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Introducción: La esofagectomía es actualmente el tratamiento curativo del cáncer de esófago. El objetivo de este trabajo es conocer los resultados de la esofaguectomía mínimamente invasiva a corto y medio plazo en pacientes intervenidos de carcinoma epidermoide y adenocarcinoma de esófago en nuestro hospital. Material y Métodos: Se recogieron 19 pacientes desde enero de 2020 hasta junio de 2021 y se realizó el seguimiento a todos ellos durante 20 meses. Se recogieron diferentes variables relacionadas con el paciente, el tumor, la cirugía y referentes al postoperatorio. Los datos fueron almacenados y procesados usando el software estadístico R-Comander asumiendo un error α de 0,05. Resultados: La mediana de estancia hospitalaria total fue de 29 días. Seis pacientes, precisaron de reingreso en Reanimación: dos por shock séptico secundario a la fuga de anastomosis grado III, uno por hemorragia digestiva alta y los tres por insuficiencia respiratoria. A los 90 días reingresaron un 5,3% del total de pacientes. No se produjeron fallecimientos en los tres meses siguientes a la cirugía. Todos los pacientes presentaron una supervivencia mayor de seis meses. La supervivencia global a seis, 12 y 18 meses se sitúa en 100, 84 y 63%. La supervivencia libre de enfermedad a los tres meses fue del 84%, a los 6 meses del 63% y al año el 58%. Discusión: Los resultados obtenidos en nuestro estudio coinciden con lo que hay reflejado en la literatura. Por tanto, la esofagectomía mínimamente invasiva es una técnica efectiva en el tratamiento del cáncer de esófago.
Introduction: Oesophagectomy is currently the curative treatment for oesophageal cancer. The aim of this study is to know the results of minimally invasive oesophagectomy in the short and medium term in patients operated on for squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus in our hospital. Material and Methods: 19 patients were collected from January 2020 to June 2021 and all of them were followed up for 20 months. Different variables related to the patient, tumour, surgery and postoperative period were collected. Data were stored and processed using R-Comander statistical software assuming an α-error of 0.05. Results: The median total hospital stay was 29 days. Six patients required readmission to resuscitation: two for septic shock secondary to grade III anastomotic leak, one for upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage and three for respiratory failure. At 90 days, 5.3% of the total number of patients were re-admitted. There were no deaths in the three months following surgery. All patients had a survival of more than six months. Overall survival at six, 12 and 18 months was 100, 84 and 63%. Disease-free survival at three months was 84%, at six months 63% and at one year 58%. Discussion: The results obtained in our study coincide with those reported in the literature. Minimally invasive oesophagectomy is therefore an effective technique in the treatment of oesophageal cancer.
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Objective To investigate the causes and countermeasures of 159 cases of surgical complications and reduce the incidence of surgical complications.Methods According to the statistical caliber of surgical complications in"Operation Manual for Performance Appraisal of National Third-level Public Hospitals(2023 Edition)",the data of discharged surgical pa-tients from January 1,2021 to June 30,2023 were extracted from the medical record management system,and the data were sor-ted by EXCEL software and statistically processed by SPSS statistical software.The difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Results There was no gender difference.There were 57 cases of surgical complications at the age of 70-79.The most complications of thoracic surgery were 45 cases;The main surgical complications were grade Ⅲ and Ⅳ operations,accounting for 99.37%,and the titles of the chief surgeon were chief physician and deputy chief physician,accounting for 94.34%.Among 159 cases of surgical complications,pulmonary artery thrombosis ranked first,accounting for 15.72%.Conclusion The man-agement of surgical complications needs the support of information technology,strengthening preoperative risk assessment,impro-ving the grading management system of surgery,reducing the number of postoperative complications and reducing medical risks.
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Los fracasos y complicaciones en el campo de la cirugía bucal son analizados generalmente desde un punto de vista técnico o biológico. En términos generales, a partir del es- píritu fragmentario del conocimiento, se tiende a enfocar la atención odontológica en la parte técnica y teórica. Actual- mente se están produciendo cambios socioculturales que están generando modificaciones en los paradigmas de la atención odontológica, considerando también la comunicación con el paciente y la situación psicológica tanto del paciente como del equipo profesional. En este editorial se busca reflexionar so- bre estos temas analizando perspectivas más integradas para lograr un mayor equilibrio en la atención profesional (AU)
Failures and complications in the field of oral surgery are generally analyzed from a technical or biological point of view. In general terms, based on the fragmentary spirit of knowledge, dental care tends to be focused on the technical and theoretical knowledge. We are currently witnessing so- ciocultural changes that are producing modifications in the paradigms of dental care, also considering communication with the patient and the psychological situation of both the patient and the professional team. This editorial seeks to re- flect on these issues, considering the most integrated visions to achieve greater balance in professional care (AU)
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Humains , Erreurs médicales/prévention et contrôle , Rôle professionnel/psychologie , Dentistes/psychologie , Complications peropératoires/épidémiologie , Résultat thérapeutique , Échec de restauration dentaire , Relations dentiste-patientRésumé
Resumen Los fracasos y complicaciones en el campo de la cirugía bucal son analizados generalmente desde un punto de vista técnico o biológico. En términos generales, a partir del espíritu fragmentario del conocimiento, se tiende a enfocar la atención odontológica en la parte técnica y teórica. Actualmente se están produciendo cambios socioculturales que están generando modificaciones en los paradigmas de la atención odontológica, considerando también la comunicación con el paciente y la situación psicológica tanto del paciente como del equipo profesional. En este editorial se busca reflexionar sobre estos temas analizando perspectivas más integradas para lograr un mayor equilibrio en la atención profesional.
Abstract Failures and complications in the field of oral surgery are generally analyzed from a technical or biological point of view. In general terms, based on the fragmentary spirit of knowledge, dental care tends to be focused on the technical and theoretical knowledge. We are currently witnessing sociocultural changes that are producing modifications in the paradigms of dental care, also considering communication with the patient and the psychological situation of both the patient and the professional team. This editorial seeks to reflect on these issues, considering the most integrated visions to achieve greater balance in professional care.
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Introducción: la mujer de hoy exige una cirugía lo más efectiva, segura y estética posible. Objetivo: determinar la prevalencia de las complicaciones posquirúrgicas en pacientes mastectomizadas por cáncer de mama. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio cuantitativo, observacional y descriptivo en un universo de 137 pacientes sometidas a mastectomía, por cáncer de mama comprobado histológicamente, en 2019, en los hospitales General Provincial Carlos Manuel de Céspedes y Clínico Quirúrgico Docente Celia Sánchez Manduley, de Granma. Se evaluaron las variables edad, extensión de la mastectomía, lateralidad, aparición de complicaciones, tipo de complicación, estadio tumoral y diagnóstico histológico. Resultados: la media de edad de las pacientes mastectomizadas fue de 56,53 años, y la mastectomía radical modificada fue el proceder quirúrgico más realizado (76 mamas). La incidencia de complicaciones fue del 52,17 % (1,24 % intraoperatoria), siendo la complicación de mayor prevalencia el linfedema (29,63 %). En relación con el tipo histológico, el carcinoma ductal infiltrante sin especificar (77,54 %) fue el más frecuente, y con los estadios tumorales, el IIIB (22,46 %) y el IV (22,46 %) fueron los de mayor prevalencia. La incidencia de las complicaciones aumentó en la medida en que se elevó el estadio tumoral. Conclusiones: la incidencia de las complicaciones posquirúrgicas en la mastectomía fue elevada, relacionándose con el estadio tumoral.
Introduction: today's woman demands the most effective, secure and esthetic surgery possible. Objective: to determine the prevalence of post-surgery complications in patients mastectomized by breast cancer Materials and methods: a quantitative, observational and descriptive study was carried out in a universe of 137 patients who underwent a mastectomy by histologically proven breast cancer, in 2019, in the General Provincial Hospital Carlos Manuel de Cespedes and in the Clinical Surgical Teaching Hospital Celia Sanchez Manduley, of Granma. The variables age, extension of mastectomy, laterality, appearance of complications; type of complication, tumoral stage and histologic diagnosis were evaluated. Results: the mean age of mastectomized patients was 56.53 years, and modified radical mastectomy was the most performed procedure (76 mammae). The incidence of complications was 52.17% (1.24% intra-operatory), being lymphedema (29.63%) the most prevalent complication. In relation to the histologic type, unspecified infiltrating ductal carcinoma (77.54%) was the most frequent one, and tumoral stages IIIB (22.46%) and IV (22.46%) were the most prevalent. The incidence of complications increased as the tumor stage increased. Conclusions: the incidence of postsurgical complications in mastectomy was high, in relation with the tumor stage.
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Objective To compare the surgical safety of elderly hospitalized patients in different age groups undergoing general surgery,and provide references for preoperative evaluation and treatment decision-making.Methods The inpatients ≥ 60 years old in the department of general surgery were selected from a national multi-center survey conducted from January to June in 2015 and from January to June in 2016.The patient characteristics and postoperative outcomes were described,and the risk factors for adverse postoperative outcomes of patients in different age groups were explored.Results The elderly patients (≥75 years old) accounted for 17.33%.The non-elderly patient (< 75 years old) group and the elderly patient (≥75 years old) group had significant differences in the proportions of patients with three or more chronical diseases (13.18% vs.5.36%,P<0.001),emergency surgery (16.64% vs.7.62%,P<0.001),American Society of Anesthesiologists score≥3 (48.68% vs.27.28%,P<0.001),and postoperative return to the intensive care unit(33.64% vs.12.00%,P<0.001).The occurrence of postoperative infectious complications showed no significant difference between the two age groups (7.29% vs.6.40%,P=0.410),while severe complications differed between the two groups (6.51% vs.2.60%,P<0.001).Besides,emergency surgery was a common independent risk factor for the two age groups.Conclusions Advanced age is not a contraindication to surgery of elderly patients.With consideration to patient's physical conditions and available surgical resources,elderly patients can still benefit from surgery.
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Humains , Adulte d'âge moyen , Sujet âgé , Complications postopératoires/épidémiologie , Période postopératoire , Facteurs de risqueRésumé
Purpose: To compare the visual outcomes and intraoperative complications between phacoemulsification and manual small-incision cataract surgery (MSICS) in cases of posterior polar cataract (PPC). Methods: A retrospective study was carried out involving 142 patients (164 eyes) with PPC who underwent cataract surgery between January and December 2017. Data collected include the demographic details, preoperative uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), type of cataract, intraocular pressure, anterior and posterior segment findings, type of surgery performed, intraoperative complications, postoperative UCVA on the first day, UCVA and BCVA at 1 month after surgery, complications, and resurgery details. Results: In total, 90 patients (107 eyes) underwent phacoemulsification, and 52 patients (57 eyes) underwent MSICS. There was no significant difference in the mean age, sex, and type of PPC between the two groups (P = 0.326, 0.852, and 0.220, respectively). Patients who underwent phacoemulsification had significantly better preoperative BCVA (P = 0.002). The BCVA on first postoperative day and 1 month after surgery was better in the phacoemulsification group than in the MSICS group (P < 0.001 and 0.002, respectively). The overall incidence of posterior capsular rupture (PCR) was 11.6%, which included the 10.3% in phacoemulsification and 14.0% in MSICS. There was, however, no significant difference in the rates of PCR between the two groups (P = 0.506). Conclusion: Phacoemulsification delivered better postoperative visual outcomes than MSICS in PPC patients, whereas the complication rates were similar between the two groups.
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Purpose: To determine the most preferred method of operating brown cataracts among ophthalmologists in India. Methods: A cross?sectional, questionnaire?based study was conducted among ophthalmologists all over India through electronic and social media from May 1 to June 15, 2022. All single, voluntary entries within the stipulated time period were accepted for analysis. Results: A total of 230 ophthalmologists participated in the study among which 198 (86%) preferred Manual small-incision cataract surgery (mSICS) as the first option. This was preferred due to the high risk of complications associated (40, 33.6%) as well as endothelial damage due to increased Phaco power (53, 47.9%). The majority of the surgeons (162, 70.4%) preferred a superior tunnel for SICS, and 51.7% (119) performed continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis in 100% of their cases. The most common complication encountered was posterior capsular rupture (PCR) (66%), followed by zonular dialysis (ZD) (18.7%), whole bag removal (8.3%), and Descemet抯 membrane detachment (7%). Conclusion: Despite diverse recent new modalities of Femto Laser assisted cataract surgery (FLACS). Phakonit, and Smart Intraocular Lens (IOLs), the majority of ophthalmologists still find the manual small-incision cataract surgery (mSICS) procedure a safe surgery for mature brown cataracts.
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RESUMEN Antecedentes: el uso de la proteína C reactiva (PCR) ha adquirido relevancia como identificador de complicaciones posoperatorias La morbilidad en cirugía colorrectal se estima en un 30% de los pacientes operados, lo que demanda medidas para su temprana identificación y terapéutica. Objetivo: describir las curvas de mediciones sucesivas de PCR y su relación con el desarrollo de complicaciones posoperatorias y niveles de glóbulos blancos en una serie de pacientes operados de cirugía colorrectal. Materiales y métodos: se realizó una revisión retrospectiva sobre un registro prospectivo de 2205 pacientes operados por la División de Cirugía Gastroenterológica del Hospital de Clínicas, entre enero de 2019 y julio de 2020. Se incluyeron 69 pacientes que cumplieron con los criterios de selección. Se consignaron datos del seguimiento clínico y dosaje de PCR, recuento de glóbulos blancos, vía de abordaje y desarrollo de complicaciones. Resultados: el promedio de edad fue de 59 años (DS 13,6; rango 33-85), 31 fueron hombres (43%). La tasa de complicaciones fue del 13,04%; más frecuente fue la fístula anastomótica (fístula, colección), seguida por complicaciones de la herida (hematoma, evisceración). Todos los pacientes mostraron un ascenso inicial del valor de PCR entre el 2° y 3er día, en relación con la lesión quirúrgica, los no complicados presentaron una cinética de descenso y los complicados. curvas de segundo ascenso o no descenso en las mediciones seriadas de PCR, y exhibían valores superiores de PCR cada día Se advirtieron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los valores de proteína C reactiva al 5° día posoperatorio en el subgrupo de pacientes complicados con respecto a aquellos con un curso indolente (28 mg/dL vs. 6,1 mg/dL, p < 0,001; IC: 11,24-39,61). hubo diferencia significativa al 5o día entre complicados y no complicados, independientemente de la vía de abordaje. con un valor de corte de PCR de 10,92 mg/dL obtuvimos una sensibilidad del 87,50% y una especificidad del 100% para excluir complicaciones. Conclusiones: la medición de la proteína C reactiva de forma seriada en los posoperatorios de cirugía colorrectal mostró un correlato con la identificación temprana de las complicaciones en nuestra serie, tanto en sus valores absolutos diarios como en la cinética de su comportamiento. se formula el uso de valores de corte para el alta segura.
ABSTRACT Background: The use of C-reactive protein (CRP) has gained relevance as a marker of marker of postoperative complications. As the incidence of complications of colorectal surgery is estimated to be of 30%, measures should for their early identification and treatment. Objective: To describe the performance of consecutive CRP determinations and their relationship with the development of postoperative complications and with white blood cell count in a series of patients undergoing colorectal surgery. Materials and methods: A retrospective review was performed using a prospective registry of 2205 patients operated on at the Department of Digestive Surgery of Hospital de Clínicas, between January 2019 and July 2020. A total of 69 patients fulfilling the selection criteria were included. Clinical follow-up data, CRP levels, white blood cell count, type of approach and development of complications were recorded. Results: Mean age was 59 years (SD 13.6; range 33-85) and 31 were men (43%). The complication rate was 13.04%. Anastomotic leak (fistula, fluid collection) was the most common complication, followed by surgical site complications (hematoma, evisceration). All patients showed an initial increase in CRP values between days 2 and 3, in relation with the surgical lesion, and then decreased in those without complications. Patients with complications had second rise or lack of decrease in serial CRP measurements, and higher CRP values each day. There were statistically significant differences between the CRP levels on postoperative day 5 in the subgroup of patients with complications compared with those with an indolent course (28 mg/dL vs. 6.1 mg/dL, p < 0.001; CI: 11.24-39.61). There was a significant difference on day 5 between patients with and without complications, irrespective of the approach. With a cut-off value of CRP of 10.92 mg/dL on postoperative day 5 we obtained a sensitivity of 87.50% and specificity of 100% to rule out complications. Conclusions: Serial determination of CRP in the postoperative period after colorectal surgery was associated with early identification of complications in our series, both in daily absolute values and in the kinetics of its performance. The use of cut-off values for safe discharge is proposed.
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Humains , Mâle , Femelle , Adulte , Adulte d'âge moyen , Sujet âgé , Sujet âgé de 80 ans ou plus , Complications postopératoires , Rectum/chirurgie , Protéine C-réactive , Côlon/chirurgie , Exentération pelvienne , Études rétrospectives , Études de cohortes , Laparoscopie/effets indésirables , Colectomie/effets indésirables , Chirurgie colorectale , Désunion anastomotiqueRésumé
Delayed gastric emptying (DGE) is a common complication following upper gastrointestinal surgery, especially following distal gastrectomy and partial pancreaticoduodenectomy (Whipple procedure). Its underlying mechanism remains unclear and needs to be elucidated. Through negative feedback mechanisms, duodenal distension inhibits gastric emptying. In our experience in performing a gastrojejunostomy, we speculate that this mechanism may still exist in the proximal jejunum and is activated by jejunal distension or stretching. There are many surgical factors leading to this mechanism activation. When a jejunal anastomosis is created by a relative large caliber of a circular stapling device, the mucosa may suffer from a circumferential scratch or bruising injury resulting in local inflammation. Afferent loop twisting may also lead to distal duodenum and/or jejunal distension. In addition, a mild/slight tension may exist on the mesenteric side of the gastrojejuostomy, especially when the antecolic route for reconstruction of the gastrojejunostomy has been performed. The inflammatory mucosa may keep the jejunum circumferentially distended, the bowel twist might compromise the lumen patency, and tension on gastrojejuostomy would stretch the jejunal wall. Any of these factors might contribute to the mechanisms of DGE by the negative feedback mechanisms.
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Introducción: La pérdida de funcionalidad es una condición común en adultos mayores con cáncer y la decisión de intervenir quirúrgicamente depende de las comorbilidades y estado funcional. Objetivo: Determinar la asociación entre el estado funcional y complicaciones quirúrgicas en adultos mayores varones con cáncer en el Centro Médico Naval. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de tipo cohorte retrospectiva, análisis secundario de una base de datos de adultos mayores varones con cáncer, seguidos por dos años y atendidos en el Centro Médico Naval del Perú. Las variables fueron: complicaciones quirúrgicas, estado funcional, comorbilidades, síndromes geriátricos y tipo de cáncer. Resultados: Se evaluó a 385 participantes, edad promedio de 79,69 años (desviación estándar = 4,55). El 39,74 por ciento (n =153) presentó complicaciones quirúrgicas, con una asociación a la presencia de comorbilidades, presencia de dos o más síndromes geriátricos 69,93 por ciento (n =107), dependencia funcional para actividades básicas 51,63 por ciento (n =79) y dependencia funcional para actividades instrumentales 35,95 por ciento (n = 55). De acuerdo con la frecuencia de complicaciones según el tipo de neoplasia se encontró más frecuente para cáncer colorrectal en un 46,41 por ciento (n = 71). Conclusiones: Existe una asociación significativa entre la dependencia funcional y complicaciones quirúrgicas, por lo que es importante no solamente para el tratamiento quirúrgico sino también farmacológico, considerar el estado funcional del paciente para un tratamiento favorable y por lo tanto un mejor pronóstico(AU)
Introduction: Loss of functionality is a common condition in older adults with cancer, while any decision to intervene surgically depends on comorbidities and functional status. Objective: To determine the association between functional status and surgical complications in male older adults with cancer at Centro Médico Naval. Methods: A retrospective cohort-type study was carried out, with secondary analysis of a database of male older adults with cancer followed up for two years and treated at Centro Médico Naval of Peru. The variables were surgical complications, functional status, comorbidities, geriatric syndromes and type of cancer. Results: A number of 385 participants were assessed. Their mean age was 79.69 years (standard deviation: 4.55). 39.74 percent (n=153) presented surgical complications, with an association to the presence of comorbidities, the presence of two or more geriatric syndromes in 69.93 percent (n=107), functional dependence for basic activities in 51.63 percent (n=79), and functional dependence for instrumental activities in 35.95 percent (n=55). Regarding the frequency of complications according to type of neoplasm, the most frequent occurrence was that of colorectal cancer, accounting for 46.41 percent (n=71). Conclusions: There is a significant association between functional dependence and surgical complications, a reason why it is important, not only in surgical but also in pharmacological treatment, to consider the functional status of the patient in view of a favorable treatment and, therefore, a better prognosis(AU)
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Humains , Sujet âgé , Complications postopératoires/étiologie , Tumeurs colorectales/complications , Évaluation gériatrique/méthodes , Tumeurs/chirurgie , Études rétrospectives , Études de cohortesRésumé
Introducción: Los aneurismas aórticos abdominales constituyen un problema de salud por la alta mortalidad que provocan. Su seguimiento y tratamiento son fundamentales para evitar las complicaciones posquirúrgicas. Objetivo: Caracterizar las principales complicaciones posquirúrgicas de los pacientes con aneurisma de la aorta abdominal operados electivamente. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional y descriptivo en 94 pacientes operados de forma electiva en el Instituto Nacional de Angiología y Cirugía Vascular por presentar un diagnóstico de aneurisma de la aorta abdominal. Las variables de estudio fueron: edad, sexo, color de la piel, enfermedades asociadas, diámetro del aneurisma, profilaxis antibiótica, tiempo quirúrgico, tipo de prótesis vascular, tipo de complicación posoperatoria, tiempo de aparición de las complicaciones, estadía hospitalaria posoperatoria y estado al egreso. Se determinaron las frecuencias absolutas y relativas. Resultados: El 56,4 por ciento de los pacientes operados presentó algún tipo de complicación, las cuales fueron más frecuentes en el sexo masculino por encima de los 60 años. Las más predominantes resultaron la bronconeumonía (24,5 por ciento) y las arritmias cardíacas (20,8 por ciento). La proporción de complicaciones se mostró mayor en los pacientes con injertos bifurcados, así como en aquellos sin profilaxis y con un tiempo quirúrgico prolongado. Hubo mayor frecuencia de enfermedades cardiovasculares entre los fallecidos. Conclusiones: En los pacientes operados de forma electiva de aneurisma de la aorta abdominal predominaron las complicaciones respiratorias y cardiovasculares, estas últimas provocaron un aumento en la mortalidad(AU)
Introduction: Abdominal aortic aneurysms are a health problem because of the high mortality they cause. Their follow-up and treatment are essential to avoid post-surgical complications. Objective: Characterize the main post-surgical complications of patients with electively operated abdominal aortic aneurysm. Methods: An observational and descriptive study was conducted in 94 electively operated patients at the National Institute of Angiology and Vascular Surgery after having a diagnosis of abdominal aortic aneurysm. The study variables were: age, sex, skin color, associated diseases, aneurysm diameter, antibiotic prophylaxis, surgical time, type of vascular prosthesis, type of postoperative complication, time of onset of complications, postoperative hospital stay, and state at discharge moment. Absolute and relative frequencies were determined. Results: 56.4 percent of operated patients had some form of complication, which were more common in the males over 60 years. The most predominant complications were bronchopneumonie (24.5 percent) and cardiac arrhythmias (20.8 percent). The proportion of complications was shown to be higher in patients with forked grafts, as well as in those without prophylaxis and with prolonged surgical time. There was a higher frequency of cardiovascular diseases among the deceased patients. Conclusions: In patients electively operated of abdominal aortic aneurysm, there was a predominance of respiratory and cardiovascular complications, and the latter caused an increase in mortality(AU)
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Humains , Mâle , Adulte d'âge moyen , Troubles du rythme cardiaque/complications , Complications postopératoires , Maladies cardiovasculaires/mortalité , Anévrysme de l'aorte abdominale/diagnostic , Épidémiologie Descriptive , Étude d'observationRésumé
RESUMEN Introducción: la propia asistencia médica provoca, en determinadas situaciones, problemas de salud que pueden llegar a ser importantes para el enfermo. El análisis de la mortalidad es uno de los parámetros utilizados para investigar la seguridad en la realización de procederes de cirugía mayor. Objetivo: determinar los factores asociados a la mortalidad operatoria en cirugías mayores. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y retrospectivo, de los pacientes que fallecieron tras la realización de una cirugía mayor, en el Hospital Militar Docente Dr. Mario Muñoz Monroy, de Matanzas, en el período comprendido de enero de 2011 a diciembre de 2019. Resultados: la tercera edad aportó 77,3 % de los fallecidos. La hipertensión arterial, diabetes mellitus y cardiopatía isquémica fueron las principales comorbilidades. El abdomen agudo fue el diagnóstico operatorio más frecuente con 98 (58,3 %). Las complicaciones aportaron el 11,9 % de los fallecidos; los eventos adversos, 29,7 %, y por el curso natural de la enfermedad, murió un 58,3 %. El síndrome de disfunción múltiple de órganos y el shock séptico resultaron las principales causas de muerte (62 %). Conclusiones: la mortalidad operatoria estuvo asociada a factores de riesgo como edad avanzada, enfermedades crónicas y cirugía de urgencia. Los eventos adversos elevan la incidencia de mortalidad en cirugía mayor. Las infecciones son la principal causa de mortalidad operatoria (AU).
ABSTRACT Introduction: medical care itself causes, in certain situations, health problems that could be very important for the patient. The mortality analysis is one of the parameters used to study safety performing procedures of major surgery. Objective: to determine the factors associated to operatory mortality in major surgeries. Materials and methods: a retrospective, descriptive and observational study was carried out of the patients who passed away after undergoing a major surgery in the Military Hospital Dr. Mario Munoz Monroy in the period between January 2011 and December 2019. Results: 77.3 % of the deceased were elder people. The main co-morbidities were arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus and ischemic heart disease. The most frequent surgery diagnosis was acute abdomen with 98 patients (58.3 %). Complications yielded 11.9 % of the deceases, adverse events 29.7 % and 58.3 % died due to the natural course of the disease. The organs multiple dysfunction syndrome and septic shock were the main causes of dead (62 %). Conclusions: operatory mortality was associated to risk factors like advanced age, chronic diseases and emergency surgery. The adverse events increase mortality incidence in major surgery. Infections are the main causes of operatory mortality (AU).
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Humains , Mâle , Femelle , Procédures de chirurgie opératoire/mortalité , Mortalité hospitalière/tendances , Blocs opératoires/méthodes , Chirurgie générale/méthodes , Département hospitalier de chirurgie/normes , Département hospitalier de chirurgie/tendances , Patients hospitalisés , Complications peropératoires/chirurgieRésumé
Abstract Background: This study describes 35 years of experience in a tertiary care level hospital that treats cardiac patients with univentricular heart physiology who underwent Glenn surgery. Methods: The study consisted of a retrospective analysis of patients who underwent Glenn surgery, including variables related to pre-operative, intra-operative, and post-operative morbidity and mortality. Results: From 1980 to 2015, 204 Glenn surgeries were performed. The most common heart disease was tricuspid atresia IB (19.2%). In 48.1% of the cases, the procedure was performed with antegrade flow. A bilateral Glenn procedure was performed in 12.5% of the cases and 10.3% were carried out without using a cardiopulmonary bypass pump. Reported complications included infections, bleeding, arrhythmias, chylothorax, neurological alterations, and pleural effusion. The mortality rate was 2.9% Conclusions: Glenn surgery is a palliative surgery with good results. It significantly improves patient quality of life over a long period until a total cavopulmonary shunt is performed. The complications observed are few, and the mortality rate is low. Therefore, it is a safe surgery that should be used for univentricular congenital heart disease.
Resumen Introducción: El objetivo de este trabajo fue describir la experiencia de 35 años en un hospital de tercer nivel con pacientes cardiópatas con fisiología univentricular que fueron sometidos a cirugía de Glenn. Métodos: Se presenta un análisis retrospectivo de los pacientes sometidos a cirugía de Glenn. Se incluyeron variables relacionadas con la morbilidad y la mortalidad preoperatorias, transoperatorias y posoperatorias. Resultados: Desde 1980 hasta 2015 se realizaron 204 cirugías de Glenn para la corrección de cardiopatías. De ellas, la más frecuente fue la atresia tricuspídea IB (19.2%); en el 48.1% se realizó Glenn con flujo anterógrado, en el 12.5% Glenn bilateral y el 10.3% de las cirugías fueron sin apoyo de bomba de circulación extracorpórea. Las complicaciones reportadas fueron infecciones, sangrado, arritmias, quilotórax, alteraciones neurológicas y derrame pleural. La mortalidad fue del 2.9%. Conclusiones: La cirugía de Glenn es un procedimiento paliativo que se ha utilizado con buenos resultados. Mejora en forma importante la calidad de vida del paciente durante un largo periodo mientras que se realiza la derivación cavopulmonar total. Presenta pocas complicaciones y muy baja mortalidad, por lo que es una cirugía segura que debe ser utilizada para cardiopatías congénitas univentriculares.
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Humains , Anastomose cavopulmonaire , Cardiopathies congénitales , Artère pulmonaire , Qualité de vie , Études rétrospectives , Cardiopathies congénitales/chirurgieRésumé
Resumo Fundamento Remoção de cabos-eletrodos de dispositivos cardíacos eletrônicos implantáveis (DCEI) é procedimento pouco frequente e sua realização exige longo treinamento profissional e infraestrutura adequada. Objetivos Avaliar a efetividade e a segurança da remoção de cabos-eletrodos de DCEI e determinar fatores de risco para complicações cirúrgicas e mortalidade em 30 dias. Métodos Estudo prospectivo com dados derivados da prática clínica. De janeiro/2014 a abril/2020, foram incluídos, consecutivamente, 365 pacientes submetidos à remoção de cabos-eletrodos, independentemente da indicação e técnica cirúrgica utilizada. Os desfechos primários foram: taxa de sucesso do procedimento, taxa combinada de complicações maiores e morte intraoperatória. Os desfechos secundários foram: fatores de risco para complicações intraoperatórias maiores e morte em 30 dias. Empregou-se análise univariada e multivariada, com nível de significância de 5%. Resultados A taxa de sucesso do procedimento foi de 96,7%, sendo 90,1% de sucesso completo e 6,6% de sucesso clínico. Complicações maiores intraoperatórias ocorreram em 15 (4,1%) pacientes. Fatores preditores de complicações maiores foram: tempo de implante dos cabos-eletrodos ≥ 7 anos (OR= 3,78, p= 0,046) e mudança de estratégia cirúrgica (OR= 5,30, p= 0,023). Classe funcional III-IV (OR= 6,98, p<0,001), insuficiência renal (OR= 5,75, p=0,001), infecção no DCEI (OR= 13,30, p<0,001), número de procedimentos realizados (OR= 77,32, p<0,001) e complicações maiores intraoperatórias (OR= 38,84, p<0,001) foram fatores preditores para mortalidade em 30 dias. Conclusões Os resultados desse estudo, que é o maior registro prospectivo de remoção de cabos-eletrodos da América Latina, confirmam a segurança e a efetividade desse procedimento no cenário da prática clínica real. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; 115(6):1114-1124)
Abstract Background Transvenous lead extraction (TLE) of cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIED) is an uncommon procedure and requires specialized personnel and adequate facilities. Objectives To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the removal of CIED leads and to determine risk factors for surgical complications and mortality in 30 days. Methods Prospective study with data derived from clinical practice. From January 2014 to April 2020, we included 365 consecutive patients who underwent TLE, regardless of the indication and surgical technique used. The primary outcomes were: success rate of the procedure, combined rate of major complications and intraoperative death. Secondary outcomes were: risk factors for major intraoperative complications and death within 30 days. Univariate and multivariate analysis were used, with a significance level of 5%. Results Procedure success rate was 96.7%, with 90.1% of complete success and 6.6% of clinical success. Major intraoperative complications occurred in 15 (4.1%) patients. Predictors of major complications were: lead dwelling time ≥ 7 years (OR = 3.78, p = 0.046) and change in surgical strategy (OR = 5.30, p = 0.023). Functional class III-IV (OR = 6.98, p <0.001), renal failure (OR = 5.75, p = 0.001), CIED infection (OR = 13.30, p <0.001), number of procedures performed (OR = 77.32, p <0.001) and major intraoperative complications (OR = 38.84, p <0.001) were predictors of 30-day mortality. Conclusions The results of this study, which is the largest prospective registry of consecutive TLE procedures in Latin America, confirm the safety and effectiveness of this procedure in the context of real clinical practice. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; 115(6):1114-1124)
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Humains , Pacemaker/effets indésirables , Défibrillateurs implantables/effets indésirables , Études prospectives , Études rétrospectives , Résultat thérapeutique , Ablation de dispositifRésumé
Background: The incidence of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is increasing globally due to an aging population and widespread use of imaging studies. Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics and perioperative outcomes of RCC surgery in very elderly patients (VEP), ≥75 years of age. Methods: This is a retrospective comparative study of 3656 patients who underwent the treatment for RCC from 1990 to 2015 in 28 centers from eight Latin American countries. We compared baseline characteristics as well as clinical and perioperative outcomes according to age groups (<75 vs.≥ 75 years). Surgical complications were classified with the Clavien-Dindo score. We performed logistic regression analysis to identify factors associated with perioperative complications. Results: There were 410 VEP patients (11.2%). On bivariate analysis, VEP had a lower body mass index (p < 0.01) and higher ASA score (ASA >2 in 26.3% vs. 12.4%, p < 0.01). There was no difference in performance status and clinical stage between the study groups. There were no differences in surgical margins, estimated blood loss (EBL), complication, and mortality rates (1.3% vs. 0.4%, p = 0.17). On multivariate regression analysis, age ≥75 years (odds ratio [OR] 2.33, p < 0.01), EBL ≥ 500 cc (OR 3.34, p < 0.01), and > pT2 stage (OR 1.63, p = 0.04) were independently associated with perioperative complications. Conclusions: Surgical resection of RCC was safe and successful in VEP. Age ≥75 years was independently associated with 30-day perioperative complications. However, the vast majority were low-grade complications. Age alone should not guide decision-making in these patients, and treatment must be tailored according to performance status and severity of comorbidities. (REV INVEST CLIN. 2020;72(5):308-15)
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Humains , Sujet âgé , Sujet âgé de 80 ans ou plus , Néphrocarcinome/chirurgie , Amérique latineRésumé
Background: The WHO in 2009 published the surgical safety checklist (SSC) for reducing the surgical complications. For its successful implementation it is imperative to identify the current knowledge, attitude and practices of the involved personnel and explore the anticipated barriers. Objective of this study was to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practices of the participants about the SSC and determine the possible challenges in its implementation.Methods: This study is a descriptive, cross-sectional study involving the use of a pre-tested questionnaire carried out in a teaching hospital. All personnel involved in the operation theater who gave their written consent were enrolled.Results: Awareness regarding the SSC is high and existing practices are favorable towards patient safety amongst Hospital personnel. Attempts should be made to educate all personnel to gain complete knowledge regarding the checklist. The anticipated barriers, of which lack of knowledge was found to be the most prominent, should be dealt with.Conclusions: A strategy aimed at proper education, stepwise implementation, alleviating the hindrances and regular feedbacks can result in decreasing the surgery related complications and morbidities through implementation of the surgical safety checklist.
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Purpose: To assess the role of surgical peripheral iridectomy (PI) in preventing iris-related complications associated with glued intraocular lens (GIOL) surgery in children with bilateral ectopia lentis. Methods: Nonrandomized interventional case series of 34 eyes of 17 children (<15 years of age) who underwent pars plana lensectomy (PPL) and GIOL surgery between January 2013 and December 2016. Eyes with surgical PI (January 2013–June 2015) were compared with those without surgical PI (July 2015–December 2016). The primary outcome measure of the role of surgical PI in GIOL surgery was to account for complications such as optic capture, secondary glaucoma, intraocular lens (IOL) dislocation, or repeat surgery. The secondary outcomes were changes in the best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA). Results: The mean age at surgery was 8.8 years (range: 3.5–15 years). Surgical PI was conducted in 15 eyes. Among the 19 eyes without PI, 9 eyes had complications (optic capture –6; rise in IOP –4; IOL subluxation –4; repeat surgery –5). The complications were significantly less in the PI group, P = 0.02. There was a statistically significant improvement in BCVA (P = 0.0001) in all the patients. The mean presenting BCVA was 0.99 (±0.79) logMAR (Snellen ? 20/200) and post BCVA was 0.40 (±0.50) (Snellen ? 20/50). The mean preoperative refraction was ? 9 D (±8D) (range: ?5 D to ?23D) and postoperative was ?1 (±1.15) D. The mean follow-up was 25.4 months. Conclusion: Surgical PI along with GIOL surgery in children undergoing PPL is shown to reduce optic-capture-related complications.
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Purpose: To evaluate surgical outcomes, complications and learning curve of glued intraocular lens surgery by a vitreoretinal (VR) fellow in training. Methods: Analysis of 50 eyes requiring glued intraocular lens (GIOL) surgery for various indications was done. Both the consultant VR surgeon (Group 1) and VR fellow in training (Group 2) operated 25 eyes each. The primary outcome measures were visual acuity at 3 months, and time taken for completion of surgery. Secondary outcome measures were refractive correction, intraocular pressure and intraoperative or postoperative complications. Results: The uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) improved from log MAR 1.54�56 (Snellen 20/693) to 0.45�26 (Snellen 20/56) and from 1.64�53 (Snellen 20/873) to 0.56�45 (Snellen 20/72) in group 1 and 2, respectively. The best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) improved from log MAR 0.74�61 (Snellen 20/109) to 0.33�26 (Snellen 20/42) and from 1�68 (Snellen 20/200) to 0.40�50 (Snellen 20/50) in group 1 and 2, respectively (P > 0.05). The surgical time was significantly less in group 1 when compared to that of group 2 (64.26 vs 107.16 minutes) P value <0.05). The mean time taken for the initial 10 cases and later 15 cases in group 2 were 131.9 and 91.2 minutes, which was statistically significant. The complication rates in both groups were comparable. Transient hypotony (IOP < 11) was seen in 56% (14/25) of eyes in group 2 and 44% (11/25) in group 1 (P = 0.39). Conclusion: The study results are encouraging for a VR fellow with good short-term visual outcomes and comparable surgical complications. The procedure gives promising results and the learning curve is overcome by a desire to learn and with increasing number of procedures done under supervision.
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Introduction: Cataract is the most frequently performed surgery in the world. The beginner cataract surgeon at our institute is first trained in extra capsular cataract extraction followed by training in manual small incision cataract surgery. Once trained in these two surgical arts, the surgeon is then step wise graduated to doing phacoemulsification. We designed a study to compare the major surgical complications and visual outcome of Phacoemulsification versus MSICS performed by resident doctors at our centre. Aim: The aim of the study was to compare the visual outcome and major surgical complications of Phacoemulsification versus Manual Small Incision Cataract Surgery (MSICS) performed by resident doctors at our Western Regional Institute of Ophthalmology. Methods: 253 eyes of 203 patients with visually significant cataract presenting to our outpatient department wer enrolled. The study was carried out at our Regional Institute of Ophthalmology. The study design is a prospective, non-randomized cohort study. Informed consent for cataract surgery was taken from every patient. The data of consecutive resident phacoemulsification and manual small incision cataract surgeries done from December 2017 to February 2018 was analyzed. Phacoemulsification was done by post Master of Surgery JR4. MSICS was done by JR3 and JR2. Results: Both the surgeries in all the three resident groups had good visual outcome. The rate of major surgical complications was 3.70%for JR4 performing phacoemulsification,2.6%and 5.74% for JR3 and JR2 respectively performing MSICS. The overall major surgical complication rate for MSICS was 4.52%. Conclusion: We conclude that Phacoemulsification and MSICS can be taught to resident doctors with good visual results and a comparable rate of major surgical complications. The beginner resident surgeon graduates comfortably from MSICS to phacoemulsification with low complication rates and good visual results.