An interesting case of dengue masquerading a splenic brucellosis

Mixed infections or co-infections are not uncommon in dengue fever which can occur as a result of transient suppression of host immunity by unknown mechanisms or as a part of its complication. Brucellosis co infection or post dengue complication can occur due to the indigenous practice of consumption of raw unpasteurized cattle milk. Here is a case report of a 14-year-old girl who presented with dengue fever but then continued to have persistence of fever spikes with abdominal pain requiring administration of antibiotics as well as upgradation, on evaluation was found to have splenic abscess with prior history of ingestion of raw goat抯 milk with serology suggestive of Brucellosis. This case report was done to elucidate the likelihood of co infection of zoonoses like dengue and brucellosis and the importance of consideration of brucellosis as a differential in cases of unresolving pyrexia post dengue fever especially in countries with wide prevalence of this practice of consumption of unpasteurized cattle milk.

Burkholderia cepacia causing liver and splenic abscess: Two case reports

Burkholderia cepacia infections are common among immunocompromised patients but multiple reports have shown that it can affect immunocompetent patients also. We are reporting two patients with multiple liver and splenic abscesses caused by Burkholderia cepacia. First case is a 54-year-old diabetic male presenting with fever, abdominal pain, bilateral lower limb weakness, and incontinence of urine. Second case is a 41-year-old male presenting with fever and confusion. Both had liver and splenic abscesses. Pus aspirated from the abscesses grew Burkholderia cepacia. Both responded to cotrimoxazole. Our case report emphasizes growing incidence of Burkholderia cepacia in immunocompetent patients.

Perioperative management of splenic abscess with Mediterranean anemia complicated by portal vein thrombosis / 中华消化外科杂志

The authors summarize the perioperative management provided to a splenic abscess patient with Mediterranean anemia complicated by portal vein thrombosis. Key aspects of perioperative management include multidisciplinary comprehensive management of the patient, implementation of a bundled infection control program, personalized thrombosis management, attention to the patient′s psychological well-being, provision of continuous care, and assistance with home management. Following a series of treatments and perioperative management, the patient′s condi-tion was improved, and discharged after 42 days of hospitalization.

Campylobacter fetus bacteremia complicated by multiple splenic abscesses and multivisceral signs in a renal transplant recipient: a case report and review of the literature

Abstract We report a rare case of Campylobacter fetus bacteremia in a 50-year-old woman following kidney transplantation. Bacteremia was complicated by multivisceral signs such as multiple splenic abscesses, bacterial hepatitis, erythema nodosum and reactive arthritis. Despite a prolonged diagnostic delay, the diagnosis was made on blood culture identification and the global outcome was favorable with adequate antibiotherapy. Reports in the literature describe a high rate of mortality for Campylobacter spp. septicemia, with most patients being immunocompromised. However, Campylobacter spp. has been rarely described in renal transplant patients. Moreover, a splenic septic localization due to Campylobacter spp. has been reported only once to our knowledge. Clinicians should be aware of the diagnostic difficulties related to the frequent negativity of stool samples in C. fetus septicemia, in order to implement a tailored medical strategy. Some data suggest that rapid introduction of adapted antibiotic therapy is associated with a reduction in mortality.

Salmonelosis Esplénica. Caso clínico / Splenic Salmonellosis. Case report

Introducción: El absceso esplénico es una entidad inusual que se observa en pacientes inmunodeprimidos por enfermedades como diabetes mellitus (DM), enfermedades hematooncológicas, síndrome de inmunodeficiencia adquirida (SIDA) y, en menor medida, en sujetos que presentaron traumatismo o infarto esplénico. El tratamiento ideal es la esplenectomía, aunque se deben considerar las alternativas conservadoras como drenaje percutáneo y resección laparoscópica. Se presenta un caso de un paciente con diagnóstico de absceso esplénico por salmonelosis, siendo este poco frecuente. Caso clínico: Paciente masculino de 53 años de edad con DM tipo 2. Refiere dolor abdominal difuso de aparición insidiosa tipo cólico de moderada intensidad, concomitante evacuaciones líquidas y alzas térmicas 40°. Al Examen físico FC: 114 lpm FR: 28 rpm TA: 130/70mmHg. Abdomen: globoso, RsHs presentes, depresible, doloroso a palpación con signos de irritación peritoneal. En radiografía de tórax se evidencia neumoperitoneo. Se realiza laparotomía xifopúbica, encontrando 1500ml de líquido purulento, absceso esplénico roto y hepatomegalia. Se realiza Esplenectomía + lavado y drenaje de cavidad. Conclusión: Los abscesos esplénicos son una entidad rara con manifestaciones clínicas no específicas. Métodos diagnósticos, la tomografía es el estudio de elección. El neumoperitoneo puede confundir el diagnostico realizándose de forma tardía por lo cual debemos tenerlo en cuenta como diagnostico diferencial. La esplenectomía es el tratamiento definitivo, el drenaje percutáneo se realiza en pacientes seleccionados(AU)

Introduction: The splenic abscess is an unusual entity that is observed in immunosuppressed patients due to diseases such as diabetes mellitus (DM), hemato-oncological diseases, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and, to a lesser extent, in subjects who presented trauma or splenic infarction. The ideal treatment is splenectomy, although conservative alternatives such as percutaneous drainage and laparoscopic resection should be considered. We present a case of a patient with a diagnosis of splenic abscess due to salmonellosis, this being rare.Clinical case : A 53-year-old male patient with type 2 DM. Refers to diffuse abdominal pain of insidious onset of moderate intensity, colic type, concomitant liquid stools and temperature rises 40°. On physical examination HR: 114 bpm FR: 28 rpm BP: 130/70mmHg. Abdomen: globular, RsHs present, depressible, painful on palpation with signs of peritoneal irritation. The chest X-ray shows pneumoperitoneum. A xiphopubic laparotomy was performed, finding 1500ml of purulent fluid, a ruptured splenic abscess and hepatomegaly. Splenectomy + lavage and cavity drainage is performed.Conclusion : Splenic abscesses are a rare entity with non-specific clinical manifestations. Diagnostic methods, tomography is the study of choice. Pneumoperitoneum can confuse the diagnosis, being carried out late, which is why we must have it as a differential diagnosis. Splenectomy is the definitive treatment; percutaneous drainage is performed in selected patients(AU)

Fístula gastroesplénica por linfoma de células B. Reporte de un caso / Gastro-splenic fistula due to B-cell lymphoma. Case report

RESUMEN: El absceso esplénico es una patología poco frecuente; su incidencia es baja (0,2 a 0,7%)1,2; por tanto, es importante individualizar el tratamiento, buscar su causa y ofrecer al paciente el mejor manejo. Hasta hace algunos años, un absceso esplénico se lo trataba siempre mediante esplenectomía; sin embargo, actualmente, debido a la importante función inmunitaria del bazo, su extirpación quirúrgica es la última alternativa. Inicialmente, se debe intentar tratamiento médico con antibióticos de amplio espectro; luego probablemente se requiera pensar en el drenaje guiado por tomografía y, finalmente, la tercera opción es la esplenectomía. En este artículo presentamos el caso de un paciente con un absceso esplénico grande (aproximadamente 550 ml) del polo superior, secundario a un linfoma esplénico abscedado que fistulizó hacia el fondo gástrico. A propósito de este paciente, revisamos la literatura médica y realizamos algunas recomendaciones para el manejo de esta patología.

ABSTRACT: Splenic abscess is a rare condition with a low incidence (0,2 to 0,7%). It is important to individualize treatment, seek its source and offer the patient the best management. Until a few years ago a splenic abscess was always treated with splenectomy. Nowadays, due to the important immune function of the spleen surgical removal is the last alternative. Initially medical treatment with broad spectrum antibiotics should be attempted. The next step is usually tomography-guided drainage. The last step used if other methods fail is splenectomy. In this article we present a case of a patient with a large splenic abscess (550 ml approximately) from the upper pole secondary to B cell lymphoma that fistulized towards the gastric fundus. We reviewed the current medical literature regarding this pathology and the current treatment algorithm.Keywords: splenic abscess, B cell lymphoma, gastrosplenic fistula.

Infarto esplénico como complicación de gastrectomía vertical laparoscópica. Reporte de caso / Splenic infarction as a complication of laparoscopic vertical gastrectomy. Case report

La gastrectomía vertical laparoscópica es actualmente la cirugía bariátrica más empleada a nivel mundial. Aunque es un procedimiento seguro y efectivo pueden ocurrir complicaciones mayores. En el presente trabajo reportamos el caso de un infarto y absceso esplénico como una rara complicación de esta técnica, que requirió finalmente de esplenectomía como tratamiento definitivo. Caso clínico: Mujer de 22 años con obesidad grado I, a quien se le practicó gastrectomía vertical laparoscópica con buena evolución intrahospitalaria y egreso a las 48 horas. Al 4to día posoperatorio consultó por fiebre, dolor abdominal, taquipnea y taquicardia. Mediante tomografía computada de abdomen se diagnosticó infarto esplénico parcial. Recibió tratamiento médico con remisión inicial de los síntomas, los cuales reaparecieron a la 3era semana. Se reinició el tratamiento médico, esta vez sin respuesta, y con evolución al absceso esplénico. Se decidió esplenectomía como tratamiento definitivo logrando la recuperación completa de la paciente. Conclusión: El infarto esplénico es una complicación infrecuente de la gastrectomía vertical. Su tratamiento inicial es médico, reservando la esplenectomía para los casos que no responden(AU)

Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy is currently the most performed bariatric surgery worldwide. Although it is an effective and safe procedure major complications can occur. In the present manuscript we report a case of splenic infarct and abscess as a rare complication of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy, finally requiring a splenectomy as a definitive treatment. Case report: A 22 years old woman with grade I obesity underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy with good hospital evolution and 48 hours discharge. On the 4th postoperative day she return because fever, abdominal pain, tachypnea and tachycardia. By means of a computed tomography a splenic infarct was diagnosed. She received medical treatment with initial remission of symptoms, which reappear at the third week. Medical treatment was restarted, this time without success, and with progression to splenic abscess. We decided a splenectomy as definitive treatment achieving a complete patient recovery. Conclusion: Splenic infarction is a rare complication after sleeve gastrectomy. The treatment is non surgical, reserving the splenectomy for the non responded cases(AU)

Absceso esplénico post traumático / Splenic abscess post-traumatic

RESUMEN Los abscesos esplénicos son afecciones infrecuentes, pero con alta mortalidad atribuida a un diagnóstico tardío debido fundamentalmente a la ausencia de síntomas y signos específicos. Presentamos un paciente con antecedente de trauma 6 meses antes en región toraco abdominal, que ingresó con un síndrome febril prolongado de causa no precisada. Se constató la existencia de dolor a la palpación en región de hipocondrio izquierdo, que por ultrasonido abdominal, informa presencia de una lesión hipo ecogénica en un bazo aumentado de tamaño y en la angio tomografía no se evidencio fuga de contraste Se aplicó antibioticoterapia y drenaje percutáneo bajo tomografía con la cual se logró buena respuesta clínica, con evolución favorable y se evitó su esplenectomía.

ABSTRACT Splenic abscesses are infrequent conditions, but with high mortality attributed to a late diagnosis, mainly due to the absence of specific symptoms and signs. We present a patient with a history of trauma 6 months earlier in the abdominal thorax region, who was admitted with a prolonged febrile syndrome of unknown origin. The existence of palpation pain in the left hypochondrium region was confirmed by abdominal ultrasound, the presence of a hypo-echogenic lesion in an enlarged spleen and in the angio tomography no evidence of contrast leakage. Antibiotic therapy and percutaneous drainage were applied under tomography with good clinical response, with favorable evolution and splenectomy was avoided.

Asymptomatic Splenic Cysts in an Immunocompromised Patient: Should They Be Investigated / 대한소화기학회지

Splenic abscess is a rare disease that generally occurs in immunocompromised patients. It is difficult to distinguish between splenic abscesses and cysts using imaging studies, especially if they are asymptomatic. A 50-year-old asymptomatic man who had received steroid therapy for underlying rheumatoid arthritis was referred to a university hospital due to presence of several splenic cysts, with the largest being 3.5 cm in diameter. Percutaneous aspiration was performed, and fluid analysis showed cysts infected by extended-spectrum, beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli. The patient was treated with ertapenem for four weeks, and the lesion disappeared on follow-up imaging studies. Splenic abscess should be included as a differential diagnosis of splenic cystic lesions in immunocompromised patients.

Absceso hepático a Klebsiella pneumoniae

Se presenta caso de varón, diabético, con fiebre prolongada, ictericia y hepatoesplenomegalia. Por ecografía se constata absceso hepático y esplénico. Fue tratado exitosamente con antibiótico y drenaje percutáneo del absceso hepático. Se aisló Klebsiella pneumoniae en sangre y líquido drenado del hígado.

This is the case of a diabetic man with prolonged fever, ictericia and hepatosplenomegaly. Ultrasonography confirms hepatic and splenic abscesses. Patient was successfully treated with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of the hepatic abcess. Klebsiella pneumoniae was isolated from blood and liquid drained from liver.

Sclerosing angiomatoid nodular transformation of spleen masquerading as a splenic abscess.

Here we report an incidental case of sclerosing angiomatoid nodular transformation (SANT) in an open splenectomy specimen from a young man who presented with insidious abdominal pain. The condition was mimicking as a splenic abscess. Histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis confi rmed this to be SANT. SANT presents a diagnostic challenge to clinicians, radiologists, as well as pathologists because of its extreme rarity. Therefore, it must be included as a differential diagnosis in cases with nonspecifi c pain or radiological splenic mass. This case highlights that SANT can present with varied clinical features and at a wide range of ages. A high index of suspicion is required for its diagnosis.

Absceso esplénico. Revisión del tema / Splenic abscess. Review of this subject

Los abscesos esplénicos son afecciones infrecuentes, pero con alta mortalidad. En la actualidad, los cuadros de inmunosupresión han aumentado su incidencia, provocados, generalmente, por metástasis sépticas a partir de infecciones sistémicas, muy frecuentemente endocarditis bacteriana. Se presentó un paciente, con antecedente de linfangitis crónica, que ingresó con un síndrome febril prolongado de causa no precisada. Se constató la existencia de esplenomegalia muy dolorosa a la palpación y se corroboró, por ultrasonido abdominal, la presencia de una lesión hipoecogénica en un bazo aumentado de tamaño. Se aplicó antibioticoterapia, pero no se obtuvo respuesta clínica satisfactoria y se decidió la esplenectomía con la cual se logró buena respuesta clínica y evolución favorable.

Splenic abscesses are infrequent conditions but with high mortality. Currently,immunosuppression cases have increased their incidence, usually caused by septic metastases from systemic infections, very frequently by bacterial endocarditis. A patient with a history of chronic lymphangitis is presented here. This patiente showed a prolonged febrile syndrome of unknown etiology. During admission, painful splenomegaly on palpation was noted and abdominal ultrasound confirmed a hypoechoic injury in enlarged spleen. Antibiotic treatment was applied, but since no satisfactory clinical response was seen, splenectomy was decided to perform. Good and favorable clinical response was obtained.

Ruptured splenic abscess presenting as peritonitis: a case report.

Incidence of splenic abscess is a rare -0.05-0.7% and rarer still is the rupture of the abscess. We present a patient who presented with features of peritonitis and investigations and emergency laparotomy revealed a ruptured splenic abscess with dense adhesions between spleen and diaphragm, stomach, splenic flexure, kidney and lateral abdominal wall due to perisplenitis. Patient was treated with emergency splenectomy and antibiotics. Patient recovered although after a stormy immediate post operative period due to septicaemia. This case is presented owing to the rarity of presentation.

A retrospective analysis of 19 splenic abscess patients / 中华内科杂志

Objective To analyze the clinical manifestations,diagnosis,treatment and prognosis of patients with splenic abscess.Method The clinical data,including baseline clinical data,clinical features,past history,pathogen culture result,treatment and the prognosis were retrospectively analyzed in the patients with the discharge diagnosis splenic abscess from January 1991 to March 2012 in Peking Union Medical College Hospital.Results The media time from onset to Peking Union Medical College Hospital of the 19 patients were 29 days.Among them,9 patients were cured,8 were improved and 2 died.Risk factors,such as tumor burden,diabetes,and using immunosuppressive agents etc,can be found in most patients with splenic abscess.All the 19 patients had splenic image changes and non-specific clinical features.The most common three clinical symptoms were fever(18 cases),chills (12 cases) and shivering (11 cases).The most common three signs were abdominal tenderness (9 cases),left upper quadrant sensitive to percussion (7 cases) and splenomegaly (4 cases).The most common etiological culture results were gram negative bacilli (9 cases),gram positive coccus (8 cases),and fungi (4 cases).Conclusions Clinical features are non-specific in splenic abscess patients.Related exam such as ultrasound should be performed on patients with splenic abscess risk factors to avoid misdiagnosis.Empiric antibiotic administration should begin right after the diagnosis based on the image.Pathogen culture should be timely conducted after pus collection.Individual therapeutical protocol should be chosen according to patient's condition.

Asymptomatic, isolated tubercular splenic abscess, in an immunocompetent person.

Tubercular splenic abscess in an immunocompetent person, especially when the patient is without any symptoms, is a rare clinical entity. We report a case of isolated tubercular splenic abscess in a 38-year-old asymptomatic healthy female and emphasize the importance of careful smear examination. The patient had come to the hospital for repair of vaginal vault prolapse. Her abdominal ultra sonography showed normal sized spleen with hypoechoic areas suggesting abscess. Fine needle aspiration of splenic lesion revealed tubercle bacilli on Ziehl Neelsen stain. The organisms also grew on culture. The splenic lesions cleared after six months of treatment with anti tubercular drugs at our Directly Observed Treatment centre under Revised National TB Control Programme. The patient was operated successfully for vault prolapse one year later.

Clinical profile of patients having splenic involvement in tuberculosis.

Background: Tuberculosis of spleen is very rare, usually seen in disseminated or miliary form of the disease and in patients having HIV infection. Splenic tuberculosis is currently described poorly in available literature. Objectives: In this series, we analyzed the clinical profile of patients having splenic involvement in tuberculosis. Methods: Patients of tuberculosis (pulmonary and/or extra-pulmonary) with abnormal splenic parenchymal lesion on ultrasound were scanned in the light of demographic, clinical, radiological features, response to treatment and co-morbid illnesses. In selected eligible cases, CT scan abdomen and ultrasound guided FNAC of spelnic lesion was also done. Results: Most of the patients (62%) were in the age group of 25-50 years with male/female ratio of 3:1. Constitutional symptoms such as fever (75%), anorexia (50%), and weight loss (10%) were common presentations apart from other symptoms such as pain abdomen (62%) and distention (12%). Half of these patients also had HIV infection. 62% patients had associated pulmonary tuberculosis. Other body sites involved were ascites (50%), intraabdominal lymph nodes (37%), pleural effusion (37%), cervical lymph nodes (12%), intestine (12.5%), etc. Ultrasonographic findings were multiple splenic abscess (62%), multiple diffuse, hypo-echoic foci (25%), solitary abscess and calcified granuloma (6%). About 44% patients became asymptomatic after receiving Category I treatment under RNTCP with complete clearance of initial sonographic abnormality in splenic parenchyma. Conclusion: The splenic involvement in tuberculosis seems to be more frequent in patients with HIV infection and in disseminated form of disease. Ultrasonography of the spleen is simple, easily available, affordable, non-invasive, imaging technique highly useful for the diagnosis of splenic involvement in tuberculosis. The sonographic findings should be correlated with overall clinical presentation with demonstration of tuberculosis at other body sites and image guided FNAC may be considered in cases with isolated splenic involvement.

A case of primary splenic lymphoma presenting as a splenic abscess / 대한내과학회지

Primary splenic lymphoma (PSL) is very rare, with a reported incidence of less than 1% of all malignant lymphomas. The differential diagnosis of a solitary splenic mass should include benign entities, such as hemangioma, hamartoma, simple cyst, and metastatic carcinoma, as well as abscess. We report a case of primary splenic lymphoma presenting as a splenic abscess. A 27-year-old man presented with left upper quadrant pain for 3 days. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) revealed a splenic mass, a well-defined hypodense lesion (4.5*4 cm) in the posterosuperomedial aspect of the spleen. The patient improved clinically with percutaneous drainage of the spleen cystic mass and antibiotic therapy. After 8 months, he presented again with left upper quadrant pain and fever. Abdominal CT revealed progression of the splenic mass (5*.5 cm) with some internal hemorrhage. The patient underwent splenectomy for a definitive diagnosis and treatment. At surgery, a splenic tumor was found with no evidence of it involving other sites, and it was confirmed pathologically as a diffuse large B cell lymphoma of the spleen.

Brucella Endocarditis with Splenic Abscess: A Report of the First Case Diagnosed in Korea

Human brucellosis has a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations, which includes endocarditis, a focal complication that is uncommon yet responsible for the majority of associated deaths. The most successful treatment outcomes of Brucella endocarditis have been reported with usage of both antimicrobial agents and surgery. However, there are few reports on the treatment of Brucella endocarditis using antibiotics only. We report the first case in Korea of Brucella endocarditis with aortic valve vegetations and an accompanying splenic abscess, which were treated successfully with antibiotic therapy alone.

Subtotal splenectomy for splenic abscess / Esplenectomia subtotal para abscesso esplênico

BACKGROUND: Splenic abscess is a rare condition but carries high mortality (up to 100 percent when untreated) and surgery has been the standard of therapy. CASE REPORT: An adult male had been undergone thrombolytic therapy for a heart attack and presented spontaneous intrasplenic hematoma which, subsequently, have turned into an abscess. Once it was a large multiloculated collection, subtotal splenectomy was the only treatment that could spare some splenic tissue. This approach was carried out successfully and the patient is presently healthy. CONCLUSION: Subtotal splenectomy is an effective option for the management of splenic abscesses.

INTRODUÇÃO: Abcesso esplênico é condição rara e trás consigo alta mortalidade (quase 100 por cento quando não tratado) e a cirurgia é a forma de tratamento de escolha. RELATO DE CASO: Homem adulto foi submetido à terapia tromboembólica como tratamento de enfarte de miocárdio e apresentou hematoma espontâneo de baço, o qual tranformou-se em abcesso. Desde que ele era multiloculado e grande, esplenectomia subtotal foi considerada o único tratamento que poderia retirar todo o tecido comprometido. Este procedimento foi realizado com sucesso e o paciente evoluiu bem sem complicações. CONCLUSÃO: Esplenectomia sub-total é uma efetiva opção para o manuseio dos abcessos esplênicos.

Febre crônica associada a abscesso esplênico causado por Staphylococcus epidermidis / Chronic fever associated with splenic abscess due to Staphylococcus epidermidis

Abscessos ocultos são causa freqüente de febre crônica. Os abscessos esplênicos são entidades raras, usualmente associadas a quadros subjacentes de cirurgia abdominal, endocardite ou imunodepressão. Apresenta-se um caso de paciente com febre prolongada causada por um abscesso esplênico, cujo principal diagnóstico diferencial era leishmaniose visceral, que provavelmente esteve associado a traumatismo abdominal. O tratamento consistiu em antibioticoterapia seguida de esplenectomia.

Occult abscesses are frequent causes of chronic fever. Splenic abscesses are rare entities that are usually associated with underlying conditions such as abdominal surgery, endocarditis or immunodepression. We report on the case of a patient with prolonged fever caused by a splenic abscess, whose main differential diagnosis was visceral leishmaniasis. However, this condition was probably related to abdominal trauma. The treatment consisted of antibiotics followed by splenectomy.