Prevalence of smartphone addiction and its association with depression, anxiety among university students, Baghdad 2023

Background: Smartphones have simplified our lives and become essential, yet excessive usage may lead to "smartphone addiction". Global youth smartphone addiction is a growing public health concern. Research examines smartphone addiction, depression, anxiety, and depression among university of Baghdad medical and non-medical students. Compare 2 student groups' smartphone addiction rates. Correlate smartphone addiction, anxiety, and depression. Methods: Comparative cross-sectional research included 383 university of Baghdad students from four colleges. The research included undergraduate university students for a random sampling. From March to June 2023, the smartphone addiction scale-short version (SAS-SV), Beck's depression inventory (BDI), Beck's anxiety inventory (BAI), and sociodemographic were self-reported. Results: This survey comprised 383 students, 188 (49.1%) from medical institutions and 195 (50.9%) from non-medical colleges. Their ages varied from 18-25, with a mean of 20.8�8 years. Most were 20-21 (37.9%) and 260 (67.9%) females. According to SAS-SV cutoffs, 45.17% of medical students and 39.5% of non-medical students were smartphone addicts. Depression affected 38.37% of individuals, ranging from mild (10.7%) to moderate (17.75%) to severe-very severe (9.92%). Survey revealed 50.65% had little anxiety, 31.07 moderate anxiety, and 18.28% severe anxiety. Smartphone addiction significantly correlated with anxiety (p=0.0001) and sadness (p=0.008). Smartphone addiction, anxiety (r=0.29), and depression (r=0.25), among research participants, were positively correlated. Conclusions: Smartphone addiction was common among study participants, with medical college students being more hooked than non-medical students. Smartphone addiction is correlated with anxiety and despair. Smartphone addiction predicted anxiety and despair.

Smartphone addiction: impact on health and well-being

This study explores the increasing prevalence and negative impacts of excessive smartphone use. It emphasizes the detrimental effects on academic performance, mental health, and physical well-being, highlighting the need for intervention strategies. The review aims to summarize evidence demonstrating the significant influence of smartphone addiction on dietary behavior and lifestyle, as well as the complex interplay between mobile phone usage patterns and mental health outcomes. The document suggests that mindfulness practices, self-reflection, and seeking professional help can be effective strategies to combat smartphone addiction. Through a systematic literature search using databases like Google Scholar, NIH, and PubMed, the review gathers information on smartphone addiction's effects on health, academics, and adolescence. The conclusion calls for longitudinal studies to track the long-term impact of smartphone usage on academic performance and overall well-being. It recommends identifying at-risk groups for intervention and promoting responsible smartphone usage to prevent adverse effects. Overall, the document underscores the importance of understanding the factors contributing to smartphone addiction and implementing measures to foster genuine human interactions, balance technology use, and mitigate the hazards of smartphone addiction among adolescents.

Etiología bacteriana en teléfonos celulares del personal de salud de una clínica de Chiclayo / Bacterial etiology in cell phones of health personnel from a clinic in Chiclayo

RESUMEN El estudio buscó describir la etiología y frecuencia bacteriana en los teléfonos celulares del personal de salud en el Hospital de Clínicas de Chiclayo, Perú, de marzo a agosto de 2022. Se analizaron 30 teléfonos de médicos, enfermeros y técnicos en áreas de hospitalización y Unidad de Vigilancia Intensiva (UVI). Se tomaron muestras de las pantallas, se cultivaron y se identificaron las bacterias mediante pruebas bioquímicas. Se registró y analizó la información con Microsoft Excel 2013. El 56,7 % de los teléfonos presentó colonización bacteriana: Gram positivas en 33,3 % y Gram negativas en 23,3 %. Predominaron Staphylococcus coagulasa negativa (35,3 %) y Escherichia coli (23,5 %) en hospitalización, y Staphylococcus aureus (23,5 %) en UVI. El 66,7 % desinfectaba los teléfonos poco y el 40 % lavaba las manos con poca frecuencia. Staphylococcus coagulasa negativa, S. aureus y E. coli fueron los agentes más frecuentes, sugiriendo deficiencias en la higiene hospitalaria

ABSTRACT The study aimed to describe the etiology and bacterial frequency on the cell phones of healthcare personnel at the Hospital de Clínicas de Chiclayo, Peru, from March to August 2022. Thirty phones from doctors, nurses, and technicians in hospitalization areas and the Intensive Vigilance Unit (IVU) were analyzed. Samples were taken from the phone screens, cultured, and bacteria were identified using biochemical tests. The data was recorded and analyzed with Microsoft Excel 2013. Bacterial colonization was found on 56.7% of the phones: Gram-positive bacteria on 33.3% and Gram-negative bacteria on 23.3%. Staphylococcus coagulase-negative (35.3%) and Escherichia coli (23.5%) predominated in hospitalization, while Staphylococcus aureus (23.5%) predominated in the IVU. 66.7% of the personnel rarely disinfected their phones, and 40% washed their hands infrequently. Staphylococcus coagulase-negative, S. aureus, and E. coli were the most frequent agents, suggesting deficiencies in hospital hygiene practices.

Evaluación de signos vitales mediante una aplicación móvil en pacientes con insuficiencia cardiaca: ¿una oportunidad para la titulación remota? / Evaluation of vital signs through a mobile application in patients with heart failure: a opportunity for remote titration?

Resumen Antecedentes: Las consultas virtuales aumentaron exponencialmente, pero presentan como limitación la imposibilidad de valorar los signos vitales (SV), siendo especialmente útiles en los pacientes con insuficiencia cardiaca (IC) para titular medicación que modifica pronóstico. Este problema podría potencialmente solucionarse mediante una herramienta que pueda medir la presión arterial (PA) y frecuencia cardiaca (FC) de manera precisa, accesible y remota. Los teléfonos móviles equipados con tecnología de imágenes ópticas transdérmicas podrían cumplir con estos requisitos. Objetivo: Evaluar la precisión de una app basada en imagen óptica transdérmica para estimar SV en relación con la valoración clínica en pacientes con IC. Métodos: Estudio de cohorte prospectivo, se incluyeron pacientes evaluados en una unidad ambulatoria de IC de febrero a abril del 2022. Se valoró simultáneamente la PA y FC mediante la app y el examen clínico (PA con un esfigmomanómetro automatizado y FC por palpación braquial). Se realizaron tres mediciones por app y clínica en cada paciente, por dos médicos independientes, encontrándose ciegos a los resultados. Resultados: Se incluyeron 30 pacientes, con 540 mediciones de TA y de FC. Edad media de 66 (± 13) años, el 53.3% de sexo masculino. La fracción de eyección del ventrículo izquierdo media fue de 37 ± 15, con hospitalizaciones previas por IC el 63.3%, en CF II-III el 63.4%. La diferencia media entre la medición de la app y su medición de referencia clínica fue de 3.6 ± 0.5 mmHg para PA sistólica (PAS), 0.9 ± -0.2 mmHg para PA diastólica (PAD) y 0.2 ± 0.4 lpm para FC. Cuando se promedian las diferencias medias emparejadas para cada paciente, la media entre los 30 pacientes es de 2 ± 6 mmHg para PAS, -0.14 ± 4.6 mmHg para PAD y 0.23 ± 4 lpm para FC. Conclusión: La estimación de PA y FC por una app con tecnología de imagen óptica transdérmica fue comparable a la medición no invasiva en pacientes con IC, y cumple los criterios de precisión de la medición de PA en este estudio preliminar. La utilización de esta nueva tecnología de imagen óptica transdérmica brinda datos prometedores, que deberán ser corroborados en cohortes de mayor tamaño.

Abstract Background: Virtual consultations have increased exponentially, but a limitation is the inability to assess vital signs (VS). This is particularly useful in patients with heart failure (HF) for titrating prognosis-modifying medication. This issue could potentially be addressed by a tool capable of measuring blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) accurately, remotely, and conveniently. Mobile phones equipped with transdermal optical imaging technology could meet these requirements. Objective: To evaluate the accuracy of a transdermal optical imaging-based app for estimating VS compared to clinical assessment in patients with HF. Methods: A prospective cohort study included patients evaluated in an HF outpatient unit between February and April 2022. BP and HR were simultaneously assessed using the app and clinical examination (BP with an automated sphygmomanometer and HR by brachial palpation). Three measurements were taken by both the app and clinic for each patient, by two independent blinded physicians. Results: Thirty patients were included, with 540 measurements of BP and HR. The mean age was 66 (± 13) years, 53.3% were male. The mean left ventricular ejection fraction was 37 ± 15, with 63.3% having previous hospitalizations for HF, and 63.4% in NYHA class II-III. The mean difference between the app measurement and its clinical reference measurement was 3.6 ± 0.5 mmHg for systolic BP (SBP), 0.9 ± -0.2 mmHg for diastolic BP (DBP), and 0.2 ± 0.4 bpm for HR. When averaging the paired mean differences for each patient, the mean across the 30 patients was 2 ± 6 mmHg for SBP, -0.14 ± 4.6 mmHg for DBP, and 0.23 ± 4 bpm for HR. Conclusion: The estimation of BP and HR by an app with transdermal optical imaging technology was comparable to non-invasive measurement in patients with HF and met the precision criteria for BP measurement in this preliminary study. The use of this new transdermal optical imaging technology provides promising data, which should be corroborated in larger cohorts.

Nomofobia e pandemia: um estudo sobre o medo de ficar desconectado no Brasil / Nomophobia and the pandemic: a study on the fear of being disconnected in Brazil / Nomofobia y pandemia: un estudio sobre el miedo a la desconexión en Brasil

As Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação estão presentes na vida humana. Oferecem diversas vantagens, mas podem provocar problemas, entre eles a nomofobia ­ a angústia e o medo de se tornar incomunicável, sem acesso ao smartphone ou à internet. Para avaliar o grau de nomofobia foi criado o Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q). O objetivo deste artigo foi avaliar em que medida o isolamento social, como medida preventiva à covid-19, interferiu nos índices de nomofobia no Brasil. Foi aplicada uma versão adaptada do instrumento NMP-Q, durante a pandemia, a jovens através das mídias digitais. Os resultados indicam que o isolamento social interferiu no aumento da nomofobia, sobretudo em mulheres de 20 a 29 anos e de 50 a 59 anos, universitárias ou com pós-graduação e ganhando de 10 a 20 salários-mínimos. Este artigo se inscreve no conjunto de estudos internacionais que usaram o NMP-Q para avaliar o medo de ficar desconectado.

The Information and Communication Technologies are present in human life. They offer many advantages, but they can also cause problems, among them nomophobia ­ anguish and fear of becoming incommunicado, without access to a smartphone or internet. To assess the degree of nomophobia, the Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q) was created. The objective of this article was to evaluate to what extent the social isolation proposed as a preventive measure against covid-19 interfered in the indices of nomophobia in Brazil. An adapted version of NMP-Q was applied to young people through digital media during the pandemic. The results indicate social isolation interfered with the increase of nomophobia, especially in women aged 20 to 29 and 50 to 59 years, with university degree or post-graduation and earning 10 to 20 minimum wages. This article is part of a set of international studies that used the NMP-Q to assess the fear of being disconnected.

Las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación están cada vez más presentes en la vida humana. Ofrecen numerosas ventajas; pero también pueden causar problemas, entre ellos la nomofobia ­ la angustia y el miedo a quedar incomunicado, sin acceso a smartphone o internet. Para evaluar el grado de nomofobia, se creó el Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q). El objetivo fue evaluar hasta qué punto el aislamiento social interfiere en los índices de nomofobia en Brasil. Durante la pandemia se aplicó una versión adaptada del NMP-Q a jóvenes a través de los medios digitales. Los resultados indican que el aislamiento social interfirió en el aumento de la nomofobia, especialmente en mujeres de 20 a 29 años y 50 a 59 años, con título universitario o postgrado y 10 a 20 salarios mínimos. Este artículo forma parte de un conjunto de estudios internacionales que evaluaron el miedo a la desconexión mediante el NMP-Q.

Characteristics of medical students with problematic smartphone use: a cross-sectional study

Background: Excessive smartphone use is common among university students and can negatively affect students’ mental health, but data from Middle-East countries is scarce. Objective of the study was to determine the characteristics of medical students affected by and the prevalence of problematic smartphone use in a sample of Iranian medical students. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in a large Iranian medical university. A convenience sample of 356 students of different years of medical training were recruited. Data on socio-demographic characteristics, daily estimated average time using a smartphone, and main motivations to use a smartphone were collected through a self-reported questionnaire. Problematic smartphone use (PSU) was evaluated using the smartphone addiction scale – short version (SAS-SV) questionnaire. Backward logistic regression analysis was used to understand independent factors associated with PSU. Results: Overall, two-thirds of Iranian medical students were affected by PSU, including 68.5% of male and 64% of female students. Students who lived alone had significantly higher SAS-SV scores than those who lived with their families (p=0.007). Additionally, students with daily smartphone use >4 hours were 3.2 times more likely to be diagnosed with PSU (p<0.001). Social media use was the main motivation that strongly predicted the presence of PSU among medical students (adjusted OR: 2.87, 95% CI: 1.68-4.89). Conclusions: Main motivation to use and duration of phone use are the most important factors predicting problematic smartphone use among medical students.

The Relationship Between Smartphone Usage Duration with Hand Grip, Pinch Grip Strength and It’s Impact on NCS Motor Parameters of Median Nerve in Young Population – An Observational Study

Background: There seems to be a lack of literature regarding the association between handgrip strength and nerve conduction parameters of the median nerve among smartphone users in the young population. There is a need to investigate the inter-relation of grip strength with smartphone usage and motor parameters of the median nerve by carrying out a nerve conduction study.Aims: The study aims to find out the correlation between hand-grip and pinch-grip strength on nerve conduction study motor parameters among smartphone users.Methods and Material: 112 young adult participants were included. Hang grip strength and pinch grip strength were assessed for both hands and after three trials, the average was calculated. The average screen time of their smartphones over the past week was noted, and simultaneously, the motor nerve conduction study parameter of the median nerve was performed.Statistical analysis: Pearson’s correlation was applied to find out the correlation between the component of the handgrip, pinch grip, and motor nerve conduction velocity of the median nerve. The p-value of < 0.001 was considered statistically significant.Results: The study obtained a significant negative correlation between smartphone usage with amplitude and nerve conduction velocity and a significant positive correlation with the latency of the median nerve.Conclusions: The study concluded that smartphone usage reduces the hand grip and pinch grip strength and significantly affects the motor parameters of the median nerve.

Effectiveness of smartphone otoscope in management of ear ailments at primary healthcare level

Background: To work out efficacy of smartphone otoscope for managing ear ailments at primary healthcare level. Methods: Prospective study carried out at a co-located primary care clinic and secondary referral facility. With this plan, the PHC was equipped with a smartphone otoscope for diagnosing common ear problems. The doctor then forwarded patient's ear imaging to the referring hospital's otolaryngologist. The otolaryngologist reviewed the history to make remote diagnosis before providing the PHC provider with recommendations for treatment. Information on patients' demographics, outpatient diagnoses, symptom durations, affected side, treatments received, and outcomes was collected. This information was used to determine whether or not a smartphone otoscope may be used to improve healthcare for patients suffering from common ear illnesses without sending them to more specialized facilities. Results: 150 patients were enrolled; 53.3% were male and 46.7% female. Participants aged between 3 and 83 years, with a mean of 44.6. Eighty-two (48%) of the cases presented with left ear, sixty (40%) with right ear, and eighteen (12%) for both sides. The typical course of ear infection lasted 6.5 (2, 15) days. Out of 150 patients, 33 (22%) were deemed cured, 117 (78%) demonstrated improvement in symptoms. The technique was praised by primary care physicians, who said they learned more about otolaryngology. Conclusions: The ability of primary care physicians to manage common and straightforward ear ailments is greatly enhanced by the use of smartphone otoscopes. Thus, improving patient satisfaction and the strain on medical facilities.

Research Advance on Smartphone-based Visual Biosensor in Point-of-Care Testing / 分析化学

Human physiological indicators have become an important standard for assessing health in modern society.Traditional detection methods often require a separate laboratory,complex operation process and long detection time,so it is urgent to develop portable,fast and accurate on-site detection technologies for bioanalysis.Point-of-care testing(POCT),which differs from traditional laboratory testing,can realize the rapid in situ detection of biomarkers without the complicated analytical process of the laboratory.Smartphones,which are an essential tool in our daily life,not only have independent operating systems and built-in storage functions,but also have high-definition cameras,which have great application potential in POCT visualization.The combination of various biosensing technologies and smartphones has developed into a new direction in the field of POCT.This review mainly introduced the research progress of smartphone-based visual biosensors in POCT in recent years,including colorimetric sensors,fluorescence sensors,chemiluminescence sensors and electrochemiluminescence sensors.Finally,the problems faced by smart-phone-based visual biosensors in the application of POCT were summarized,and their future development was prospected.

Analytical sensors based on smartphones for real-time detection in forensic science:progress and application / 中国法医学杂志

In recent years,with the rapid development and widespread popularity of smartphones,analytical sensors based on different action principles have provided an effective solution for forensic real-time detection.In this paper,the recent progress of smartphone-based systems of analytical sensors in forensic real-time detection was reviewed.The analytical principle,the performance of different analytical sensing,and their future perspectives were discussed respectively.

Accuracy of a smartphone-assisted novel labeling method for marking target axial position in cataract surgery / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To evaluate the convenience and accuracy of a novel smartphone-assisted “any-point two-step method” for finding the target axial position in cataract phacoemulsification combined with intraocular lens(IOL)implantation.METHODS: Prospective observational study. A total of 62 cases(62 eyes)of patients with age-related cataracts who underwent cataract phacoemulsification combined with IOL implantation in our hospital from October 2021 to April 2022 were selected. They were randomly divided into two groups: 31 cases(31 eyes)in the control group were applied with the “traditional two-step method” using slit lamp to mark the target axial position of the IOL, and 31 cases(31 eyes)in the experimental group were applied with the smartphone-assisted “two-step method” to mark the target axial position of the IOL. The Callisto eye navigation system was used as a standard reference, and the deviation of the reference marking point(deviation-1), the deviation of the target axial marking point(deviation-total), and the deviation of the angle from the reference marking point to the target axial marking point(deviation-2)were calculated and recorded as the preoperative axial marking time.RESULTS:Both deviation-1 and deviation-total values were lower in the experimental group than those in the control group(1.06°±1.39° vs 2.48°±2.23°, 1.77°±1.54° vs 2.81°±1.58°, all P&#x003C;0.01), but there was no significant difference in the deviation-2 values between the two groups(1.35°±1.40° vs 1.48°±1.79°, P&#x003E;0.05). The preoperative axial marking took shorter time in the experimental group than in the control group(1.77±1.70 min vs 2.88±3.20 min, P&#x003C;0.01).CONCLUSION: The smartphone-assisted “any-point two-step method” for finding the target axial position in cataract phacoemulsification combined with IOL implantation is simple, time-saving, and accurate compared with the “traditional two-step method”.

Evaluation of cervical posture and smartphone use in young adults / Avaliação da postura cervical e do uso de smartphone em adultos jovens

Abstract Introduction The smartphone, a popular mobile device, has become attractive because it is easy to use and due to it multifunctionality. Its prolonged use, with anterior flexion of the neck and repetitive movements of the upper limbs, contributes to musculoskeletal symptoms. Objective To evaluate changes in cervical posture due to smartphone use in adults, as well as verify the association of posture with health-related factors. Methods Cross-sectional study, carried out at two universities in Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil, between 2018 and 2019. A total of 769 adults (>18 years old) who routinely used smartphones participated. Data on socioeconomic variables, health conditions and smartphone use were collected. The cervical postural alignment was assessed, with the vertical head alignment (VHA) being measured using photogrammetry, in the anatomical position (baseline) and while typing on the smartphone. Results The mean age was 23 years (± 6.7), with a higher proportion of females (72.1%; n = 559) and an average of 7.9h (± 4.4) using the device. Smartphone use led to the forward head movement related to males (p < 0.05 by ΔVHA), time spent using the device (p < 0.05 by ΔVHA), functional disability in the cervical region (p < 0.05 by ΔVHA) and not sleeping well (p = 0.019 by ΔVHA on the R side). Conclusion Using a smartphone in the typing position causes the head to tilt forward, being related to longer usage time, male gender, cervical region dysfunction and sleep.

Resumo Introdução O smartphone, dispositivo móvel e popular, tornou-se atrativo pela facilidade de utilização e multifuncionalidade. Seu uso prolongado, com flexão anterior do pescoço e movimentos repetitivos dos membros superiores, contribui para sintomas musculoesqueléticos. Objetivo Avaliar as alterações da postura cervical pelo uso do smartphone em adultos, bem como verificar a associação da postura com fatores relacionados à saúde. Métodos Estudo transversal, em duas universidades em Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil, entre 2018 e 2019. Participaram 769 adultos (>18 anos) que usavam rotineiramente o smartphone. Foram coletadas variáveis socioeconômicas, condições de saúde e uso do smartphone. Realizou-se a avaliação do alinhamento postural da cervical, sendo mensurado o alinhamento vertical da cabeça (AVC) pela fotogrametria, na posição anatômica (baseline) e digitando no smartphone. Resultados A idade média foi de 23 anos (± 6,7), com maior proporção do sexo feminino (72,1 %; n = 559) e média de 7,9h (± 4,4) utilizando o dispositivo. O uso do smartphone gerou anteriorização de cabeça relacionada ao sexo masculino (p < 0,05 pelo ΔAVC), tempo de uso do dispositivo (p < 0,05 pela ΔAVC), incapacidade funcional na região cervical (p < 0,05 pela ΔAVC) e não dormir bem (p = 0,019 pela ΔAVC lado D). Conclusão O uso do smartphone na posição de digitação causa anteriorização de cabeça, estando relacionado ao maior tempo de uso, ao sexo masculino, à disfunção da região cervical e ao sono.

Low back pain self-management mobile applications: a systematic review on digital platforms / Aplicaciones móviles para el autocontrol del dolor lumbar: revisión sistemática en plataformas digitales / Aplicativos móveis de autogerenciamento da dor lombar: revisão sistemática em plataformas digitais

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify and analyze the features and quality of self-management support of mobile applications available in Brazil for chronic low back pain in adults. Method: A systematic review on the Apple Store® and Google Play® digital platforms. The Self-Management Support Assessment Tool scale was used to assess self-management support and the Institute for Healthcare Informatics Functionality Score scale was used to assess functionality. Results: Seventeen applications were selected, which included around seven self-management skills. The applications that met the majority of self-management support skills were Pathways, Branch, Pancea, Pain Navigator, and Curable. The Curable, Branch and MoovButh applications had the highest scores, with ten features on the functionality scale. Conclusion: Some applications have the potential to complement in-person treatment in terms of validity, acceptability and clinical usefulness in pain management. However, barriers such as lack of partnership between healthcare providers and patients, limited evidence-based content, social support, cultural relevance, cost, language, security and privacy can limit their sustained use. PROSPERO Registration: CRD42022382686.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Identificar y analizar las características y la calidad del soporte de autogestión de aplicaciones móviles disponibles en Brasil para el dolor lumbar crónico en adultos. Método: Revisión sistemática en las plataformas digitales Apple Store® y Google Play®. Se utilizó la escala Self-Management Support Assessment Tool para evaluar el apoyo a la autogestión y la escala Institute for Healthcare Informatics Functionality Score para evaluar la funcionalidad. Resultados: Se seleccionaron 17 aplicaciones, que incluían alrededor de siete habilidades de autogestión. Las aplicaciones que cumplieron con la mayoría de las habilidades de apoyo a la autogestión fueron Pathways, Branch, Pancea, Pain Navigator y Curable. Las aplicaciones Curable, Branch y MoovButh obtuvieron las puntuaciones más altas, con diez características en la escala de funcionalidad. Conclusión: Algunas aplicaciones tienen potencial para complementar el tratamiento presencial en términos de validez, aceptabilidad y utilidad clínica en el manejo del dolor. Sin embargo, barreras como la falta de asociación entre los profesionales de la salud y los pacientes, el contenido limitado basado en evidencia, el apoyo social, la relevancia cultural, el costo, el idioma, la seguridad y la privacidad pueden limitar su uso sostenido. Registro PROSPERO: CRD42022382686.

RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar e analisar os recursos e a qualidade do suporte de autogerenciamento dos aplicativos móveis disponíveis no Brasil para dor lombar crônica em adultos. Método: Revisão sistemática nas plataformas digitais Apple Store® e Google Play®. Utilizaram-se a escala Self-Management Support Assessment Tool para avaliar o suporte ao autogerenciamento e a escala Institute for Healthcare Informatics Functionality Score para avaliar a funcionalidade. Resultados: Foram selecionados 17 aplicativos, que incluíram cerca de sete habilidades de autogerenciamento. Os aplicativos que atendiam à maioria das habilidades de suporte ao autogerenciamento foram Pathways, Branch, Pancea, Pain Navigator e Curable. Os aplicativos Curable, Branch e MoovButh apresentaram as maiores pontuações, com dez funcionalidades na escala de funcionalidade. Conclusão: Alguns aplicativos têm potencial para complementar o tratamento presencial em termos de validade, aceitabilidade e utilidade clínica no manejo da dor. No entanto, barreiras como falta de parceria entre profissionais de saúde e pacientes, conteúdo limitado baseado em evidências, apoio social, relevância cultural, custo, idioma, segurança e privacidade podem limitar o seu uso sustentado. Registro PROSPERO: CRD42022382686.

Needs and preferences regarding a mobile application to support diabetic foot self-care / Necessidades y preferencias sobre una aplicación móvil de apoyo al autocuidado del pie diabético / Necessidades e preferências relativas a aplicativo móvel de suporte ao autocuidado com o pé diabético

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify the needs and preferences of individuals with type 2 diabetes regarding the functionalities and characteristics for a mobile application to support foot self-care. Method: Qualitative research with 16 individuals diagnosed with type 2 diabetes recruited during clinical care at a university hospital in Porto, Portugal. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews between March and June 2022 and analyzed using inductive content analysis. Results: Three categories and nine subcategories were identified. Categories included informational needs, essential functionalities for foot health self-care, and user-relevant experience. The preference for objective, limited data input, flexible, and customizable applications was an important factor influencing technology engagement. Conclusion: The research highlighted a preference for customizable and flexible applications, aiding nurses in creating solutions that transform care delivery and enhance the quality of life for individuals living with diabetes.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Identificar las necesidades y preferencias de personas con diabetes tipo 2 con respecto a las funcionalidades y características de una aplicación móvil de apoyo al autocuidado del pie. Método: Investigación cualitativa con 16 personas diagnosticadas con diabetes tipo 2 reclutadas durante la atención clínica en un hospital universitario de Porto, Portugal. Los datos se recopilaron mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas entre marzo y junio de 2022 y se analizaron utilizando análisis de contenido inductivo. Resultados: Identificamos tres categorías y nueve subcategorías. Las categorías incluyeron necesidades informativas, funcionalidades esenciales para el autocuidado del pie, y experiencia relevante del usuário. La preferencia por aplicaciones objetivas, con entrada limitada de datos, flexibles y personalizables fue un factor importante que influyó en el compromiso con la tecnología. Conclusión: La investigación resaltó la preferencia por aplicaciones personalizables y flexibles, ayudando a los enfermeros a crear soluciones que transforman la prestación de cuidados y mejoran la calidad de vida de las personas que viven con diabetes.

RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar as necessidades e preferências de pessoas com diabetes tipo 2 relativamente às funcionalidades e características de um aplicativo móvel de suporte ao autocuidado com os pés. Método: Pesquisa qualitativa com 16 pessoas com diabetes tipo 2 recrutadas durante o atendimento clínico em um hospital do Porto, Portugal. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas entre março e junho de 2022 e analisados utilizando análise de conteúdo indutiva. Resultados: Identificamos três categorias e nove subcategorias. Categorias incluíram necessidades informacionais, funcionalidades essenciais para o autocuidado dos pés e experiência relevante do usuário. A preferência por aplicativos objetivos, com entrada de dados limitada, flexível e personalizável, foi um fator importante que influenciou o envolvimento com a tecnologia. Conclusão: A pesquisa destacou a preferência por aplicativos personalizáveis e flexíveis, ajudando enfermeiros a criarem soluções que podem transformar a prestação de cuidados e melhorar a qualidade de vida de quem vive com diabetes.

Development of the educational technology called "cola na profe!" for classroom use / Desarrollo de la tecnología educativa llamada "cola na profe!" para ser usa en salones de clase / Desenvolvimento da tecnologia educacional "cola na profe!" para uso em sala de aula

ABSTRACT Objective: to develop a teaching resource for use in the classroom, involving smartphones and focused on Nursing students. Method: this is an applied technological production research aimed at teachers and students of undergraduate and postgraduate Nursing courses. The study was structured based on the health product and service design model, which includes briefing, data collection, problem analysis, concept, generation of alternatives, selection of the best alternative, solution refinement, prototype, tests, modifications, and implementation. The project was developed in the second semester of 2022 by four doctoral students, a master's student and two PhDs in Nursing, during the discipline of Technologies and Management in Education and Work in Health and Nursing of the Graduate Program in Nursing at the Federal University of Santa Catarina. Results: an educational technology was developed to assists in learning and interactions in the classroom. "Cola na Profe!" was created as a didactic and technological strategy. The objective was to integrate students and encourage their participation and attention in classes through the use of smartphones in the virtual learning environment. Conclusion: the use of the teaching resource "Cola na Profe!" contributes to the teaching-learning process, linking the virtual world to the classroom and contributing to the interaction of those involved, which makes students protagonists of their own learning.

RESUMEN Objetivo: desarrollar un recurso didáctico para ser usado en salones de clase, con utilización de smartphones y centrado en estudiantes de Enfermería. Método: investigación aplicada de producción tecnológica dirigida a docentes y estudiantes de la carrera de grado y cursos de postgrado en Enfermería. El estudio se estructuró a partir del modelo de diseño de productos y servicios de salud, que contempla lo siguiente: briefing, sondeo de datos, análisis del problema, concepto, generación de opciones, selección de la mejor opción, refinamiento de la solución, prototipo, pruebas, modificaciones e implementación. El proyecto fue desarrollado en el segundo semestre de 2022 por cuatro estudiantes de Doctorado, un estudiante de Maestría y dos Doctoras en Enfermería, durante la disciplina académica de Tecnologías y Gestión en Educación y Trabajo en Salud y Enfermería de un programa de postgrado en Enfermería de la Universidad Federal de Santa Catarina. Resultados: se desarrolló una tecnología educativa que asiste en el aprendizaje y en las interacciones en salones de clase. "Cola na Profe!" se creó como una estrategia didáctica y tecnológica. El objetivo es integrar a los alumnos y estimular su participación y atención en la clase recurriendo al uso de smartphones en el ambiente virtual de aprendizaje. Conclusión: utilizar el recurso didáctico "Cola na Profe!" contribuye al proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje, vinculando el mundo virtual con el salón de clase y facilitando la interacción de todas las personas involucradas, lo que convierte a los alumnos en los protagonistas de su propio proceso de aprendizaje.

RESUMO Objetivo: desenvolver um recurso didático para uso em sala de aula, envolvendo smartphones e centrado nos estudantes de enfermagem. Método: trata-se de uma pesquisa aplicada de produção tecnológica voltada aos docentes e discentes do curso de graduação e pós-graduação em Enfermagem. Estruturou-se o estudo a partir do modelo de projeto de produtos e serviços em saúde, que contempla: briefing, levantamento de dados, análise do problema, conceito, geração de alternativas, seleção da melhor alternativa, refino da solução, protótipo, testes, modificações e implementação. O projeto foi desenvolvido no segundo semestre de 2022, por quatro doutorandas, uma mestranda e duas doutoras em Enfermagem, durante a disciplina de Tecnologias e Gestão na Educação e Trabalho em Saúde e Enfermagem de um programa de pós-graduação em Enfermagem da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Resultados: desenvolveu-se uma tecnologia educacional que auxilia na aprendizagem e na interação em sala de aula. O "Cola na Profe!" foi criado como uma estratégia didática e tecnológica. O objetivo é integrar os alunos e estimular a participação e atenção deles em sala, por meio do uso do smartphone no ambiente virtual de aprendizagem. Conclusão: o uso do recurso didático "Cola na Profe!" contribui com o processo de ensino-aprendizagem, vinculando o mundo virtual à sala de aula e contribuindo para a interação dos envolvidos, o que torna o estudante, protagonista do seu aprendizado.

Relationships between internet addiction, smartphone addiction, sleep quality, and academic performance among high-school students

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the relationships between Internet addiction, smartphone addiction, sleep quality, and academic success. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, high-school students were surveyed to evaluate sleep quality, Internet addiction, and smartphone addiction. Students were queried about their demographics, and grade averages from the previous term were taken as an indicator of academic success. RESULTS: A total of 1,959 students were enrolled in this study, with 1,034 (52.8%) girls and 925 (47.2%) boys, and the median age of the participants was 16 (13-21) years. Multivariate analyses found that poor sleep quality in students who did not have breakfast before going to school was 1.58 times higher than those who did (p<0.001). Students who stayed in a dormitory had 1.79 times more poor sleep quality than those who stayed with their family, and a one-unit increase in the total score of the Young's Internet Addiction Test short form resulted in a 1.08-fold increase (both, p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Our study has shown that students' sleep quality was predicted to be lower if they stayed in a dormitory and skipped breakfast. In addition, Internet and smartphone addictions have a negative effect on sleep quality and academic performance.

Smartphone addiction and postural alterations in the cervical region in adolescents / Dependência do smartphone e alteração postural da região cervical de adolescentes

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate smartphone addiction and postural alterations in the cervical region in adolescents. Methods: A cross-sectional study with 281 adolescents (15 to 19 years old), attending the 1st to the 3rd grades of High School, carried out between September and October 2019 in the city of Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. Data collection took place in two stages. In the first, they answered four self-administered questionnaires: sociodemographic questionnaire, health conditions and smartphone use, Nordic Musculoskeletal Symptom Questionnaire (NMQ), Self-Report Questionnaire (SRQ-20) and the Smartphone Addiction Inventory (SPAI-BR). In the second stage, they were submitted to photogrammetry using the Postural Assessment Software (SAPO) and anthropometric assessment (weight and height). The software SPSS Statistics version 23.0 was used for data analysis. Results: Of the total number of adolescents, 63.3% (n=178) showed smartphone addiction, using it for 5.8 hours (±3.5) during the week and 8.7 (±4.0) hours on the weekend. When analyzing postural alignment in the anterior view, a significant reduction in the lateral head tilt was observed when typing on the smartphone (p=0.002) compared to the anatomical position (baseline). In the lateral view, an increase in head anteriorization was observed during smartphone use (p<0.05). There was an association between smartphone addiction and head anteriorization (p<0.05). Conclusions: The use of the smartphone in the typing position causes postural alterations in the cervical region, especially in adolescents with smartphone addiction. Therefore, health promotion measures that alert adolescents to the adverse effects caused by prolonged smartphone use are necessary.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a dependência do smartphone e a alteração postural da região cervical em adolescentes. Métodos: Estudo transversal, com 281 adolescentes (15 a 19 anos), que frequentavam da 1ᵃ à 3ᵃ série do ensino médio, realizado entre setembro e outubro de 2019 na cidade de Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil. A coleta dos dados ocorreu em duas etapas. Na primeira, eles responderam a quatro questionários autoaplicáveis: questionário sociodemográfico, condições de saúde e uso do smartphon e, Questionário Nórdico de Sintomas Musculoesqueléticos (NMQ), Self-Report Questi onnaire (SRQ-20) e o Smartphone A ddiction Inventory (SPAI-BR). Na segunda etapa, foram submetidos a fotogrametria pelo Software de Avaliação Postural (SAPO) e avaliação antropométrica (peso e altura). Para a análise dos dados, foi utilizado o SPSS Statistics versão 23.0. Resultados: Do total, 63,3% (n=178) dos adolescentes apresentaram dependência do smartphone, com o uso de 5,8 horas (±3,5) durante a semana e 8,7 (±4,0) no fim de semana. Ao analisar o alinhamento postural na visão anterior, observou-se redução significativa da inclinação lateral de cabeça ao digitar no smartphon e (p=0,002) comparado à posição anatômica (baseline). Na visão lateral foi constatado aumento da anteriorização de cabeça durante o uso do smartphon e (p<0,05). Houve associação da dependência do smartphone com a anteriorização de cabeça (p<0,05). Conclusões: O uso do smartphone na posição de digitação causa alteração postural na região cervical, destacadamente naqueles que apresentam dependência do dispositivo. Dessa forma, são necessárias medidas de promoção de saúde que alertem os adolescentes sobre os efeitos adversos causados pelo uso prolongado do smartphone.

Relationship between depression, anxiety, stress and smartphone addiction in COVID-19 nursing students / Relación entre depresión, ansiedad, estrés y dependencia del smartphone en estudiantes de enfermería durante la COVID-19 / Relação entre depressão, ansiedade, estresse e dependência de smartphone em estudantes de enfermagem na COVID-19

Objective: to verify the relationship between symptoms of depression, anxiety, stress and smartphone addiction in COVID-19 nursing students. Method: this was a descriptive-analytical study of 206 nursing students. A sociodemographic characterization and smartphone use instrument adapted from the literature and the following scales Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale and Smartphone Addiction Inventory were used for data collection. Sociodemographic data and smartphone use were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the relationship between symptoms of depression, anxiety, stress and smartphone addiction was analyzed using multiple logistic regression. Results: the prevalence of smartphone addiction among nursing students was 129 (62.6%) and there was a relationship between symptoms of moderate depression (p=0.049), severe/very severe depression (p=0.005) and mild anxiety (p=0.028) and severe/very severe anxiety (p=0.019) and smartphone addiction. Conclusion: the data show that the construction and implementation of smartphone use policies in the academic and hospital context to prevent smartphone addiction and control associated risk factors is necessary.

Objetivo: verificar la relación entre síntomas de depresión, ansiedad, estrés y dependencia del smartphone en estudiantes de enfermería durante la COVID-19. Método: estudio descriptivo-analítico realizado con 206 estudiantes de enfermería. Para la recogida de datos se utilizaron un instrumento de caracterización sociodemográfica y uso del smartphone adaptado de la literatura y las siguientes escalas: Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale y Smartphone Addiction Inventory. Los datos sociodemográficos y el uso del smartphone se analizaron mediante estadísticas descriptivas y la relación entre síntomas de depresión, ansiedad, estrés y dependencia del smartphone se analizó mediante la regresión logística múltiple. Resultados: la prevalencia de dependencia del smartphone en estudiantes de enfermería fue de 129 (62,6%) y hubo relación entre síntomas de depresión moderada (p=0,049), grave/muy grave (p=0,005) y ansiedad leve (p=0,028) y grave/muy grave (p=0,019) y dependencia del smartphone. Conclusión: los datos revelan que la construcción e implementación de políticas de uso del smartphone en el contexto académico y hospitalario para la prevención de la dependencia del smartphone y el control de los factores de riesgo asociados son necesarias.

Objetivo: verificar a relação entre sintomas de depressão, ansiedade, estresse e dependência de smartphone em estudantes de enfermagem na COVID-19. Método: estudo descritivo-analítico realizado com 206 estudantes de enfermagem. Para coleta de dados foram utilizados um instrumento de caracterização sociodemográfica e uso do smartphone adaptado da literatura e as seguintes escalas: Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale e Smartphone Addiction Inventory. Os dados sociodemográficos e o uso do smartphone foram analisados por meio de estatísticas descritivas e a relação entre sintomas de depressão, ansiedade, estresse e dependência de smartphone foi analisada a partir de regressão logística múltipla. Resultados: a prevalência de dependência de smartphone em estudantes de enfermagem foi de 129 (62,6%) e houve relação entre sintomas de depressão moderada (p=0,049), grave/muito grave (p=0,005) e ansiedade leve (p=0,028) e grave/muito grave (p=0,019) e dependência de smartphone. Conclusão: os dados revelam que a construção e a implementação de políticas de uso do smartphone no contexto acadêmico e hospitalar para prevenção da dependência de smartphone e controle dos fatores de risco associados são necessárias.

Analysis of a mobile learning app for ophthalmology in Brazil

ABSTRACT Purpose: To determine and analyze the usability metrics of a free mobile learning app for ophthalmology in Brazil. Methods: Metric data from the management dashboard of the CBOQUIZ app were used. All users registered on the platform between March 2019 and June 30, 2021 were included. The number of questions answered, number of correct answers, number of questions answered and correct answers by subject area, and user performance by geographic region were analyzed. Results: There were 458 active users during the research period and 107,245 questions answered (average, 234.16 questions per user). Of the questions answered, 81,600 (75.5%) were correct and 2,645 were incorrect. The states in Brazil with the best performance were Espírito Santo, Paraiba, and Paraná. The subject area with the lowest hit rate was basic sciences (69.1%), within which embryology demonstrated the lowest hit rate (58.28%). The posterior segment had the highest number of questions answered, followed by miscellaneous topics and the anterior segment. Questions on strabismus were the least answered. Conclusion: The app was used consistently throughout the period studied, and participants adhered to this teaching modality. Performance asymmetry was observed across the Brazil states. The CBOQUIZ app can be used to homogenize ophthalmology teaching in the country.

Diagnóstico da retinopatia diabética por inteligência artificial por meio de smartphone / Diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy by artificial intelligence using smartphone

RESUMO Objetivo: Obter imagens de fundoscopia por meio de equipamento portátil e de baixo custo e, usando inteligência artificial, avaliar a presença de retinopatia diabética. Métodos: Por meio de um smartphone acoplado a um dispositivo com lente de 20D, foram obtidas imagens de fundo de olhos de pacientes diabéticos; usando a inteligência artificial, a presença de retinopatia diabética foi classificada por algoritmo binário. Resultados: Foram avaliadas 97 imagens da fundoscopia ocular (45 normais e 52 com retinopatia diabética). Com auxílio da inteligência artificial, houve acurácia diagnóstica em torno de 70 a 100% na classificação da presença de retinopatia diabética. Conclusão: A abordagem usando dispositivo portátil de baixo custo apresentou eficácia satisfatória na triagem de pacientes diabéticos com ou sem retinopatia diabética, sendo útil para locais sem condições de infraestrutura.

ABSTRACT Introduction: To obtain fundoscopy images through portable and low-cost equipment using artificial intelligence to assess the presence of DR. Methods: Fundus images of diabetic patients' eyes were obtained by using a smartphone coupled to a device with a 20D lens. By using artificial intelligence (AI), the presence of DR was classified by a binary algorithm. Results: 97 ocular fundoscopy images were evaluated (45 normal and 52 with DR). Through AI diagnostic accuracy around was 70% to 100% in the classification of the presence of DR. Conclusion: The approach using a low-cost portable device showed satisfactory efficacy in the screening of diabetic patients with or without diabetic retinopathy, being useful for places without infrastructure conditions.