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@#Excess hormone production from adrenal tumors caused by primary hyperaldosteronism or pheochromocytoma are common etiologies for secondary hypertension. Studies have shown that sustained long-term circulating hormones in excess affect the blood vessels and cardiac structures. Inflammation of cardiomyocytes leads to fibrosis and eventual cardiomyopathy and is clinically presented as arrhythmia, nonfatal myocardial infarction, heart failure, or even death. The tissue changes and/or impaired cardiac function are reversible if early diagnosis and removal of the adrenal tumor by unilateral adrenalectomy is done. However, the condition becomes challenging if the adrenal lesions are bilateral. This article introduces the concept of systemic hormonal unloading and will discuss the philosophy of quality of life in managing bilateral adrenal disease.
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Hyperaldostéronisme , Phéochromocytome , Qualité de vieRésumé
Trials within cohorts （TwiCs） are design methods derived from randomized controlled trials （RCTS）. They have been widely used in chronic disease areas such as tumors and cardiovascular diseases. The basis of the TwiCs design is a prospective cohort of specific diseases. When RCTS need to be implemented， some patients meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria are randomly sampled from the cohort to receive "trial interventions"， while the remaining patients in the cohort who meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria continue to receive conventional treatment as control groups. By comparing the efficacy differences between the intervention measures of the trial group and the control group， the efficacy of intervention measures was evaluated. Within the cohort， the same process could be repeated to carry out multiple RCTS， so as to evaluate different intervention measures or compare the efficacy of different doses or timing of interventions. Compared with classical RCTS， TwiCs make it easier to recruit patients from the cohort and have higher external validity， providing a new research paradigm for improving the efficiency and applicability of RCTS in clinical practice. However， TwiCs may also face the challenge of poor compliance of patients in the cohort. Researchers need to take effective measures to control these patients in the design and operation of TwiCs. This article focused on the methodological key points during the implementation of TwiCs， including multi-stage informed consent （patients are informed of consent at three stages： entering the cohort， entering the trial group， and after the trial）， randomization procedures （only random sampling of patients from the cohort to receive "trial interventions"）， sample size calculation， and statistical analysis methods. The article also compared the differences between TwiCs and traditional RCTS and illustrated TwiCs research design and analysis with examples， so as to provide new research ideas and methods for clinical researchers.
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Abstract The Atlantic Forest and Cerrado (Brazilian Savannah) contain a large number of endemic species and high species diversity, particularly for medium and large-bodied mammals. However, there is no large-scale assessment of these animals and their spatial distribution. Our study synthesises the literature on medium and large-bodied mammal surveys in the Cerrado and Atlantic Forest to provide insights into their distributions across large spatial scales and identify knowledge gaps to guide future research. We synthesised papers published in three databases, focusing on mammals weighing more than 1kg. Of the 84 papers we found, the majority (57.14%) were on mammals in the Atlantic Forest, while 42.85% were on mammals found in the Cerrado. We gathered records for 116 species, the most common of which were Cerdocyon thous (Linnaeus, 1766), Procyon cancrivorus (Cuvier, 1798) and Chrysocyon brachyurus (Illiger, 1815) (Cerrado); Dasypus novemcinctus (Linnaeus, 1758), Cerdocyon thous (Linnaeus, 1766) and Nasua nasua (Linnaeus, 1766; Atlantic Forest). Our study allowed us to access, for the first time in the Atlantic Forest and Cerrado, the information available about medium and large-bodied mammals. We also highlight important sampling gaps, especially concerning the northern parts of both biomes that we need to address, as well as the differences in density of sampling points that are caused by a smaller concentration of sampling efforts in the Atlantic Forest than what we found in Cerrado. As a consequence, larger extensions of Cerrado present knowledge gaps concerning mammal surveys that need to be investigated in future research.
Resumo A Mata Atlântica e o Cerrado brasileiro abrigam uma enorme quantidade de espécies endêmicas e alta diversidade de espécies, especialmente de mamíferos de médio e grande porte. No entanto, não há uma avaliação em larga escala desses animais e de sua distribuição espacial. Nosso estudo sintetiza a literatura sobre levantamentos de mamíferos de médio e grande porte no Cerrado e na Mata Atlântica, com o objetivo de fornecer informações sobre suas distribuições em larga escala e identificar lacunas no conhecimento para guiar futuras pesquisas. Sintetizamos artigos publicados em três bases de dados, com foco em mamíferos com peso superior a 1 kg. Dos 84 artigos encontrados, a maioria (57,14%) tratava de mamíferos na Mata Atlântica, enquanto 42,85% abordavam mamíferos encontrados no Cerrado. Coletamos registros para 116 espécies, sendo as mais comuns Cerdocyon thous (Linnaeus, 1766), Procyon cancrivorus (Cuvier, 1798) e Chrysocyon brachyurus (Illiger, 1815) (Cerrado); Dasypus novemcinctus (Linnaeus, 1758), Cerdocyon thous (Linnaeus, 1766) e Nasua nasua (Linnaeus, 1766; Mata Atlântica). Nosso estudo também mostra as lacunas no levantamento especialmente em relação às distribuições ao norte dos biomas, que precisam ser resolvidas, assim como a diferença na densidade de pontos que é causada pela menor concentração de amostragens na Mata Atlântica do que o que encontramos no Cerrado. Como consequência, existem largas extensões do Cerrado que apresentam lacunas no levantamento de mamíferos que precisam ser investigados em pesquisas futuras.
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Objective:To explore the application value of PAX1/JAM3 methylation detection by cervical self-collected specimen in cervical cancer screening and the management of premenopausal and postmenopausal women.Method:This study is a single center cross-sectional study. From January 2023 to November 2023, cervical self-collected and physician-collected specimens at the colposcopy clinic were detected the PAX1/JAM3 methylation (PAX1 m/JAM3 m) testing. The consistency between self-collected and physician-collected specimens for PAX1 m/JAM3 m detection were compared based on histopathology. In addition, the clinical efficacy of methylation detection with high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV), liquid-based cytology (LBC), and their combination for cervical cancer screening were compared in the study. Results:A total of 301 women were recruited to undergo referral colposcopy examination, and statistical analysis was conducted on 272 women with pathological and diagnostic information. Among them, 102 cases (37.5%) were diagnosed as normal cervical tissue or chronic cervicitis, 72 cases (26.4%) were cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 1 (CIN1), 43 cases (15.8%) were CIN2, 29 cases (10.7%) were CIN3, and 26 cases (9.6%) were cervical cancer. According to the minimum quantity formula, they were divided into a consistency cohort of 81 participants and a validation cohort of 191 participants. The consistency between cervical self-collected and physician-collected specimens for detecting PAX1 m/JAM3 m. Results from spearman correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between the self-collected and physician-collected results of PAX1 m/JAM3 m detection, and the correlation coefficient R values are 0.858 ( P<0.001) and 0.828 ( P<0.001). The sensitivity and specificity of PAX1 m/JAM3 m detection for diagnosing CIN2 or more severe lesions (CIN2+) were 77.6% [95% confidence interval ( CI) 65.3%-86.4%] and 87.2% (95% CI 80.5%-91.9%), respectively. In clinical performance comparison, the sensitivity of PAX1 m/JAM3 m combined with HPV16/18 detection, 89.7% (95% CI 79.2%-95.2%), was the same as that of hrHPV detection in CIN2+and 96.0% (95% CI 80.4%-99.3%) in CIN3+, which is higher than 92.0% (95% CI 75.0%-97.8%) of hrHPV and 82.6% (95% CI 62.9%-93.0%) of LBC or the combination of sPAX1 m/JAM3 m and LBC low-grade and higher squamous intraepithelial lesion testing [87.0% (95% CI 67.9%-95.5%)]. Conclusions:Self-collected specimens by women for detection of PAX1 and JAM3 methylation as a promising screening tool for cervical cancer has operational and clinical feasibility. The methylation test can optimize the current cervical cancer screening plan, reduce the number of referral women with false positive diagnosis to colposcopy, and is of great significance for reducing fertility protection and preventing missed diagnosis in women of childbearing age.
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Objective To discuss the feasibility and safety of simultaneous bilateral adrenal vein sampling(AVS)using two 4F-MPA1 catheters via right elbow vein access.Methods A total of 51 consecutive patients with primary aldosteronism,who received simultaneous bilateral AVS using two 4F-MPA1 catheters(one of the two catheters was shaped into pig tail figure)via right elbow vein access at Xiangyang Municipal Central Hospital between October 2021 and October 2022,were enrolled in this study.The used catheter,the success rate of simultaneous bilateral AVS,and the incidence of complications rate were calculated.Results The 4F-MPA1 catheter was used for all of the right AVS,while a specially shaped 4F-MPA1 catheter was used for the main trunk vein AVS of the left adrenal gland and the central vein AVS of the left adrenal gland.The success rate of simultaneous bilateral AVS was 92.2%(47/51).Adrenal hematoma occurred in one patient(1.96%).Conclusion The technique of simultaneous bilateral AVS using two 4F-MPA1 catheters via right elbow vein access is simple to operate,less traumatic,and clinically safe and feasible.However,due to the small sample used in this study,the clinical value of this technique still needs further investigation and verification.
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Objective To provide a scientific benchmark for the era of population aging and improve the medical care environment for the elderly in terms of hospital facility accessibility.Methods A random sampling method was used to select 375 individuals from 10 healthcare institutions in a specified city as survey participants from December 2022 to February 2023.A total of 375 questionnaires titled"Comprehensive Rating Scale for Patient Experience in Medical Facilities(Accessibility Category)"were distributed among the participants,with 356 valid responses received and subjected to reliability and validity assessments.The questionnaire included 6 accessibility indicators,each rated from 1 to 10,to evaluate the accessibility level of healthcare fa-cilities.The acquired data was analyzed using the Rank Sum Ratio method and the Four Quadrants model.Results The average score for building accessibility in the city's medical institutions was 35.86,with several indicators at a moderate level,indicating a need for an improvement of the facility accessibility.Meanwhile,the economic operational status of various medical institutions appeared to influence the implementation of accessibility features,which also correlated with local government construction plan-ning,staff awareness of accessible infrastructure,and other factors.Conclusion Medical facilities in cities could implement bar-rier-free modifications in parking,toilets,and other areas,improve the use of accessible AI technology,and develop intelligent medical scenarios in order to meet the challenges of an aging society,improve the medical care quality for the elderly,and reduce social security cost.The governments should accelerate the improvement of supportive policies and regulations and bolster support for the accessibility enhancements.Higher education and research institutions can collaborate with healthcare providers for innova-tive integration of industry academia,research,and application,fostering the conversion of research into practical solutions.
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The disposable sterile urethral catheter was described in terms of the current status of the standards of foreign countries and China and its regulation and registration.The national supervision and sampling inspection and exploratory research of the disposable sterile urethral catheter in 2018,2019 and 2021 were introduced,and the problems found and the causes were analyzed and then the countermeasures were proposed accordingly.References were provided for guiding and standardizing the development of catheter products industry.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2024,45(1):84-88]
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Objective To investigate the implementation of surveillance,prevention and control measures for healthcare-associated infection(HAI)in maternal and child healthcare(MCH)institutions,and provide policy evi-dence for optimizing HAI prevention and control in MCH institutions.Methods Stratified sampling was conducted among the MCH institutions at provincial,municipal and county levels in 8 provinces/autonomous regions.A uni-fied questionnaire was designed and the online survey was conducted through"Questionnaire Star".Results The data from 123 MCH institutions were included in the analysis.90.24％of the MCH institutions carried out compre-hensive surveillance on HAI.The ratios of MCH institutions which implemented targeted surveillance on HAI in neonatal intensive care unit(NICU),surgical site infection,multidrug-resistant organisms(MDROs)and HAI in intensive care units(non-NICU excluded)were 89.66％,85.96％,80.77％,and 74.19％,respectively.51.22％MCH institutions adopted information surveillance system on HAI cases.94.31％MCH institutions carried out surveillance on hand hygiene compliance.Over 90％MCH institutions carried out surveillance on environment hy-giene in high-risk departments.71.54％MCH institutions conducted centralized cleaning,disinfection,sterilization and supply for reusable medical instruments in the central sterile supply department(CSSD).Over 90％MCH insti-tutions established three-level pre-examination triage systems.86.18％set up transitional wards.MCH institutions generally adopted a management model with established effective communication,full appointment visits,and sepa-rate visits for special medical groups,such as registered pregnant women,high-risk newborns,healthcare groups,and long-term rehabilitation patients.However,the ratio of institutions conducting on-line follow-up visits was less than 50％.Conclusion MCH institutions have generally carried out comprehensive and targeted surveillance on HAI.Information surveillance need to be facilitated.Hand hygiene and environmental hygiene surveillance has been popularized to a certain extent at all levels of MCH institutions.The cleaning,disinfection,sterilization,and supply processes of reusable medical devices in a few MCH institutions are not standardized.Special medical populations get effective management.On-line healthcare is to be further promoted.
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Background : Presence of thalassaemia is considered high risk in pregnancy. The present study find out the role of antenatal and intrapartum care to improve the outcome of pregnancy in thalassaemia. Materials and Method : The prospective longitudinal study was carried out on 25 patients. CBC, LFT, Ferritin, Hb electrophoresis, serial USG was done. Chorionic villous sampling was offered to thalassaemic women to decrease the number of babies born with Thalassaemia. Furthermore, management and treatment options provided to mother to overcome the incidence of maternal and neonatal complications during current pregnancy. Results : 44% of thalassaemic pregnant women had HbE ? thalassaemia, 8% ? thalassaemia major and others had thalassaemia carriers, while only 20% of their partners showed ? thalassaemia trait. All patients were anemic and during delivery mean Hb% were 8.42 g/dl, MCH 22.09 pg, MCV 73.56 fl, MCHC 29.86 g/dl and ferritin 241.51 ng/ ml. Third trimester USG exhibited 32% developed IUGR (Intrauterine growth restriction). 40% patients received blood transfusion after delivery. ? thalassaemia trait was identified in 20% babies at 6 month. Conclusion : Postpartum haemorrhage is a major complication of thalassaemia in pregnancy. After delivery a thorough neonatal check-up and haematological work-up is important for prevention of neonatal mortality and early detection of thalassaemia.
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Background & objectives: Female genital tuberculosis (FGTB) is an important variety of extrapulmonary TB causing significant morbidity, especially infertility, in developing countries like India. The aim of this study was to evaluate the laparoscopic findings of the FGTB. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study on 374 cases of diagnostic laparoscopy performed on FGTB cases with infertility. All patients underwent history taking and clinical examination and endometrial sampling/biopsy for acid-fast bacilli, microscopy, culture, PCR, GeneXpert (only last 167 cases) and histopathological evidence of epithelioid granuloma. Diagnostic laparoscopy was performed in all the cases to evaluate the findings of FGTB. Results: Mean age, parity, body mass index and duration of infertility were 27.5 yr, 0.29, 22.6 kg/m2 and 3.78 years, respectively. Primary infertility was found in 81 per cent and secondary infertility in 18.18 per cent of cases. Endometrial biopsy was positive for AFB microscopy in 4.8 per cent, culture in 6.4 per cent and epithelioid granuloma in 15.5 per cent. Positive peritoneal biopsy granuloma was seen in 5.88 per cent, PCR in 314 (83.95%) and GeneXpert in 31 (18.56%, out of last 167 cases) cases. Definite findings of FGTB were seen in 164 (43.86%) cases with beaded tubes (12.29%), tubercles (32.88%) and caseous nodules (14.96%). Probable findings of FGTB were seen in 210 (56.14%) cases with pelvic adhesions (23.52%), perihepatic adhesions (47.86%), shaggy areas (11.7%), pelvic adhesions (11.71%), encysted ascites (10.42%) and frozen pelvis in 3.7 per cent of cases. Interpretation & conclusions: The finding of this study suggests that laparoscopy is a useful modality to diagnose FGTB with a higher pickup rate of cases. Hence it should be included as a part of composite reference standard.
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Los estudios de corte transversal (ECT) inician en la década de los 40 en países Europeos. Los ECT corresponden a investigaciones de tipo observacional que permiten estudiar prevalencia de enfermedad, determinar asociación entre variables y el desarrollo de un efecto de interés, conocer propiedades de una prueba diagnóstica, y censar poblaciones; describiendo las características de una población en un momento y lugar determinado. Esto implica, que no se requieren periodos de seguimiento, que no son prospectivos ni retrospectivos; características que permiten que sean más baratos y fáciles de realizar en relación a los estudios longitudinales. Por otro lado, al ser de carácter descriptivo sirven como insumo y evidencia preliminar para estudios de mayor complejidad metodológica, como estudios de cohortes. Sin embargo, tienen limitantes y sesgos que deben ser considerados por los investigadores. El objetivo de este manuscrito fue generar un documento de estudio para revisar características esenciales, fortalezas y debilidades; discutir cuestiones metodológicas de los ECT en ciencias de la salud; y proporcionar algunos ejemplos obtenidos de la literatura, para mejor comprensión del diseño.
SUMMARY: Cross-sectional studies (CSS) began European countries in the 1940s in. The CSSs correspond to observational-type investigations that allow studying the prevalence of disease, determining the association between variables and the development of an effect of interest, discovering the properties of a diagnostic test, and censusing populations, describing the characteristics of a population at a given time and place. This implies that follow-up periods are not required, and that they are neither prospective nor retrospective. These characteristics allow them to be cheaper and easier to perform in relation to longitudinal studies. On the other hand, being descriptive in nature, they serve as input and preliminary evidence for studies of greater methodological complexity, such as cohort studies. However, they have limitations and biases that must be considered by researchers. The aim of this manuscript was to generate a study document to review essential characteristics, strengths and weaknesses; discuss methodological issues of ECT in health sciences; and provide some examples obtained from the literature, for a better understanding of the design.
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Humains , Plan de recherche , Études transversales , Anatomie/méthodes , Biais de sélection , Prévalence , Études observationnelles comme sujetRésumé
Introducción: la medición del capital intelectual como activo intangible se ha establecido a partir de una escala de seis dimensiones relacionada con formación, academia, laboral, profesional, sindical y organizativa. La pandemia ha generado estudios que muestran diferencias significativas entre estas dimensiones, abriendo la discusión sobre la validez metaanalítica. Objetivo: realizar una revisión documental, sistemática y metaanalítica, con una muestra de artículos publicados entre 2014 y 2021 en revistas indexadas en repositorios internacionales. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio documental, sistemático y metaanalítico sobre una muestra de artículos publicados en repositorios internacionales en los últimos dos años. Se utilizó la Escala de Capital Intelectual, considerando sus dimensiones reportadas en la literatura. Resultados: se estableció la estructura y los umbrales de los efectos aleatorios, calculados mediante la ecuación para establecer el parámetro delta, considerando sus intervalos de confianza para la corrección de errores de muestreo y estimación, así como las diferencias entre grupos. Conclusión: se recomienda extender la revisión de la literatura hasta agosto de 2021, para poder contrastar ambas revisiones, y establecer así la validez metaanalítica de la escala, y discutir sus implicaciones en la era COVID-19.
Introduction: the measurement of intellectual capital as an intangible asset has been established from a scale of six dimensions related to training, academia; labor, professional, union, and organizational. The pandemic has generated studies that show significant differences between these dimensions, opening the discussion on meta-analytic validity. Objective: to carry out a documentary, systematic and meta-analytical review with a sample of articles published from 2014 to 2021 in journals indexed in international repositories. Materials and methods: a documentary, systematic and meta-analytical study was carried out on a sample of articles published in international repositories in the last two years. The Intellectual Capital Scale was used, considering its dimensions reported in the literature. Results: the structure and thresholds of the random effects were established, calculated by means of the equation to establish the delta parameter, considering their confidence intervals for correction of sampling and estimation errors, as well as differences between groups. Conclusion: it is recommended to extend the review of the literature until August 2021 in order to be able to contrast both reviews to establish the meta-analytic validity of the scale and discuss its implications in the COVID-19 era.
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OBJECTIVE To establish the estimation model for the exposure of mycophenolic acid （MPA） in early renal transplant recipients [calculated by the area under the plasma concentration-time curve with 12 h （AUC0－12 h）]. METHODS Twenty kidney transplant recipients， who received triple immunosuppressive therapy of mycophenolate mofetil （MMF）+tacrolimus+ methylprednisolone， were selected and given MMF dispersible tablets （750 mg， q12 h） on the 15th day after the operation； the blood samples were collected from the patients before and 0.5， 1.0， 1.5， 2.0， 3.0， 4.0， 6.0， 8.0， 12.0 hours after the administration， respectively. The blood concentration of MPA was determined， and the pharmacokinetic parameters of MPA were calculated. The multivariate linear stepwise regression analysis method was used to fit an estimation formula for the finite sampling method suitable for MPA-AUC0－12 h of the recipients. Bland-Altman analysis was used to evaluate the agreement between the estimation formula and the classical pharmacokinetic method. RESULTS The main pharmacokinetic parameters of MPA in 20 renal transplant recipients： c0 was （1.53±0.84） μg/mL， cmax was （12.07±5.97） μg/mL， t1/2 was （5.41±3.67） h， tmax was （1.58±0.75） h， and the average AUC0－12 h calculated by the classical pharmacokinetic method was （33.95±13.40） μg·h/mL. MPA-AUC0－12 h was estimated with sampling points of “4.0， 8.0， 12.0 h”； the simplified calculation formula was AUC0－12 h＝12.058+2.819c4.0+7.045c8.0+ 3.879c12.0 （R 2＝0.934）. The predicted value had a good correlation and consistency with the measured value， and 95.0% of predicted values did not exceed the x±1.96SD （standard deviation） range. CONCLUSIONS The estimation model is established successfully for the exposure of MPA in early renal transplant recipients； the model has better prediction accuracy and fewer sampling points.
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@#Cushing′s syndrome(CS)is a clinical syndrome caused by a variety of causes, with main manifestations exhibited by central obesity, purple skin striae, hypertension, and diabetes. In patients with adrenocorticotropic hormone(ACTH)-dependent CS, the result of bilateral inferior petrosal sinus sampling(BIPSS)is the gold standard for determining the source of ACTH in the absence of routine imaging findings.However, the indications, contraindications, operating procedures, precautions and outcome judgments of BIPSS differ from one medical center to another, and there are currently no international and domestic clinical guidelines and expert consensus on BIPSS. In order to further improve the operation specifications of BIPSS in the diagnosis process of difficult CS, the Hypothalamic and Pituitary Disease Group of the China Alliance for Rare Diseases and the Innovation Center of Pituitary Diseases of Peking Union Medical College Hospital organized experts in endocrinology, interventional radiology, neurosurgery and laboratory in China to formulate this consensus. This consensus aims to provide standardized methodological guidance for the use of BIPSS in the differential diagnostic process of CS in clinical practice.
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【Objective】 To conduct the laboratory quality assessment between 12 blood stations in Hebei province, analyze the results and explore the accuracy and comparability of testing, so as to improve the level of testing ability and quality management. 【Methods】 With reference to the external quality assessment rules of National Center for Clinical Laboratories and combined with the instructions of quality assessment samples, daily testing process of the laboratories were assessed. The quality indicators include blood cell count (WBC, RBC, Hb, HCT, MCV, MCH, MCHC and PLT), biochemical items (TP) and coagulation parameters (FIB and FⅧ). 【Results】 There are still problems in laboratories in terms of personnel operation, instrument maintenance and the impact of different reagent batches, especially in biochemical items and coagulation parameters. The pass rate of biochemical items was the lowest, only 72.75%, and that of blood cell count was the highest, reaching 98.75%. 【Conclusion】 With the progress of the project, the quality monitoring level of daily blood sampling tests in the quality control laboratory of each blood station has been improved. However, it is still necessary for each laboratory to improve the testing ability and quality management to a higher level in Hebei.
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【Objective】 To evaluate the effectiveness of random quality control sampling in blood sample detetion by ELISA. 【Methods】 Blood samples of 5 mL specification of blood donors from our blood station from May to July 2022 were selected for routine operation on a fully automated sampler. J standard substances(3 mL specification) as daily samples were added to A1 well, H12 well and random wells of HBsAg, anti-HCV, anti-HIV, and -TP, and then placed in a fully automated enzyme immunoassay analyzer for testing. With random well quality control as the internal quality control judgment standard, 20 consecutive tests were conducted and were divided into A1 (well) group, H12 (well) group and random (well) group according to different well positions. Quality control maps were drawn using Levey-Jennings quality control chart with random group as the framework, and were compared with the quality control map of A1 well and H12 well results in the same day. 【Results】 The mean quality control levels of infectious indicators of blood transfusion in blood donors by ELISA were: HBsAg 3.87±0.28, anti-HCV 3.79±0.38, anti-HIV 3.64±0.30 and anti-TP 4.53±0.51. 【Comparison】 of HBsAg, anti-HCV, anti-HIV and anti-TP, between random group, A1 group and H12 group were HBsAg 3.87± 0.28 vs 4.09±0.30 vs 3.64±0.26, anti-HCV 3.78±0.37 vs 3.96±0.38 vs 3.63±0.38, anti-HIV 3.63±0.31 vs 3.82±0.32 vs 3.48±0.28 and anti-TP 4.51±0.51 vs 4.71±0.52 vs 4.36±0.51, The S/CO value of each indicator were H12 group<random group<Al group (P<0.05), and the mean quality control levels of random group were similar to each detection indicator (P>0.05) . Using random group as the quality control framework standard, 5 points in group A1 fell outside of +2s, and 1 point in group H12 fell outside of -2s, resulting in a total of 6 alarms. With the quality control substance placed in A1 well of the ELISA plate, the judgment of detection results of the entire ELISA plate could be inevitably affected, especially the last row of low concentration virus marker samples on the ELISA plate. 【Conclusion】 The application of random quality control sampling method in donor blood by ELISA is scientific and reasonable, which can reduce the systematic error caused by artificial setting of ELISA plate fixed well positions and can also discover edge effects that affect the detection results.
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【Objective】 To form the sampling data interval by retrospectively analyzing the sampling data of quality monitoring of fresh frozen plasma, cryoprecipitates and leukocyte-free platelets in all blood stations in Hebei Province during the past 7 years. 【Methods】 The data of blood component sampling from 12 blood station quality control laboratories in Hebei from 2015 to 2021 were collected. The FⅧ content and plasma protein content of fresh frozen plasma, the FⅧ content and fibrinogen content of cryoprecipitates, and the leukocyte residuals, red blood cell mixed and platelet content of leukocyte-free platelets were taken as the objects for discrete point and fitted curve analysis. 【Results】 The FⅧ level of fresh frozen plasma: (1.36±1.1) IU/mL, 5 blood stations showed a representative overall high or low or fluctuated characteristics; Fresh frozen plasm-plasma protein items: overall mean ±SD: (61.13±16.7) g/L, four blood stations showed scattered distribution or continuous high value scattered points; Cryoprecipitates FⅧ: the overall mean ±SD: (134.25±58.7) IU/mL, four blood stations showed the differentiation characteristics of continuous high, low or stable in the middle; Cryoprecipitates-fibrinogen items: the overall mean ±SD: (215.27±83.5) mg, five blood stations showed the overall high or low and fluctuated. Leukocyte-free apheresis platelet-to-leukocyte residual items: overall mean ±SD: 0.37±0.96 (×106/bag), two blood stations showed a relatively high representative overall characteristics, and the rest were concentrated between 0 and 1; The total mean ±SD of platelet-to-red blood cell mixture without leukocyte was 2.45±2.82 (×109/bag), with obvious segmented concentrated distribution, and scattered distribution in 3 blood centers. Platelet content: the overall mean ±SD was 3.14±1.55 (×1011/bag), many deviations were noticed in 3 blood stations, and 1 blood station showed representative overall high characteristics. 【Conclusion】 This analysis shows that the distribution status of each blood station in different items is similar. The distribution status of discrete point groups and the change trend of the concentrated part of the fitting curve show that there are some differences in the monitoring level between the quality control laboratories of each blood station, and the update of detection instruments and reagents and the selection of detection methods greatly affect the test results. The summary data presented the index interval framework formed in the past 7 years, which helped to understand the difference between the results of each laboratory, correct the accuracy of the test results, better play the guiding role of quality monitoring in the blood preparation process, and continue to enhance the standardization of the whole process of blood collection and supply in the province.
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Aromatic amine compounds are diverse, widely used, and highly toxic. They mainly exist in aerosol and vapor in workplace air. Occupational poisoning incidents caused by aromatic amine compounds occur from time to time. In China, occupational exposure limits have been established for only 11 aromatic amine compounds, with supporting detection methods developed only for four compounds： aniline, N-methylaniline, N,N-dimethylaniline, and p-nitroaniline. Most of the highly toxic and hazardous aromatic amine compounds do not have specific limit. Currently, regular sampling mediums for detecting aromatic amine compounds in the workplace air are absorbing solution, filter membrane, silica gel, and poly(styrene-divinylbenzene) resin. Regular detection methods are gas chromatography, liquid chromatography, fluorescence detection, and chromatography-mass spectrometry. However, these methods are mostly designed for detecting individual compounds or their specific forms, and there is a need to develop a detection method that can detect aromatic amine compounds existing in aerosol and vapor form simultaneously using a novel composite sampling tube.
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Abstract Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn. Ex Benth. (Fabaceae), a non-native pioneer species in Brazil with fast growth and rusticity, is used in restoration programs. Our goal was to assess during a 24-month survey the pattern of arthropods (phytophagous insects, bees, spiders, and predator insects) on the leaf surfaces of A. auriculiformis saplings. Fourteen species of phytophagous, two of bees and eleven of predators were most abundant on the adaxial surface. The values of the ecological indexes (abundance, diversity, and species richness) and the rarefaction, and k-dominance curves of phytophagous, bees and arthropod predators were highest on the adaxial leaf surface of A. auriculiformis. The k-dominance and abundance of Aleyrodidae (Hemiptera) (both leaf surfaces), the native stingless bee Tetragonisca angustula Latreille (Hymenoptera: Apidae) (both leaf surfaces) and the ant Brachymyrmex sp. (adaxial surface) and Pheidole sp. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) (abaxial surface) were the highest between the taxonomic groups of phytophagous, bees, and predators, respectively on A. auriculiformis saplings. The ecological indexes and rarefaction, abundance, and k-dominance curves of phytophagous insects, bees, and predators were highest on the adaxial leaf surface. The preference of phytophagous insects for the adaxial leaf surface is probably due to the lower effort required to move on this surface. Understanding the arthropod preferences between leaf surfaces may help to develop sampling and pest management plans for the most abundant phytophagous insects on A. auriculiformis saplings. Also, knowledge on the preference pattern of bees and predators may be used to favour their conservation.
Resumo Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn. Ex Benth. (Fabaceae), espécie pioneira com rápido crescimento e rusticidade, é utilizada em programas de recuperação de áreas degradadas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar, durante 24 meses, o padrão de distribuição de artrópodes (insetos fitófagos, abelhas, aranhas e insetos predadores) nas superfícies foliares de A. auriculiformis. Quatorze espécies de fitófagos, duas de abelhas e onze de predadores foram mais abundantes na superfície adaxial. Índices ecológicos (abundância, diversidade e riqueza de espécies) e curvas de rarefação e dominância-k de fitófagos, abelhas e artrópodes predadores foram maiores na face adaxial de folhas de A. auriculiformis. A dominância-k e a abundância de Aleyrodidae (Hemiptera) (ambas as superfícies foliares), da abelha nativa sem ferrão Tetragonisca angustula Latreille (Hymenoptera: Apidae) (ambas as superfícies foliares) e das formigas Brachymyrmex sp. (superfície adaxial) e Pheidole sp. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) (superfície abaxial) foram as maiores entre os grupos taxonômicos de fitófagos polinizadores e predadores, respectivamente, em plantas jovens de A. auriculiformis. A abundância, diversidade e riqueza e as curvas de rarefação e dominância-k de artrópodes fitófagos, abelhas e predadores foram maiores nas superfícies adaxiais das folhas dessa árvore. A preferência pela superfície adaxial da folha se deve, provavelmente, ao menor esforço para se movimentarem na mesma. Compreender as preferências dos artrópodes pelas superfícies foliares pode auxiliar no desenvolvimento de planos de amostragem e manejo de pragas em A. auriculiformis. Além disso, o conhecimento da distribuição de abelhas e predadores pode favorecer a conservação desses insetos.
Sujets)
Animaux , Fourmis , Arthropodes , Acacia , Abeilles , Feuilles de plante , InsectesRésumé
Abstract Like other meiofaunal organisms, tardigrades suffer from a significant knowledge gap concerning many aspects of their biodiversity. The lack of an up-to-date digital collection with all species and details of limnoterrestrial and freshwater tardigrades in South and Central America is one of the most critical gaps to be filled. Therefore, the present work aims to develop a database containing all valid species of limnoterrestrial and freshwater tardigrades from South and Central America found until 2023 and provide open access to the results. Data for each species were obtained directly from the literature using Google Scholar and the website tardigrada.net. This compiled data resulted in the creation of a database with the species name, author and year of species description, genus, family, class, type country, type location, coordinates (longitude and latitude), if it is aquatic and/or limnoterrestrial, substrate where it was found, the country and location of collection, and manuscript containing the species identification. Furthermore, the coordinates of each occurrence were plotted on maps with political-administrative boundaries and Neotropical and Andean biogeographic regions. In addition, statistical analysis was performed related to the geographic distribution of the sampling effort. From the literature, 2157 records of valid non-marine Tardigrada species, endemic or not, were computed. From these records, 271 species of tardigrades have been identified in the two regions combined, with 223 species in South America and 129 species in Central America. We were able to show that there are still many biases in the sampling of tardigrades in the Neotropical and Andean regions and that further studies are needed on the biogeography of these meiofaunal organisms in these biogeographic regions. We expect this database to help better understand the richness and distribution patterns of limnoterrestrial and aquatic tardigrade species in Central and South America.
Resumo Tardígrados, assim como outros organismos meiofaunais, possuem uma lacuna de conhecimento significativa acerca de muitos aspectos da sua biodiversidade. A inexistência de um acervo digital, e atualizado, com todas as espécies e detalhes de tardígrados limnoterrestres e aquáticos na América Central e Sul é uma das lacunas mais importantes a serem preenchidas. Dessa maneira, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo elaborar e disponibilizar, de maneira gratuita, um banco de dados contendo todas as espécies válidas de tardígrados limnoterrestres e aquáticos das América do Sul e América Central encontradas até 2023. Os dados de cada espécie foram obtidos diretamente na literatura, utilizando o Google Scholar e o site tardigrada.net. Com todos esses dados compilados, foi elaborado um banco de dados com nome da espécie, autor e ano de descrição da espécie, gênero, família, classe, país tipo, local tipo, coordenadas (longitude e latitude), se é aquático e/ou limnoterrestre, substrato onde foi encontrado, país coletado, local de coleta e manuscrito com a identificação da espécie. Ademais, as coordenadas obtidas de cada ocorrência foram plotadas em mapas das fronteiras político-administrativas e das regiões biogeográficas Neotropical e Andina. Além disso, uma análise estatística quanto à distribuição geográfica do esforço amostral foi feita. Da literatura, foram computados 2157 registros de espécies válidas de tardígrados limnoterrestre, endêmicas ou não. Desses registros, foram descobertas, até hoje, 271 espécies de tardígrados entre as duas regiões, com 223 espécies na América do Sul e 129 espécies na América Central. Foi possível demonstrar que ainda há muito viés na amostragem de tardígrados nas regiões Neotropical e Andina, e mais estudos acerca da biogeografia desses organismos meiofaunais nessas regiões biogeográficas são necessários. A partir desse banco de dados, espera-se contribuir para um maior entendimento da riqueza e dos padrões de distribuição de espécies de tardígrados limnoterrestres e aquáticos nas América Central e Sul.