KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND APPLICATION OF HEMOVIGILANCE BY POSTGRADUATES AND INTERNS IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

Objective: This study was conducted to assess the knowledge, attitude and application of hemovigilance by postgraduates and interns in a tertiary care hospital.Methods: A pre-validated questionnaire is used in this cross-sectional investigation. Postgraduates’ and interns’ Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) about hemovigilance, potential reasons for under-reporting, and strategies for enhancing transfusion reaction reporting were all intended to be evaluated in this study. The study was carried out over a period of 2 mo and included all the clinical PGs and interns who willingly gave consent.Results: The questionnaire was completed by 243 individuals in total. A mean of 94% of postgraduate students and 92% of interns were familiar with transfusion reactions. Merely 68% of the respondents possessed knowledge of India's Hemovigilance initiative. A total of 90% of participants concurred that it is essential to report adverse transfusion reactions. The idea of hemovigilance should be taught in UG curricula, according to 92% of participants overall. The majority of participants exhibited a favourable attitude towards the idea of hemovigilance. All the participants were willing to report unfavourable transfusion reactions.Conclusion: Although most participants have a good attitude towards reporting transfusion reactions, there is a lack of information about the hemovigilance program and the reporting process. For this reason, our research recommends that reporting procedures be included in undergraduate curricula and that seminars like training programs be held for postgraduates and practitioners.

Hemovigilance: knowledge, attitude and practice among postgraduates and interns of a tertiary care hospital

Background: Adverse reactions due to transfusion of blood and blood products should be reported for the betterment of patients health and to minimize such effects in the future. A Program was initiated to report and reduce incidence of adverse reactions to blood products which is hemovigilance program of India. Aim was to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practice of haemovigilance among postgraduates and interns. Methods: This was a cross-sectional questionnaire-based study conducted among 159 participants of a tertiary care hospital for a period of 1 month. Results: Results obtained were analysed using descriptive and qualitative statistics. About 83.6% of the participants were aware about the concept of Haemovigilance. Only 23 out of the 159 had reported transfusion reactions in the past but the attitude towards this concept was satisfactory. Conclusions: Overall the participants had a less satisfactory overview of this concept and hence educational interventions can aid in serving the purpose.

Impact of COVID-19 on community medicine education and training-postgraduates� perspective: a qualitative exploration

Background: World Health Organization on March 11, 2020 announced, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as pandemic. It has affected nearly every nation with remarkable alterations on everyday life. COVID-19 has had heartfelt impact on the medical education worldwide. Closure of the medical schools and universities has disturbed the education of future health professionals. During this pandemic, most educational institutions have opted for online education to protect their students. Online education has been gaining encouragement in almost all countries around the world. This coincides with the recently introduced competency-based medical education in India which has adopted online education. This created a new challenge for the institutions involved, the instructors and the students since they must adapt quickly to this new mode of learning. Methods: A Qualitative approach using Systematic methods (Free listing and Pile sorting) was done among postgraduate students during the month of September 2021. A total of 32 postgraduates were included in the study. Results: A total of 32 postgraduates were included. Among them 23 (72%) were females and 9 (28%) were males. According to salience score, effects of COVID on medical education in postgraduates� perspective in decreasing order are loss of academics, reduced clinical exposure, less student teacher interaction. One positive effect is new era of E-learning. Pile sorting resulted into two piles academic loss and technical issues. Conclusion: COVID-19 has created a lot of impact on medical education creating psychological stress more due to online education and academics are hampered due to COVID duties.

Knowledge of Chronic Kidney Disease among MD Medicine Postgraduates and Residents

Introduction : Physicians in India are frequently the first point of contact for patients with chronic kidney disease. Hence, awareness of clinical practice guidelines for Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) among the Postgraduates/ residents of MD Medicine is of paramount importance. The aim of this study is to assess MD Medicine Postgraduates’ and Residents’ awareness and knowledge of clinical practice guidelines for Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). Materials and methods : The present study is a cross-sectional observation study. A questionnaire of clinical vignettes on CKD with multiple choices was prepared. A one-time survey of MD Medicine postgraduates and residents from various medical colleges in three states of southern India has been collected. Results : A total of 228 Postgraduates or Residents of MD Medicine participated in the study. The awareness of clinical practice guidelines for CKD was low across all postgraduate years (PGYs) of MD Medicine. We measured the CKD awareness in postgraduates and residents of MD Medicine based on the Postgraduate year, Medical college and institute, type of institution (either Government funded or capitation fee), the presence of a nephrology fellowship in the institution, and the consultation given to the Nephrology patients in the Medicine OPD. Conclusions : The modest awareness of clinical practice guidelines for CKD across all PGYs has suggested that incorporation of these guidelines into the medicine postgraduate training curriculum is not robust at present. We also discussed the means to improve the understanding of nephrology by the postgraduates/residents of MD Medicine

An evaluation of knowledge, attitude, and perception about adverse drug reactions and pharmacovigilance among postgraduate students in a Medical College Teaching Hospital of Sangli

Background: National Pharmacovigilance (PV) program is an ongoing program to monitor the adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and reporting at the earliest. ADRs reporting by physicians, consultants are very less leading to various problems. As postgraduate students are future physicians and consultants, this study was undertaken with following objectives. Aim and Objectives: The aim of the study was to study the knowledge about ADRs, PV, and to know the attitude about ADR reporting-in postgraduate students. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted after approval by our institutional ethics committee pretested and validated questions consisting of 20 questions (knowledge, attitude, and perception) were administrated to postgraduate students. The filled questionnaires were collected and analyzed. Results: In our study, postgraduates from all branches had fair enough idea about ADR and PV. In knowledge domain, postgraduate students were aware of term ADRs (100%), PV (89.6%). In attitude domain majority of students (87.9%) know the availability of ADR forms, compulsory of PV unit (96.5%). In perception domain very poor response (23.3%) had reported ADR filled form till duration of study. About 89.7% of them knew the meaning of re-challenge and de-challenge, and majority of students (98.3%) also know how to manage the ADRs in emergency conditions. Conclusions: Under reporting problem can be improved by doing more sensitizing activities at UG and PG level including various workshops, CMEs, and problem based teaching. These exercises will improve their reporting frequency and sensitize them from the postgraduate days itself in their upcoming clinical practice in community to avoid drug related complications.

Investigation on the satisfaction of postgraduates majoring in public health with the teaching material of chronic disease prevention and control / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To investigate the status of satisfaction of postgraduates majoring in public health with the teaching material of The prevention and control of chronic non- communicable disease, so as to provide the basis for promoting the teaching and optimizing the reprint of the teaching material. Methods:An online survey was conducted among 180 public health postgraduates of Batch 2018 to Batch 2020 from China CDC who took the selective course of "prevention and control of chronic non-communicable diseases". The survey content included the overall satisfaction of the respondents with the teaching material and such four levels of satisfaction as primary indicators at the content level, thinking level, motivation level and arrangement level and 20 secondary indicators. The statistical analysis was made by SPSS 25.0.Results:The effective response rate was 90.56% (163/180), and the overall satisfaction of postgraduates with the teaching material was 88.96%. The satisfaction of "scientificity", "comprehensiveness", "internal coordination" and "hierarchy" at the content level, "systematic thinking" and "quality education" at the thinking level, "deepening the understanding and application of relevant knowledge in the field of chronic disease prevention and control" and "the content is convenient for self-study and helps guide the construction of new knowledge" at the motivation level, and "accurate words, fluent language and easy to read and understand" and "firm binding, good paper quality and clear printing" at the arrangement level of the teaching material was more than 90.00%. Only the satisfaction of "the critical thinking" at the thinking level and "stimulating learning enthusiasm" at the motivation level was less than 85.00%.Conclusion:The teaching material of The prevention and control of chronic non- communicable disease meets the learning needs of postgraduates majoring in public health, and students have high overall satisfaction evaluation on the teaching material. It is necessary to further optimize the two aspects of "the critical thinking" and "stimulating learning enthusiasm" in the revision of the teaching material.

Exploration on writing features and learning strategies of English biomedical research papers / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Writing and publishing biomedical research papers in English for academic purposes (EAP) has become an essential requirement for medical postgraduates in China. To face this challenge, medical postgraduates need adapt themselves to the local environment of English as a second language and the transformation from writing for examinations to writing for application. This change determines the features of biomedical research papers, including being application-oriented, using clear and concise language, organizing the discourse by specific genre rules, and assessing the quality according to the completion of communicative purposes. Based on these features, students can exploit the learning strategies of choosing a word suited for the style, structuring a sentence according to the logic, creating a paragraph of continuity and one main idea, and composing the discourse in line with the genre. These strategies may help medical postgraduates effectively improve their ability to write biomedical research papers in English.

Compilation of a questionnaire on mate preferences of postgraduates in military academy / 四川精神卫生

ObjectiveTo form a questionnaire of high reliability and validity on mate preferences of postgraduates in military academy. MethodsIn December 2020， full-time postgraduates of a military academy were randomly selected as research objects， and their mate preferences were investigated via a self-compiled open-ended questionnaire. The item screening and expert consultation were carried out to compile an initial questionnaire on mate preferences of the postgraduates in military academy， and the questionnaire survey was conducted on 89 postgraduates in the military academy. Then the item analysis and exploratory factor analysis were performed to test the questionnaire， and the reliability and validity of the questionnaire were tested by calculating Pearson correlation coefficient， Cronbach's α coefficients and split-half coefficient. ResultsThe questionnaire on mate preferences of postgraduates in military academy has been formed， which consisting of 4 factors （intrinsic quality， personal ability， external conditions and quality of life） and 25 items was formed. The correlation coefficient between the total score of the questionnaire and the score of each factor ranged from 0.739 to 0.864， Cronbach's α coefficient of total score and each factor ranged from 0.723 to 0.926， and the split-half coefficient was between 0.682 and 0.899. ConclusionThe compiled questionnaire on mate preferences of postgraduates in military academy has good credibility and validity， and can be used as a tool to collect the data of psychological marriage and love on the mate preferences of postgraduates in military academy.

Exploring the selection mechanism of "3+3 Successive Master-Doctor Program" for academic medical doctor: evidence from Guangzhou Medical University / 中华医学教育探索杂志

This article reviews that Guangzhou Medical University has explored the selection mechanism of "3+3 Successive Master-Doctor Program" for academic postgraduates of medical doctor and improved the quality of doctoral student selection by the following ways: stimulating the enthusiasm of the supervisor team through "competition", improving the quality of doctoral students through "selection", and optimizing the allocation of graduate education resources through "management mechanism reform". Our selection mechanism focuses on improving the quality of graduate education, fully listens to teachers and students, gives full play to the role of scholarships and financial aids, and pays equal attentions to the selection of outstanding applicants and the management of the training process of successive Master-Doctor program, which provides the beneficial reference for medical schools to explore the innovation of talent training models.

The Current Situation and Countermeasures of Ethics Education for Clinical Medical Postgraduates / 中国医学伦理学

In recent years, clinical research has developed rapidly in China and gradually converged with international standards. The importance of ethics education in clinical research for clinical medical postgraduates has become increasingly prominent. From the purpose of promoting the ethics education of clinical medical postgraduates, this paper expounded the significance of carrying out the ethics education of clinical research for clinical medical postgraduates, analyzed the current situation and problems of the ethics education of clinical research for domestic postgraduates, and put forward countermeasures and suggestions for strengthening the ethics education of clinical medical postgraduates. Specifically, this included increasing the degree of attention and rationally allocating teaching resources; paying attention to the transformation of theory into practice, and increasing the relevant curriculum; defining the training objectives, and conducting the staged cross-cultivation; adopting various teaching methods, and improving the training effect; utilizing clinical research practice to develop the ethics ability of clinical research.

Ego defense mechanisms among pediatric dental postgraduate students in India A descriptive cross-sectional study

Background: Ego defense mechanisms (EDMs) act as a major factor for overcoming stressful situations in life. Aims: The study aimed to assess the various patterns and factors of EDMs employed by pediatric dental postgraduate students in India. Settings and Design: Cross-sectional design, web-based questionnaire survey. Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire study on EDM was conducted among 246 pediatric dental postgraduates in India from July to October 2019. The modified form of the Defense Style Questionnaire-20 included 10 EDMs under three major patterns– Mature, Immature, and Neurotic. The questionnaire was sent to all pediatric dental postgraduates enrolled in the Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry and reminders were sent every week for 6 weeks. Results: Among the 1041 pediatric dental postgraduates who received the E-mail, two hundred and forty-six students responded to the same. The respondents included 89 males and 157 females. The mature pattern was found to be the most commonly employed EDM (males-47.20%; females-51.60%). Sublimation (72.76%), a mature type of defense was found to be the most common EDM factor employed by the majority of the students. The immature pattern was higher among males when compared to females (males-14.60%; females-5.70%). Conclusion: Most pediatric dental postgraduates exhibited a mature pattern, followed by a neurotic and immature pattern of EDM. The mature pattern of EDM was displayed more by the female students than the male students. Sublimation was found to be the maximum expressed factor followed by acting out.

Thinking on training model of professional postgraduates of Obstetrics and Gynecology / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Under the combination of postgraduate education and standardized medical residents training, via exploring current situation, we put forward the limitations of routine rotation training, disconnection of theory and practice, inefficient of scientific ability. We arouse a new model by improving teaching model, enriching teaching content, optimizing teaching method, making better arrangement of rotations and cultivating scientific ability to provide references for enhancing the ability of clinical thinking, practice, scientific research and communication.

Practice in fostering postgraduates' creativity through teaching the course of Modern Microbial Biotechnology / 生物工程学报

Improving the creativity is crucial to postgraduate training nowadays. The course of Modern Microbial Biotechnology is an optional specialized course for microbiology-related postgraduates. To explore a new teaching mode for improving the creativity of postgraduate students, we reformed the teaching content, the teaching method and the evaluation mode of this course. Through case study teaching, seminar-style classroom and implementation of a new assessment method, the students not only mastered professional knowledge and disciplinary frontiers of modern microbiology technology, but also improved their ability of discovering, analyzing and solving problems. The reformed course teaching mode is effective in fostering postgraduates' creativity.

Development and introduction of a communication skills module for postgraduate students of ophthalmology

Purpose: Effective communication lies at the heart of a patient--doctor relationship. Communication skills (CS) teaching and assessment is not a part of the postgraduate (PG) curriculum. Lack of effective CS in current PG students' results in patient distrust and dissatisfaction, conflicts, and compromised healthcare. The regulatory authorities of medical education have recognized the need to inculcate soft skills among medical graduates, one of which is CS. The purpose of this study was to assess the need for teaching CS to ophthalmology PG students and develop and introduce a module for the same. Methods: In this prospective, interventional study done at the ophthalmology department of a tertiary hospital, a validated 8 day CS workshop was conducted for 60 PG students through interactive lectures, observations, video sessions, and role plays. Feedbacks were obtained through narratives, validated Google survey, reflections and verbal method and analyzed. Results: In the needs assessment done on 27 departmental faculties, 20 faculties found poor communication to be a major reason for patient complaints. All faculties agreed that CS should be taught to medical students. Statistically significant improvement in CS awareness was noted among students after the workshop. Lack of CS training, work burden, and language were identified as main barriers to effective communication. All the students were satisfied with the workshop and wanted it to be conducted regularly. Conclusion: This study establishes that CS training is essential to improve patient satisfaction and patient-doctor relationships. Barriers to effective CS could be identified, for which possible solutions could be found.

Cross-sectional study of emotional quotient among post graduate students in Rajarajeswari medical college and hospital, Bengaluru

Background: Medical education in India traditionally emphasizes physician’s medical knowledge with less emphasis on interpersonal skills and ability to relate to the patients. Emotional intelligence is desirable among doctors to contribute towards patient centered practice, patient satisfaction as well as effective communication skills. This study was undertaken to assess the emotional quotient of postgraduate medical students and to investigate its relationship with various factors to act as baseline for future work in this area.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among all postgraduate students of Rajarajeswari Medical College and Hospital, Bengaluru over a period of two months. Emotional quotient (EQ) was assessed using a pretested, semi-structured, self-administered questionnaire. Data was analyzed by using SPSS version 21.0. All qualitative variables were presented as frequency and percentages.Results: Total respondents in the study were 173. Emotional Quotient was assessed based on four factors; self- awareness, self-management, social awareness and social skills, by plotting the results on a 1(lowest) to 10(high score) scale. Majority of respondents 79.76% (self awareness) and 71.79% (self management) had low scores (below 6). More females (74.73%) obtained low scores as compared to males (67.94%) in self management. In social awareness 61.53% males had low scores compared to 55.78% in females. Self management and social skills were better in postgraduates of surgical fields whereas postgraduates in medical fields had high scores in social awareness.Conclusions: Emotional quotient with its four main components is low among most of the postgraduates. This was more so in self awareness domain.

A questionnaire based study on the knowledge, attitude and the practices of pharmacovigilance among the postgraduate students at a tertiary care hospital in south India

Background: Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are common cause of morbidity in the practice of medicine. Pharmacovigilance is the science of detection, assessment and understanding and prevention of adverse effects or any drug related problems. Post graduates are perhaps the first to notice ADRs in outpatient/inpatient setup as they spend most of the time bedside. Thus, this study was conducted to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) of postgraduates about Pharmacovigilance.Methods: A prevalidated and pretested questionnaire with 20 questions related to KAP of pharmacovigilance is administered to postgraduate students after obtaining their consent. All the completed and returned questionnaires were analysed for results using appropriate statistics.Results: 180 pretested questionnaires were distributed among postgraduates out of which, 122 were returned from postgraduates of all major medical and surgical allied departments. 90.2 % defined pharmacovigilance correctly, 83.6% thought reporting ADRs is a professional obligation, while only 65.6% knew regarding the existence of national pharmacovigilance program. 58.4% have experienced ADRs, of which only 24.6% reported ADR to pharmacovigilance centre. Major reasons for under reporting are lack of time to report and difficulty to decide whether ADR has occurred or not.Conclusions: In this study, the knowledge and attitude related to Pharmacovigilance is good amongst postgraduates, but practical implementation in reporting of ADRs is poor. Sensitization programs on pharmacovigilance practice in tertiary care hospitals and regular review meetings to ensure ADR reporting to pharmacovigilance centre will strengthen the health care setup.

A preliminary study on the narrative medical curriculum for clinical medicine postgraduates / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective To establish a scientific and rational narrative medical curriculum standards for clinical medicine postgraduates to improve their medical humanistic quality.Methods On the basis of literature review and group discussion,the standards of narrative medical curriculum for postgraduates majoring in clinical medicine were preliminarily constructed,and the Delphi method was used to evaluate and screen the indicators.An expert consultation questionnaire was drawn up for 40 selected experts to finalize the curriculum standards for narrative medicine.The small-scale teaching practice was carried out in postgraduates of the Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery in Southwest Hospital of Chongqing,and the problems in the process of teaching implementation were collected.Results Experts' opinions tended to be consistent after two rounds of consultation.Finally,the study confirmed a theoretical and practical narrative medical curriculum which consisted of introducing narrative medicine theory,reading narrative medicine related books,watching the medical narrative film and television works,and writing the narrative medical records.Through the small-scale teaching practice,we collected a variety of problems,for which,we sorted out and analyzed,and finally put forward the improvement scheme.Conclusion The narrative medical curriculum for clinical medicine postgraduates is reasonable,which can lay the foundation for the promotion of clinical medical postgraduates' medical humanistic quality and doctor-patient communication ability,and accelerate the popularization of narrative medicine idea in our country.

CBI in medical English teaching for postgraduates / 中华医学教育探索杂志

In order to improve students' specialized language proficiency, CBI was practiced in medical English teaching for postgraduates by integrating medical contents with their language learning. The practice was carried out in two classes with 82 postgraduates for 14 weeks, 4 teaching hours a week. It included: ①needs analysis: a questionnaire was given to students in order to understand their learning background and needs from the course.②design of the teaching content:the basic structure of human body being selected as the theme, the teaching mainly surrounded the basic structure, function and commonly seen diseases of the nine human anatomical systems. ③selection of teaching activities: it included in-class lectures, interactive learning activities, group tasks and extracurricular reading tasks. ④evaluation and adjustment:in-class evaluation involved in paraphrasing, role-play, quizzes etc. while extracurricular reading was evaluated by weekly reading journals. At the end of the course, a questionnaire and interview were conducted to collect students' comments and suggestions for the course. Results showed, through the process of learning meaningful content, students gained improvement not only in their medical knowledge but also in their language skills, which suggested CBI is an effective way to guide medical English teaching.

Scientific papers: Which type would you prefer? / 中西医结合学报

It's very important to enhance the quality of scientific papers produced by postgraduates and scholars from academic institutions. To encourage their academic and professional development, these young scientists should be encouraged to compose nonresearch articles, in addition to original research articles, including short essays, perspectives and reviews.

Knowledge, attitude, and practice of dental implants among dental postgraduates and practitioners in Davangere City, Karnataka: A cross-sectional study

Implant therapy has become an important part of treatment to restore function and esthetics in partially/completely edentulous patients. Inspite of the progress made in implant dentistry since its inception, there have been some loopholes in scientific based knowledge and established clinical experience amongst dental professionals and postgraduates.So,an analysis was performed of the real picture. Objectives: A study was conducted to assess and compare the knowledge, attitude and practice of dental implants among dental postgraduate students and dental practitioners (General and institutional)in Davangere City, Karnataka and to identify the variations in their knowledge, attitude and practice with respect to dentist's factors (years of experience, implant training and their specialization). Materials and Methods: A cross sectional questionnaire based survey was conducted using census approach with informed consent. A pretested, self administered questionnaire containing demographic details and knowledge ,attitude and practice based questions was distributed and collected back from the respondents. Responses were coded before and decoded after the analysis. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS SoftwareV17.0. Results: The results were determined after the statistically analyzed and concluded that the knowledge was widespread among postgraduates and dental practitioners and variations existed amongst the subjects with respect to age, gender, years of experience, practice type, implant training and their specialization. It was also found that the attitude and practice towards implants and their evidence based knowledge about the same was variable.