Causal Association Between Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Risk of Breast Cancer: A Mendelian Randomization Study / 肿瘤防治研究

Objective To explore the causal relationship between Omega-3 fatty acids and the risk of breast cancer via Mendelian randomization analysis. Methods Analysis was conducted on data from genome-wide association studies (GWASs) on Omega-3 fatty acids and breast cancer. The selected instrumental variables (IVs) comprised genetic loci associated with Omega-3 fatty acids. Various Mendelian randomization analysis methods, including inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method, MR–Egger regression analysis, weighted median, simple models, and weighted models, were used to evaluate the causal relationship between Omega-3 fatty acids and the risk of breast cancer. Results A total of 47 single-nucleotide polymorphisms strongly associated with Omega-3 fatty acids were selected as IVs. The analysis methods, including IVW method, revealed no causal relationship between Omega-3 fatty acids and the risk of breast cancer (P>0.05). Analysis methods, such as MR-Egger regression analysis, did not detect significant gene-level pleiotropy (P=0.319), which indicates the high sensitivity and robustness of analysis results. Conclusion The findings of this study suggest the absence of a causal relationship between Omega-3 fatty acids and the risk of breast cancer.

Advances in the study of ω-3 PUFA in heart failure / 中国临床药理学与治疗学

Free fatty acids, as important energy metabolism substrates for the heart, play an important role in various cardiovascular diseases; ω-3 PUFA, as an important branch of free fatty acids, has been confirmed by more and more researches to be closely related to cardiovascular diseases. Heart failure, as a common cardiovascular problem, seriously affects people's quality of life. Studies have shown that ω-3 PUFA plays a significant role in the development of heart failure. In this paper, we try to review the metabolism, pathogenesis and therapeutic significance of ω-3 PUFA in heart failure.

Ômega 3 na gestação e os impactos na depressão pós-parto: uma revisão narrativa / Omega 3 during pregnancy and impacts on postpartum depression: a narrative review / Omega 3 durante el embarazo e impactos en la depresión postparto: una revisión narrativa

Objetivo: Evidenciar através de uma revisão integrativa os resultados clínicos atuais do impacto do consumo de ômega 3 frente a depressão pós-parto. Método: Revisão integrativa da literatura realizada no período de Fevereiro a Julho de 2023 nas bases de dados Pubmed, LILACS, Medline e Scielo. Resultados:Foi realizada uma busca pelos descritores em saúde determinados e foram selecionadas 5 produções científicas que atenderam os critérios de inclusão. De modo geral, os trabalhos mostraram relações com a saúde do bebê e da mãe. No bebê, observou-se aumento do crescimento intrauterino, maior resposta do sistema nervoso central, melhor desenvolvimento neural, de retina, imunológico, cognitivo e físico. Já na saúde materna, observou-se aumento no processo antiinflamatório, melhor resposta imune, melhora no efeito neurotrófico do cérebro, aumento do metabolismo, melhora hormonal, menor risco cardiovascular, menores distúrbios neurológicos (incluindo a depressão) e distúrbios visuais. Conclusão:Mais estudos são necessários para elucidar os benefícios da suplementação de ômega-3 em gestantes no pós-parto

Objective: To show, through an integrative review, the current clinical results of the impact of omega 3 consumption on postpartum depression. Method:Integrative literature review carried out from February to July 2023 in the Pubmed, LILACS, Medline and Scielo databases. Results:A search was performed for specific health descriptors and 5 scientific productions that met the inclusion criteria were selected. In general, the studies showed relationships with the health of the baby and the mother. In the baby, there was an increase in intrauterine growth, greater response of the central nervous system, better neural, retinal, immunological, cognitive and physical development. In maternal health, there was an increase in the anti-inflammatory process, better immune response, improvement in the neurotrophic effect of the brain, increased metabolism, hormonal improvement, lower cardiovascular risk, lesser neurological disorders (including depression) and visual disturbances. Conclusion:More studies are needed to elucidate the benefits of omega-3 supplementation in postpartum pregnant women.

Objetivo: Mostrar, a través de una revisión integradora, los resultados clínicos actuales del impacto del consumo de omega 3 en la depresión posparto. Método:Revisión integrativa de la literatura realizada de febrero a julio de 2023 en las bases de datos Pubmed, LILACS, Medline y Scielo. Resultados:Se realizó una búsqueda de determinados descriptores de salud y se seleccionaron 5producciones científicas que cumplían con los criterios de inclusión. En general, los estudios mostraron relaciones con la salud del bebé y de la madre. En el bebé hubo un aumento del crecimiento intrauterino, mayor respuesta del sistema nervioso central,mejor desarrollo neural, retiniano, inmunológico, cognitivo y físico. En salud materna, hubo aumento del proceso antiinflamatorio, mejor respuesta inmunológica, mejora del efecto neurotrófico del cerebro, aumento del metabolismo, mejora hormonal, menor riesgo cardiovascular, menos trastornos neurológicos (incluyendo depresión) y alteraciones visuales. Conclusión:Se necesitan más estudios para dilucidar los beneficios de la suplementación con omega-3 en mujeres embarazadas posparto

Excesso de peso pré-gestacional e ácidos graxos poli-insaturados no leite humano: modelo teórico de causalidade / Pre-gestational overweight and polyunsaturated fatty acids in human milk: theoretical causality model

Resumo Inúmeros estudos têm se detido na avaliação da associação entre o excesso de peso pré-gestacional e os ácidos graxos poli-insaturados no leite humano. Todavia, diante da complexidade de fatores de risco potencialmente confundidores, é recomendável a utilização de ferramentas gráficas para identificar possíveis vieses. O objetivo deste artigo é propor um modelo teórico de causalidade utilizando o gráfico acíclico direcionado entre o excesso de peso pré-gestacional e os ácidos graxos poli-insaturados no leite humano. Foi realizada ampla revisão da literatura para identificar as variáveis com relações causais com a exposição e/ou desfecho. A escolha das variáveis para ajuste seguiu o algoritmo gráfico que compreende seis critérios para a seleção de um conjunto mínimo de variáveis potencialmente confundidoras. Condições socioeconômicas, intervalo interpartal, idade materna e padrão de consumo alimentar foram as variáveis ajustadas a fim de se estimar o efeito total do excesso de peso pré-gestacional sobre o conteúdo dos ácidos graxos poli-insaturados no leite humano. O conjunto mínimo de variáveis encontrado pelo presente estudo pode ser utilizado na análise de outros estudos que avaliem essa associação.

Abstract A number of studies have focused on the evaluation of the relationship between pre-pregnancy overweight and polyunsaturated fatty acids content in human milk. However, given the complexity of potentially confounding risk factors, the use of graphical tools is recommended to identify possible biases. This article aims to propose a theoretical model of causality using the directed acyclic graph between pre-pregnancy overweight and polyunsaturated fatty acids content in human milk. Methods: An extensive literature review was performed to identify variables with causal relationships with exposure and/or outcome. The choice of variables for adjustment followed the graphic algorithm that comprises six criteria for selecting a minimum set of potentially confounding variables. Socioeconomic conditions, interpartum interval, maternal age and food consumption pattern were the variables that would have to be adjusted in order to estimate the total effect of pre-pregnancy overweight on polyunsaturated fatty acids content in human milk. The minimum set of variables found in the present study can be used in the analysis of other studies that evaluate this association.

Comparison of treatment efficacy of omega-3 fish oil and montelukast in ovalbumin-protease-induced allergic rhinitis model in rats

Abstract Objectives Montelukast is a well-known leukotriene receptor antagonist commonly used in treating allergic rhinitis and asthma. Omega-3 fatty acid is also known as an antiallergic and immunomodulator molecule. This study aimed to elucidate the efficacy of systemic montelukast and omega-3 fatty acid treatment in allergic rhinitis models in Wistar Hannover rats. Methods This research was conducted on 28 healthy Wistar Hannover rats weighing 250-350 g. After establishing the allergic rhinitis model, nasal symptoms were observed and scored, and the nasal mucosa of all rats was investigated histologically. Light microscopy was utilized to evaluate the degree of ciliary loss, goblet cell hyperplasia, vascular congestion, vascular proliferation, inflammatory cell infiltration, eosinophil infiltration, and hypertrophy in chondrocytes. Results As a result of the analysis of the data obtained from the study, it was determined that typical allergic rhinitis symptoms such as nasal scratching and sneezing were significantly reduced in the rats in the montelukast and omega-3 treated group, and these symptoms did not increase after repeated intranasal OVA-protease applications. Histological examinations after fish oil treatment did not reveal typical inflammatory changes in allergic rhinitis. None of the rats in the montelukast and omega-3 groups had any increase in goblet cells, whereas 14.3% of the rats in the control group and 28.6% of the rats in the allergic rhinitis group had mild increase. Last but not least, 71.4% of rats in the allergic rhinitis group had a moderate increase. The difference between the groups was statistically significant (p< 0.001). Conclusion Regarding the outcomes of this research, it was observed that w-3 fatty acids had antiallergic effects, both histopathological and clinical, in the allergic rhinitis model. We believe that further randomized controlled trials incorporating larger cohorts are warranted to verify the use of omega-3 fatty acids in treating allergic rhinitis. The level of evidence of this article is Level 2.

Papel inmunomodulador de la vitamina D y los ácidos grasos poliinsaturados omega-3 en trastornos autoinmunes: Revisión de la Literatura / Immunomodulatory role of vitamin D and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in autoinmune disorders: Literature Review

Los trastornos autoinmunes representan una familia de al menos 80 condiciones diferentes que surgen de una respuesta aberrante del sistema inmunológico resultando finalmente en la destrucción de tejidos y órganos específicos del cuerpo. Es importante destacar que durante las últimas tres décadas los estudios epidemiológicos han proporcionado evidencia de un aumento constante en la incidencia y prevalencia de trastornos autoinmunes. En los últimos años, varios estudios han demostrado que la vitamina D y los ácidos grasos poliinsaturados (AGPs) omega-3 ejercen propiedades inmunomoduladoras y antiinflamatorias sinérgicas que pueden aprovecharse positivamente para la prevención y el tratamiento de trastornos autoinmunes. En este sentido, el reciente ensayo clínico denominado VITAL (ensayo de vitamina D y omega 3); un estudio a gran escala, aleatorizado, doble ciego, controlado con placebo encontró que la suplementación conjunta de vitamina D y AGPs omega-3 (VIDOM) puede reducir la incidencia de enfermedades autoinmunes. En esta revisión de la literatura, resumimos los mecanismos moleculares detrás de las propiedades inmunomoduladoras y antiinflamatorias de la vitamina D y los AGPs omega-3, así como la posible interacción bidireccional entre el metabolismo de la vitamina D y el metabolismo de los AGPs omega-3 que justifica la co- suplementación VIDOM en trastornos autoinmunes(AU)

Autoimmune disorders represent a family of at least 80 different conditions that arise from an aberrant immune system response, which ultimately results in the destruction of specific body tissues and organs. It is important to highlight that during the last three decades epidemiological studies have provided evidence of a steady increase in the incidence and prevalence of autoimmune disorders. In recent years, several studies have shown that vitamin D and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) exert synergistic immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties that can be positively harnessed for the prevention and treatment of autoimmune disorders. In this sense, the recent clinical trial called VITAL (Vitamin D and Omega 3 trial) - a large, randomized, double-blind, placebo- controlled study - found that co-supplementation of vitamin D and omega-3 PUFAs (VIDOM) can reduce the incidence of autoimmune diseases. In this literature review, we summarize the molecular mechanisms behind the immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties of vitamin D and omega-3 PUFAs, as well as the possible bidirectional interaction between vitamin D metabolism and omega-3 PUFA metabolism that justifies VIDOM co- supplementation in autoimmune disorders(AU)

Omega-3 fatty acids supplements for dry eye - Are they effective or ineffective?

Purpose: To evaluate effectiveness of omega?3 fatty acid supplements in relieving dry eye symptoms and signs in symptomatic visual display terminal users (VDT). Methods: A randomized controlled study was done; eyes of 470 VDT users were randomized to receive four capsules twice daily for 6 months (O3FAgroup), each containing 180 mg of eicosapentaenoic acid and 120 mg docosahexaenoic acid. The O3FA group was compared with another group (n = 480) who received four capsules of a placebo (olive oil) twice daily. Patients were evaluated at baseline, 1, 3, and 6 months, respectively. The primary outcome was improvement in omega?3 index (a measure of EPA and DHA ratio in RBC membrane). Secondary outcomes were improvement dry eye symptoms, Nelson grade on conjunctival impression cytology, Schirmer test values, tear film breakup time (TBUT), and tear film osmolarity. Means of groups (pre?treatment, 1, 3, and 6?months) were compared with repeated measure analysis of variance. Results: At baseline, 81% patients had low omega?3 index. In the O3FA group, a significant increase in omega?3 index, improvement in symptoms, reduction in tear film osmolarity, and increase in Schirmer, TBUT, and goblet cell density was observed. These changes were not significant in the placebo group. Improvement in test parameters was significantly (P < 0.001) better in patients with low omega3 index (<4%) subgroup. Conclusion: Dietary omega?3 fatty acids are effective for dry eye in VDT users; omega?3 index appears to be the predictor to identify potential dry eye patients who are likely to benefit from oral omega?3 dietary intervention

Effect of some fatty acids on apoptosis related genes in human breast cancer

Breast cancer, the second most common cancer after lung cancer, is the most common cancer type diagnosed in women. No definitive treatment has been established for breast cancer yet, but essential fatty acids offer a promising option. Omega fatty acids are classified in the essential fatty acids that the body cannot produce and, therefore, must be taken through the foods of animal or plant origin. Although in the literature the omega fatty acids have been shown to exhibit significant positive effects in inhibiting various tumor types, their mechanism of action, the apoptotic pathways they employ, and the genes they control have not been clarified yet. In this study, various doses and combinations of omega-3 [Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)] and omega-6 [Linoleic acid (LA)] fatty acids were administered to human breast cancer MCF7 cell line for 24 h, and using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method, the protein expression levels of the following apoptosis-related genes were determined: phospho-p53 (Ser15), p53, Bad, phospho-Bad (Ser112), cleaved Caspase-3 (Asp175), and cleaved PARP (Asp214). Even though there was no significant difference observed in the expressions of phospho-p53 (Ser15) and p53 at all doses, other protein expressions were found to increase significantly, suggesting that Omega-3 and -6 can mediate apoptotic pathway to induce cell death in breast cancer cells.

A retrospective study of correlation between serum levels of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and post-stroke cognitive impairment / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective:To quantify any correlation between serum levels of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω3-PUFAs) and post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI).Methods:The clinical data of 77 patients hospitalized after a first stroke were analyzed. The Minimum Mental State Examination (MMSE) was used to divide them into impaired (PSCI) and unimpaired (non-PSCI) cohorts. The serum levels of ω3-PUFAs, α-linolenic acid (ALA), eieosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and dueosahexenoie acid (DHA) were compared between the two groups and correlated with the individuals′ MMSE scores.Results:The average ALA, EPA, DHA and total ω3-PUFAs levels of PSCI group were in most cases significantly lower than those of the non-PSCI group. Spearman correlation analysis showed that serum DHA level was a weak positive predictor of the MMSE scores (R=0.32, P≤0.05). Logistic regression analysis indicated that low serum DHA level was an independent risk factor for PSCI ( P≤0.01). Conclusions:Cognitively impaired stroke survivors tend to have lower serum ω3-PUFAs levels than those without cognitive impairment. There is a weak positive correlation between serum DHA levels and MMSE scores. Low serum DHA level is an independent risk factor for PSCI. The serum level of ω3-PUFAs is of high value in the auxiliary diagnosis and evaluation of PSCI.

Linseed oil attenuates fatty liver disease in mice fed a high-carbohydrate diet

The impact of linseed oil as a lipid source on liver disease induced by a high-carbohydrate diet (HCD) was evaluated. Adult male Swiss mice received an HCD containing carbohydrates (72.1%), proteins (14.2%), and lipids (4.0%). The Control HCD group (HCD-C) received an HCD containing lard (3.6%) and soybean oil (0.4%) as lipid sources. The L10 and L100 groups received an HCD with 10 and 100% linseed oil as lipid sources, respectively. A group of mice were euthanized before receiving the diets (day 0) and the remaining groups after 56 days of receiving the diets (HCD-C, L10, and L-100 groups). Morphological and histopathological analyses, as well as collagen deposition were evaluated. Perivenous hepatocytes (PVH) of the HCD-C group were larger (P<0.05) than periportal hepatocytes (PPH) in the median lobe (ML) and left lobe (LL). There was a greater (P<0.05) deposition of type I collagen in PPH (vs PVH) and in the ML (vs LL). The ML exhibited a higher proportion of apoptotic bodies, inflammatory infiltrate, and hepatocellular ballooning. All these alterations (hepatocyte size, deposition of type I collagen, apoptotic bodies, inflammatory infiltrate, and hepatocellular ballooning) induced by HCD were prevented or attenuated in L10 and L100 groups. Another indicator of the beneficial effects of linseed oil was the lower (P<0.05) number of binucleated hepatocytes (HCD-C vs L10 or L100 group). In general, the L100 group had greater effects than the L10 group. In conclusion, linseed oil impedes or reduces the liver injury progression induced by an HCD.

Beneficial Outcomes of Omega-6 and Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Malnourished Children: A Scoping Review

@#Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) intake may be beneficial in many aspects during the early phase of life. This scoping review aims to examine the beneficial outcomes and intakes of omega-3 and omega-6 PUFA among children. An electronic database search on academic journals published from 2017 to 2021 was conducted using Science Direct, PubMed, and Google Scholar. A total of 35 studies were identified and included in this scoping review. Majority of the findings found that PUFAs intake has a beneficial impact on the growth development, mental and cognitive health among children whether they are malnourished, sick or healthy individuals. Overall, this review may provide additional information on the benefits and recommended intake of supplementing PUFAs on children. More detailed research on this topic is needed to support these findings since it will contribute to the formation of the dietary intervention.

Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and ischemic stroke / 国际脑血管病杂志

Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are a kind of nutrients mainly derived from deep-sea fish, and their role in cardiocerebrovascular diseases has been extensively studied. This article reviews the correlation between omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and the risk and outcome of ischemic stroke and its mechanism of action.

Efeitos do ômega 3 na prevenção e tratamento da doença de Alzheimer / Effects of omega 3 in prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease

A doença de Alzheimer constitui o principal tipo de demência existente, sendo uma doença crônica neurodegenerativa decorrente de danos nas células do sistema nervoso, constituindo um distúrbio por deficiência progressiva de memória, linguagem, raciocínio e outras funções cognitivas. Na nutrição, diversos nutrientes específicos e seus efeitos vêm sendo estudados na Doença de Alzheimer, incluindo os ácidos graxos ômega 3. O objetivo deste estudo foi revisar sistematicamente a literatura, sobre os efeitos do ômega 3 na prevenção e tratamento do Alzheimer. Para a busca dos artigos da presente revisão, foi utilizado a base de dados Medline, por meio do PubMed. A princípio, foram encontrados 669 artigos, dos quais foram selecionados 11 após o processo de seleção. Os resultados mostraram que a suplementação de ômega 3 parece ter mais efeitos positivos (como melhora na memória e em sintomas depressivos e de agitação, menor declínio cognitivo, retardo na atrofia do hipocampo e diminuição da proteína beta amiloide no cérebro) em indivíduos com chances de desenvolver a doença de Alzheimer ou nos estágios iniciais da doença, do que em pacientes em estágios mais avançados.

Alzheimer's disease is the main type of existing dementia, it is a chronic neurodegenerative disease resulting from damage to the cells of the nervous system, constituting a disorder due to progressive impairment of memory, language, reasoning and other cognitive functions. In nutrition, several specific nutrients and their effects fueled in Alzheimer's Disease, including omega 3 fatty acids. The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature on the effects of omega 3 in the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Medline database was used through PubMed search engine to search for articles to make up this review. At first, 669 articles were found and 11 were selected after the selection process and the results showed that omega 3 supplementation appears to have more positive effects (improvement in memory and in depressive and agitation symptoms, less cognitive decline, delayed hippocampal atrophy and decreased beta amyloid protein in the brain) in individuals with a chance of developing Alzheimer's disease or in the early stages of the disease than in patients in advanced stages.

Análisis del contenido de ácidos grasos y estimación de índices de calidad nutricional en conservas de atún

RESUMEN Los alimentos de origen marino se caracterizan en general por su alto contenido en ácidos eicosapentaenoico (EPA) y docosahexaenoico (DHA), dos ácidos grasos poliinsaturados de la familia n-3 con funciones esenciales en el organismo humano. En Chile, las conservas de pescado, entre ellas el atún enlatado, son una de las formas principales de consumo de alimentos del mar. En este trabajo se analizaron los perfiles de ácidos grasos y se estimaron varios índices de calidad nutricional de distintas conservas de lomos de atún en agua y en aceite vegetal disponibles en supermercados de Santiago de Chile. Las cantidades de EPA+DHA encontradas oscilaron entre 184 y 310 mg/100 g y entre 110 y 336 mg/100 g en las conservas de atún en agua y en aceite, respectivamente. El ácido graso más abundante en las conservas de atún en agua fue el DHA, mientras que en las conservas en aceite fue el ácido linoleico, perteneciente a la familia n-6. Los índices de calidad lipídica del pescado (FLQ) y aterogénico (IA) fueron más altos en las conservas de atún en agua que en las de atún en aceite, mientras que la relación ácidos grasos hipocolesterolémicos/hipercolesterolémicos (HH) presentó valores mayores en el atún enlatado en aceite. El índice trombogénico (IT) fue en general más alto en las conservas de atún en aceite.

ABSTRACT Foods from marine origin are known to have a high content of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), two polyunsaturated fatty acids from the n-3 family with essential roles in the human organism. Canned fish, including tuna, is one of the main formats to consume marine foods in Chile. In this work, samples of canned tuna in water and in oil available in supermarkets of Santiago de Chile were analysed to elucidate their fatty acid composition and to estimate several indexes of nutritional quality related to the lipid fraction of such foods. The amounts of EPA+DHA ranged between 184 and 310 mg/100 g and between 110 and 336 mg/100 g for canned tuna in water and oil, respectively. DHA was the most abundant fatty acid in canned tuna in water, whereas linolenic acid (an n-6 fatty acid) was found to be the most abundant in canned tuna in oil. The Fish Lipid Quality (FLQ) and atherogenic index (AI) reached higher values in canned tuna in water than in canned tuna in oil, whereas the ratio hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic fatty acids (HH) was higher in canned tuna in oil. The thrombogenic index (TI) was generally higher for canned tuna in oil.

Sous-vide-cooked ω3-enriched chicken hamburger: Physicochemical and sensory characterization

ABSTRACT We designed a chicken-meat hamburger enriched with ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and cooked by sous-vide. The chicken meat used came from male BB chickens of the Cobb commercial line, fed for approximately 27 days with 3 isoprotein and isoenergetic diets based on: corn and soy; soybeans plus flax oil and soybeans plus fish oil. The hamburgers, made with a mixture of fresh skinless chicken breast and thigh meat, oat bran and a commercial mix of spices, were vacuum-packed and cooked at 80 °C for 10 min. Chemical analyses (moisture, fat, protein, fiber, thiobarbituric acid and fatty acid profile), color and texture profile were performed. The samples enriched with fish oil presented significantly higher values of docosapentaenoic acid (1.53 g of fatty acid per 100 g of fat) than the control sample (0.30 g of fatty acid per 100 g of fat). The sensory characterization was carried out by 54 consumers using the CATA methodology (check all that apply). The chicken-meat hamburger enriched with fish-ω3 oil was the most widely accepted by consumers. Therefore, a functional food product enriched with ω3 polyunsaturated acid close to the daily recommendation (250 mg) was designed. The sensory acceptability of consumers was found based on a pleasant taste, pleasant appearance and chicken flavor.

RESUMEN Se diseñó una hamburguesa de carne de pollo enriquecida con ácidos grasos ω3 poliinsaturados y cocida al vacío. La carne de pollo provino de pollos BB machos de la línea comercial Cobb, alimentados durante aproximadamente 27 días con 3 dietas isoproteicas e isoenergéticas en base a: maíz y soja; soja más aceite de lino y soja más aceite de pescado. Las hamburguesas, elaboradas con una mezcla de carne fresca de pechuga y pata muslo de pollo sin piel, salvado de avena y mezcla comercial de especias, se envasaron y cocinaron al vacío a 80 °C durante 10 min. Se realizaron análisis químicos (humedad, grasa, proteína, fibra, ácido tiobarbitúrico y perfil de ácidos grasos), color y perfil de textura. Las muestras enriquecidas con aceite de pescado presentaron valores significativamente mayores de ácidos docosapentaenoico (1,53 g de ácido graso por 100 g de grasa) que la muestra control (0,30 g de ácido graso por 100 g de grasa). La caracterización sensorial fue realizada por 54 consumidores utilizando la metodología CATA (marque todo lo que corresponda). La hamburguesa de pollo y enriquecida con aceite de pescado ω3 fue la más aceptada por los consumidores. Por lo tanto, se diseñó un producto alimenticio funcional en forma de hamburguesa de pollo que se enriqueció con ω3 poliinsaturados cerca de la recomendación diaria (250 mg), y se consideró un producto aceptable por el consumidor sobre la base del sabor agradable, apariencia agradable y sabor a pollo.

Omega 3 fatty acids - Potential modulators for oxidative stress and inflammation in the management of sickle cell disease

Abstract Objective Sickle cell disease is characterized by clinical complications resulting in vaso-occlusive crisis with prominent attributes of oxidative stress, inflammation, and pain. Inflammation is an integral part of this disease which further exacerbates the pain during a crisis. Omega-3 fatty acids are known to possess anti-inflammatory and anti-aggregatory properties and assist in diminishing the slow physiological inactivation. Methods A pilot nutritional interventional study was conducted wherein forty-three children with sickle cell disease aged 5-16 years were supplemented with omega-3 fatty acids for a period of six months. Analysis of oxidative stress, as well as inflammatory parameters, was done pre and post-supplementation. Results Increased free oxygen radical transference values depicting free radical generation is enhanced in these patients along with a reduced antioxidant defense, as seen by decreased free oxygen radical defense values. Supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids for a period of six months significantly reduced the inflammatory marker homocysteine in all patients, whereas high sensitive C reactive protein was significantly reduced only in females of the age group 11-16years. Simultaneously a significant reduction in oxidative stress parameters with a concomitant increase of antioxidant defense was observed in all patients. Conclusion The authors' findings suggest the regulatory effects of omega-3 fatty acids as cellular activators in alleviating the complications due to sickle cell disease. Omega-3 fatty acids hold promise as future therapeutic candidates in patients with sickle cell disease.

Ácidos grasos omega-3 y función endotelial en pacientes con síndrome coronario agudo / Omega-3 fatty acids and endothelial function in patients with acute coronary syndrome

Las enfermedades cardiovasculares son la principal causa de muerte a nivel mundial, manifestándose principalmente como enfermedad isquémica coronaria. El pronóstico y desenlace del Síndrome Coronario Agudo (SCA) depende en gran proporción de la disfunción endotelial asociado a este cuadro. Objetivo:Evaluar el efecto de los ácidos grasos omega­3, sobre la función endotelial en el Síndrome Coronario Agudo (SCA). Métodos: Se realizó estudio con 16 pacientes con síndrome coronario agudo (SCA) tratados con Omega-3 a dosis de 3 gramos/día+Terapia Convencional (O3+Tc) durante 30 días. Se les realizó a las 12 horas del ingreso y los a 30 días, perfil lipídico, proteína C reactiva ultrasensible (PCRus), Endotelina 1 (ET-1), y Péptido Natriurético cerebral (NTproBNP). Resultados: Durante 4 semanas de seguimiento, el uso de 3 gramos/día de ácidos grasos omega-3, añadido a la terapia convencional en el Síndrome Coronario Agudo, mostró una reducción significativa de la concentración plasmática de NTproBNP (p = 0,000), PCRus (p =0,000) y triglicéridos (p = 0,004). Conclusión: Tres gramos al día de ácidos grasos omega-3 contribuye a la reducción de la concentración plasmática de Triglicéridos y NTproBNP en pacientes con síndrome coronario agudo(AU)

Mainly as coronary ischemic disease. the prognosis and outcome of Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) depend largely on the endothelial dysfunction associated with this condition. Objective: To evaluate the effect of omega-3 fatty acids on endothelial function in Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS). Method: A study was conducted with 16 patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) treated with Omega-3 at a dose of 3 grams/day+Conventional erapy (O3+Tc) for 30 days. Lipid profile, ultrasensitive C-reactive protein (usCRP), Endothelin 1 (ET-1), and Brain Natriuretic Peptide (NTproBNP) were performed 12 hours aer admission and 30 days later. Results: During 4 weeks of follow-up, the use of 3 grams/day of omega-3 fatty acids, added to conventional therapy in Acute Coronary Syndrome, showed a significant reduction in the plasma concentration of NTproBNP (p = 0.000), hsCRP (p =0.000) and Triglycerides (p = 0.004). Conclusion: three grams a day of omega-3 fatty acids contributes to the reduction of the plasmatic concentration of Triglycerides and NTproBNP in patients with acute coronary syndrome(AU)

Suplementación prenatal con omega 3 y su efecto en complicaciones durante el embarazo / Effect of prenatal omega 3 supplementation on pregnancy outcomes

Durante los últimos años se ha incentivado la suplementación con omega 3 durante el embarazo principalmente debido a la evidencia que mostraría beneficios en el desarrollo neuronal y visual del hijo en gestación, y a la prevención de patologías obstétricas asociadas a un aumento de la morbi-mortalidad perinatal. Los ácidos grasos poliinsaturados (PUFAs) omega 3, específicamente el ácido eicosapentaenoico (EPA) y el ácido docosahexaenoico (DHA), poseen propiedades antiinflamatorias, vasodilatadoras, además de propiedades anti-agregantes, las cuales han estimulado el uso de PUFAs en la prevención de enfermedades cardiovasculares. En esta revisión detallamos los efectos de la suplementación con omega 3 en diferentes aspectos del embarazo tales como la prevención del parto prematuro, preeclampsia, depresión post-parto y mejora del metabolismo durante la diabetes gestacional. Si bien existen diversos ensayos clínicos randomizados que estudian la suplementación con omega 3 durante la gestación, la evidencia sigue siendo no concluyente, debido a la variabilidad de las dosis y tiempo de administración. Ciertamente, un mayor número de estudios de calidad son necesarios para determinar el real impacto de la suplementación con omega 3 durante la gestación en la prevención de patologías obstétricas(AU)

During pregnancy, omega 3 supplementation has raised its popularity due to evidence that it would show not only benefits in the neural and visual development of the unborn child, but also in the prevention of obstetrical pathologies associated with of perinatal morbidity and mortality. Omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), specifically, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), possess anti-inflammatory, vasodilatory and anti-aggregating properties, which have led to the use of PUFAs in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we detail the effects of omega 3 supplementation on different aspects of pregnancy such as prevention of preterm birth, pre-eclampsia, postpartum depression, and improved metabolism during gestational diabetes. Although there are several randomized clinical trials using omega-3 supplementation during pregnancy, the evidence remains inconclusive, due to variability in dosage and administration time. Certainly, a greater number of high-quality studies including randomized clinical trials are necessary to determine the impact of omega 3 supplementation during pregnancy in the prevention of obstetric pathologies(AU)

Ad libitum consumption of milk supplemented with omega 3, 6, and 9 oils from infancy to middle age alters behavioral and oxidative outcomes in male mice

We tested the hypothesis that administration of omega (ω)-9, ω-3, and ω-6 to mice can prevent oxidative alterations responsible for behavioral and cognitive alterations related with aging. Twenty-eight-day-old mice received skim milk (SM group), SM enriched with omega oil mixture (EM group), or water (control group) for 10 and 14 months, equivalent to middle age. Mice were evaluated for behavioral alterations related to depression and memory and oxidative status [brain levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), reduced glutathione (GSH), and myeloperoxidase (MPO)]. The 10-month EM group increased immobility time during the forced swimming test compared with control, indicating increased stress response. The 14-month SM- and EM-treated groups increased sucrose consumption compared with control, showing an expanded motivational state. The 14-month SM group decreased the number of rearings compared with the 14-month control and EM groups. The number of entries and time spent in the central square of the open field was higher in the 10-month EM group than in the control, revealing an anxiolytic-like behavior. TBARS decreased in the hippocampus and striatum of the 10-month EM group compared with the control. A similar decrease was observed in the striatum of the 10-month SM group. GSH levels were higher in all 14-month treated groups compared with 10-month groups. MPO activity was higher in the 14-month EM group compared with the 14-month control and SM groups, revealing a possible pro-inflammatory status. In conclusion, omega oils induced conflicting alterations in middle-aged mice, contributing to enhanced behavior and anxiolytic and expanded motivational state, but also to increased stress response and pro-inflammatory alterations.