To review the clinical experience with on pimp mitral valve repair (MVP) and off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCABG) for coronary atherosclerotic heart disease (CAD). Methods From April 2017 to March 2018, a total of 32 patients received MVP combined with OPCABG in Beijing Anzhen Hospital. The echocardiographic results before and after the operation were compared and SPSS 20.0 statistical software was used to analyze the clinical data of these patients. Results There were 3.69 grafts per case. Artificial ring forming was performed in 26 cases, quadrangular resection in 4, chordal replacement in 2. No death of these patients occurred in the hospital. Thirty patients were followed up from 6 months to 30 mouths with improved heart function. Heart function was class in 26 and class Ⅱ in 4. The postoperative cardiac ultrasonography for reexaminations indicated that 8 with slight mitral regurgitation, 20 with mild regurgitation and 2 with moderate regurgitation. Patients' cardiac function and size of heart (LVESD, LVEDD and LVEF) were remarkably improved. Conclusions OPCABG and MVP should be performed concomitantly when CAD and mitral insufficiency disease present simultaneously. OPCABG operation at the same time line for the treatment of MVP effect is better. The patients' quality of life could be significantly improved.

Interpretation of updated version 2020 of expert consensus decision pathway on the management of mitral regurgitation / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#American College of Cardiology (ACC) issued the updated expert consensus decision pathway on the management of mitral regurgitation in April 2020. The whole process in caring patients with mitral valve regurgitation from patient evaluation to treatment choice was discussed in the consensus. The main change from the 2017 version is the confirmation of the effect of transcatheter mitral valve repair on secondary mitral regurgitation. It standardized the process in this field. In this paper, we aimed to introduce the focus update of this consensus.

The first two cases of transcatheter mitral valve repair with ARTO system in Asia / 世界急诊医学杂志（英文）

BACKGROUND@#MAVERIC (Mitral Valve Repair Clinical Trial) validates the safety and efficacy of the ARTO system. We here report the first two successful cases of utilizing the ARTO system in patients with symptomatic heart failure (HF) with functional mitral regurgitation (FMR) in Asia.@*METHODS@#Two patients, aged 70 and 63, had severe HF with FMR. Transesophageal echocardiography confirmed that the left ventricular ejection fractions were less than 50% with severe mitral regurgitation (MR) in both patients. Optimizing drug treatment could not mitigate their symptoms. Therefore, we used the ARTO system to repair the mitral valve for these patients on March 5 and 6, 2019, respectively.@*RESULTS@#Mitral valve repairs using the ARTO system were successfully performed under general anaesthesia for these two patients. MR was decreased immediately after the procedures in both patients. The 30-day and 3-month transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) revealed a moderate to severe MR in both patients, and the New York Heart Association (NYHA) scales were also partially improved.@*CONCLUSION@#The first two cases in Asia indicate that the ARTO system is feasible for patients with heart failure with FMR, and the patient selection appears to be crucial.

Cardiac magnetic resonance analysis of mitral annular dynamics after mitral valve repair

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to analyze mitral annulus (MA) dynamics using cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) in patients with degenerative mitral insufficiency who underwent mitral valve repair (MVR). METHODS: Mitral valve imaging was performed by CMR in twenty-nine patients with degenerative mitral insufficiency who underwent MVR between July 2014 and August 2016, with quadrangular resection of the posterior leaflet without ring annuloplasty. They were prospectively followed up from the preoperative period up to 2 years postoperatively. RESULTS: We observed a significant reduction in all measurements of the MA after surgery. The mean systolic circumference of the MA was reduced from 13.28±1.95 cm to 11.50±1.59 cm, and the diastolic circumference was reduced from 12.51±2.01 cm to 10.66±2.09 cm in the immediate postoperative period, measures that remained stable 2 years after MVR (p<0.001). The mean maximum area of the MA was significantly reduced from 14.34±4.03 to 10.45±3.17 cm2 when comparing the immediate postoperative period and the 2 year follow-up (p<0.001). The same occurred with the mean minimum area of the MA, which was reduced from 12.53±3.68 cm2 to 9.23±2.84 cm2 in the same period, and this reduction was greater in the antero-posterior diameter than in the mid-lateral diameter. The mobility of the MA was preserved after surgery, ranging between 19.6% and 25.7% at 2-year follow-up. CONCLUSION: We observed a significant reduction in the MA size after MVR, with preservation of the MA mobility at the 2-year follow-up.

Factores de riesgo de evolución desfavorable en niños con plástica de la válvula mitral / Risk Factors of Unfavorable Outcome in Children with Mitral Valve Repair

RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar los factores de riesgo de evolución desfavorable (ED) en niños con insuficiencia mitral (IM) sometidos a plástica mitral (PM). Métodos: Se analizaron pacientes con IM sometidos a PM entre los años 2004 y 2014. Se definió ED como la reoperación o la IM significativa (3+, moderada a grave, o 4+, grave) durante el seguimiento. Las variables se expresaron como mediana. Se realizó el análisis univariado y el de regresión logística multivariado de los factores predictores de ED. Resultados: Se sometieron a PM 65 pacientes con IM 3+ e IM 4+. La etiología incluyó displasia (44,6%), endocarditis infecciosa (13,8%), fiebre reumática (18,4%), anomalía coronaria (7,7%) y otras (13,8%). La mediana del tiempo de seguimiento fue 26,5 meses (52 pacientes se encuentran aún en seguimiento). El 44,6% presentó disfunción ventricular y el 46,1% hipertensión pulmonar. La cantidad de pacientes con ED fue de 15: 9 fueron reoperados (7 reemplazos valvulares y 2 replástica). El análisis univariado demostró asociación significativa entre ED y las siguientes condiciones: fiebre reumática (p = 0,005), anillo mitral preoperatorio ≥+5 DS (p = 0,002), diámetro sistólico del ventrículo izquierdo (DSVI) ≥ +4 DS (p = 0,022), hipertensión pulmonar (p = 0,024) e IM residual posoperatoria inmediata ≥ moderada (p = 0,021). El análisis multivariado demostró como variables independientes de ED el diámetro del anillo mitral (p = 0,012), la fiebre reumática (p = 0,026) y la IM residual temprana (p = 0,042). No se produjo mortalidad. Conclusiones: La plástica mitral en niños con IM grave demostró resultados favorables a mediano plazo. La fiebre reumática, el diámetro del anillo mitral ≥ +5 DS y la IM residual ≥ 2+ fueron factores predictores de ED. No se hallaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas durante el seguimiento en relación con la edad ni con la presencia de disfunción ventricular.

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze risk factors of unfavorable outcome (UO) in patients with mitral regurgitation (MR) undergoing mitral valve repair (MVR). Methods: Patients with MR who had undergone MVR from 2004 to 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. Unfavorable outcome was defined as reoperation or significant MR [moderate to severe (3+) or severe MR (4+)] during follow-up. Variables were expressed as median. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify predictive factors of UO. Results: Sixty five patients with MR3+ and MR4+ underwent MVR. Etiology was dysplasia in 44.6% of cases, infective endocarditis in 13.8%, rheumatic fever in 18.4%, abnormal coronary origin in 7.7% and other disorders in 13.8%. Median follow-up time was 26.5 months (52 patients are still being followed-up).Ventricular dysfunction was documented in 44.6% of cases and 46.1% had pulmonary hypertension. Fifteen patients presented UO and 9 were reoperated (7 valve replacements and 2 re-repairs). Univariate analysis demonstrated a significant association between UO and the following conditions: rheumatic fever (p=0.005), preoperative mitral annulus ≥+5 SD (p=0.002), left ventricular end-systolic diameter ≥+4 SD (p=0.022), pulmonary hypertension (p=0.024) and immediate postoperative residual MR ≥ moderate (p=0.021). Multivariate analysis demonstrated mitral annulus diameter (p=0.012), rheumatic fever (p=0.026) and early residual MR (p=0.042) as independent variables of UO. No deaths occurred in this series. Conclusions: Mitral valve repair in children with severe MR demonstrated mid-term favourable results. Rheumatic fever, mitral annulus diameter ≥+5 SD and immediate postoperative residual MR ≥2+ were predictive factors of UO. Neither age at surgery nor ventricular dysfunction showed statistically significant differences during follow-up.