Prevalencia de trastornos mentales comunes en indígenas de cinco departamentos de Paraguay

Introducción: los trastornos mentales comunes pueden tener un impacto significativo en la vida de los indígenas, pueden provocar discapacidad, disminución de la productividad y aumento de la mortalidad. Objetivo: determinar la prevalencia de trastornos mentales comunes en indígenas de cinco departamentos de Paraguay durante el 2022. Metodología: se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo de corte transversal en indígenas residentes en los departamentos de Alto Paraguay, Boquerón, Concepción, Caaguazú, Presidente Hayes de Paraguay. Para la recolección de datos se utilizó el Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20). Este instrumento constó de 20 preguntas de tipo sí/no correspondientes al mes anterior a la entrevista. Resultados: participaron del estudio 779, indígenas de entre 18 a 69 años de edad. El alfa de Cronbach fue de 0,89, la medida de Kaiser-Meyers-Olkin fue 0,88. El SRQ+ fue del 25,80 % (201), el 14,51 % (113) tuvo síntomas de depresión, el 16,17 % (126) tuvo síntomas de ansiedad, y el 12,58 % (98) tuvo síntomas de psicosis. Conclusión: se encontró una alta prevalencia de trastornos mentales comunes, de acuerdo al Self Reporting Questionnaire, siendo el más frecuente al psicosis. Estos hallazgos subrayan la necesidad de mejorar el acceso a los servicios de salud mental para los indígenas de Paraguay.

Introduction: common mental disorders can have a significant impact on the lives of indigenous people, leading to disability, decreased productivity, and increased mortality. Objective: to determine the prevalence of common mental disorders in indigenous people from five departments of Paraguay in 2022. Methods: a cross-sectional, descriptive observational study was conducted in indigenous people residing in the departments of Alto Paraguay, Boquerón, Concepción, Caaguazú, and Presidente Hayes, Paraguay. Data were collected using the Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20). This instrument consisted of 20 yes/no questions pertaining to the month prior to the interview. Results: a total of 779 indigenous people aged 18-69 years participated in the study. The Cronbach's alpha was 0.89, and the Kaiser-Meyers-Olkin measure was 0.88. The SRQ+ was 25.80 % (201), 14.51 % (113) had symptoms of depression, 16.17 % (126) had symptoms of anxiety, and 12.58 % (98) had symptoms of psychosis. Conclusion: a high prevalence of common mental disorders was found, according to the SRQ, with psychosis being the most common. These findings underscore the need to improve access to mental health services for indigenous people in Paraguay.

Translation, cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Short Screening Instrument for Psychological Problems in Enuresis for use in Brazil (SSIPPE-Br)

Abstract Objective: Enuresis is associated with attentional and emotional comorbidities in 20 to 30 % of cases. The Short Screening Instrument for Psychological Problems in Enuresis (SSIPPE) is a questionnaire that allows the initial screening of these comorbidities. This study aimed to translate, culturally adapt, and validate the SSIPPE for Brazilian children and adolescents (SSIPPE-Br). Methods: Six steps were performed for translation and cross-cultural adaptation: translation, synthesis of translations, back-translation, preparation of the pre-final version of the translated instrument, test of comprehensibility of the pre-final version of the tool, and elaboration of the instrument cross-culturally adapted for Brazil, named 13-itens version SSIPPE-Br. To validate the SSIPPE-Br, a cross-sectional study was carried out, in which the validated Brazilian version of the Child and Adolescent Behavior Inventory (CABI) was used. Results: Validation was performed on 127 children and adolescents with a mean age of 9.7 ± 2.8 years, 48 % male. The reliability was estimated using Cronbach's alpha, ranging from 0.86 to 0.89, indicating good internal consistency. The factorial analysis had a good agreement adjustment (KMO 0.755, Bartlett's test < 0.001) and explained 70.5 % of the data variability. In the reproducibility analysis, the Kappa coefficient ranged from 0.94 to 1, which can be considered almost perfect. A highly significant (p-value < 0.001) and direct correlation existed between the three SSIPPE-Br domains and all evaluated CABI domains. Conclusion: The SSIPPE-Br is a valid and reliable tool for emotional problems screening and ADHD symptoms in children and adolescents with enuresis whose first language is Brazilian Portuguese.

Concurrent validity of the assessment tool for a health promotion program in Primary Health Care via telephone: a multilevel analysis / Validade concorrente do instrumento de avaliação de um programa de promoção de saúde na Atenção Primária à Saúde por telefone: uma análise multinível

This study aims to verify the concurrent validity of the paper, and the telephone versions of the instrument used to evaluate the effectiveness of the Vida Ativa Melhorando a Saúde (VAMOS) Pro-gram participants. The VAMOS Program is a community-based intervention aiming at motivating people to adopt an active and healthy lifestyle. The study population was adults registered at the Basic Health Units in the state of Santa Catarina, and the sample for the validity test was two groups that concluded the program. To compare each variable provided by paper and telephone format, multi-level generalized linear and logistic models were carried out, adjusted by age, sex, and educational level. As a result, it was possible to identify the validity of most of the questions, with variations in the frequency of cooked vegetable consumption, method of preparing animal meat, frequency of physical activity, and waist circumference. We concluded that the use of the telephone survey could be considered for VAMOS Program effectiveness evaluation

Este estudo teve como objetivo verificar a validade concorrente das versões papel e ligação telefônica do ins-trumento utilizado para avaliar a efetividade do Programa Vida Ativa Melhorando a Saúde ( VAMOS). O Programa VAMOS é uma intervenção de base comunitária, com o objetivo de motivar as pessoas a adotarem um estilo de vida ativo e saudável. A população do estudo foi de adultos registrados nas Unidades Básicas de Saúde do estado de Santa Catarina, e a amostra para o teste de validade considerou dois grupos que concluí-ram o programa. Para comparar cada variável fornecida pelo formato papel e telefone, foram realizados mo-delos lineares e logísticos generalizados multiníveis, ajustados por idade, sexo e nível de escolaridade. Como resultado, foi possível identificar a validade da maioria das questões, com variações na frequência de consumo de hortaliças cozidas, modo de preparo da carne animal, frequência de atividade física e circunferência da cintura. Concluímos que o uso da coleta por telefone pode ser considerado para a avaliação da efetividade do Programa VAMOS.

Mejoría de la calidad de vida después de la reparación definitiva de la lesión de la vía biliar, evaluada con el cuestionario SF-36 / Improvement on quality of life after bile duct injury repair using the SF-36 Health Survey

RESUMEN Antecedentes: diferentes publicaciones han estudiado la fisiopatología de la lesión de la vía biliar (LVB), pero pocas han investigado los efectos psicosociales y de calidad de vida relacionados con su reparación. Objetivo: comparar la calidad de vida de pacientes antes y después de la reparación definitiva de una LVB. Material y métodos: se usó como instrumento para evaluar la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS) el cuestionario de salud SF-36 en una serie de pacientes operados entre diciembre de 2015 y junio de 2019 para la reparación de LVB. Resultados: sobre 48 casos de reparaciones de LVB, contestaron la encuesta 22 (46%). Se compararon los ítems del formulario SF 36: diferencia en la función física, el rol físico, el dolor corporal, la salud general, la vitalidad, la función social, el rol emocional, la salud mental y el ítem de transición de salud, y todos mostraron una mejoría estadísticamente significativa (p < 0,001) después de la reparación. En el análisis univariado se observó que la salud mental se vio afectada por la presencia de una lesión compleja (p = 0,019), el rol físico y el rol emocional antes de la reparación, y mostró relación con el tipo de lesión según Strasberg (p = 0,001 y p = 0,032). Aquellos que asociaron lesión vascular presentaron una asociación negativa con la función física (p = 0,019), la vitalidad (p = 0,033), la salud mental (p = 0,005) y el dolor (p = 0,026) antes de la reparación. Conclusión: la resolución definitiva de la LVB en un centro especializado en patología hepatobiliopancreática mostró producir una significativa mejoría en la calidad de vida.

ABSTRACT Background: Different publications have examined the pathophysiology of bile duct injury (BDI), bur few studies have investigated the effects of BDIs and their subsequent repair on psychosocial and health-related quality of life Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the quality of life of patients before and after definitive BDI repair. Material and methods: The SF-36 Health Survey was used as an instrument to assess health-related quality of life (HRQL) in a series of patients operated on between December 2015 and June 2019 for BDI repair. Results: Of 48 patients who underwent BDI repair, 22 (46%) responded to the survey. The SF-36 items, which includes different domains (physical functioning, physical role functioning, bodily pain, general health, vitality, social functioning, emotional role functioning, mental health, and health transition) were compared. All domains demonstrated statistically significant improvement (p < 0.001) following repair. On univariate analysis, mental health was affected by the presence of a complex injury (p = 0.019), and physical and emotional role functioning before BDI repair were associated with the type of injury of the Strasberg classification (p = 0.001 and p = 0.032, respectively). An associated vascular injury had a negative correlation with physical functioning (p = 0.019), vitality (p = 0.033), mental health (p = 0.005), and pain (p = 0.026) prior to repair. Conclusion: The definitive resolution of BDIs at a center specialized in hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery resulted in a significant improvement of patients' quality of life.

Validación de cuestionarios para la medición de variables en salud: conceptos fundamentales / Validation of questionnaires for the measurement of health variables: Fundamental concepts

Dentro de la práctica clínica, así como en la salud poblacional, es habitual utilizar cuestionarios que permiten evaluar condiciones o variables que no son directamente observables. No obstante, la construcción y validación de estos instrumentos o cuestionarios suele ser poco conocida. El objetivo de esta revisión narrativa es sintetizar de manera general el proceso de construcción y validación de estos cuestionarios, para así tener una mejor comprensión de este proceso, de los aspectos que se evalúan y de la mejor forma de utilizarlos. La validación de cuestionarios corresponde a un proceso de análisis de este, cuya finalidad es medir una variable latente o constructo, así como sus dimensiones, las que no pueden ser observadas directamente. Una variable latente puede ser inferida a través de un conjunto de atributos específicos que forman parte de ella, como los ítems de un cuestionario y que sí son observables. En este artículo se abordan de manera teórica los conceptos fundamentales de validación de cuestionarios o test, variables latentes o constructos, estudio de la confiabilidad y de la validez, así como los factores que afectan a estas dos últimas características, a través de una revisión narrativa. En el texto, se presentan ejemplos sobre estos conceptos.

In clinical practice and population health, it is common to use questionnaires to assess conditions or variables that are not directly observable. However, the construction and validation of these instruments or questionnaires are often poorly understood. This narrative review aims to summarize in a general way the process of construction and validation of these questionnaires in order to have a better understanding of this process, the aspects that are evaluated, and the best way to use them. The validation of questionnaires corresponds to a process of analysis of the questionnaire, aiming to measure a latent variable and its dimensions, which cannot be observed directly. A latent variable can be inferred through a set of specific attributes that are part of it, such as the items of a questionnaire, which are observable. Through a narrative review, this article addresses the fundamental concepts of questionnaire or test validation, latent variables or constructs, reliability and validity studies, and the factors that theoretically affect the latter two characteristics. Examples of these concepts are presented in the text.

Asociación entre la depresión y variables sociodemográficas en el adulto mayor en el Perú / Association between Depression and Sociodemographic Variables in the Elderly in Peru / Associação entre depressão e variáveis sociodemográficas em idosos no Peru

en el artículo se analizan la depresión, variables sociodemográficas y su asociación entre ellas en adultos mayores en el Perú. Materiales y métodos: se usó un estudio transversal, descriptivo y correlacional a una submuestra de 5247 adultos mayores. Se emplearon los datos generados por la Encuesta Demográfica y de Salud (endes) del 2019, utilizando el instrumento de investigación: Patient Healtth Questionnarie (phq-9) de nueve preguntas y las variables sociodemográficas, incluidas en los cuestionarios de salud, características del hogar y la vivienda, de la endes 2019. Para el estudio estadístico se usó el modelo de regresión logística múltiple,para establecer si existía asociación entre depresión y variables sociode-mográficas. Resultados: los resultados señalan que el 15.3 % de las personas de 60 años a más presenta una depresión moderada, moderadamente severa y severa. Asimismo, se encontró que la depresión y las variables sociodemográficas (nivel de instrucción, diabetes, índice de riqueza, sexo y grupo etario) están relacionadas; sin embargo, no están relacionadas con las variables hábito de fumar, obesidad, tener pareja y lugar de residencia. Conclusiones: la depresión está relacionada con algunas variables sociodemográficas consideradas en este estudio. La depresión en adultos mayores se está convirtiendo en un significativo problema de salud pública, más frecuente en mujeres, edades avanzadas, áreas rurales, niveles socioe-conómicos bajos, menores niveles educativos, presión arterial, discapacidad y consumo problemático de alcohol; condiciones que deben tenerse en cuenta para la implementación de políticas públicas.

We analyzed depression, sociodemographic variables, and the association between them in older adults in Peru. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive, and correlational study was conducted, including 5,247 older adults. The data was extracted from the 2019 Demographic and Health Survey (endes) using the Patient Health Questionnaire (phq-9) of nine questions. The health questionnaires also included sociodemographic variables, household characteristics, and housing-related questions. A multiple logistic regression model was used to determine if there was an association between depression and sociodemographic variables. Results: Approximately 15.3% of older adults had a history of depression (moderate, moderately severe, and severe). We identified a relationship between depression and some sociodemographic variables (education level, diabetes, wealth index, sex, and age group). However, depres-sion was not related to smoking habits, obesity, having a partner, and place of residence. Conclusions: Depression was related to some of the sociodemographic variables considered in this study. Depression in older adults is becoming a significant public health problem, more frequent in women, advanced ages, rural areas, low socioeconomic levels, lower educational levels, blood pressure, disability, and problem-atic alcohol consumption. These conditions must be considered in the implementation of public policies

Introdução: no presente artigo analisa-se a depressão, variáveis sociodemográficas e a associação entre elas em idosos no Peru. Materiais e métodos: estudo transversal, descritivo e correlacional, com uma suba-mostra de 5247 idosos. Foram utilizados os dados gerados pela "Pesquisa Demográfica e de Saúde" (do espanhol endes) do ano de 2019, utilizando como instrumento de pesquisa o: Patient Health Questionnarie (phq-9) de nove questões e as variáveis sociodemográficas, incluídas nos questionários de saúde, domiciliar e características de moradia, do endes 2019. Para o estudo estatístico, foi utilizado o modelo de regres-são logística múltipla para verificar se havia associação entre depressão e variáveis sociodemográficas. Resultados: os resultados indicam que 15,3 por cento das pessoas com 60 anos ou mais apresentam um nível de depressão moderada, moderadamente grave e grave. Da mesma forma, verificou-se que a depressão e as variáveis sociodemográficas (escolaridade, diabetes, índice de riqueza, sexo e faixa etária) estão relacionadas; entretanto, não estão relacionados com as variáveis hábito de fumar, obesidade, ter companheiro e local de residência. Conclusões: a depressão está relacionada com algumas das variáveis sociodemográficas consideradas neste estudo. A depressão em idosos está se tornando um problema sig-nificativo de saúde pública, mais frequente em mulheres, idades avançadas, áreas rurais, níveis socioeco-nómicos baixos, níveis educacionais mais baixos, pressão arterial, deficiência e consumo problemático de álcool; condições que devem ser levadas em conta para a implementação de políticas públicas.

Telemedicine usability and satisfaction among pediatric rheumatology patients and their caregivers during COVID-19 pandemic

Background@#The 2019 coronavirus disease pandemic opened an opportunity to explore the role of telemedicine in pediatric rheumatology clinic as well as patient satisfaction with virtual visits.@*Objective@#To determine the usability and satisfaction rate of telemedicine among pediatric rheumatology patients and their caregivers.@*Method@#A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among patients and caregivers consulting via telemedicine at a pediatric rheumatology clinic of University of the Philippines – Philippine General Hospital (UP – PGH), a tertiary government hospital. Collected data included socio-demographics and the validated Telehealth Usability Questionnaire (TUQ).@*Results@#There were 39 (55.7%) patients and 31 (44.3%) primary caregivers included in the study. Across all usability factors, the response of primary caregivers did not significantly differ from those of patients. The average scores across all questions for both patients and primary caregivers were 5.96±1.19 and 6.04±1.34, respectively. This showed a high level of agreement that they were highly satisfied with telemedicine experience. Among the different usability factors, questions related to usefulness obtained the highest mean score for both patients (6.11±1.17) and primary caregivers (6.12±1.38). While the lowest mean score was observed on questions related to reliability, 5.65±1.33 for patients and 5.89±1.31 for primary caregivers.@*Conclusion@#Pediatric rheumatology patients as well as their caregivers are generally highly satisfied with telemedicine during this time of pandemic. With high patient and caregiver satisfaction, telemedicine could be an option for ambulatory patient care even after pandemic.

Risk assessment of cadmium exposure of Shanghai residents based on different dietary exposure assessment methods / 上海预防医学

ObjectiveTo conduct comprehensive assessment of internal and external cadmium exposure and health risks for Shanghai residents. MethodsCadmium levels in food samples were calculated by employing two dietary exposure assessment methods， total diet study （TDS） and food frequency questionnaire （FFQ）， to estimate the daily dietary cadmium exposure of Shanghai residents. The provisional tolerable monthly intake （PTMI） of cadmium set by joint food and agriculture organization/WHO expert committee on food additives （JECFA） was applied to evaluate the health risk. Differences in dietary and urinary cadmium were compared by rank-sum test among different regions， age， gender， smoking status， and BMI groups， and the association between internal and external cadmium exposure was investigated by correlation analysis. ResultsThe mean value of urinary cadmium for 1 300 respondents was 0.542 μg·L-1. Urinary cadmium was higher in the population in central urban and urban-rural fringe areas than in the suburban area， higher in the older age group than in the younger age group， and higher in the smoking group than in the non-smoking group （all P<0.01）. The two assessment methods showed that the mean values of daily dietary cadmium exposure for Shanghai residents were 0.306 and 0.090 μg·kg-1， with 3.69% and 0.85% of Shanghai residents exceeding the PTMI， respectively. Correlation analyses showed that dietary exposure to cadmium based on the FFQ method was positively correlated with the urinary cadmium level when smoking status， age， gender， and BMI were adjusted. ConclusionDietary exposure to cadmium of Shanghai residents is mainly derived from vegetables， aquatic products， cereals and potatoes， and is overall at a low-risk level. Dietary exposure assessment based on FFQ and risk monitoring data can effectively estimate long-term cadmium exposure.

Development, Validation, and Reproducibility of a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) for Adult Population in Brunei Darussalam

@#Introduction: The dietary intake of adults in Brunei Darussalam has not been thoroughly investigated via the food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). This study aimed to establish, validate and test the reproducibility of an FFQ to determine and evaluate the adult dietary intake in Brunei Darussalam. Methods: Participants were divided into; (1) development phase (50 adults); (2) validation phase (100 adults); (3) reproducibility phase (subsample of 40 adults). 3-day dietary record (3DR) was used in development phase to gather food items consumed. 2-day dietary record(2DR) was used as a reference method in validation. Nutrients analyze were energy, macronutrients, calcium, and vitamins A and C. Validation analysis were spearman correlation, mean difference, Bland-Altman plot, cohen’s kappa and cross-classification analyses. Reliability analyses were intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC), Cronbach’s alpha and cross classification to compare repeat FFQ administered with 1 to 3 months interval. Results: The FFQ consisted 138 food items from 12 food groups. In validation, mean difference between FFQ and 2DR exceeded 10%, spearman correlation were significantly strong (r=0.994 to r=0.107). Cross-classification demonstrated > 50% of nutrients were correctly and adjacently classified, Bland-Altman plots were relatively consistent for the two methods. Cohen’s kappa ranged from 0.081 to 0.040, demonstrating weak agreement. In reproducibility, ICC outcomes for FFQ1(0.463) and FFQ2(0.978), Cronbach’s alpha was > 0.8, and > 95% of the nutrients were correctly or adjacently classified. Conclusion: The FFQ designed in this study was valid due to the consistency with the dietary records; hence, a reliable tool to predict the dietary intake of Brunei Darussalam adults.

Ascertainment of Nutrition Care Process (NCP)Implementation and Use of NCP Terminologies (NCPT) among Hospital Dietitians in the Philippines

Background and Objective@#The Nutrition Care Process (NCP) is a systematic method used by dietitians to provide high-quality nutrition care resulting in good patient outcomes. This study aimed to assess the NCP implementation and use of NCP Terminologies (NCPT) among hospital dietitians in the Philippines. Specifically, the study aimed at assessing the knowledge, perception, and practices on NCP and use of NCPT and correlate them with the dietitians' education, and professional and employment profile; and explain the barriers and facilitators of the practice of NCP and use of NCPT among hospital dietitians in the Philippines. @*Methods@#The knowledge, perception, and practices (KPP) on NCP and NCPT of the dietitians employed in the Philippine Department of Health’s licensed level 3 hospitals were determined using a validated questionnaire. Significant factors associated with the KPP were also determined. The barriers and facilitators of the practice of NCP and NCPT were determined using focus group discussion and key informant interviews of chief clinical dietitians and hospital administrators, respectively. @*Results@#The study revealed that majority of the participants had a high level of knowledge on NCP and NCPT, positively perceived its implementation, and more than half of them implement NCP and NCPT in the hospitals. The participants’ knowledge on NCP and NCPT was significantly associated with research involvement and active membership in a professional organization. While the practice of NCP and NCPT was significantly associated with having NCP-related trainings, frequency of trainings, and active membership in a professional organization. The barriers to NCP implementation were insufficient resources; lack of orientation, trainings, and support; organizational and administrative constraints; pandemic constraints; insufficient time; and lack of confidence to conduct NCP. While the facilitators of implementation were collaboration, dedication, and commitment of the healthcare team; institutionalization of NCP laws and policies; budget allocation for NCP-related activities; monitoring and consistency of NCP implementation; and work schedule. @*Conclusion@#The findings suggest that the implementation of NCP and NCPT in the Philippines needs further support from the institution, professional organizations, and policy makers by developing strategies to cope with the barriers, and strengthen the facilitators and factors associated with practice.

Investigation of Anisakis infections in coastal marine fishes and awareness of anisakiasis control knowledge among residents in Yantai City in 2021 / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To investigate the prevalence of Anisakis infections in coastal marine fishes and awareness of anisakiasis control knowledge among local residents in Yantai City, Shandong Province in 2021, so as to provide insights into formulation of anisakiasis control interventions. Methods Marine fishes were purchased from Shunxin Port, Yantai City, Shandong Province in November 2021, and the presence of Anisakis was detected in different species of fishes and different fish sites. The correlations between body length and weight of marine fish and intensity of Anisakis infections were examined using Spearman’s rank correlation analysis, and the dietary habits and anisakiasis control knowledge were investigated using questionnaire surveys among local residents. Results A total of 201 marine fishes belonging to 20 species were dissected, and Anisakis was detected in 77 marine fishes (38.31%) belonging to 11 species (55.00%), with a mean infection intensity of 45.04 parasites per fish (3 468/77). Spearman’s rank correlation analysis revealed that the body length (rs = 0.74, P < 0.05) and weight (rs = 0.79, P < 0.01) of the monkfish correlated positively with the intensity of Anisakis infections, and the body length (rs = 0.68, P < 0.05) of the flatfish correlated positively with the intensity of Anisakis infections, while no correlations were examined between the body length or weight of other marine fishes and the intensity of Anisakis infections. Of all respondents, 53.38% men and 56.67% women did not know anisakiasis control knowledge at all, and there was a significant difference in the proportion of respondents using separate chopping boards for raw and cooked food from different villages (χ2 = 17.89, P < 0.01), while there was an age-specific proportion of respondents with habitats of eating raw or semi-raw seafood (χ2 = 28.27, P < 0.01). Conclusions The prevalence and intensity of Anisakis infections were high in coastal marine fishes in Yantai City in 2021, and the awareness of anisakiasis control knowledge was low among local residents. Intensified health education pertaining to anisakiasis control knowledge is recommended to reduce the risk of Anisakis infections.

Development status among infants at ages of 0 to 36 months in Xiaoshan District / 预防医学

Objective@#To learn the status and influencing factors of development among infants at ages of 0 to 36 months in Xiaoshan District, Hangzhou City, so as to provide the reference for promoting healthy development of infants.@*Methods@#Infants at ages of 0-36 months who underwent physical examination in Child Health Clinic of Xiaoshan District Community Health Service Center were selected in 2022. General data of infants and their mothers were collected through questionnaires, and the development status of infants was screened by Age and Stages Questionnaire (third edition). Factors affecting the development status were identified using a multivariable logistic regression model.@*Results@#A total of 2 519 infants were investigated, including 1 339 males (53.16%) and 1 180 females (46.84%). There were 608 infants with abnormal development of at least one functional area of communication (CM), gross motor (GM), fine motor (FM), problems solving (CG) and personal-social (PS). The abnormal rate was 24.14%, and the abnormal rates of the above functional areas were 9.77%, 6.59%, 7.98%, 6.39% and 9.33%, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that gender (male, OR=1.563, 95%CI: 1.191-2.052), mother's childbearing age (≥35 years, OR=1.411, 95%CI: 1.001-1.988), mother's educational level (lower than junior college, OR=1.460, 95%CI: 1.116-1.912) were factors affecting abnormal development of CM; preterm birth (OR=2.323, 95%CI: 1.315-4.103) was factors affecting abnormal development of GM; gender (male, OR=1.654, 95%CI: 1.225-2.232) was factors affecting abnormal development of FM; gender (male, OR=1.511, 95%CI: 1.086-2.102) and mode of delivery (cesarean section, OR=1.460, 95%CI: 1.060-2.010) were factors affecting abnormal development of CG; gender (male, OR=1.340, 95%CI: 1.019-1.763) and birth weight (low birth weight, OR=1.985, 95%CI: 1.149-3.432) were factors affecting abnormal development of PS.@*Conclusions@#The rate of abnormal development among infants at ages of 0 to 36 months in Xiaoshan District is 24.14%. Gender, preterm birth, mode of delivery, birth weight, mother's childbearing age and mother's educational level could affect the development status of infants.

Clinical efficacy study of transvaginal ischia spinous fascia fixation in the treatment of pelvic organ prolapse / 安徽医科大学学报

Objective @#To explore the safety and effectiveness of transvaginal ischia spinous fascia fixation for pelvic organ prolapse.@*Methods @#The retrospective analysis of 124 patients who underwent surgical treatment for stage III - IV pelvic organ prolapse was conducted. Among them , 53 cases of transvaginal ischia spinous fascia fixation (IS⁃ FF) were performed as a study group (ISFF group) while 71 cases of transvaginal sacrospinous ligament fixation (SSLF) were performed as a control group (SSLF group) . The operation time , postoperative hospitalization days , preoperative and postoperative hemoglobin values , indwelling urinary catheter time , postoperative pain scores , and the occurrence of complications were compared between the two groups , and the efficacy of the operation was objectively evaluated by using the staging method of pelvic organ prolapse (POP⁃Q) . Also the scores of the pelvic floor impact questionnaire⁃7 (PFIQ⁃7) , the pelvic floor dysfunction questionnaire⁃20 (PFDI⁃20) , and the questionnaire of quality of life 12 (PISQ⁃12) were used to evaluate the patients ′ postoperative quality of life.@*Results @#The operation time and postoperative hospitalization days of patients in the ISFF group were less than those in the SSLF group , and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0. 05) . The preoperative and postoperative hemoglobin values , retention time of urinary catheter, postoperative pain scores , and hospitalization costs of patients in the two groups were compared , and the differences were not statistically significant. At the 3 ⁃month postoperative outpatient follow⁃up , the objective success rate was 100% in two groups. The median follow⁃up time of patients in both groups was 24 months ( 12 - 41 months) , and there were 2 cases of recurrence in the ISFF group , with a recurrence rate of 3. 77% and a subjective success rate of 96. 23% . While there were 3 cases of recurrence in the SSLF group and 2 cases of loss of visit , with a recurrence rate of 4. 34% and a subjective success rate of 95. 65% . 1 patient in the SSLF group presented with a pelvic hematoma with a diameter of about 5 cm after surgery. The hematoma disappeared after hemostasis and other symptomatic treatment. There was no organ injury or blood transfusion in both groups.@*Conclusion @#Transvaginal ischia spinous fascia fixation is a safe and effective treatment for pelvic organ prolapse , and it has the advantages of short operation time , fast postoperative recovery , fewer complications , and improvement of patients ′ quality of life.

Prevalence of depression and its factors among elderly population in Barangay Cabangahan, Consolacion, Cebu

@#<strong>BACKGROUND</strong><p style="text-align: justify;" data-mce-style="text-align: justify;">Depression is a widespread mental disorder that affects 3.8% of the global population, with a total prevalence rate of 5.7% in the age group of 60 and older. Symptoms include feelings of guilt, hopelessness, and thoughts of dying or suicide. The Philippines has a high mental health issue among its older adults, with 7.5 million accounting for 7.5% of the population. The country ranks third in the Western Pacific Region, with 6 million Filipinos suffering from depression and anxiety.</p><strong>OBJECTIVE</strong><p style="text-align: justify;" data-mce-style="text-align: justify;">This study aimed to determine the prevalence of depression and its associated factors among the elderly group ages 60 and older in Barangay Cabangahan, Consolacion, Cebu.</p><strong>METHOD</strong><p style="text-align: justify;" data-mce-style="text-align: justify;">This study used a cross-sectional research design. Respondents were randomly selected through convenient sampling through house-to-house visitation and face-to-face interviews. Assessment tools were distributed assessing the demographic profile, Family APGAR, and Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9). The depression scale was adapted to determine the prevalence of depression among the elderly. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data, which displayed the frequency distribution and percentage of the respondents’ demographic profile, family function, and prevalence of depression. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to determine the association of the demographic profile and family function with the prevalence of depression.</p><strong>RESULTS</strong><p style="text-align: justify;" data-mce-style="text-align: justify;">The demographic profile of the elderly group is mostly women, comprising 93 (80.87%) of the population; 53 (46.09%) belong to the young-old age group (aged 60–65), and 65 (56.53%) are married. The majority are elementary school graduates, 72 (62.61%); their source of financial support is their children, 42 (35.5%), and employment is 35 (30.43%). Most live together with their immediate family, 106 (92.17%). This study identified 60 (52.17%) of the 115 respondents as having a highly functional family. Only 35.65% (41) of the respondents had mild depression, while 54 (46.09%) reported no or minimal depression. Among the demographic profiles, living alone, having more than one comorbidity, and taking more than one medication may lead to depression among the elderly, with r-values of .191,213 and.222, respectively. The study indicates a significant relationship between family function and the prevalence of depression in the elderly, with a p-value of 0.022 and a weak negative correlation with an r-value of -.214.</p><strong>SUMMARY/CONCLUSION</strong><p style="text-align: justify;" data-mce-style="text-align: justify;">The elderly population is predominantly women, with most being married and living with their immediate family. Highly functional families are evident, while the prevalence of depression is low, with only 35.65% experiencing mild symptoms. The study suggests improving the quality of life for the elderly through intervention programs, health education, and strong, cohesive community networks. Additional assessment instruments, such as the Geriatric Depression Scale, are recommended, as well as increasing the study’s sample size and geographic setting.</p>

Clinical efficacy of periodontal endoscopy-assisted subgingival scaling and root planning and its effect on psychology and quality of life in patients with periodontitis / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@#To investigate the clinical efficacy and effects of periodontal endoscope (PE)-assisted subgingival scaling and root planning (SRP) and traditional SRP on the psychological and quality of life of patients with periodontitis.@*Methods@#This study was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee, and informed consent was obtained from the patients. Patients with periodontitis who were treated in the Department of Periodontology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University from April 2018 to December 2022 with residual periodontal pockets (PD ≥ 5 mm) 6 weeks after traditional SRP treatment were enrolled, and the residual periodontal pockets were further treated with PE-assisted SRP (PE+SRP). After 6 weeks of traditional SRP treatment and 3 months of PE+SRP treatment, clinical indicators, including plaque index (PLI), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL) and bleeding on probing (BOP), were measured, and periodontal tissue self-awareness scale scores, oral health impact profile-14 (OHIP-14) score and dental fear scale (DFS) score were collected. Moreover, visual analog scale (VAS) scores were collected after traditional SRP and PE-assisted SRP treatments.@*Results@#Twenty-three patients with periodontitis, including 832 sites of 486 affected teeth, were included in the clinical study. Three months after PE+SRP treatment, all clinical periodontal indicators, PLI (t = 9.254, P<0.001), PD (t = 50.724, P<0.001), CAL (t = 22.407, P<0.001) and BOP (t = 9.217, P<0.001), were significantly improved. Compared with traditional SRP (VAS: 2.48 ± 1.70), the pain caused by PE+SRP (VAS: 2.57±1.80) was not significantly different (t = 0,192, P = 0.850). There was no significant difference in the scores of the periodontal tissue self-awareness scale between the two groups (t = 1.485, P = 0.152). The OHIP-14 (SRP: 12.13±7.63; PE+SRP: 10.26 ± 5.25, t = -1.589, P = 0.126) and DFS (SRP: 40.70 ± 12.63; SRP+PE: 41.57 ± 12.61, t = 0.404, P = 0.690) scores were not significantly different.@*Conclusion@#All clinical periodontal indicators were significantly improved after PE-assisted SRP treatment of residual periodontal pockets, and compared with traditional SRP, PE-assisted SRP had no negative impact on the quality of life or psychological status of patients with periodontitis. Therefore, PE+SRP can be promoted in clinical practice.

Investigation of patients’preferences regarding therapeutic drug monitoring of mycophenolic acid in solid organ transplantation / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To investigate the preferences of patients who underwent solid organ transplantation regarding therapeutic drug monitoring （TDM） of mycophenolic acid （MPA） and explore the factors influencing patients’ decision-making process， so as to provide support for the development of individualized medication guidelines for MPA and improvement of clinical decision-making. METHODS The cross-sectional study was used to design the questionnaire on the patients’ preferences to accept MPA TDM， and involved patients who underwent solid organ transplantation and received MPA treatment at two tertiary hospitals in Beijing from April 14， 2022， to June 27， 2022. The Likert 5-level scoring method was used to score the patients’ preferences to accept MPA TDM， the influencing factors and their correlation of the patients’ preferences to accept MPA TDM were analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis and binary Logistic regression analysis， and the nonparametric test and chi-square test were used to rank and analyze the consistency of the factors affecting patients’ preference decision. RESULTS A total of 140 questionnaires were collected， and the effective recovery rate was 77.35%. The average preference score of 140 patients to receive MPA TDM was （4.01±0.65）， and the overall preference value was high. There were 116 （82.86%） patients agreed or strongly agreed with MPA TDM. Significant differences were observed in preference scores between patients who had previously undergone MPA TDM and those who had never undergone it （[ 4.30±0.53） scores vs. （3.80±0.65） scores， P＜0.001]. Additionally， patients’ preference scores were significantly influenced by their understanding level and attention level （P＜0.001）. The ranking of factors contributing to decision-making exhibited consistency （P＜0.001）. The factors were ranked in descending order of clinical efficacy， safety， comfortability， economy and time cost. CONCLUSIONS The patients who underwent solid organ transplantation hold high preferences towards MPA TDM. The primary factors influencing their decisions are their prior experience， understanding level， and attention level.

Investigation of the current situation of pharmaceutical clinics in medical institutions in China / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To investigate the current situation of pharmaceutical clinic service in medical institutions in China and provide experience and suggestions for promoting the development of pharmaceutical clinics. METHODS Questionnaire survey was used to investigate the development of pharmaceutical clinics in medical institutions of 31 provinces （autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government） in March to April 2023， and the descriptive analysis was conducted. The regression analysis was carried out for the influential factors of pharmaceutical clinic service. RESULTS A total of 1 368 questionnaires were distributed in this survey and 1 304 valid questionnaires were collected with the effective response rate of 95.32%. A total of 463 medical institutions carried out pharmaceutical clinic service， the rate of which was 35.51% （463/1 304）； the rates of pharmaceutical clinics in tertiary， secondary， primary and other medical institutions were 52.80%， 17.18% and 5.88%， respectively. The frequency of opening pharmaceutical clinics was 3.17 days per week on average， with an average of 5.99 visiting pharmacists in each medical institution. Among the visiting pharmacists， clinical pharmacists accounted for the vast majority （88.68%， 2 459/2 773）. There were various categories of pharmaceutical clinics， including joint clinics and pharmacist-independent clinics； among pharmacist-independent clinics， pharmaceutical specialty/specialty disease clinics were the main ones， accounting for 89.72% of the total number of pharmaceutical clinics. The value of pharmacists in pharmaceutical clinics was manifested in various forms， among which the proportion of medical institutions charging pharmaceutical clinics was 10.80%. The main experiences in developing pharmaceutical clinics were to attach importance to discipline construction and personnel training. The main difficulties in developing pharmaceutical clinics were low compensation levels and a shortage of talent.The number of clinical pharmacists， the number of visiting pharmacists in pharmaceutical clinics and additional compensation were positively correlated with the amount of pharmaceutical clinic services（P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS In recent years， pharmaceutical clinics have made significant progress； in the future， it is still necessary to further strengthen discipline construction and talent cultivation， pay attention to the value embodiment of pharmacists， to promote the healthy development of pharmaceutical clinics.

Development and preliminary evaluation of patient perceptions on safety culture in a hospital setting scale

Objectives@#Majority of the existing patient safety culture tools are designed for healthcare workers. Despite the claims that this patient safety tools are patient-centered, limited attention was given to the patients’ perspectives and cultural considerations in the development. Local studies are not available in extant literature that capture patient perspectives on being safe during hospitalization. The goal of the study was to develop and provide preliminary psychometric analysis on a tool that measures patients’ perception of safety culture in a hospital setting.@*Methods@#The study was a quantitative methodological study. The instrument was developed in three phases, conceptualization and item generation through literature review, clinical observation, and focus group discussion, two rounds of expert panel review, and pilot testing. The tool was tested on 122 eligible patients admitted in a tertiary hospital. Factor analysis of the items was done to determine the underlying factor under each item. Cronbach’s alpha was used to test the degree of internal consistency of the scale.@*Results@#The Patient Perceptions on Safety Culture in Hospital Setting Scale consists of 25 items. The analysis yielded four factors explaining a total of 69.23% of the variance in the data. Items were grouped in four dimensions: Hospital workforce (4 items), Hospital Environment (5 items), Heath Management and Care Delivery (7 items), and Information Exchange (9 items). Each factor registered a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.81, 0.78, 0.91, 0.94, respectively. The overall Cronbach’s alpha of the scale is 0.95.@*Conclusion@#The study offers preliminary evidence on the psychometric properties of a newly developed tool that measures patient perceptions on hospital safety culture. Subsequent studies on larger samples need to be conducted to determine the reliability and validity of the tool when applied to different population and contexts as well as determining valid cut-off points in scoring and interpretation.

Correlation between disease perception and partner support in erectile dysfunction patients / 现代泌尿外科杂志

【Objective】 To investigate the status quo of disease perception and partner support of erectile dysfunction (ED) patients, and to analyze their correlation. 【Methods】 With convenient sampling method, 220 ED patients in a first-class hospital in Taiyuan were surveyed with the short version of disease perception questionnaire (BIPQ) and partner support coping questionnaire (DCI). 【Results】 The BIPQ score was (41.90±7.33), and the DCI score was (116.79±20.37). Pearson correlation analysis showed that except life influence, treatment control and emotional influence, the mutual support dimension of partner support of ED patients was correlated with all dimensions of disease perception (r=-0.173, 0.151, -0.182, 0.163, 0.188,P<0.05).Except cognitive comprehension, the negative support dimension of partner support of ED patients was correlated with the dimensions and total score of disease perception (r=0.399, 0.185, -0.167, -0.306, 0.269, 0.445, 0.320, 0.357,P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 ED patients have negative disease perception, and their partners have better coping strategies. Medical staff may pay more attention to partner support so as to reduce patients’ negative perception of disease and promote recovery.

Investigation on the current status of medication education in medical institutions in China / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To investigate the development and current status of medication education in domestic medical institutions， aiming to provide reference and suggestions for better development of medication education. METHODS The online questionnaire survey was conducted in March 2023 to investigate the implementation of medication education in medical institutions at all levels nationwide； descriptive analysis and influencing factors analysis were conducted. RESULTS A total of 1 368 questionnaires were recycled， 1 304 of which were effective questionnaires， with the effective rate of 95.32%. The average rate of providing medication education was 73.62% in medical institutions nationwide， 76.05%， 67.68% and 73.76% respectively in Eastern， Central and Western regions， 87.11%， 60.57% and 46.32% respectively in tertiary， secondary and primary medical institutions. The commonest place and way of carrying out medication education were dispensing window and oral instructions， and both were more diverse in tertiary medical institutions， compared with second and primary medical institutions. The median annual service volume of medication education in medical institutions PUMCH-A- at all levels was 500 people； the higher the level of medical institutions， the larger the annual service volume of medication education （P＝0.023）. More than half of medical institutions didn’t have any form of compensation for medication education， which was mostly reflected in the workload of medical institutions with compensation. Grade of medical institutions， degree of information and automation were the major influencing factors of carrying out medication education. CONCLUSIONS The ratio of carrying out medication education is improved in the central region in China in recent years， compared with 2019； while that of primary institutions in all regions is at a low level and should be improved. The place of carrying out medication education should be set according to the characteristics of medical institutions， and medication education forms should be enriched as much as possible. The quantity and quality of medication education talents still need to be improved. Compensation for pharmaceutical care should be continually explored and implemented to prompt high-quality and sustainable development of medication education.