Herbal Textual Research on Scorpio in Famous Classical Formulas and Its Resource Status / 中国实验方剂学杂志

By reviewing the materia medica， medical books and scripture history， combining modern and contemporary literature and field investigation， this paper systematically reviewed the name， origin， scientific name， producing area， quality， harvesting and processing of Scorpio in famous classical formulas to clarify the relationship between ancient and modern times and provide a reference basis for the development of related famous classical formulas. After the textual research， it can be seen that there are many names of Scorpio， and most of the materia medica use Xie or Quanxie as the official name. The origin of Scorpio used in the past dynasties is Buthus martensii， which is the same in ancient and modern times. B. martensii is mainly distributed in the central and eastern parts of China， as well as Mongolia， Korea and other places， located in East Asia. Therefore， pharmaceutical workers in China mostly continue to use the early Chinese name， that is， Dongya Qianxie， while modern Scorpiones taxonomists set its Chinese name as Mashi Zhengqianxie. In order to maintain the stability and continuity of the origin of Scorpio， the previous editions of Chinese Pharmacopoeia have always used the name of B. martensii. The geo-authentic producing area of Scorpio， which has been respected in the past dynasties， was Qingzhou， Shandong. Until the Republic of China， due to the different processing methods in the production area， the geo-authentic producing area expanded to Yu county， Henan， with Yu county as the distribution center， the best quality of Scorpio is produced by boiling in clear water and drying after boiling. The origin processing of Scorpio is mainly divided into clean water and salt water boiling and then drying， where the method of boiling with salt water was first described in Bencao Yuanshi， the purpose is antiseptic and suitable for storage， and the salt should be washed away when used clinically. There are few processing methods of Scorpio， in ancient times， it was used for roasting or frying after removing the feet， in modern times， it is mostly to remove impurities， wash and dry. Scorpio is not only used for medicinal purposes， but also has the habit of eating in many areas， so the consumption of resources is relatively large， and it is still mainly harvested from the wild， resulting in the decrease of wild resources year by year. Based on the research conclusion， it is recommended that B. martensii， which is produced in Qingzhou， Luyi or Yuzhou， should be used in the the development of famous classical formulas containing Scorpio， and the origin processing is preferable to be dried after boiling with water， and the processing specification should be selected as raw products. And B. martensii in geo-authentic producing areas was used as the seed source to establish a standardized breeding base to ensure the sustainable development of the resources of Scorpio.

Discrimination of Periplaneta americana and other insectivorous herbs by FTIR spectroscopy combined with chemometrics / 中草药

Objective: To establish a method for the identification of the Periplaneta americana and other insectivorous herbs (Scorpio and Hirudo) based on infrared spectroscopy combined with chemometrics, and to provide a basis for the identification of the P. americana. Methods: Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to collect the infrared spectrum data of three kinds of insect medicine powders. After the second order derivation of the obtained spectral data, the ordinate verticalization method and standardization method were used to optimize the spectrum. The spectral data was further analyzed by chemometrics, such as hierar chicalcluster analysis (HCA), principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). Results: There were differences in the infrared fingerprints of the P. americanas, Scorpios, Leeches. The absorption peaks of the P. americanas at 1 711, 1 410, and 712 cm-1 were obvious. The absorption peaks of the Scorpios at 1 753, 1 400, 1 168, and 717 cm-1 were obvious. The absorption peaks of the Leeches at 1 558, 1 457, 1 400, and 669 cm-1 were obvious, And the leeches have no absorption peak at 1 753-1 711 cm-1. The peak shape of the three insectivorous herbs was significantly different at 1 800-1 700 cm-1. In the second derivative spectrum, the positions of the main peaks are the same, but the intensity of the common peaks is different. Using the HCA analysis method, it was found that the three insectivorous herbs could be quickly distinguished. The PCA and PLS-DA analysis methods were used to find that the three insectivorous herbs were distributed in different regions. Conclusion: Infrared spectroscopy combined with chemometrics can easily and quickly identify the P. americanas and other insectivorous herbs (Scorpios and Leeches), and provide reference for the quality control and evaluation of P. americanas.

The inhibitive effects of the protein active composition of Scorpio on apoptosis of L1210 tumor cells / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective To investigate the effects of protein active composition of Scorpio on apoptosis of L1210 tumor cells for the purpose of establishing the quality evaluation method of biological effect of Scorpio. Methods L1210 cells were examined by trypan blue exclusion. The proliferation of cells was determined by improved MTT assay. Flow cytometry was performed to analyze cell apoptosis with propidium iodide (PI). Results When the concentration of protein active composition of Scorpio exceeded or equaled 37 mg/ml, the coefficient correlation of the growth inhibiting curve of L1210 cells was 0.9357, and IC50 was 175 mg/ml. The excellence time was 0 to 48 hours. When the concentration of protein active composition of Scorpio exceeded or equaled 9.25 mg/ml, the apoptosis ratio of L1210 cells was raised significantly.Conclusion The protein active composition of Scorpio might promote the apoptosis and restrain the proliferation of L1210 cells. The value of anti-tumor biological effect of the protein active composition of Scorpio was 9.25 ～ 175 mg/ml. This value may be one of the indexes for quality evaluation of biological effect of Scorpio.

The Mid to Long Term Results of PCL Substitution Type Total Knee Arthroplasty with Using a Scorpio(R) system (Comparison with or without Patella Resurfacing)

PURPOSE: The purposes of this study were to evaluate the clinical results of performing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) with using the posterior substitution (PS) type Scorpio(R) system and to compare the clinical results of the patellar resurfacing group with those of the patellar non-resurfacing group. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 72 TKAs in 51 patients with minimum 7 years' follow-up were evaluated in terms of flexion contracture, the range of motion, the Hospital for Specific Surgery (HSS) knee score and the radiologic findings. We compared the clinical results of 42 cases in 31 patients with patellar resurfacing with those of 30 cases in 20 patients without patellar resurfacing. RESULTS: Flexion contracture, the range of motion and the HSS knee scores were significantly improved after the TKAs. Radiolucencies were found in 14% of the cases on the anteroposterior views of the tibia and in 11% on the lateral views of the femur. One case of aseptic loosening was observed during the follow-up period. There were no significant differences of clinical results between the patellar resurfacing TYAs and the without patellar resurfacing TKAs. CONCLUSION: We achieved favorable results when performing TKAs with the PS type Scorpio(R) system during mid to long term follow-up. There was no significant difference of clinical results between the patellar resurfacing and non resurfacing groups in our study.

A Comparison of the Functional Results of High-Flex Total Knee Arthroplasty: LPS-Flex vs. Scorpio-Flex TKA / 대한정형외과학회잡지

PURPOSE: This study compared the clinical and functional results of LPS-Flex with those of Scorpio-Flex TKA. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty cases of High-Flex TKA (24 LPS-Flex and 26 Scorpio-Flex) were analyzed retrospectively. All the procedures were performed during the same period by the senior author and the patients were followed-up for more than 5 years. A functional evaluation was performed by a questionnaire on the high flexion-related activities, including cross-leg sitting, squatting, standing from the floor, standing from a chair and ascending and descending stairs. Each function was classified by the patients into five grades. The clinical evaluation included the range of motion, the Knee Society Knee Score and Function Score (KSKS & KSFS), the WOMAC score and the patient's satisfaction score. RESULTS: The functional evaluation showed a better result in the LPS-Flex group for the cross-leg sitting function (p=0.039) but there was no difference in the other functions. The clinical evaluation showed more flexion in the LPS-Flex group than that in the Scorpio-Flex group (p=0.044) but there were no difference in the KSKS, KSFS, WOMAC score and the patient's satisfaction score. CONCLUSION: LPS-Flex TKA showed better functional results for cross-leg sitting than did Scorpio-Flex TKA. This difference was attributed to the LPS-Flex group having more flexion than that of in the Scorpio-Flex group.

Result of PCL Substitution Type Total Knee Arthroplasty with Scorpio(R) System (minimum 3-year follow up) / 대한정형외과학회잡지

PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical and radiologic result of total knee arthroplasty using Scorpio. total knee system retrospectively. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between January 1999 and December 2001, 71 knees in 51 patients who had been followed up mean 3.6 years (minimum 3.0 years) after total knee arthroplasty with Scorpio(R) system (posterior substitution type) were evaluated retrospectively for clinical result, active range of motion, flexion contracture and radiologic result. RESULTS: The average active range of motion increased from 108degrees (75-144degrees) preoperatively to 120degrees(90-144degrees) at last follow up. The average flexion contracture improved from 12degrees(0-30degrees) preoperatively to 2degrees(0-13degrees) at last follow up. The average HSS knee score was measured 54 preoperatively and was measured 88 postoperatively. There was no difference in clinical result, active range of motion and flexion contracture between resurfaced patella group and nonresurfaced patella group. Radiologic evaluation revealed radiolucency rate of 11% in Tibia anteroposterior view and 10% in femur. Complications were periprostheitc fracture in one case, deep infection in one case and peroneal nerve palsy in one case. In one case, femoral and tibial component migration due to aseptic loosening was noted. Revision of tibial and femoral component was done. CONCLUSION: The 3.6 years follow up results of Scorpio(R) system (posterior substitution type) were excellent in range of motion and function. There was no difference between resurfaced patella group and nonresurfaced patella group in clinical result.

Short-term Clinical Results of Total Knee Arthroplasty using Scorpio Design

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the short-term results of total knee arthroplasty using Scorpio design. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Of one hundred thirty knees (75 patients) that were available for review at more than 12 months, 72 knees had been treated with use of a Scorpio PS design (Scorpio group) and evaluated at a mean of 20.2 months and 58 knees with use of a Scorpio SuperFlex design (SuperFlex group) and evaluated at a mean of 13.4 months. RESULTS: The mean Knee Society knee score was 90.8 points in the Scorpio group and 91.1 points in the SuperFlex group at the time of latest follow-up. As assessed at 6 month follow-up evaluation, the mean arc of active flexion was greater in SuperFlex group (119.1 vs 114. 7 degrees). However, there were no statistically significant differences in the mean arc of active flexion between the Scorpio group (119.2 degrees) and the SuperFlex group (121.3 degrees) at the time of last follow-up. CONCLUSION: There are favorable short-term results in primary total knee arthroplasy using either Scorpio PS or Scorpio SuperFlex PS design. There was no significant advantage of the SuperFlex PS design in optimizing active deep flexion as compared with Scorpio PS design at the time of last follow-up.