Anthropometric Characteristics, Training Intensity Distribution, Physiological Profile and Performance of an Elite Trail Runner: A Longitudinal Case Study / Características Antropométricas, Distribución de la Intensidad del Entrenamiento, Perfil Fisiológico y Rendimiento de un Corredor de Montaña de Élite: Un Estudio de Caso Longitudinal

SUMMARY: Trail running (TR), an extreme endurance sport, presents unique challenges due to the variety of terrain and distances, where physiological capacity and body composition have been considered better predictors of performance. This longitudinal case study examines the impact of training intensity distribution (TID) on an elite trail runner's physiological profile and performance over four years. Two TID models were implemented: polarized (POL) and pyramidal (PYR). Physiological assessments included maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max), lactate thresholds (LT1 and LT2), and anthropometric characteristics. The training was classified according to the 3-zone intensity model (zone 1: below the first lactate threshold; zone 2: between the first and second lactate threshold; zone 3: above the second lactate threshold). During the four years, the average TID distribution was 75 % zone 1, 18 % zone 2, and 7 % zone 3. Physiological capacity increased by 7.14 % (14 to 15 km/h) for velocity at LT1 (vLT1) and 8.13 % (16 to 17.3 km/h) for velocity at LT2 (vLT2). The most significant increases were observed during the second year when the percentage of training time in zone 1 was lower (65 %) and in zone 2 greater (30 %) than those reported in other years. Consequently, vLT1 and vLT2 increased by 3.5 % (from 14.1 to 14.6 km/h) and 3.6 % (from 16.5 to 17.1 km/h), respectively. In conclusion, this case study revealed that emphasizing training in zone 2 (moderate intensity) and increasing the training load significantly improved performance at lactate thresholds. Despite modifying body composition, no influence on improving endurance performance was observed. These findings underscore the importance of TID in elite trail runners and highlight the potential to optimize physiological adaptations and performance outcomes.

Trail running (TR), un deporte de resistencia extrema, presenta desafíos únicos debido a la variedad de terrenos y distancias, donde la capacidad fisiológica y la composición corporal se han considerado mejores predictores del rendimiento. Este estudio de caso longitudinal examina el impacto de la distribución de la intensidad del entrenamiento (TID) en el perfil fisiológico y el rendimiento de un corredor de montaña de élite durante cuatro años. Se implementaron dos modelos TID: polarizado (POL) y piramidal (PYR). Las evaluaciones fisiológicas incluyeron el consumo máximo de oxígeno (VO2max), los umbrales de lactato (LT1 y LT2) y las características antropométricas. El entrenamiento se clasificó según el modelo de intensidad de 3 zonas (zona 1: por debajo del primer umbral de lactato; zona 2: entre el primer y segundo umbral de lactato; zona 3: por encima del segundo umbral de lactato). Durante los cuatro años, la distribución TID promedio fue 75 % zona 1, 18 % zona 2 y 7 % zona 3. La capacidad fisiológica aumentó un 7,14 % (14 a 15 km/h) para la velocidad en LT1 (vLT1) y un 8,13 % (16 a 17,3 km/h) para velocidad en LT2 (vLT2). Los incrementos más significativos se observaron durante el segundo año cuando el porcentaje de tiempo de entrenamiento en la zona 1 fue menor (65 %) y en la zona 2 mayor (30 %) que los reportados en otros años. En consecuencia, vLT1 y vLT2 aumentaron un 3,5 % (de 14,1 a 14,6 km/h) y un 3,6 % (de 16,5 a 17,1 km/h), respectivamente. En conclusión, este estudio reveló que enfatizar el entrenamiento en la zona 2 (intensidad moderada) y aumentar la carga de entrenamiento mejoró significativamente el rendimiento en los umbrales de lactato. A pesar de modificar la composición corporal, no se observó influencia en la mejora del rendimiento de resistencia. Estos hallazgos subrayan la importancia del TID en los corredores de trail de élite y resaltan el potencial para optimizar las adaptaciones fisiológicas y los resultados de rendimiento.

Research progress on running-related joint injuries and rehabilitation treatment / 国际生物医学工程杂志

Under the backdrop of the "Healthy China 2030" strategy, running has become the most common form of exercise. Fitness running is a kind of endurance aerobic exercise. Compared with swimming, aerobics, and other sports with high activity and intensity, the risk of lower limb fatigue injury during fitness running is higher. In this review paper, the risk factors for running-related injuries were summarized by consulting and analyzing the database and focuses on discussing and analyzing the impact of running on joints. The results showed that hip adduction, knee bending, and ankle joint abnormalities are the three joint-related factors that cause the main injuries during running. Four rehabilitation intervention methods for running-related injuries were proposed, that can guide patients to generate personalized rehabilitation treatment plans through training.

Research progress on effects of wearable resistance training on lower limb movement ability / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Superior lower limb mobility is regarded as one of the prerequisites for winning competitions.Wearable resistance training can effectively overcome the deficiency in the transfer efficiency of traditional strength training in enhancing lower limb mobility.Considering that the impact of wearable resistance training based on different body parts on lower limb mobility may have significant differentiated characteristics,it is particularly important to review and summarize the specific application strategies and acute and chronic intervention effects. OBJECTIVE:To comb and analyze acute and chronic intervention effects of wearable resistance training based on different body parts on lower limb mobility,in order to provide insightful and methodological references for optimizing application strategies for lower limb movement ability. METHODS:A literature search was conducted in CNKI,Wanfang,VIP,Web of Science,Medline,SPORTDiscus,and PubMed databases for publications up to October 2023.Chinese and English search terms were"arm,forearm,limb,leg,lower extremity,vest,trunk,resist,weight,load,sprint,agility,change of direction".A total of 60 articles were ultimately included for review after screening the retrieval results. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Trunk loading of 6-20%of body mass is suitable for optimizing acceleration in sprinting,while trunk loading of≤6%body mass is suitable for optimizing high-speed running.A trunk load of 5%body mass is applicable for optimizing change-of-direction movement;forearm,calf,or thigh loading often uses 1%or 2%body mass.(2)Trunk loading optimizes the functional performance of the lower limb stretch-shortening cycle by increasing vertical load.This enhances the efficiency of ground reaction force utilization and strengthens the coordinated stability control of the whole body musculature.Forearm loading effectively enhances the driving force of the upper limb swing,improves the propulsive force of the lower limb sprint,and optimizes the efficiency of inter-limb coordination.Calf loading can impose restrictions on the function of the hip joint,thereby leading to localized load stimulation and compensatory functional enhancement in the knee or ankle joint.Thigh loading partially restricts the peak extension angle and speed of the knee joint,creates specific load stimulation at the hip joint,and significantly improves its rotational kinetic energy output.(3)During larger-angle change-of-direction movements,the impact of calf loading is more significant than thigh loading.Thigh loading stimulation helps to enhance power output,while calf loading stimulation aids in improving stability control and directional change.(4)Currently,wearable resistance training has been proven to be an effective way to improve sprint and change-of-direction performance.The methodological strategies to improve sprint performance are relatively mature,but the optimal application scheme to improve change-of-direction performance needs to be further refined and optimized.Further research is recommended to supplement this area.

Visualization of the biomechanical characteristics of long-distance running landing patterns / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:In recent years,as the popularity of long-distance fitness running continues to rise,more research progress has been made on related scientific issues.Among them,the landing pattern of long-distance running is an important biomechanical research hotspot at the level of running technique. OBJECTIVE:Using CiteSpace to visualize and analyze the relevant literature,the article sorts through the last decade's literature on the subject to identify the current state,hot spots,and trends in the footprint as well as to further discuss the main research hotspots of the foot strike pattern from a biomechanical perspective. METHODS:"Foot strike pattern,""Rearfoot strike,""non-Rearfoot strike,""Forefoot strike"and"Midfoot strike"were used as keywords to search the Web of Science Core Collection database. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:A total of 896 relevant papers were finally included.The number of articles published in a year showed an overall upward trend.The top three countries in terms of the number of publications were the United States,China and the United Kingdom;the top three institutions were Harvard University,Shanghai University of Sports and the University of Massachusetts;and the top three authors were Davis Irene S,Hamill Joseph and Fu Weijie.The keywords"barefoot running,runner,injury,footing pattern,kinesiology"appear more frequently,and the keyword clusters include"energy cost,loading rate,footing pattern,risk factors,gait analysis",and the relevant research still continues to be hot to this day.After analyzing the above data in detail,we found that the overall research intensity of foot strike pattern has remained stable in recent years,and the hotspot mainly focuses on the biomechanical research of foot strike pattern;the trend of this kind of research focuses on the influence and adaptability of different strike patterns(forefoot strike and rearfoot strike)on long-distance runners(barefoot,shoes,distance,speed,injury risk,running economy and energy consumption,etc.).Therefore,there is no"standardized optimal landing,"but there may be"individualized optimal landings."It is suggested that researchers should select the optimal landing pattern and running technique strategy according to their own habitual way,movement pattern characteristics,exercise level and task attributes.

The role of the key items list in the quality control of running medical records of a children's hospital / 现代医院

Objective To analyze the role of the key items list in the quality control of running medical records by com-paring the improvements of the quality of medical records,and to explore more effective ways of quality management of medical records.Methods Based on the goal setting theory and influencing factors of goal incentive utility,a list of key items for medi-cal record quality management was formulated,which was implemented in a children's hospital in Tianjin since April 2023.A to-tal of 4 823 operating medical records were collected from June 2022 to September 2023,and the defect rates of quality control items were compared by using statistical methods.Results After the implementation of the key items list,the average score of operating medical records was improved,and the defect rate decreased from 13.63％to 7.94％.Moreover,the defect rates of admission records,first-trip records,senior physician rounds records,consultation records,and surgical records decreased from 4.25％,3.07％,8.26％,and 10.56％to 1.61％,1.56％,4.41％,and 5.06％.Conclusion The implementation of key i-tems list management can effectively improve the quality of running medical records,reduce the defects of medical records,and improve the effects of medical record management.

Effects of Different Running Speeds on Tissue-Level Failure Strain in Rat Femoral Cortical Bone / 医用生物力学

Objective To predict the tissue-level failure strain of the cortical bone and discuss the effects of different running speeds on the mechanical properties of rat femoral cortical bone.Methods The threshold for cortical bone tissue-level failure strain was assigned,and fracture simulation under three-point bending was performed on a rat femoral finite element model.The predicted load-displacement curves in each simulation were compared and fitted with the experimental data to back-calculate the tissue-level failure strain.Results The cortical bone tissue-level failure strains at different running speeds were statistically different,which indicated that different running speeds had certain impacts on the micromechanical properties of the cortical bone structures.At a running speed of 12 m/min,the cortical bone structure expressed the greatest tissue-level failure strain,and at a running speed of 20 m/min,the cortical bone structure expressed the lowest tissue-level failure strain.Conclusions Based on the changing trends of tissue-level failure strain and in combination with the changes in macro-level failure load and tissue-level elastic modulus of cortical bone structures,the effects of different running speeds on the mechanical properties of cortical bone structures were discussed in this study.The appropriate running speed for improving the mechanical properties of the cortical bone was explored,thereby providing a theoretical basis for improving bone strength through running exercises.

Effects of marathon exercise on knee cartilage volume and T2 relaxation time / 中华骨科杂志

Objective:To investigate the effects of marathon exercise on knee cartilage volume and T2 relaxation time (T2 value) based on MRI.Methods:From December 2018 to December 2021, 25 healthy volunteers without long-distance running habits and 32 non-professional marathon runners with long-term long-distance running were recruited to undergo knee MRI 3D water-selective excitation (three dimensional water-selective excitation, 3D-WATS) and T2 mapping imaging were performed, and the cartilage volumes in 5 knee areas and T2 values in 42 subareas were extracted for analysis. To compare the cartilage volume and its ratio to body surface area of knee joint of healthy volunteers and non-professional marathon runners, the T2 value of cartilage in each subregion, and the correlation between marathon exercise intensity and the volume and T2 value of cartilage in different regions.Results:Compared with healthy volunteers, there was no significant difference in cartilage volume or the ratio of body surface area to body volume of non-professional marathon runners ( P>0.05). There were significant differences between healthy volunteers and non-professional marathon runners in cartilage T2 values of the median layer of medial condyle of femur (47.61±5.65 ms and 44.29±6.10 ms) and the deep layer of medial condyle of femur (36.82±9.05 ms and 31.67±7.59 ms), deep precondylar area of medial femur (38.37±4.68 ms and 34.09±4.19 ms), shallow area of medial condylar area of femur (52.17±11.11 ms and 45.51±7.76 ms), middle layer of medial condylar area of femur (49.09±5.08 ms and 45.63±5.04 ms), medial layer of anterior condylar region of lateral femur (45.69±4.68 ms and 42.57±5.77 ms), superficial layer of posterior condylar region of lateral femur (55.42±18.41 ms and 47.99±8.39 ms), deep layer of anterior tibial medial plateau (33.40±7.76 ms and 29.03±5.69 ms), deep layer of posterior tibial medial plateau (31.28±5.02 ms and 27.92±5.99 ms), deep layer of patellofemoral surface (35.65±6.99 ms and 32.30±5.28 ms), respectively ( P<0.05). In non-professional marathon runners, the medial tibial plateau cartilage volume was negatively correlated with step frequency ( r=-0.371, P=0.035), the lateral femoral condylar cartilage volume was negatively correlated with step frequency ( r=-0.365, P=0.043), and the lateral tibial plateau cartilage volume was negatively correlated with step frequency ( r=-0.550, P=0.001). The T2 value of the medial layer cartilage in the anterior tibial medial plateau region was negatively correlated with body weight ( r=-0.277, P=0.039) and body mass index ( r=-0.290, P=0.030). The T2 value of the superficial layer of patellofemoral surface was negatively correlated with the amount of running in 3 months ( r=-0.457, P=0.010). The superficial T2 value in the posterior lateral plateau of the tibia was negatively correlated with stride length ( r=-0.437, P=0.014), and the medial layer cartilage T2 value in the anterior condylar area of the lateral femur was negatively correlated with stride frequency ( r=-0.380, P=0.035). Conclusion:Marathon exercise had little effect on the knee cartilage volume, but had a certain effect on the cartilage T2 value, resulting in changes in cartilage structure. The higher the step frequency, the smaller the cartilage volume. The greater the body weight or body mass index, the greater the amount of running in 3 months, and the greater the stride length, the lower the cartilage T2 value.

Analysis on clinical efficacy of ureteroscope-assisted laparoscopic ureteroplasty at lying and running position of healthy side in the treatment of postoperative ureteral stenosis / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective:To explore the safety and efficacy of ureteroscopy-assisted laparoscopic ureteroplasty in the healthy side-lying running position for the treatment of ureteral stenosis after pelvic surgery.Methods:The data of 92 patients with ureteral stenosis after surgery admitted to Ganzhou People’s Hospital from June 2017 to February 2023 were retrospectively analysed. There were 31 male patients and 61 female patients, with an average age of (46.4±23.3) years. Of the 92 patients, 53 patients had previously undergone stone fragmentation or stone retrieval surgery for urinary system stones, 35 patients had undergone gynecologic laparoscopic surgery for gynecologic diseases, 2 patients had previous intestinal surgery, and 2 patients had undergone laparoscopic ureteral reconstruction surgery. The mean preoperative serum creatinine was (120.33±16.52) μmol/L, the mean blood urea nitrogen was (14.28 ± 2.47) mmol/L, and the mean renal pelvis dilation was (3.23±2.47) cm. All patients were placed in healthy side-lying running position with general anesthesia. The patient's lower limbs were in the oblique supine position, and the angle of the lower limbs was 60-80°. By using a transabdominal approach, the narrow section of the ureter was mobilized and excised under the guidance of ureteroscopy. The posterior wall of the ureter was sutured and a zebra guidewire was placed into the renal pelvis. An F7 double-J stent was then retrogradely advanced over the guidewire. Then the anterior wall of the ureter was anastomosed to complete the surgery. The operation time, average length of hospital stay, perioperative complications, preoperative and postoperative pyelectasis and renal function changes were recorded, and the clinical efficacy were evaluated by comparative analysis.Results:Of the 92 patients, 90 patients were successfully treated with ureterovesical anastomosis. Two patients underwent ureterovesical reimplantation because of the low position and heavy adhesion of the stenosis segment. There were no cases of conversion to open surgery or intraoperative death. The mean surgery duration was (121.52±22.35) min, the mean drainage tube indwelling time was (3.16±1.23) d, and the mean hospital stay was (6.46±2.37) d. A patient with moderate hydronephrosis exhibited postoperative urinary leakage. Two patients developed symptoms of hematuria after ambulation. Following treatment with bed rest, adequate drainage, and appropriate hemostatic medication, all patients recovered smoothly and were discharged. The double J tube was removed 3 months after operation, and the CT reexamination after extubation showed that the degree of pyelectasis was (2.52±1.54) cm, the average serum creatinine was (89.64±15.21) μmol/L, and urea nitrogen was (9.42±1.36) mmol/L, which was all significantly different from that before operation ( P<0.05). The patients were followed up for 6 to 12 months, and there was no ureteral restenosis. Conclusions:Ureteroscopic-assisted laparoscopic ureteroplasty in the healthy side-lying running position is a safe and effective surgical method for the treatment of short segment (narrow segment <3 cm) ureteral cicatrix stenosis after surgery. And this surgical method has the advantages of accurate positioning of the narrow segment, safe and convenient ureteral free, exact ureteral anastomosis, and easy placement of double J tube.

Comparative analysis of lower limb muscle strength in amateur runners with patellofemoral pain / 中国康复医学杂志

Objective:To investigate the lower limb muscle strength characteristics in amateur runners with patellofemoral pain(PFP). Method:Thirty PFP amateur runners(20 males and 10 females)were recruited as the knee pain group,and 30 matched non-injured amateur runners were recruited as the non-knee pain group.The hip abductor strength,quadriceps strength,hamstring strength,hamstring/quadriceps ratio,and bilateral limb symmetry index were col-lected for all participants.Independent sample t-tests were used to compare the differences between the groups. Result:The hip abductor strength and bilateral limb symmetry index,quadriceps strength and bilateral limb symmetry index of male PFP amateur runners were significantly lower than those of the non-knee pain group,while the hamstring/quadriceps ratio was significantly higher than that of the non-knee pain group.The hip ab-ductor strength and bilateral limb symmetry index of female PFP amateur runners were significantly lower than those of the non-knee pain group. Conclusion:PFP amateur runners exhibit different lower limb muscle strength characteristics compared to non-knee pain runners,and the lower limb strength characteristics of male and female PFP amateur runners are not consistent.Therefore,functional and gender differences should be considered in the clinical treatment and rehabilitation training of PFP.

Health profile and training habits of 42k marathoners, temuco chile / Perfil de salud y hábitos de entrenamiento de maratonistas 42k, temuco chile / Perfil de saúde e hábitos de treinamento de maratonistas de 42k, temuco chile

ABSTRACT Context: participation of runners in marathons increases each year, making them an attractive population to investigate. In Chile, the characteristics of marathoners in decentralized and emerging races, such as the Temuco Araucanía International Marathon (MITA), are not yet known. Objective: to describe health profile, sociodemographic characteristics, and training habits of the 42K runners enrolled in MITA during the years 2017, 2018 and 2019. Methods: Non-probabilistic convenience sample composed of people over 18 years of age, who signed informed consent. The data were obtained through a survey prepared by the authors, and were analyzed with the statistical program Stata 16.0 to describe the group based on the variables of health profile, sociodemographic characteristics and training habits. Results: 135 adult marathoners were included (n=42-2017, n=45-2018, n=48-2019). The mean age was 39.5±9.1 years and 86.6% were men. Fifteen percent self-reported comorbidities, 96.7% were non-smokers, 80% were normal weight, 65% had a high educational level and 87% were workers. Regarding training habits, it is noteworthy that the frequency was 4.9±1 days per week, with a mean duration of 89±1 minutes per session. Finally, 71.9% of the sample reported doing high intensity training. Conclusions: the MITA 42K runners are generally healthy subjects, nonsmokers and without comorbidities; mostly men, normal weight, middle age, with a high educational level and workers. They present a high frequency of weekly training, with an average duration of 90 minutes per session, this being carried out at high intensity by almost 2/3 of the sample. Knowledge of the health profile and training habits of runners is a first step to responsibly generate guidelines that contribute to strengthening the safe practice of this sport. Level of Evidence IV; Descriptive and Cross-Sectional Study.

RESUMEN Introducción: la participación de corredores en maratones aumenta cada año, convirtiéndolos en una población atractiva de investigar. En Chile, aún no se conocen las características de maratonistas de carreras descentralizadas y emergentes, como la Maratón Internacional Temuco Araucanía (MITA). Objetivo: describir el perfil de salud, las características sociodemográficas y los hábitos de entrenamiento de los corredores de 42K, inscriptos en MITA durante los años 2017, 2018 y 2019. Métodos: Muestra no probabilística por conveniencia mayores de 18 años, que firmaron el término de consentimiento informado. Los datos fueron obtenidos a través de la aplicación de una encuesta de elaboración original, analizados con programa estadístico Stata 16.0 para describir al grupo en función de las variables perfil de salud, sociodemográficas y hábitos de entrenamiento. Resultados: Se incluyeron 135 adultos maratonistas (n=42-2017, n=45-2018, n= 48-2019) La edad promedio fue de 39,5±9,1 años y 86,6% fueron hombres. El 15% auto reportó comorbilidades, 96,7% eran no fumadores; 80% eran normopeso, con un 65% de participantes con nivel educacional alto y 87% trabajadores. En cuanto a los hábitos de entrenamiento, se destaca que la frecuencia es de 4,9±1 días por semana, con una duración media de 89±1 minutos por sesión y finalmente, el 71,9% de la muestra reporta realizar entrenamiento de alta intensidad. Conclusiones: los corredores 42K del MITA son en general sujetos sanos, no fumadores y sin comorbilidades; en su mayoría hombres, normopeso, de edad media, con un nivel educacional alto y trabajadores. Presentan una alta frecuencia de entrenamiento semanal, con una duración promedio de 1:30 minutos por sesión, siendo realizada a alta intensidad casi 2/3 de la muestra. El conocimiento del perfil de salud y hábitos de entrenamiento de los corredores, constituye un primer paso para generar, de forma responsable, lineamientos que contribuyan a fortalecer la práctica segura de este deporte. Nivel de Evidencia IV; Estudio Descriptivo y Transversal.

RESUMO Introdução: a participação de corredores em maratonas aumenta a cada ano, tornando-os uma população atrativa para investigação. No Chile, ainda não são conhecidas as características dos maratonistas em corridas descentralizadas e emergentes, como a Maratona Internacional Temuco Araucanía (MITA). Objetivo: descrever o perfil de saúde, características sociodemográficas e hábitos de treinamento dos corredores de 42K inscritos no MITA durante os anos de 2017, 2018 e 2019. Métodos: Amostra não probabilística de conveniência composta por pessoas maiores de 18 anos, que assinaram o termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de um questionário elaborado pelos autores e foram analisados com o programa estatístico Stata 16.0 para descrever o grupo com base nas variáveis de perfil de saúde, características sociodemográficas e hábitos de treinamento. Resultados: foram incluídos 135 maratonistas adultos (n=42-2017, n=45-2018, n=48-2019). A média de idade foi de 39,5±9,1 anos e 86,6% eram homens. Comorbidades autorreferidas 15%, 96,7% não fumantes, 80% eutróficos, 65% com alta escolaridade e 87% trabalhadores. Em relação aos hábitos de treino, destaca-se que a frequência foi de 4,9±1 dias por semana, com duração média de 89±1 minutos por sessão. Por fim, 71,9% da amostra relatou fazer treinamento de alta intensidade. Conclusões: os corredores do MITA 42K são indivíduos geralmente saudáveis, não fumantes e sem comorbidades; em sua maioria homens, eutróficos, de meia idade, com alto nível educacional e trabalhadores. Apresentam uma elevada frequência de treino semanal, com duração média de 90 minutos por sessão, sendo este realizado em alta intensidade por quase 2/3 da amostra. O conhecimento do perfil de saúde e hábitos de treino dos corredores é um primeiro passo para gerar com responsabilidade orientações que contribuam para o fortalecimento da prática segura deste esporte. Nível de Evidência IV; Estudo Descritivo e Transversal.

Running intralimb coordination patterns after a foot core exercise program in recreational runners

This study investigated the effects of a foot core intervention on the coordination of foot joints in recreational runners. This was a secondary analysis from a randomized controlled trial conducted with 87 recreational runners allocated to the control group (CG), which followed a placebo lower limb stretching protocol, or the intervention group (IG), which underwent an 8-week (3 times/week) foot core training. The participants ran on a force-instrumented treadmill at a self-selected speed (9.5-10.5 km/h) while the foot segment motion was captured. The vector coding technique was used to assess inter-joint coordination for four selected coupled segment and joint angles. The coordination patterns of the calcaneus and midfoot (CalMid) and midfoot and metatarsus (MidMet) joint pairs were affected. In the frontal plane, IG showed an in-phase with proximal dominancy coordination at heel strike, with a decrease in its frequency after the training (P=0.018), suggesting a longer foot supination. Additionally, IG showed an anti-phase with distal dominancy pattern at early stance compared to CG due to a smaller but earlier inversion of the CalMid-MidMet pair (P=0.020). The intervention also had an effect on the transverse plane of the CalMid-MidMet pair, with IG showing a significantly greater frequency of anti-phase coordination with proximal dominancy during propulsion than CG (P=0.013), probably due to a reduction in the CalMid abduction. Overall, the results suggested that the foot core intervention reduces the occurrence of running-related injuries by increasing the resistance to calcaneus pronation and building a more rigid and efficient lever during push-off.

Critical speed, thresholds for vo2max and boundaries of the severe exercise intensity domain / Velocidad crítica, vo2máx y límites de el dominio de la intensidad del ejercicio severo / Velocidade crítica, vo2max e limites de o domínio de intensidade de exercício severo

ABSTRACT Introduction: The severe exercise intensity domain can be defined as the range of work rates or speeds over which VO2max can be elicited. Objectives: Our purpose was to determine if critical speed (running analog of critical power) identifies the lower boundary of the severe domain and to identify the upper boundary of the domain. Methods: Twenty-five individuals performed five running tests to exhaustion, each lasting > 2.5 min and < 16 min. The two-parameter speed vs time-to-exhaustion relationship generated values for critical speed and the three-parameter speed vs time-to-reach-VO2max relationship generated values for the threshold speed above which VO2max can be elicited. The relationships were solved to calculate the minimum time needed to elicit VO2max. Results: Critical speed (3.00 ± 0.38 m·s−1) and the threshold speed above which VO2max can be elicited (2.99 ± 0.37 m·s−1) were correlated (r = 0.83, p < 0.01) and did not differ (p = 0.70), confirming critical speed as the lower boundary of the severe domain. The minimum time needed to elicit VO2max (103 ± 7 s) and the associated highest speed at which VO2max can be elicited (4.98 ± 0.52 m·s−1) identified the upper boundary of the severe domain for these participants. Conclusion: The critical power concept, which requires no metabolic measurements, can be used to identify the lowest speed at which VO2max can be elicited. With addition of metabolic measurements, mathematical modeling can also identify the highest speed and shortest exercise duration at which VO2max can be elicited. Evidence Level I; Validating cohort study with good reference standards.

RESUMEN Introducción: El dominio de la intensidad del ejercicio severo se puede definir como el rango de ritmos o velocidades de trabajo sobre las que se puede obtener el VO2max. Objetivos: Nuestro propósito fue determinar si la velocidad crítica (funcionamiento analógico de potencia crítica) identifica el límite inferior del dominio severo e identificar el límite superior del dominio. Métodos: Veinticinco personas realizaron cinco pruebas de carrera hasta el agotamiento, cada una con una duración de > 2,5 min y <16 min. La relación de dos parámetros de velocidad frente a tiempo de agotamiento generó valores para la velocidad crítica y la relación de tres parámetros de velocidad frente a tiempo de alcance de VO2max generó valores para la velocidad umbral por encima del cual se puede obtener el VO2max. Las relaciones se resolvieron para calcular el tiempo mínimo necesario para obtener el VO2max. Resultados: La velocidad crítica (3,00 ± 0,38 m·s−1) y la velocidad umbral por encima de la cual se puede obtener el VO2max (2,99 ± 0,37 m·s−1) se correlacionaron (r = 0,83, p < 0,01) y no difirieron (p = 0,70), lo que confirma la velocidad crítica como el límite inferior del dominio severo. El tiempo mínimo necesario para obtener el VO2max (103 ± 7 s) y la velocidad más alta asociada a la que se puede obtener el VO2max (4,98 ± 0,52 m·s−1) identificaron el límite superior del dominio severo para estos participantes. Conclusión: El concepto de potencia crítica, que no requiere mediciones metabólicas, se puede utilizar para identificar la velocidad más baja a la que se puede obtener el VO2max. Con la adición de mediciones metabólicas, el modelado matemático también puede identificar la velocidad más alta y la duración más corta del ejercicio a la que se puede obtener VO2max. Nivel de Evidencia I; Estudio de cohortes con alto estándar de referencia.

RESUMO Introdução: O domínio de intensidade de exercício severo pode ser definido como a faixa de taxas de trabalho ou velocidades sobre as quais o VO2max pode ser obtido. Objetivos: Nosso propósito foi determinar se a velocidade crítica (execução analógica da potência crítica) identifica o limite inferior do domínio severo e identificar o limite superior do domínio. Métodos: Vinte e cinco indivíduos realizaram cinco testes de corrida até a exaustão, cada um com duração > 2,5 min e < 16 min. A relação velocidade de dois parâmetros contra tempo até a exaustão gerou valores para a velocidade crítica e a relação velocidade de três parâmetros contra tempo para alcançar o VO2max valores gerados para a velocidade limite acima da qual o VO2max pode ser obtido. As relações foram resolvidas para calcular o tempo mínimo necessário para eliciar o VO2max. Resultados: A velocidade crítica (3,00 ± 0,38 m·s−1) e a velocidade limite acima da qual o VO2max pode ser eliciado (2,99 ± 0,37 m·s−1) foram correlacionadas (r = 0,83, p < 0,01) e não diferiram (p = 0,70), confirmando a velocidade crítica como o limite inferior do domínio grave. O tempo mínimo necessário para eliciar o VO2max (103 ± 7 s) e a maior velocidade associada na qual o VO2max pode ser eliciado (4,98 ± 0,52 m·s−1) identificou o limite superior do domínio severo para esses participantes. Conclusão: O conceito de potência crítica, que não requer medidas metabólicas, pode ser usado para identificar a velocidade mais baixa em que o VO2max pode ser eliciado. Com a adição de medidas metabólicas, a modelagem matemática também pode identificar a velocidade mais alta e a duração mais curta do exercício em que o VO2max pode ser obtido. Nível de Evidência I; Estudo de coorte com alto padrão de referência.

Factores asociados al requerimiento de rehabilitación física en los peatones sobrevivientes de atropello en Perú, 2016 - 2021

Introducción. Los accidentes de tránsito (AT) son un problema de salud pública a nivel mundial, se estiman 1,3 millones de muertes anuales, y en los sobrevivientes deja secuelas traumáticas que pueden disminuir la calidad de vida. De las víctimas, los peatones lesionados representan el 22%. El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar los factores asociados al requerimiento de rehabilitación física de los peatones lesionados por algún AT en el territorio peruano. Métodos. Se realizó un estudio observacional de corte transversal con los datos secundarios brindados por el Centro Nacional de Epidemiología, Prevención y Control de Enfermedades (CDC Perú) por medio de fichas epidemiológicas. Resultados. Se analizaron 14 186 registros que involucran a peatones lesionados por atropellamiento en carretera por algún vehículo motorizado entre el 2016 y el 2021. El 87,89% de las víctimas no requirieron rehabilitación posterior al suceso. Existe una mayor probabilidad de rehabilitación si el lesionado tiene una mayor edad y si la hora del accidente fue entre las 00:00 y 05:59 horas del día. Existe una menor probabilidad de rehabilitación si el accidente lo ocasiona un motocarro. Conclusiones. Existe una gran cantidad de accidentados jóvenes y adultos, sin embargo, la edad mayor se comporta como un factor asociado a la necesidad de rehabilitación, así mismo, el tipo de carretera y el tipo de vehículo causante influyen en el desenlace de la víctima.

Introduction. Traffic accidents (TA) are a public health problem worldwide, with an estimated 1.3 million deaths per year from collisions and leaves traumatic sequels in the survivors. Of the total number of victims affected in an AT, injured pedestrians represent 22%. The objective of this study was to determine the factors associated with the requirement of physical rehabilitation of pedestrians injured by any TA in the Peruvian territory. Methods. An observational cross-sectional study was carried out with the data provided by the National Center for Epidemiology, Prevention, and Control of Diseases (CDC Peru) through epidemiological records. A regression analysis was performed, and prevalence ratios (PR) were reported, having the rehabilitation requirement as a dependent variable. Results. A total of 14,186 records of pedestrians injured by being hit by a motor vehicle on the road between 2016 and 2021 were analyzed. 87.89% of the victims did not require post-event rehabilitation. There is a greater probability of rehabilitation if the injured person is older and if the time of the accident occurred between 00:00 and 05:59 hours of the day. There is a lower probability of rehabilitation if the accident is caused by a minor motor vehicle. Conclusions. Many young people and adults are injured; however, older age is a factor associated with the need for rehabilitation, likewise, the type of road and the type of vehicle responsible influence the outcome of the victim.

High-intensity interval training (treadmill) effects in myokines and endoplasmic reticulum stress of calf muscles in obese mice / Efectos del entrenamiento interválico de alta intensidad (trotadora) en miocinas y estrés del retículo endoplasmático de los músculos surales en ratones obesos

SUMMARY: Obesity is commonly associated with chronic tissue inflammation and skeletal muscle dysfunction. The study aimed to investigate the effects of High-Intensity Interval training (HIIT) on myokines and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress of diet- induced obese (DIO) mice. Three-month-old C57BL/6 male mice were fed a control (C) diet (n=20) or a high-fat (HF) diet (n=20) for 16 weeks. Then, half of the groups underwent HIIT (treadmill running) for an additional four weeks. HIIT increased calf muscles' contribution to BW (+24 %) and reduced weight gain in HF/HIIT than in HF (-120 %). Intramuscular fat accumulation was observed in HF and HF/ HIIT. Peak velocity was higher in HF/HIIT compared to HF (+26 %). Plasma insulin did not change, but glycemia was lower in HF/HIIT than in HF (-30 %). Fndc5 (+418 %) and Irisin (+72 %) were higher in HF/HIIT than in HF. Muscle Fgf21 was higher in HF/HIIT compared to HF (+30 %). In addition, NfKb (-53 %) and Tnfa (-63 %) were lower in HF/HIIT than in HF. However, Il1b (-86 %), Il6 (- 48 %), Il7 (-76 %), and Il15 (-21 %) were lower in HF/HIIT than in HF. Finally, HIIT reduced ER stress in HF/HIIT compared to HF: Atf4, -61 %; Chop, -61 %; Gadd45, -95 %. In conclusion, HIIT leads to weight loss and avoids muscle depletion. HIIT improves blood glucose, Irisin-Fndc5, and peak velocity. In addition, HIIT mitigates muscle inflammation and ER stress.

La obesidad es asociada comúnmente con inflamación tisular crónica y disfunción del músculo esquelético. El estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar los efectos del entrenamiento de intervalos de alta intensidad (HIIT) en las mioquinas y el estrés del retículo endoplásmico (ER) de ratones obesos inducidos por dieta (DIO). Se alimentó a ratones macho C57BL/6 de tres meses de edad con una dieta control (C) (n=20) o una dieta rica en grasas (HF) (n=20) durante 16 semanas. Luego, la mitad de los grupos se sometieron a HIIT (carrera en una trotadora) durante cuatro semanas más. HIIT aumentó la contribución de los músculos de la pantorrilla al BW (+24 %) y redujo el aumento de peso en HF/HIIT en HF (-120 %). Se observó acumulación de grasa intramuscular en HF y HF/HIIT. La velocidad máxima fue mayor en HF/HIIT en comparación con HF (+26 %). La insulina plasmática no cambió, pero la glucemia fue menor en HF/HIIT que en HF (-30 %). Fndc5 (+418 %) e Irisin (+72 %) fueron mayores en HF/HIIT que en HF. El Fgf21 muscular fue mayor en HF/ HIIT en comparación con HF (+30 %). Además, NfKb (-53 %) y Tnfa (-63 %) fueron menores en HF/HIIT que en HF. Sin embar- go, Il1b (-86 %), Il6 (-48 %), Il7 (-76 %) e Il15 (-21 %) fueron más bajos en HF/HIIT que en HF. Finalmente, HIIT redujo el estrés de RE en HF/HIIT en comparación con HF: Atf4, -61 %; Picar, - 61 %; Gadd45, -95 %. En conclusión, HIIT conduce a la pérdida de peso y evita el agotamiento muscular. HIIT mejora la glucosa en sangre, Irisin-Fndc5 y la velocidad máxima. Además, HIIT mitiga la inflamación muscular y el estrés ER.

Eleven-year operation analysis and optimized management of medical linear accelerator in some hospital / 医疗卫生装备

The Elekta Synergy Linear Accelerator in some hospital from 2012 to 2022 were retrospectively analyzed in terms of operation,failure time distribution and failure of each system.Some countermeasures were put forward accordingly to decrease the failure rate and strengthen the training of relevant personnel's operation and maintenance.References were provided for effective management and operation of medical linear accelerators.

Relationship between anthropometric parameters and 20 meter shuttle run test among children and adolescents / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To determine the association between anthropometric parameters and 20 meter shuttle run test (20 m SRT) score among children and adolescents.@*Methods@#The convenient sampling method was conducted to select 3 192 primary and secondary school students in Baoan District, Shenzhen, based on the street school types school from April to May 2019. Height, weight, 20 m SRT score and general demographic indicators were assessed and collected. Individuals were divided into two groups based on the dose response correlation between different anthropometric parameters (the Z score of height, weight and BMI) and 20 m SRT score analyzed with the restricted cubic spline. The association between the Z score of height and 20 m SRT score was further analyzed using the Spearman correlation analysis. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze separately the relationship different anthropometric parameters and 20 m SRT score.@*Results@#The Z value of weight and 20 m SRT score showed a non linear dose response association ( P <0.01), the significant but weak linear correlation between the Z value of height and 20 m SRT score ( r=0.06, P <0.05). The prevalence rate on the low level of the Z value of 20 m SRT score in 3 192 children and adolescents was 44.7%, and the gender ( χ 2=14.02, P <0.01) and grade difference ( χ 2=93.28, P <0.01) were both statistically significant. There was no significant relationship between the Z value of height and 20 m SRT score grade among total population, different genders and different grades ( P > 0.05). Compared with the reference group on the Z value of weight ≤-0.23, individuals with the Z value of weight >-0.23 had the low level of 20 m SRT score ( OR =0.61, P <0.05). Compared with the reference group on the Z value of BMI ≤ 0.25, individuals with the Z value of weight >0.25 had the low level of 20 m SRT score ( OR =0.45, P <0.05). Stratified for gender and grade, the above significant relationship on the Z value of weight, Z value of BMI and 20 m SRT score were still observed ( P <0.01).@*Conclusions@#The higher height Z value shows on correlations with 20 m SRT score, but the positive association is found between weight and BMI Z value and the 20 m SRT score. The cardiopulmonary fitness improvement may be more effective among children and adolescents when tuking weight and BMI Z scores into consideration.

Physical fitness and associated factors among primary and middle school students in Henan Province in 2019 / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To understand physical fitness among primary and middle school students in Henan Province, so as to provide theoretical basis for physical fitness promotion among primary and middle school students.@*Methods@#Based on data of National Survey on Student Physical Fitness and Health in Henan Province in 2019, a total of 42 734 students were investigated. The Z value of each physical fitness index were calculated by Z method, physical fitness index (PFI) was obtained to reflect the physical fitness condition synthetically. Physical fitness of different groups were compared, and associated factors of PFI were analyzed by multiple linear regression.@*Results@#Lung capacity, grip strength, standing long jump, 50 m run, 50 m×8 shuttle run and PFI in boys were [(2 552.1±1 226.5)mL, (26.0±13.9)N, (171.0±43.7)cm, (9.3±1.8)s, (132.1±22.6)s, (1.4±3.6)], respectively, which were significantly higher than that of girls [(1 965.2±765.3)mL, (19.1±8.2)N, (142.4±26.6)cm, (10.5±1.4)s, (136.9±21.1)s, (-1.4±3.2)]( t =59.35,62.66,81.87,-74.92,-16.72,85.96, P <0.01). The seated forward flexion of boys [(7.0±7.5)cm] was significantly lower than that of girls[(11.8±7.1)cm], the difference was statistically significant ( t =-68.57， P <0.01). Significant sex differences were observed in physical fitness at different age ( P <0.01). There was a certain gap between urban boys and rural boys in terms of strength quality, endurance quality and flexibility quality, and the physical quality of urban girls was better than that of rural girls as a whole. The detection rates of poor eyesight, malnutrition, overweight and obesity, anemia and high blood pressure of primary and middle school students were 68.0%, 5.4%, 26.0%, 15.9% and 18.0%, respectively. Region, sex, age and nutritional status(malnutrition,overweight and obesity) were the influencing factors of PFI( β =-0.23,-2.92,-0.11,-1.19, -0.78 , P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#Physical fitness among primary and middle school students varies in gender, age group, region and disease condition in Henan Province. Scientific intervention should be administered, especially for rural, female students, senior students, undernourished and overweight and obese students, to improve health awareness and physical fitness.

Effects of treadmill training on Purkinje cells in the cerebellum of the rats with spinal cord injury / 中国康复医学杂志

Objective:To investigate the effect and mechanism of treadmill training on Purkinje cells in the cerebellum of the rats with spinal cord injury(SCI). Method:Total of 108 female SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups:the sham-operated group,the SCI group,and the SCI+treadmill training(TT)group.The rats in the SCI exercise group started treadmill train-ing after surgery,and BBB scores were used to assess the hindlimb motor function of rats with spinal cord in-jury.The cerebellum tissues were collected on the 3,7 and 14 day after surgery respectively,and the number and morphological changes of Purkinje cells in the cerebellum were detected by HE staining and Nissler stain-ing.The expression of caspase-9 and mGluR1 in Purkinje cells was detected by immunohistochemistry;the ex-pression of caspase-3 and mGluR1 was detected by immunofluorescence;the expression of apoptosis-related proteins Bax,Bcl-2,Cyt-C,caspase-9 and caspase-3 in cerebellar tissue was detected by Western Blot. Result:Compared with the sham-operated group,the BBB scores in SCI and SCI+TT groups were significant-ly decreased(P＜0.05).The number of Purkinje cells in cerebellum was reduced,and the size was reduced and lost the normal morphology.The expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins Bax,Cyt-C,activated caspase-9,and activated caspase-3 proteins in cerebellum were significantly increased(P＜0.05),and Bcl-2 expression was significantly decreased;caspase-9 and caspase-3 expression was increased and mGluR1 expression was decreased in Purkinje cells(P＜0.05).Compared with the SCI group,there was no significant difference in the BBB scores of the SCI+TT group(P＞0.05);the number and normal morphology of Purkinje cells in cerebellum increased;the expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins Bax,Cyt-C,activated caspase-9 and activated caspase-3 de-creased(P＜0.05),and the expression of Bcl-2 increased;the expression levels of caspase-9 and caspase-3 in Pur-kinje cells were decreased,and the expression level of mGluR1 was significantly increased(P＜0.05). Conclusion:Treadmill training can reduce the apoptosis of Purkinje cells in the cerebellum of the rats with spi-nal cord injury through the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway.

Profile identification of canicross practitioners and their dogs in Brazil / Identificação do perfil dos praticantes de canicross e seus cães no Brasil / Identificación del perfil de los practicantes de canicross y sus perros en Brasil

The study analyzed the profile of Canicross practitioners in Brazil. A semi- structured questionnaire consisting of 33 questions was used: seven related to the handler and 26 to the dogs. Results: Of the total handlers, 53.3% are women, 64% have practiced the sport for at least 5 years and 52.3% trained with a personal trainer. Of the dogs, 62.6% were females, 60% were between one and four years old and the Mixed Breeds were the majority with 34.6%; as for the health of the animals, 80% of the handlers stated that they did not carry out veterinary monitoring aiming at the Canicross. 6.6% of the animals had sports-related injuries and 80% of these cases received veterinary treatment. It was clear that handlers know strategies to prevent and / or treat injuries caused by the sport, however this is not reflected in dogs. The unprecedented nature of the work will help handlers, veterinarians and sports lovers to draw up protocols so that dogs can practice Canicross safely.

O estudo analisou o perfil dos praticantes de Canicross no Brasil. Foi utili- zado um questionário semiestruturado composto por 33 questões, sendo sete relacionadas ao condutor e 26 aos cães. Resultados: Do total de manipuladores, 53,3% são mulheres, 64% praticam o esporte há pelo menos 5 anos e 52,3% treinam com personal trainer. Dos cães, 62,6% eram fêmeas, 60% tinham entre um e quatro anos e os sem raça definida eram a maioria com 34,6%; quanto à saúde dos animais, 80% dos tratadores afirmaram não realizar acompanhamento veterinário visando o Canicross. 6,6% dos animais tiveram lesões esportivas e 80% desses casos receberam tratamento veterinário. Ficou claro que os tratadores conhecem estratégias para prevenir e/ou tratar lesões causadas pelo esporte, porém isso não se reflete nos cães. O caráter inédito do trabalho ajudará tratadores, veterinários e esportistas a traçarem protocolos para que os cães possam praticar Cani- cross com segurança.

El estudio analizó el perfil de los practicantes de Canicross en Brasil. Se utilizó un cuestionario semiestructurado compuesto por 33 preguntas, siendo siete relaci- onadas con el conductor y 26 con los perros. Resultados: Del total de manejadores, 53,3% son mu-lheres, 64% practican el deporte hace por lo menos 5 años y 52,3% entrenan con trai-ner personal. De los perros, 62,6% eran hembras, 60% tenían entre uno y cuatro años y los sin raza definida eran la mayoría con 34,6%; en cuanto a la salud de los animales, 80% de los manejadores afirmaron no realizar acompañamiento veterinario con vistas al Canicross. El 6,6% de los animales presentaron lesiones deportivas y el 80% de estos casos recibieron tratamiento veterinario. Quedó claro que los cuidadores conocen estra- tegias para prevenir y/o tratar lesiones causadas por el deporte, sin embargo esto no se refleja en los perros. El carácter inédito del trabajo aju-dará a cuidadores, veterinarios y deportistas a trazar protocolos para que los perros puedan practicar Canicross con segu- ridad.

Influence of walking and running on patellofemoral pain / Influência da caminhada e da corrida na dor femoropatelar

Abstract Due to the ease of its practice, walking / running can be performed in such a way that there is no adequate control or monitoring, resulting in the appearance of injuries, highlighting patellofemoral pain. Thus, the present study aimed to verify the levels of patellofemoral pain in walk / run practitioners. The sample consisted of 318 individuals, selected in a non-probabilistic manner, for convenience and adherence, including over 18 years old, both sexes, living in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil, who practiced walking / running. Data collection was performed using an online questionnaire on the google platform. Participants who agreed to participate answered a sociodemographic questionnaire, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and a subscale of patellofemoral pain and osteoarthritis of the KOOS questionnaire. Data were presented using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation), submitted to inferential statistics using Student's t test, ANOVA with Bonferroni's post hoc to show the effect of comparisons, considering a significance level of 5% (p <0.05). There were no significant differences between the variables analyzed (p = 0.599; ES = 0.06), suggesting that there is no difference in patellofemoral pain in practitioners of walking / running between the sexes and different levels of physical activity; research with larger samples and monitoring of more variables, in the search for more assertive results, should be carried out.

Resumo Pela facilidade de sua prática, a caminhada / corrida pode ser realizada de forma que não haja controle ou monitoramento adequado, resultando no aparecimento de lesões, destacando a dor femoropatelar. Assim, o presente estudo teve como objetivo verificar os níveis de dor femoropatelar em praticantes de caminhada / corrida. A amostra foi composta por 318 indivíduos, selecionados de forma não probabilística, por conveniência e adesão, incluindo maiores de 18 anos, ambos os sexos, residentes no estado de Pernambuco, Brasil, que praticavam caminhada / corrida. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de questionário online na plataforma google. Os participantes que aceitaram participar responderam a um questionário sociodemográfico, o Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física (IPAQ) e subescala de dor patelofemoral e osteoartrite do questionário KOOS. Os dados foram apresentados através da estatística descritiva (média e desvio padrão), submetidos à estatística inferencial por meio do teste t de Student, ANOVA com post hoc de Bonferroni para mostrar o efeito das comparações, considerando nível de significância de 5% (p<0,05). Não foi observada diferenças significantes entre as variáveis analisadas (p = 0,599), sugerindo que não há diferença no dor femoropatelar em praticantes de caminhada / corrida entre os sexos e diferentes níveis de atividade física; pesquisas com amostras maiores e monitoramento de mais variáveis, na busca por resultados mais assertivos, devem ser realizadas.