Résumé
O ensino remoto emergencial ocasionou mudanças no processo de ensino-aprendizagem, requisitando criatividade e incorporação de novas estratégias pedagógicas. Aqui, o objetivo é descrever a experiência de ensino-aprendizagem na disciplina educação em saúde, no contexto da pandemia de covid-19. Trata-se de um relato de experiência sobre o ensino remoto de educação em saúde no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva da Universidade Estadual do Ceará, no período letivo 2021.1. A disciplina foi ministrada por meio da plataforma Google Meet®, adotando-se estratégias ativas de ensino-aprendizagem. Os conteúdos mostraram--se relevantes. Ademais, a experiência promoveu a articulação teórico-prática, valorizou os saberes prévios dos pós-graduandos e estimulou a interatividade. Buscou-se superar o modelo tradicional de ensino, com vistas a propiciar autonomia e uma aprendizagem significativa. Os desafios encontrados e as possibilidades identificadas permitem a reflexão sobre a práxis docente, no que tange ao estímulo à participação e ao engajamento discente em ambiente virtual, além da incorporação de estratégias ativas de ensino, sobretudo no ensino remoto.
Emergency remote teaching caused changes in the teaching-learning process, requiring creativity and the incorporation of new pedagogical strategies. Here, the objective is to describe the teaching-learning experience in the health education discipline, in the context of the covid-19 pandemic. This is an experience report on remote teaching of health education in the postgraduate program in public health, at the Ceará State University, Brazil, in the 2021.1 academic period. The classes were given using the Google Meet® platform, adopting active teaching-learning strategies. The contents proved to be relevant. Moreover, the experience promoted theoretical-practical articulation, valued the prior knowledge of the postgraduate students and encouraged interactivity. We sought to overcome the traditional teaching model, in order to provide autonomy and a meaningful learning. The challenges experienced and the possibilities identified allow reflection on teaching practice in terms of encouraging student participation and engagement in a virtual environment, in addition to the incorporation of active teaching strategies in especially remote teaching.
La educación remota de emergencia provocó cambios en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje, requiriendo creatividad y la incorporación de nuevas estrategias pedagógicas. El objetivo aquí es describir la experiencia de enseñanza-aprendizaje en la disciplina educación para la salud, en el contexto de la pandemia covid-19. Se trata de un relato de experiencia sobre la enseñanza remota de educación para la salud en el programa de posgrado en Salud Pública, de la Universidad Estadual de Ceará, en el período académico 2021.1. El curso se impartió utilizando la plataforma Google Meet®, adoptando estrategias activas de enseñanza-aprendi-zaje. Los contenidos han demonstrado ser relevantes. Además, la experiencia fomentó la articulación teó-rico-práctica, valoró los conocimientos previos de los estudiantes de posgrado y impulsó la interactividad. Buscamos superar el modelo de enseñanza tradicional, con el propósito de proporcionar autonomía y un aprendizaje significativo. Los desafíos enfrentados y las posibilidades identificadas permiten reflexionar sobre la práctica docente, en relación a incentivar la participación y el compromiso de los estudiantes en un ambiente virtual, además de la incorporación de estrategias activas en la enseñanza remota.
Sujets)
Enseignement , Éducation pour la santé , Enseignement à distance , COVID-19 , Santé publique , Éducation , Médias sociaux , ApprentissageRésumé
Fundamento: en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Villa Clara se ha diseñado e implementado una estrategia metodológica para lograr mayor relación de la superación profesional con el cuadro de salud. Objetivo: exponer los resultados de la superación profesional en correspondencia con los principales problemas de salud en Villa Clara. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo con diseño transversal de la superación profesional vinculada al posgrado en el periodo 2017-2021. Se aplicaron métodos teóricos, empíricos y matemático-estadísticos; la información obtenida se presentó en tablas con valores absolutos y relativos. Resultados: del total de actividades planificadas, el 83,01 % respondieron a los problemas de salud de la provincia. Relacionado con las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles se efectuaron 542; tumores malignos, 179; Programa de Atención Materno Infantil, 1762; y Programa de Atención al Adulto Mayor, 198. Sobre otras enfermedades transmisibles, su mayor número estuvo en el 2019. En el 2020 predominaron las vinculadas a las arbovirosis y la pandemia de la COVID-19 cuando se capacitaron un total de 325 880 profesionales en el 2020 y 5839 en el 2021. Conclusiones: la superación posgraduada de los profesionales de la salud en Villa Clara se ha correspondido con los principales problemas de la salud del territorio en los años del 2017 al 2021 lo cual evidencia pertinencia y progreso en la continuidad de la formación académica del capital humano.
Background: at Villa Clara University of Medical Sciences, a methodological strategy has been designed and implemented to achieve a greater relationship between professional improvement and health status. Objective: to present the results of professional improvement in correspondence with the main health problems in Villa Clara. Methods: a descriptive study was carried out with a cross-sectional design of professional improvement linked to postgraduate studies from 2017 to 2021. Theoretical, empirical and mathematical-statistical methods were applied; the information obtained was presented in tables with absolute and relative values. Results: out of the whole activities, 83.01% responded to the health problems of the province. Related to chronic non-transmissible diseases, 542 were carried out; malignant tumors, 179; Maternal and Child Care Program, 1762; and the Elderly Care Program, 198. Regarding other transmissible diseases, the highest number was in 2019. In 2020, those linked to arboviruses and the COVID-19 pandemic predominated when a total of 325,880 professionals were trained in 2020 and 5839 in 2021. Conclusions: the postgraduate improvement of health professionals in Villa Clara has corresponded to the main health problems of the territory in the years from 2017 to 2021, which shows relevance and progress in the continuity of the academic training of human capital.
Sujets)
Enseignement spécialisé en médecine , Apprentissage par problèmes , Enseignement médical , Cours de FormationRésumé
A formação em Saúde no Brasil construiu uma prática desarticulada da realidade, mas a integração ensino-serviço tem se mostrado potente diante desse problema. Analisou-se a influência da participação de profissionais de saúde em iniciativas de integração ensino-serviço na formação e seus reflexos na prática. Estudo qualitativo, descritivo e exploratório, com entrevista de oito profissionais, utilizando a técnica de entrevistas narrativas e "Análise de Conteúdo". Duas categorias emergiram: "A importância dos cenários reais para a formação em Saúde" e "O trabalho em equipe e a necessidade do desenvolvimento de competências colaborativas". O mergulho na experiência oportunizou a obtenção de conhecimentos que extrapolam os recursos que um currículo tradicional pode ofertar.
Health training in Brazil creates practice that is detached from reality. However, teaching-service integration has shown itself to be a powerful tool to address this problem. This study analyzed the influence of the participation of health professionals in teaching-service integration initiatives in training and the effects of these initiatives on professional practice. We conducted an exploratory descriptive study in which eight professionals were interviewed using narrative interview techniques. The data were analyzed using content analysis. Two main categories emerged from the analysis: "The importance of real situations for health training" and "Team work and the need to develop collaboration competencies". Immersion into experience provided the opportunity to acquire knowledge that goes beyond the resources offered by a traditional curriculum.
La formación en salud en Brasil construyó una práctica desarticulada de la realidad, pero la integración enseñanza-servicio se ha mostrado potente con relación a este problema. Se analizó la influencia de la participación de profesionales de salud en iniciativas de integración enseñanza-servicio en la formación y sus reflejos y en la práctica de los profesionales. Estudio cualitativo, descriptivo y exploratorio, en el cual se entrevistaron ocho profesionales, utilizando la técnica de entrevistas narrativas de Análisis de Contenido. Surgieron dos categorías: "La importancia de los escenarios reales para la formación en salud" y "El trabajo en equipo y la necesidad del desarrollo de competencias colaborativas". La profundización en la experiencia dio oportunidad a la obtención de conocimientos que extrapolan los recursos que un currículo tradicional puede ofrecer.
Résumé
Com o objetivo de compreender o desenvolvimento da integração ensino-serviço-comunidade (Iesc) no município de Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, por meio do Contrato Organizativo de Ação Pública Ensino-Saúde (Coapes), realizou-se um estudo de caso. Uma amostra intencional com dez integrantes do Comitê Gestor Local que participaram de entrevistas semiestruturadas, em ambiente virtual, gravadas e transcritas na íntegra. Os relatos passaram por análise de conteúdo na modalidade temática e os resultados indicaram que a condução da Iesc e do Coapes foi bem-sucedida. A sustentabilidade e os êxitos da contratualização estão relacionados a estratégias, como aproximação, diálogo institucional, igualdade de valor e transparência, provenientes de discussões técnicas, compreensão do processo, escolha do formato, sensibilização e engajamento dos atores. A combinação desses elementos, aliada a novos projetos e atitudes, aponta caminhos para a consolidação da Iesc no território, que apresenta desafios a serem superados.(AU)
Con el objetivo de comprender el desarrollo de la integración enseñanza-servicio-comunidad (IESC) en el municipio de Braganza Paulista (Estado de São Paulo), a partir del Contrato Organizativo de Acción Pública Enseñanza-Salud (Coapes), se realizó un estudio de caso. Una muestra intencional con diez integrantes del Comité Gestor Local participó en entrevistas semiestructuradas, realizadas en ambiente virtual, grabadas y transcritas integralmente. Los relatos pasaron por un análisis de contenido en la modalidad temática. Los resultados indicaron que la conducción de la IESC y del Coapes fue exitosa. La sostenibilidad y los éxitos de la contractualización están relacionados con estrategias tales como la aproximación, el diálogo institucional, la igualdad de valor y transparencia, provenientes de discusiones técnicas, comprensión del proceso, elección del formato, sensibilización y compromiso de los actores. La combinación de esos elementos, aliada a nuevos proyectos y actitudes, señala caminos para la consolidación de la IESC en el territorio que presenta desafíos que hay que superar.(AU)
To comprehend the evolution of education-service-community integration (ESCI) in the municipality of Bragança Paulista, SP, through the Teaching-Health Public Action Organizational Contract (Coapes), a case study was conducted. An intentional sample of ten members from the Local Management Committee participated in semi-structured interviews, conducted virtually, recorded, and transcribed in full. The narratives underwent thematic content analysis. The results indicated that the implementation of IESC and Coapes was successful. The sustainability and achievements in contractualization are related to strategies such as approaching, institutional dialogue, equal value, and transparency, resulting from technical discussions, understanding of the process, format selection, sensitization, and actor engagement. The combination of these elements, along with new projects and attitudes, points towards the consolidation of IESC in the territory, which presents challenges to be overcome.(AU)
Résumé
Há uma demanda de formação de profissionais para atuação nos contextos de saúde indígena e cresce o protagonismo indígena nos diversos campos de saber para tratar de suas próprias questões sociopolíticas. O presente artigo traz uma análise documental com abordagem qualitativa e análise temática de conteúdo. Os documentos analisados foram narrativas redigidas por participantes do curso Introdução à Saúde dos Povos Indígenas, ofertado por uma universidade, com participação de indígenas e não indígenas, lideranças, trabalhadores e estudantes da saúde de diversas regiões do Brasil. Analisaram-se três categorias de experiências: presença e protagonismo indígena na experiência do curso; aprendizagens no encontro de diversidades com metodologias ativas de ensino-aprendizagem; formação para o trabalho na saúde indígena. Percebeu-se que a utilização de metodologias ativas possibilitou um curso participativo, com valorização da presença e do protagonismo indígenas. Apresentou-se de forma inovadora ao ofertar espaços de construção de conhecimentos e de formação profissional de forma acessível, no modelo remoto, com valorização dos diferentes conhecimentos e trajetórias dos participantes.
There is a demand for training professionals to work in indigenous health contexts and indigenous protagonism is growing in different fields of knowledge to address their own sociopolitical issues. This article presents a documentary analysis with a qualitative approach and thematic content analysis. The documents analyzed were narratives written by participants in the Introduction to the Health of Indigenous Peoples course, offered by a university, with the participation of indigenous and non indigenous people, leaders, health workers and students from different regions of Brazil. Three categories of experiences were analyzed: indigenous presence and protagonism in the course experience; learning in the encounter of diversities with active teaching-learning methodologies; training for work in indigenous health. It was noticed that the use of active methodologies enabled a participatory course, valuing indigenous presence and protagonism. It presented an innovative way by offering spaces for knowledge construction and professional training in an accessible way, in a remote model, valuing the different knowledge and trajectories of the participants.
Résumé
RESUMO Introdução: Em 2020, o mundo foi afetado pelo novo coronavírus, e isso gerou mudanças históricas em diversos setores, incluindo o da educação, que teve que se adaptar rapidamente ao formato online. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo comparar se houve uma melhor adaptação ao ensino remoto durante a pandemia de Covid-19 dos acadêmicos de Medicina que estudam em currículos PBL quando comparada a de alunos com currículos em modelo disciplinar expositivo. Método: Trata-se de um estudo transversal. Foram incluídos na pesquisa os estudantes matriculados do segundo ao quarto ano do curso de Medicina que tenham preenchido o questionário completamente e cursado pelo menos um semestre de ensino remoto durante o ano de 2020. Resultado: Houve uma diferença significativa entre as metodologias, com maior adaptação dos estudantes que utilizaram o modelo PBL em comparação aos que cursaram no modelo disciplinar expositivo durante a pandemia de Covid-19. Conclusão: Na amostra estudada, o método PBL mostrou-se superior ao método disciplinar, nos quesitos avaliados, na adaptação de estudantes de Medicina ao ensino remoto.
ABSTRACT Introduction: In 2020, the new coronavirus pandemic affected the whole world, causing historic changes in several sectors, including education, in which students were forced to quickly adapt to online learning. Objective: This study aimed to compare medical students' adaptation to remote learning during the COVID-19 pandemic depending on whether they were following a PBL curriculum or a curriculum based on an expository disciplinary model. Method: This was a cross-sectional study. The sample was composed of students enrolled in the 2nd to 4th year of the Medicine course who had fully completed the questionnaire and attended at least one semester of remote learning during 2020. Result: A significant difference was found between the students' adaptation to remote learning during the Covid-19 pandemic according to their study methodology; students using the PBL model showed better adaptation than those following an expository learning model. Conclusion: The study corroborated the results in the existing literature on the subject, which defends PBL as a better alternative for online learning.
Résumé
ABSTRACT Introduction: Traditional teaching, a lecturer-centered approach, has been the default methodology in medical schools. In the last decades, there has been a shift in health education towards methods that encourage the student's active participation. It has been proved that active methodologies increase engagement, and this was particularly necessary during the COVID-19 pandemic, when active methodologies were crucial to raise student participation in online classes. Objective: This study aimed to measure student satisfaction and participation in online classes utilizing active learning methods during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: We gathered data from anonymous surveys completed by fourth-year medical students during 18 months of online classes of pediatrics at a public medical school in Brazil. Classes were taught using flipped classroom and case-based learning methodology. Results: One hundred and twenty-one students took part in this survey. Satisfaction level with case-based learning classes in the discipline was high (53% very satisfied; 39% satisfied; 6% neutral; 2% unsatisfied). Most of the students (70%) answered that, in general, they prefer CBL to expositive classes (16% prefer expositive classes; 14% are neutral). Reading compliance was good: 81% read 75-100% of the texts, and 19% read 50-74% of them. Conclusion: The implementation of the active learning curriculum for the discipline of pediatrics demonstrated to be successful considering the participation of the students and their satisfaction level.
RESUMO Introdução: Metodologias de ensino tradicionais, baseadas em aulas expositivas, têm sido usadas como padrão nas escolas médicas. Nas últimas décadas, têm ocorrido mudanças na educação médica no sentido de adotar métodos que encorajem a participação ativa dos alunos. Foi provado que as metodologias ativas aumentam o engajamento e isso foi particularmente necessário durante a pandemia da COVID-19, quando as metodologias ativas foram cruciais para aumentar a participação dos estudantes nas aulas virtuais. Objetivo: Este estudo objetivou medir a satisfação e o nível de participação dos alunos com aulas virtuais baseadas em metodologias ativas durante a pandemia da COVID-19. Método: Foram compilados dados de pesquisa anônima respondida por estudantes brasileiros do quarto ano de Medicina de uma universidade pública federal que cursaram a disciplina de pediatria durante um período de 18 meses. As metodologias usadas foram sala de aula invertida e aprendizado baseado em casos clínicos. Resultado: Participaram desta pesquisa 121 estudantes. O nível de satisfação com a metodologia foi alto (53% = muito satisfeito; 39% = satisfeito; 6% = indiferente; 2% = insatisfeito). A maioria dos alunos (70%) respondeu preferir ter aulas com as metodologias ativas empregadas, em comparação com aulas expositivas (16% preferem aulas expositivas; 14% são indiferentes). A adesão à leitura dos textos (sala de aula invertida) foi boa: 81% dos alunos leram entre 75% e 100% dos textos, e 19% leram entre 50% e 74% dos textos disponibilizados. Conclusão: A implementação de metodologias ativas na disciplina demonstrou ter sido bem-sucedida, considerando a participação e o nível de satisfação dos alunos.
Résumé
Objetivo: evaluar el efecto preliminar del Aprendizaje Basado en Problemas en habilidades de Gestión del Cuidado. Método: cuasiexperimental pretest-postest, con alumnos de la carrera de Licenciatura en Enfermería de una institución educativa. Muestra de 29 alumnos (Grupo Experimental) y 74 (Grupo Control). El Grupo Experimental solucionó cuatro escenarios bajo el método de Aprendizaje Basado en Problemas con los 7 pasos propuestos por la Universidad de McMaster, en un programa de Gestión del Cuidado en modalidad a distancia. El instrumento autoinformado evaluó las habilidades de Gestión del Cuidado pretesty postesten ambos grupos. Se obtuvieron valores medios y se realizó estadística descriptiva e inferencial (t de Student, t pareada, regresión lineal). Resultados: el Grupo Experimental obtuvo puntuaciones más elevadas en habilidades analíticas, de acción y globales que el Grupo Control (p<0,05). No se registraron diferencias en las habilidades interpersonales ni en el uso de la información. El Grupo Control no presentó diferencias significativas antes y después de la enseñanza habitual, mientras que en el Grupo Experimental sí se reportaron diferencias (p<0,05). Conclusión: a pesar de que existe poca evidencia en el desarrollo de habilidades de Gestión del Cuidado en Enfermería, el presente estudio demuestra que el Aprendizaje Basado en Problemas es un método efectivo y significativo en educación a distancia.
Objective: to assess the preliminary effect of Problem-Based Learning on Care Management skills. Method: a quasi-experimental pre- and post-test conducted with students attending the Bachelor's Degree in Nursing offered by an educational institution. The sample was comprised by 29 (Experimental Group) and 74 (Control Group) students. The Experimental Group solved four scenarios under the Problem-Based Learning method with the 7 steps proposed by McMaster University, in a Care Management program in distance mode. The self-reporting instrument assessed the pre- and post-test Care Management skills in both groups. Mean values were obtained and descriptive and inferential statistics were performed (Student's t, paired t, linear regression). Results: the Experimental Group obtained higher scores in analytical, action-related and global skills than the Control Group (p<0.05). No differences were recorded in interpersonal skills or in use of the information. The Control presented no significant differences before and after usual teaching, whereas differences were in fact reported in the Experimental Group (p<0.05). Conclusion: despite the fact that there is little evidence on the development of Nursing Care Management skills, the current study shows that Problem-Based Learning is an effective and significant method in remote education.
Objetivo: avaliar o efeito preliminar da Aprendizagem Baseada em Problemas nas habilidades de Gestão do Cuidado. Método: pré e pós-teste quase experimental, realizado com alunos do curso de Bacharelado em Enfermagem de uma instituição de ensino. A amostra foi composta por 29 (Grupo Experimental) e 74 (Grupo Controle). O Grupo Experimental resolveu quatro cenários sob o método de Aprendizagem Baseada em Problemas com os 7 passos propostos pela McMaster University, em um programa de Gestão do Cuidado na modalidade à distância. O instrumento de autorrelato avaliou as habilidades de Gestão do Cuidado pré e pós-teste em ambos os grupos. Valores médios foram obtidos e estatísticas descritivas e inferenciais foram realizadas (t de Student, t pareado, regressão linear). Resultados: o Grupo Experimental obteve escores mais elevados em habilidades analíticas, de ação e globais do que o Grupo Controle (p<0,05). Não foram registradas diferenças nas habilidades interpessoais ou no uso da informação. O Grupo Controle não apresentou diferenças significativas antes e depois do ensino usual, enquanto as diferenças foram de fato relatadas no Grupo Experimental (p<0,05). Conclusão: apesar de haver poucas evidências sobre o desenvolvimento de habilidades de Gestão do Cuidado de Enfermagem, o presente estudo mostra que a Aprendizagem Baseada em Problemas é um método eficaz e significativo na educação à distância.
Sujets)
Humains , Élève infirmier , Universités , Apprentissage par problèmes/méthodes , Formation au diplôme infirmier (USA) , Évaluation des acquis scolaires , Essais contrôlés non randomisés comme sujetRésumé
Introducción: la pandemia de COVID-19 indujo un cambio en nuestro sistema de salud y de educación. Los programas formativos también tuvieron que adaptarse y exigieron un cambio rápido. Objetivos: describir una experiencia educativa de enseñanza virtual/híbrida en investigación clínica, entre docentes del Servicio de Clínica de un hospital universitario y estudiantes de Medicina de una institución privada, que participaron del Programa ESIN (EStudiantes en INvestigación). Metodología: los contenidos y las estrategias educativas incluyeron las clases teóricas audiograbadas o videograbadas (asincrónicas y autoadministradas), el aprendizaje basado en proyectos, los talleres prácticos (encuentros sincrónicos virtuales y grupales), mediante la adopción de modelos de aprendizaje como el aula invertida, y la tutoría individual entre docente-estudiante. Los datos se recopilaron mediante la observación en contextos académicos, y basándonos en elementos de encuestas anónimas de satisfacción, previo consentimiento informado de los participantes. Resultados: participaron 14 estudiantes, 6 durante el año 2021 y 8 durante 2022. Todas mujeres y estudiantes de medicina (50% de cuarto año, 35% de sexto año y 15% de quinto año). Las técnicas implementadas favorecieron la participación y promovieron el aprendizaje activo, basado en proyectos. Mencionaron aspectos positivos como el enfoque académico práctico, la disponibilidad del equipo docente para atender cualquier duda, el tiempo y el entusiasmo por enseñar y fomentar la participación. Los videos teóricos resultaron útiles como herramientas de repaso, y los encuentros grupales fueron especialmente valorados, si bien los encuentros individuales fueron destacados como ayuda y apoyo previo a los congresos científicos. En general, manifestaron que fue una experiencia enriquecedora que demostró que se puede lograr lo que se creía imposible. Todas participaron activamente de al menos un congreso científico, y el 50% resultó coautora de una publicación académica. Conclusión: los estudiantes asumieron compromisos y responsabilidades, e incorporaron competencias y habilidades en la implementación y en la difusión de los proyectos. Esta experiencia educativa facilitó que el tiempo de clase pudiera optimizarse para intercambio, discusión y dudas. Los recursos producidos, las actividades desarrolladas y los contenidos abordados quedan disponibles a nivel institución. (AU)
Introduction: the COVID-19 pandemic brought about a change in our health and education system. Training programs also had to adapt and required rapid change. Objectives: to describe an educational experience of virtual/hybrid teaching in clinical research between teachers of the Clinical Service of a university hospital and medical students of a private institution who participated in the ESIN Program (Students in Research). Methodology: the contents and educational strategies included audio or videotaped lectures (asynchronous and self-administered), project-based learning, practical workshops (virtual and group synchronous meetings) by adopting learning models such as the inverted classroom, and individual tutoring between teacher and student. We gathered the data through observation in academic contexts and based on elements of anonymous satisfaction surveys, with prior informed consent of participants. Results: fourteen students participated, six in 2021 and eight in 2022. All were women and medical students (50% fourth year, 35% sixth year, and 15% fifth year). The techniques implemented favored participation and promoted active, project-based learning. They mentioned positive aspects such as the practical academic approach, the availability of the teaching team for any doubts, the time and enthusiasm for teaching, and encouraging participation. The theory videos were a valuable review tool, and team meetings received high praise even if the one-on-one meetings received much attention as help and support before the scientific congresses. In general, they stated that it was an enriching experience that showed that you can achieve what you thought impossible. All of them actively participated in at least one scientific congress, and 50% were co-authors of an academic publication. Conclusion: the students assumed commitments and responsibilities and incorporated competencies and skills in project implementation and dissemination. This educational experience helped to optimize class time for exchange, discussion, and doubts. The resources produced, the activities developed, and the contents addressed are now available at the institutional level. (AU)
Sujets)
Humains , Mâle , Femelle , Recherche/enseignement et éducation , Étudiant médecine/psychologie , Enseignement à distance/méthodes , Enseignement médical/méthodes , Apprentissage , Satisfaction personnelle , Concept du soi , Protocoles cliniques , Enquêtes et questionnaires , Évaluation des acquis scolaires/méthodes , Rétroaction formative , COVID-19Résumé
Neste estudo, aborda-se a atuação de rezadeiras que adotam a educação popular como fundamento de sua prática em uma comunidade vulnerável com base na orientação metodológica de Holliday. Trata-se de um relato de experiência, de natureza qualitativa, que descreve as práticas populares de saúde, durante o mês de outubro de 2022. Os dados coletados resultam da observação direta e de diálogos durante visitas realizadas em um espaço de práticas populares de uma comunidade no município do Nordeste brasileiro, onde a rezadeira exerce suas ações de cuidado. Em face, os resultados são debatidos os caminhos para conhecer a educadora popular, o território, as práticas de cuidado e seus impactos na melhoria das condições de saúde, ancoradas em marcos teóricos da Política Nacional de Promoção da Saúde (PNaPS) e Política Nacional de Educação Popular em Saúde no âmbito do Sistema Único de Saúde (PNEPS-SUS), com contribuições teóricas baseadas na pedagogia dialógica de Paulo Freire. Em vista disso, a experiência permitiu um espaço de reflexão-crítica, diálogo com a educadora popular, e, sobretudo, um processo de compreensão do papel social das rezadeiras em uma comunidade vulnerável, como uma agente promotora de saúde, rompendo modelos hegemônicos de formação na saúde e de produção do cuidado.
This paper examines the performance of faith healers who have adopted popular education as a base to their practice in a vulnerable community, and it is based on Holliday's methodological orientation. That is a report of experience of qualitative aspect which describes popular health practices during October of 2022. The data found concerns to direct observation and dialogues that happened during some visits to a popular practice's spot in a community in the Northeast of Brazil where the healer conducts her care actions. Thus, the results present a debate about popular educator, territory, caregiving practices and their impacts to the improvement of health conditions, based on theoretical backgrounds such as The National Health Promotion Policy (PNaPS in Portuguese) and The National Policy of Popular Education in Health according to Brazil's national health system service (PNEPS-SUS in Portuguese) besides the contributions of Paulo Freire's dialogic pedagogy theory. Hence, this experience allowed us some critical reflection space, dialogue with the popular educator and specially a process of comprehension of healer's social roles in a vulnerable community as a health promotion agent which breaks up with hegemonic samples in health literacy and caregiving promotion.
Sujets)
Guérison par la foi , Promotion de la santé , Apprentissage par problèmesRésumé
El parto institucional es un proceso complejo, sobre todo desde la experiencia vivida de las madres de la zona rural de Perú. Objetivo. Develar las vivencias y expectativas de la mujer rural en el parto institucional en un hospital de Cajamarca. Metodología. Estudio con enfoque cualitativo con diseño fenomenológico. Se aplicó como técnica de recolección de datos la entrevista a profundidad, como instrumento se usó una guía de preguntas orientadoras relacionada con ¿cuáles son las vivencias y expectativas de la mujer rural frente al parto institucional en el Hospital Regional Docente de Cajamarca?, la cual ha permitido acercarse al fenómeno en estudio. Hallazgos. Se obtuvieron 5 discursos de puérperas que se atendieron el parto en este nosocomio, al momento de la recolección de datos. Los discursos fueron grabados y transcritos, procediendo a la elaboración de las unidades de significado con el respectivo análisis ideográfico y nomotético, dando origen a 52 unidades de significado, sintetizadas en 4 categorías, siendo: significado del parto para la mujer rural, necesidad de apoyo emocional y físico; el proceso del parto institucional y finalmente el nacimiento del bebé. A manera de cierre. Las vivencias y expectativas de las mujeres procedentes de la zona rural, revelan que se requiere un enfoque diferenciado en la atención de parto institucional.
Institutional childbirth is a complex process, especially from the lived experience of mothers in rural Peru. Objective. To reveal the experiences and expectations of rural women in institutional childbirth in a hospital in Cajamarca. Methodology. Qualitative study with phenomenological design. An in-depth interview was used as a data collection technique, and a guide of guiding questions related to the experiences and expectations of rural women regarding institutional childbirth in the Regional Teaching Hospital of Cajamarca was used as an instrument to approach the phenomenon under study. Findings. At the time of data collection, five speeches were obtained from puerperal women who attended childbirth in this hospital. The speeches were recorded and transcribed, proceeding to the elaboration of the units of meaning with the respective ideographic and nomothetic analysis, giving rise to 52 units of meaning, synthesized in 4 categories, being: meaning of childbirth for the rural woman, need for emotional and physical support; the process of institutional childbirth and finally the birth of the baby. By way of conclusion. The experiences and expectations of women from rural areas reveal the need for a differentiated approach to institutional childbirth care.
O parto institucional é um processo complexo, especialmente a partir da experiência vivida pelas mães na zona rural do Peru. Objetivo. Revelar as experiências e expectativas das mulheres rurais em relação ao parto institucional em um hospital de Cajamarca. Metodologia. Estudo qualitativo com desenho fenomenológico. Utilizou-se a entrevista em profundidade como técnica de coleta de dados, e um guia de perguntas orientadoras relacionadas às experiências e expectativas das mulheres rurais em relação ao parto institucional no Hospital Regional de Ensino de Cajamarca foi utilizado como instrumento, o que nos permitiu abordar o fenômeno em estudo. Resultados. No momento da coleta de dados, foram obtidos cinco discursos de mulheres no pós-parto que haviam dado à luz nesse hospital. Os discursos foram gravados e transcritos, procedendo-se à elaboração das unidades de significado com a respectiva análise ideográfica e nomotética, dando origem a 52 unidades de significado, sintetizadas em 4 categorias, sendo elas: significado do parto para a mulher rural, necessidade de apoio emocional e físico; o processo de parto institucional e, finalmente, o nascimento do bebê. À guisa de conclusão. As experiências e expectativas das mulheres das áreas rurais revelam a necessidade de uma abordagem diferenciada para a assistência ao parto institucional.
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PROPÓSITO DEL ESTUDIO: Conocer la experiencia de estudiantes de primer año de la carrera de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile con respecto a tutorías virtuales de ABP realizadas por tutores pares, durante el segundo semestre del 2021. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: Investigación cuantitativa y cualitativa, transversal, descriptiva. Muestra no probabilística, conformada por 45 estudiantes de medicina que participaron en ABP virtual con tutores/as pares. Recolección de datos mediante encuesta de opinión anónima y voluntaria (Google Forms), compuesta por 2 ámbitos: metodología y rol del tutor/a, considerando preguntas abiertas relacionadas con aspectos facilitadores y obstaculizadores. Análisis de datos cuantitativo con programa Excel, utilizando estadística descriptiva con medidas de frecuencia. Los cualitativos con reducción progresiva. Estudio aprobado por Comité Ético Científico, Servicio de Salud Valdivia. Resultados: Existe un alto grado de satisfacción en los dos ámbitos. Tanto en los resultados cualitativos y cuantitativos los participantes valoran positivamente el desempeño del rol del tutor par, destacando: empatía, compromiso, confianza, facilitador, proporciona retroalimentación y buen ambiente de aprendizaje, permitiendo el aprender en forma colaborativa. A diferencia de lo cuantitativo en lo cualitativo se identifica con mayor frecuencia como factores obstaculizadores, la mala conexión a internet, excesiva carga curricular y desconocimiento de la metodología por parte del tutor. CONCLUSIONES: Si bien la preparación de tutores pares para el desarrollo de las tutorías de ABP es fundamental, más aún lo es para la implementación en modalidad virtual, ya que se enfrentan a otros desafíos como el manejo de plataformas y lograr una comunicación efectiva que permita aprender colaborativamente.
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: To know the experience of first-year medical students at Universidad Austral de Chile regarding virtual Problem-Based learning (PBL) tutorials carried out by peer tutors during the second semester of 2021. METHODS: Quantitative and qualitative research, transversal, descriptive. The non-probabilistic sample consisted of 45 medical students who participated in virtual PBL tutorials with peer tutors. Data collection through an anonymous and voluntary opinion survey comprised two areas: methodology and role of the tutor, considering open questions related to facilitating and hindering aspects. Quantitative data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics with frequency measurements. The qualitative ones with progressive reduction. Study approved by the Scientific Ethics Committee, Valdivia Health Service. RESULTS: There is a high degree of satisfaction in all three areas. Both in the qualitative and quantitative results, the participants positively value the performance of the peer tutor, highlighting empathy, commitment, trust, facilitation, feedback, and a good learning environment, allowing collaborative learning. Unlike the quantitative, the qualitative is more frequently identified as hindering factors, poor internet connection, excessive curricular load, and lack of knowledge about the methodology by the tutor. Conclusions: Although the preparation of peer tutors for PBL tutorials is essential, it is even more critical in virtual mode since they face challenges such as managing virtual platforms and achieving effective communication that allows learning collaboratively
Sujets)
Humains , Mâle , Femelle , Adulte , Jeune adulte , Groupe de pairs , Étudiant médecine/psychologie , Apprentissage par problèmes/méthodes , Enseignement médical premier cycle/méthodes , COVID-19/prévention et contrôle , Chili , Études transversales , Enquêtes et questionnaires , Recherche qualitative , PandémiesRésumé
Introducción: Las cualificaciones requeridas a un profesor tienen implicaciones en la vinculación laboral, el desarrollo profesoral y la calidad de la formación del recurso humano en salud. Objetivo: Determinar la experticia de un profesor y si existe evidencia empírica de que sus antecedentes en Aprendizaje Basado en Problemas influyan en el aprendizaje de los estudiantes. Métodos: En esta revisión de alcance se buscaron artículos publicados en las bases de datos Medline, Scopus, PubMmed, Google Scholar, EBSCO y ScienceDirect. La búsqueda incluyó, inicialmente, artículos publicados entre 2015 y 2020; luego, se incluyeron los estudios citados en estos artículos para aumentar el número de la muestra. La evaluación fue realizada de manera independiente por dos investigadores. En total, 11 artículos cumplían con los criterios de inclusión. Se extrajeron y analizaron datos sobre las cualidades del profesor del ABP. Resultados: Los estudios que exploran las cualificaciones del docente del Aprendizaje Basado en Problemas son escasos y no existe un criterio unificado sobre la formación y la experiencia requeridas a ellos. Las evidencias empíricas encontradas son cuestionables y muestran vacíos en la comprensión de este problema, aunque sugieren como mejor opción a un profesor experto en medicina y pedagogía. Conclusiones: Estos hallazgos representan un serio defecto del Aprendizaje Basado en Problemas. Una posible solución es integrar la enseñanza de la pedagogía a los currículos médicos para contar con una mayor cantidad de profesores expertos tanto en medicina como en docencia(U)
Introduction: The qualifications required from a professor have implications for job placement, professional development and the quality of health human resource training. Objective: To determine a professor's expertise and whether there is empirical evidence that his or her background in problem-based learning (PBL) influences student learning. Methods: In this scoping review, published articles were searched for in the Medline, Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, EBSCO and ScienceDirect databases. The search initially included articles published between 2015 and 2020; then, studies cited in these articles were included to increase the sample number. The assessment was performed independently by two researchers. A sheer number of eleven articles met the inclusion criteria. Data about the qualities of the PBL professor were extracted and analyzed. Results: Studies exploring the qualifications of the PBL professor are scarce, while there is no unified criterion on the training and experience required from them. The empirical evidence found is questionable and shows gaps in the understanding of this problem, although it suggests a professor with expertise in medicine and pedagogy as the best option. Conclusions: These findings represent a serious shortcoming of PBL. A possible solution is to integrate the teaching of pedagogy into medical curricula in order to have a greater number of professors with expertise in both medicine and teaching(AU)
Sujets)
Humains , Enseignement/enseignement et éducation , Apprentissage par problèmes/méthodes , Corps enseignant/enseignement et éducation , Enseignement médicalRésumé
We verified the educational outcomes and effects of the practice of Problem-based learning (PBL) on the theme of Kampo medicine and the continuous academic support. From 2013 to 2021, we conducted Kampo PBL for second-year medical students, and compared the results of Kampo exams in the fourth year between Kampo PBL participants and non-participants. Moreover, the learning obtained through subsequent academic activities was extracted from their free-form text. Kampo PBL was performed for a total of 26 groups. Participants who underwent Kampo PBL (n = 72) scored significantly higher than those who did not (n = 734) (p<0.05). In addition, academic support resulted in 5 academic presentations in an academic conference and 3 articles published in academic journals. The lessons learned included “concretization of understanding of Kampo medicine,” “valuable experience in academic activities,” and “promoting motivation and its impact on the future.” Kampo PBL improved knowledge about Kampo medicine, and academic activities cultivated the research mind.
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Food enzymology and enzyme engineering is an important professional course of food science. The course includes the basic theory of enzymology, enzyme engineering technology and the application of enzymes in food industry. Considering the knowledge gap between the teaching contents and the cutting-edge researches, the team constantly adjusted and optimized the course contents to enable students to keep up with state-of-the-art progress by carefully mining the cutting-edge researches. Taking cutting-edge researches as the breakthrough point, we explored the problem-based learning (PBL) teaching model under the guidance of outcome-based education (OBE) concept, and highlighted the importance of the teacher-student and student-student interactions to improve students' enthusiasm and participation. A diversified assessment system was established to evaluate the performance of students in the learning process. The teaching reform consolidated the basic knowledge and expanded the academic frontiers, and fostered students' ability in analyzing problems, designing solutions and achieving team communication. The course may give new insights into the teaching reform of food enzymology and enzyme engineering and other related courses.
Sujets)
Humains , Étudiants , ApprentissageRésumé
As a clinical compulsory course, dermatovenereology is characterized by various diseases, complex etiology, and distinct morphological characteristics, and its teaching during the probation period is faced with many challenges. Based on today′s rich educational resources on the internet, and combined with rich clinical resources in large hospitals, the traditional teacher-led lecturing during the probation period needs to be changed, and the adoption of inquiry-based defensive teaching mode has obvious advantages over the traditional teacher-led teaching mode. In the inquiry-based defensive teaching mode, clinical teachers design a series of clinical questions based on clinical topics, then introduce network teaching videos to students to change classroom teaching into students′ after-class learning, induce students to actively explore issues, encourage them to work together in groups to excavate clinical resources, make presentations and organize defense. This teaching mode turns the traditional teacher-led probationary class into a student-led and teacher-assisted speculative defense session, thereby improving learning efficiency and quality, and promoting the cultivation of students′ core literacy and comprehensive ability. Undergraduates are the main target group of this teaching mode, and this mode can also be adopted in the teaching of postgraduates and resident doctors in the standardized training program for the organization of teaching activities and optimization of assessment modes.
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Objective:To evaluate the application effect of microlecture combined with PBL on the teaching of orthodontics.Methods:One hundred and forty undergraduates from Batch 2014 to Batch 2016 of School of Stomatology, Henan University were randomly divided into two groups, with 70 undergraduates in each group. Traditional teaching method was adopted in the control group, while microlecture combined with PBL was used in the observation group. The theoretical knowledge, clinical thinking and analysis ability, and operational skills were compared between the two groups. SPSS 18.0 was used to conduct t test and χ2 test. Results:The scores of basic knowledge [(83.67±5.73) points], case analysis [(82.64±5.54) points] and discussion and questions and answers [(81.57 ± 5.06) points] in the observation group were higher than those in the control group [(72.36±5.41) points, (70.41 ± 5.36) points, and (69.37±4.48) points, respectively], with statistically significant differences ( P < 0.05). The total excellent rate of clinical thinking and analysis ability and operational skills in the observation group were 94.29%(66/70) and 92.86%(65/70) respectively, which were higher than those in the control group [75.71%(53/70) and 74.29%(52/70)], with statistically significant differences ( P < 0.05). Conclusion:The application of microlecture combined with PBL has good effect on the teaching of orthodontics, which can improve the mastery of theoretical knowledge, clinical thinking and analysis ability and operational skills of students, and make them better apply theoretical knowledge in practical operation, thus improving comprehensive quality.
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Objective:To analyze the effect of problem-based learning (PBL) combined with case-based learning (CBL) and clinical pathway (CP) teaching methods in standardized residency training in department of hepatobiliary surgery.Methods:A total of 64 residents who received the standardized residency training in the Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery in Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital from July 2018 to July 2019 were selected and divided into the observation group and the control group. The control group used PBL + CBL teaching methods, while the observation group adopted PBL + CBL + CP teaching methods. The after-department examination scores and the teaching cognition scores of the two groups were compared. SPSS 15.0 was used for t-test and Chi-square test. Results:The after-department examination scores of the two groups were compared. Compared with the control group, the examination scores of professional theories, case analysis and operation skills in the observation group were significantly higher, and the difference was statistically significant ( t = 6.98, 7.85, 7.01, P < 0.05). In terms of recognition of teaching, the observation group was significantly higher than the control group, and the difference was statistically significant ( t = 9.14, P < 0.05). Conclusion:The PBL + CBL + CP teaching is conducive to the comprehensive and systematic mastery of knowledge and the rapid establishment of scientific clinical thinking. It has a strong scientific and systematic nature and is worthy of promotion.
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Objective:To explore the role and effect of problem-based learning (PBL)-based scenario simulation teaching in the standardized residency training in the department of critical care medicine.Methods:A total of 48 residents who received standardized residency training in the Department of Critical Care Medicine of the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from March 2019 to December 2019 were randomly divided into the experimental group and the control group, with 24 ones in each group. The experimental group used PBL-based scenario simulation teaching, while the control group adopted the traditional teaching. After the end of the teaching, the exam scores of the two groups were observed and compared. Then the questionnaire was used to analyze the differences of the results. SPSS 17.0 was used for t-test. Results:The scores of theoretical assessment (85.50±5.15) and skill assessment (82.38±5.64) in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group[(77.04±8.69) and (70.92±5.65)], and the differences were statistically significant ( P < 0.05). The experimental group was higher than the control group in improving learning interest and efficiency, improving clinical work ability, strengthening clinical thinking ability, improving teamwork ability, and improving doctor-patient communication ability, and the difference was statistically significant ( P < 0.05). Conclusion:The PBL-based scenario simulation teaching has more advantages over the traditional teaching and is worthy of promotion.
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To train homogeneous and excellent anesthesiologists who understand basic theory and clinical specialty, and response quickly and precisely to the emergency clinical condition. The Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University applied the integrated medical education mode combined with problem-based learning (PBL) to conduct the teaching of standardized residency training. We have always integrated relevant knowledge with "the alteration of pathophysiology" as the core, and standardized training teaching ideas with cases as the main line. A patient case bank has been set up based on the concept of integrated medical education, PBL training as the center, and the pathophysiological changes during anesthesia operation as the main line, which effectively achieves the goal of integrating theoretical knowledge with clinical practice. It is not only train high-quality anesthesiologists, but also improve their ability to find, analyze, and solve problems, so that the trainees form a habit of self-learning and continuous learning through the training.