Surgical techniques in bariatric surgery: minimally invasive approaches and long-term outcomes

Obesity is a worldwide epidemic, and current weight loss strategies frequently do not effectively tackle the problem. Bariatric surgery effectively addresses this issue. A systematic research study was done to investigate minimally invasive bariatric operations, using 32 studies from a pool of 2,118 data. Bariatric surgery was found to greatly assist in weight reduction and enhance general health results. Procedures such as gastric balloon, gastric banding, and gastric bypass can decrease the weight of obese people and alleviate associated health conditions. Sleeve gastrectomy is highly successful and yields favorable long-term results. The procedure used relies on the patient's health and the surgeon's discretion. The primary risk factor is the recurrence of weight or the need for revision surgery. Ultimately, bariatric procedures provide weight loss and long-term health benefits, but it is important to acknowledge the associated surgical risks. Immediate dangers include of blood clotting, intestine blockage, bleeding, infections, abdominal pain, nausea, heartburn, vomiting, ulcers, and other issues associated with surgery. Long-term consequences include of dumping syndrome, starvation, and weight regain.

Modified bilateral fasciaperichondrial flap for prominent ear correction

Abstract Objective: Various techniques have been described in the literature for prominent ear correction. These cartilage-preserving or cartilage-shaping techniques have their own advantages and disadvantages. We aim to achieve aesthetic and stable results with low complication rates using combinations of these methods. Herein, we present our results of prominent ear surgery with a modified bilateral fasciaperichondrial flap in combination with concha-mastoid and concha-scaphal sutures. Methods: Patients whose surgeries included a modified bilateral fasciaperichondrial flap for prominent ear deformities were included in the study. Patients' demographic data, pre- and postoperative Concha-Mastoid Angle (CMA) and upper-middle Helix-Mastoid Distances (HMD), follow-up time, complications, secondary operations, and postoperative Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) results were evaluated. With a postauricular fish-mouth incision, the bilateral fasciaperichondrial flap was planned into two: proximal- and distal-based. They were then elevated from the cartilage subperichondrially on the proximal side and supraperichondrially on the distal side. Concha-scaphal sutures were used to form an antihelical rim along with concha-mastoid sutures to reduce the concha-mastoid angle. Conchal cartilage resection was done if needed. Then, the bilateral fasciaperichondrial flaps were sutured together to cover the concha-mastoid and concha-scaphal sutures. Results: Between May 2017 and May 2021, 32 ears of 17 patients were operated on dueto prominent ear deformity. No hematoma or infection was observed in any patient, and there were no instances of recurrence, suture exposure, hypertrophic scars, or keloids. The satisfaction level of all patients was 8.2 ± 0.9 points on average according to the VAS. In the anthropometric measurements, a statistically significant difference was found between preoperative and postoperative sixth month CMA and HMD values. Conclusion: A combination of suture techniques and a modified bilateral fasciaperichondrial flap may be used in prominent ear cases, with low recurrence rates and high patient satisfaction. Level of evidence: III.

Inside-out and outside-in: Tips and tricks in posterior lenticonus

Background: Posterior lenticonus is a congenital condition characterized by the thinning and bowing of posterior lenticular capsule. Cataract develops when normal intra?lenticular pressure bulges the posterior capsule at the circumscribed portion of inherent thin posterior lens capsule, leading to derangement of lamellar lens fibers. This condition poses a surgical challenge as the presentation varies from thin, bulging posterior capsule to large, pre?existing posterior capsular dehiscence. Purpose: This video highlights the tips for the surgical management of various scenarios of posterior lenticonus. Synopsis: In this video, tips for surgical management of various scenarios of posterior lenticonus are illustrated. Intraoperatively, ruptured posterior capsule is suspected by the presence of a fish?tail sign. The anterior capsulotomy is relatively easier in a flatter anterior lens capsule, owing to reduced intra?lenticular pressure. Hydro?dissection is avoided to prevent extension of pre?existing posterior capsular dehiscence or creation of rupture in a thinned?out capsule. The peripheral lens cortex aspiration is initiated first, followed by in each quadrant. In a presence of ruptured posterior capsule by vigilant inspection at this stage, the surgeon should change the direction of lens matter aspiration by aspirating the central lenticular matter first, followed by peripheral cortex like “inside?out”. In absence of posterior capsule dehiscence, peripheral cortex is aspirated first, followed by central lens matter aspiration like “outside?in”. Adequate anterior vitrectomy is performed until there are no vitreous tags. Highlights: In the presence of pre?existing posterior capsular defect, the lens matter is aspirated from the center (inside?out), whereas in the absence of capsular defect, the lens matter is aspirated from the periphery (outside?in).

Revision Stapedotomies: The Role of Periprosthetic Scar Tissue Formation in the Development of Unsatisfactory Hearing Results after Stapedotomy

Abstract Introduction Revision stapes surgeries are difficult to perform, and their audiological results are inferior to primary surgeries. Objective Our goal was to identify the most common and most influential postoperative reasons that cause persistent air-bone gap (ABG) after the primary surgery. Our focus was concentrated on the mechanical dysfunctions in the middle ear, with special regard to postoperative adhesion formation. Methods We performed a retrospective case series study with 23 cases that underwent revision stapedotomies. Results A significant improvement was seen in ABG and air conduction levels after surgery. The periprosthetic adhesion formation was seen in 65% of the cases, and it was the primary cause behind the unsatisfactory hearing result in 30% of cases. There was no significant difference in the level of persistent ABGs after the primary surgery, in case of the intratympanic adhesion presence, compared with the presence of other surgical failures. Concerning hearing and ABG gain after revision surgery, the non-inferiority of the negative effect associated with adhesion was shown compared with the other reasons. Conclusion The revision stapedotomy is an efficient treatment option in case of persistent ABG. Periprosthetic adhesions are the most common intratympanic reasons for compromised audiological outcomes after stapedotomy.

Técnicas cirúrgicas de extração em terceiros molares inclusos / Técnicas quirúrgicas de extracción en terceros molares incluidas / Surgical extraction techniques in third molars included

Objetivo: Relatar a importância da avaliação e indicação correta de técnicas cirúrgicas para extração de terceiros molares inclusos. Metodologia: Com esta revisão bibliográfica pretende-se conhecer um pouco melhor estas abordagens cirúrgicas, comparando-as, e perceber, através de estudos publicados em bases de dados como a Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), Scientific Eletronic Library Online (SciELO) e PubMed, no recorde temporal de 2015 a 2021. Resultados: O presente estudo demonstrou a importância da técnica cirúrgica bem aplicada na vida profissional do cirurgião dentista, auxiliando no ato operatório para a exodontia de terceiros molares inclusos, diminuindo riscos e otimizando tempo cirúrgico e a resposta pós-operatória do paciente. Conclusão: O cirurgião dentista deve estar apto técnica e cientificamente, a fim de diagnosticar e tratar as inclusões dentárias. Importa enfatizar a importância do conhecimento de todos os critérios de indicação e contraindicação, sinonímia, conduta pré e pós-operatória, técnica e tática cirúrgica que, em conjunto, terão papel fundamental no êxito do caso abordado, atenuando as chances da ocorrência de acidentes e complicações cirúrgicas... (AU)

Objetivo: Informar la importancia de la evaluación e indicación correcta de las técnicas quirúrgicas para la extracción de los terceros molares incluidos. Metodología: Con esta revisión bibliográfica, pretendemos conocer un poco mejor estos abordajes quirúrgicos, comparándolos, y percibirlos, a través de estudios publicados en bases de datos como la Literatura Latinoamericana y del Caribe en Ciencias de la Salud (LILACS), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) y PubMed, en el registro temporal 2015 a 2021. Resultados: El presente estudio demostró la importancia de la técnica quirúrgica bien aplicada en la vida profesional del odontólogo, asistiendo en la cirugía para la extracción de terceros molares incluidos, reduciendo riesgos y optimizando el tiempo quirúrgico y la respuesta postoperatoria del paciente. Conclusión: El dentista debe ser capaz técnica y científicamente para diagnosticar y tratar las inclusiones dentales. Es importante destacar la importancia de conocer todos los criterios de indicación y contraindicación, sinomesia, conducta pre y postoperatoria, técnica quirúrgica y tácticas que, en conjunto, jugarán un papel fundamental en el éxito del caso abordado, atenuando las posibilidades de accidentes y complicaciones quirúrgicas... (AU)

Objective: To report the importance of the evaluation and correct indication of surgical techniques for the extraction of third molars included. Methodology: With this literature review, we intend to know these surgical approaches a little better by comparing them, and to perceive, through studies published in databases such as the Latin American and Caribbean Literature on Health Sciences (LILACS), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) and PubMed, in the time record 2015 to 2021. Results: The present study demonstrated the importance of the surgical technique well applied in the professional life of the dentist, assisting in the surgery for the extraction of third molars included, reducing risks and optimizing surgical time and postoperative response of the patient. Conclusion: The dentist should be able technically and scientifically in order to diagnose and treat dental inclusions. It is important to emphasize the importance of knowing all the criteria of indication and contraindication, synomy, pre- and postoperative conduct, surgical technique and tactics that, together, will play a fundamental role in the success of the case addressed, attenuating the chances of accidents and surgical complications... (AU)

Facial restoration after trauma - nasolabial in monkey bugio - Alouatta caraya (Humboldt, 1812) - first case report / [Restauração facial pós trauma nasolabial em macaco bugio - Alouatta caraya (Humboldt, 1812) - relato de caso]

In the last decades in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul - Brazil, the reduction in the preservation of areas due to the degradation of the biome and destruction of the natural environment has caused animals, mainly in the order of non-human primates, to come closer to towns and highways, increasing the number of accidents and in some cases, deaths. New surgical techniques have been developed that favor these species as explained in this report. The howler monkey patient was traumatized in the facial region damaging important vital structures such as facial muscle groups responsible for swallowing food, chewing, breathing, defense, and communication (vocalization and mimicry), in addition to the cartilaginous nasal structures. However, reconstructive facial surgical techniques, used on humans, showed satisfactory results from an anatomical, functional, and aesthetic point of view in howler monkey, with acceptance of the animal with a safe postoperative period for a full recovery of the primate patient.(AU)

Nas últimas décadas, no estado do Mato Grosso do Sul - Brasil, a redução de áreas preservadas pela degradação de biomas e pela destruição de habitat naturais tem favorecido a aproximação de animais - muitos desses, primatas não humanos - em cidades e rodovias, aumentando o número de acidentes e, em alguns casos, de mortes. Novas técnicas cirúrgicas têm sido desenvolvidas, favorecendo essas espécies, como reportado neste trabalho. O paciente macaco bugio foi traumatizado em região facial, envolvendo importantes estruturas vitais, como grupos musculares faciais responsáveis pela apreensão alimentar, mastigação, respiração, defesa e comunicação (vocalização e mímicas), além das estruturas cartilaginosas nasais. No entanto, técnicas cirúrgicas reconstrutivas em face aplicadas e descritas em humanos apresentaram resultados satisfatórios dos pontos de vista anatômico, fisiológico e visual nos macacos bugio, com aceitação deles diante do estresse, com pós-operatório seguro, resultando na reabilitação do paciente primata.(AU)

The application of thoracoscopic segmentectomy in children and infants with congenital pulmonary diseases / 中华胸心血管外科杂志

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of anatomic thoracoscopic pulmonary segmentectomy in the treatment of congenital pulmonary diseases in children and infants.Methods:There were 38 cases, 21 males and 17 females, aged from 6 months to 10 years old and 2 months, mean(28.1±20.7) months, and weight 6.0-27.5 kg, mean(11.93±4.05) kg who were scheduled to undergo thoracoscopic segmental pneumonectomy from July 2019 to March 2020. Among the 38 cases, there were 27 cases of congenital pulmonary airway malformation and 11 cases of intralobar pulmonary sequestrations, including 1 case of intralobar pulmonary sequestrations with extralobar pulmonary sequestrations and 1 case of intralobar pulmonary sequestrations with bronchial cyst. 3D computed tomography bronchography and angiography(3D-CTBA) was performed before operation to identify the specific lung segment of the lesion. According to the results to plan the operation plan, determine the specific resection of the lung segment.Results:The operation was completed successfully in all groups. The operation time was(72.5±18.2)min, the bleeding volume was(17.3±2.9) ml, chest tube drainage time was(3.1±0.8) days, and the postoperative discharge time was(8.1±2.8) days. Postoperative complications included infection(1 case), atelectasis(1 case), hydropneumothorax(1 case) and pneumothorax(1 case). There was no conversion to thoracotomy and enlarged pulmonary lobectomy. There was no recurrence during the follow-up of 1-9 months.Conclusion:Lung-preserving segmentectomy is technically feasible and safe for congenital pulmonary diseases in children. The 3D-CTBA technique can be used to understand the specific pulmonary segments invaded by the lesions and the relationship between the corresponding pulmonary vessels and bronchi before operation, which is of positive significance for the resection of complex pulmonary segments and good preoperative surgical planning.

Operación cesárea. Una revisión histórica / Caesarean section. A historical review

La operación cesárea que hoy en día realizamos de forma casi rutinaria en la mayoría de centros hospitalarios del mundo es consecuencia de una apasionante búsqueda de mejoras por las generaciones precedentes de obstetras. A lo largo de los años, la cesárea ha experimentado importantes cambios en la técnica quirúrgica, en la frecuencia de su práctica y en sus indicaciones, tanto maternas como fetales. En los siglos XVII, XVIII y XIX implicaba una elevadísima mortalidad materna, por lo que únicamente se realizaba en casos desesperados, con la esperanza del salvar al nasciturus. La introducción de los principios de asepsia-antisepsia por Semmelweis, Koch, Lister y Halsted, la sutura de la herida uterina, la incisión en el segmento uterino inferior y la incisión transversa en el segmento inferior del útero supusieron una importante disminución de la mortalidad materna. En la segunda mitad del siglo XX, el empleo de la antibio-ticoterapia, la transfusión sanguínea, el perfeccionamiento de la anestesia y de los cuidados perioperatorios, así como la modificación ulterior de algunas técnicas quirúrgicas, ha conseguido reducir ampliamente la morbimortalidad asociada a esta intervención. Todos estos cambios han conseguido que la cesárea haya pasado de ser una operación in extremis que condenaba con gran probabilidad a la paciente, a una técnica que en la actualidad es demandada por algunas mujeres como sustitución del parto vaginal.

The cesarean section is an operation routinely performed in the majority of hospitals around the world. The cesarean section came to be as an early generation of obstetricians passionately searched for a way to improve their field. Throughout the years, it has experien-ced numerous changes: the surgical technique, it's frequency, and it's medical indications (both fetal and maternal). During the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries it implied a very high maternal mortality rate, which left it as a last resort option with the only hope to save the nasciturus. The introduction of asepsis and antisepsis (Semmelweis, Koch, Lister, and Halsted at the end of the 19th century), the suture of the uterine wall, and the transverse incision in the lower uterine segment drastically reduced maternal mortality. During the second half of the 20th century, the use of antibiotics and blood transfusions, improvements in anesthesia and perioperative care, and the further modifications to the surgical technique considerably reduced the morbidity and mortality associated with the operation. All these changes transformed the cesarean section from a surgical intervention done in extremis, where the mother would probably die, to a technique currently demanded by some women as a substitute to the vaginal delivery.

Application of cataract surgery in the management of glaucoma / 中华实验眼科杂志

Cataract surgeries are mainly used in the management of glaucoma in two circumstances: first, lens extraction to improve visual acuity in patients with controlled glaucoma and coexisting cataract; second, lens extraction to control glaucoma and other related complications.This article introduces the application of eight cataract surgical techniques in the management of glaucoma, which is even more challenging.To have a successful outcome after cataract surgeries, it is crucial to have comprehensive evaluation of patients, carefully analyze the optimal timing and indications of surgeries, and improve surgical techniques.

Surgical techniques and clinical observation of Descemet's stripping automated endothelium keratoplasty in bullous keratopathy / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM: To evaluate the clinical effects and safety of surgical techniques in Descemet stripping automatic endothelial keratoplasty(DSAEK)in bullous keratopathy.<p>METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 10 patients with bullous keratopathy treated in our hospital from December 2018 to December 2019 in our hospital, including 4 males(4 eyes), 6 females(6 eyes). Descemet stripping automatic endothelial keratoplasty(DSAEK)was performed with every patient. In addition to the conventional surgical procedures, the surgical technique such as the setting of the anterior chamber perfusion tube, the design of the incision, and the peripheral corneal puncture during the operation were performed. Follow-up for 6mo, the recovery of corneal grafts and postoperative dislocations, double anterior chambers, and other complications were observed, including best corrected visual acuity(BCVA), anterior segment optical coherence tomography, corneal endothelial cell count and incidence of postoperative complications.<p>RESULTS: All patients had smooth surgery, no intraoperative complications occurred, and no postoperative dislocations or interlaminar effusions occurred; postoperative intraocular pressure was normal, and the BCVA was improved to different degrees than before surgery. The symptoms such as tearing and photophobia gradually reduced from 1d after surgery, and completely relieved after 2wk. Corneal stroma edema decreased within 1mo after operation, and the central corneal thickness(596.8±19.11μm)was significantly thinner than that before operation(874.0±58.64μm). During the follow-up period, all patients were stable and the corneal grafts remained transparent, but the corneal endothelial counts were reduced to varying degrees.<p>CONCLUSION: The application of surgical techniques in DSAEK can significantly reduce intraoperative and postoperative complications, improve the safety of surgery, and has clinical value in bullous keratopathy.

Application of cataract surgery in the management of glaucoma / 中华实验眼科杂志

Cataract surgeries are mainly used in the management of glaucoma in two circumstances:first,lens extraction to improve visual acuity in patients with controlled glaucoma and coexisting cataract;second,lens extraction to control glaucoma and other related complications.This article introduces the application of eight cataract surgical techniques in the management of glaucoma,which is even more challenging.To have a successful outcome after cataract surgeries,it is crucial to have comprehensive evaluation of patients,carefully analyze the optimal timing and indications of surgeries,and improve surgical techniques.

Reproductive control of capybaras through sterilization in areas at risk of transmission of brazilian spotted fever / Controle reprodutivo de capivaras através de esterilização em áreas de risco de transmissão da febre maculosa brasileira

ABSTRACT: Groups of capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) are currently frequent inhabitants of urban areas. The species participates in the transmission cycle of Brazilian spotted fever (BSF), a zoonosis that is caused by the bacteria R. rickettsii and transmitted by vector ticks. This has led to discussions on strategies to decrease the presence of this rodent through contraceptive methods and euthanasia, thus reducing their capacity to carry and transport ticks, which would be an important contribution to public health. Two condominiums and one business establishment in the interior of the state of São Paulo were used as case studies in the present investigation. All areas were classified by the Endemic Control Superintendence as risk areas for the transmission of BSF and presented the specie of ticks A. sculptum and A. dubitatum The objective of this study was to carry out sterilization procedures with animals that presented seropositive results for BSF. A total of 85 surgical procedures were conducted on immune capybaras, with authorization from DeFau/SMA-SP. For all procedures the animals were anesthetized with ketamine hydrochloride combined with xylazine and morphine. Two alpha males isolated themselves from the group after the vasectomy procedure, returning to their hierarchical position after 5 to 14 days. Population monitoring in the areas should be maintained indefinitely and conducting annual serological management until the natural death of these individuals. Tubal ligation, vasectomy and salpingo-oophorectomy were demonstrated to be simple and low-risk procedures in capybaras. These techniques assist in the population control of this species in enclosed areas with risk of BSF transmission, thus decreasing the need for euthanasia.

RESUMO: Grupos de capivaras (H. hydrochaeris) são atualmente habitantes frequentes de áreas urbanas. A espécie participa do ciclo de transmissão da febre maculosa brasileira (FMB), uma zoonose causada pela bactéria R. rickettsii e transmitida por carrapatos vetoriais. Isso levou a discussões sobre estratégias para diminuir a presença desse roedor por meio de métodos contraceptivos e eutanásia, reduzindo sua capacidade de carrear e transportar carrapatos, o que seria uma importante contribuição para a saúde pública. Dois condomínios e um estabelecimento comercial no interior de São Paulo foram utilizados como estudos de caso na presente investigação. Todas as áreas foram classificadas pela Superintendência de Controle Endêmico como áreas de risco para a transmissão da FMB e apresentaram a espécie do carrapato A. sculptum e A. dubitatum. O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar procedimentos de esterilização com animais que apresentaram resultados soropositivos para a FMB. Foram realizados 85 procedimentos cirúrgicos em capivaras imunes, com autorização do DeFau / SMA-SP. Para todos os procedimentos, os animais foram anestesiados com cloridrato de cetamina combinado com xilazina e morfina. Dois machos alfa se isolaram do grupo após o procedimento de vasectomia, retornando à sua posição hierárquica após 5 a 14 dias. O monitoramento populacional nas áreas deve ser mantido indefinidamente e conduzindo-se o manejo sorológico anual até a morte natural desses indivíduos. Foi possível demonstrar que a ligação tubária, vasectomia e salpingo-ooforectomia são procedimentos de baixo risco em capivaras. Essas técnicas auxiliam no controle populacional desta espécie em áreas fechadas e com risco de transmissão de FMB, diminuindo a necessidade de eutanásia.

Treatment strategies of complicated extrahepatic bileduct stones / 中华消化外科杂志

Complicated extrahepatic bile duct stone is defined as not easy to achieve the treatment standard of total stone clearance, stricture removal, unobstructed drainage and recurrence preventing in a single operation or combined with other liver diseases, which include hepatic hilar bile duct stones incarceration, distal bile duct stone incarceration, Mirizzi syndrome, residual cystic duct stones, recurrent extrahepatic bile duct stones, and combined with portal hypertension or intrahepatic bile duct stones. Through comprehensive and meticulous preoperative evaluation, we can clarify the cause of extrahepatic bile duct stones, the location of stones and bile duct stenosis, the variability of bile duct, the anatomy of the hepatoduodenal ligament, the condition of liver function and biliary tract infection, and make the proper surgery plan. During the surgery, we apply the perihilar surgical techniques, pancreatic hilar plate reduction techniques, Oddi sphincter incision and shaping, and choledochoscopic lithotripsy and lithotomy comprehensively to achieve the goal of reducing residual stone rate and recurrence rate. It is important that reasonably select endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography indications, correctly hold indications of bilioenteric anastomosis, and prevent iatrogenic injury of extrahepatic bile ducts on the premise of clearing stones.

Treatment strategies of complicated extrahepatic bileduct stones / 中华消化外科杂志

Complicated extrahepatic bile duct stone is defined as not easy to achieve the treatment standard of total stone clearance,stricture removal,unobstructed drainage and recurrence preventing in a single operation or combined with other liver diseases,which include hepatic hilar bile duct stones incarceration,distal bile duct stone incarceration,Mirizzi syndrome,residual cystic duct stones,recurrent extrahepatic bile duct stones,and combined with portal hypertension or intrahepatic bile duct stones.Through comprehensive and meticulous preoperative evaluation,we can clarify the cause of extrahepatic bile duct stones,the location of stones and bile duct stenosis,the variability of bile duct,the anatomy of the hepatoduodenal ligament,the condition of liver function and biliary tract infection,and make the proper surgery plan.During the surgery,we apply the perihilar surgical techniques,pancreatic hilar plate reduction techniques,Oddi sphincter incision and shaping,and choledochoscopic lithotripsy and lithotomy comprehensively to achieve the goal of reducing residual stone rate and recurrence rate.It is important that reasonably select endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography indications,correctly hold indications of bilioenteric anastomosis,and prevent iatrogenic injury of extrahepatic bile ducts on the premise of clearing stones.

Clinical application value of modified invagination for pancreaticojejunostomy in pancreaticoduodenectomy / 中华消化外科杂志

Objective To explore the clinical application value of modified invagination for pancreaticojejunostomy in pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD).Methods The retrospective cohort study was conducted.The clinicopathological data of 39 patients who underwent PD in the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University from January 2014 to December 2017 were collected.There were 26 males and 13 females,aged (60±7)years,with a range of 41-75 years.All the 39 patients underwent PD,using Child method to reconstruct digestive tract.Of 39 patients,19 undergoing modified invagination for pancreaticojejunostomy and 20 undergoing mucosa-to-mucosa end-to-side pancreaticojejunostomy were allocated to innovative group and traditional group,respectively.Observation indicators:(1)surgical situations;(2) postoperative complications;(3) follow-up.Follow-up was performed by outpatient examination and telephone interview to detect postoperative tumor recurrence,main pancreatic duct dilatation,survival,and discomfort (abdominal pain,bloating,indigestion,etc.) of patients up to October 2018.Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean±SD,and comparison between groups was analyzed by t test.Measurement data with skewed distribution were represented as M (P25,P75) or M (range),and comparison between groups was analyzed by Mann Whitney U test.Count data were expressed as absolute numbers,and comparison between groups was analyzed by chi-square test or Fisher exact probability.Results (1) Surgical situations:operation time,volume of intraoperative blood loss,cases with soft pancreas or hard pancreas (pancreatic texture),pancreatic duct diameter,time of pancreatic duct removal,cases using somatostatin,and duration of postoperative hospital stay of the innovative group were (342±47) minutes,400 mL (300 mL,400 mL),10,9,3.1 cm (2.9 cm,3.4 cm),37 days (32 days,63 days),17,18 days (15 days,22 days),respectively,versus (392±95)minutes,400 mL (300 mL,525 mL),6,14,3.6 cm (2.6 cm,4.2 cm),43 days (34 days,49 days),18,and 24 days (15 days,27days) of the traditional group;there was no significant difference in the volume of intraoperative blood loss,cases with soft pancreas or hard pancreas (pancreatic texture),pancreatic duct diameter,time of pancreatic duct removal,cases using somatostatin,and duration of postoperative hospital stay between the two groups (Z=-0.775,x2 =2.063,Z=-1.155,Z=-0.295,x2 =0.003,Z=-1.286,P＞0.05);but a significant difference in operation time between the two groups (t =-2.114,P＜0.05).(2) Postoperative complications:6 patients in the innovative group had complications,including 1 of delayed gastric emptying,1 of wound infection,1 of pulmonary infection,1 of acute respiratory failure,1 of perihepatic effusion,and 3 of grade A pancreatic leakage;11 patients in the traditional group had postoperative complications,including 1 of bile leakage,2 of delayed gastric emptying,4 of abdominal infection,4 of wound infection,2 of pulmonary infection,1 of ascites,1 of abdominal hemorrhage,1 of pleural effusion,2 of grade A pancreatic leakage,5 of grade B and C pancreatic leakage;the same patient had multiple complications.There was no significant difference in postoperative complications between the two groups (x2=2.174,P＞0.05),but there was a significant difference in postoperative grade B and C pancreatic leakage between the two groups (P＜O.05).Patients with postoperative complications were improved after symptomatic support treatment,and no patient died during the perioperative period.(3) Follow-up:of the 39 patients,33 (18 in the innovation group and 15 in the traditional group) were followed up for 3-57 months,with a median follow-up time of 17 months.Of the 18 patients receiving follow-up in the innovative group,5 died of tumor recurrence and metastasis,with a survival time of 5-24 months,1 had tumor recurrence at 34 months after operation,1 had main pancreatic duct dilatation and intermittent abdominal pain and abdominal distension,5 had indigestion,1 had back pain,and 5 had good recovery.Of 15 patients receiving follow-up in the traditional group,10 died of tumor recurrence and metastasis,with a survival time of 3-57 months,2 had main pancreatic duct dilatation and intermittent abdominal pain and abdominal distension,2 had indigestion,1 had good recovery.Conclusion Compared with the traditional mucosa-to-mucosa end-to-side pancreaticojejunostomy,modified invagination for pancreaticojejunostomy in the PD is safe and feasible,which can simplify the operation,reduce the requirements for the operator's operation skills,shorten the operation time,and reduce incidence of postoperative grade B and C pancreatic leakage.

A retrospective study ofsimultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation from a single-center experience / 中华器官移植杂志

Objective To explore the surgical indications for pancreas-kidney surgery and summarize the experiences of ,selecting surgical approaches ,formulating immunosuppressive regimens and preventing complications .Methods A total of 145 donor simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplants in uremic patients with T1DM/T2DM between 2002 and 2018 were retrospectively analyzed .Based upon surgical approaches and immunosuppressive agents ,they were divided into three eras of 2002-2010 ,2011-2014 and 2015-2018 respectively .Patient profiles ,survival outcomes of patient and graft , surgical techniques ,immunosuppressive agents and incidence of common complications were compared among different groups .Results The overall 1/3/5-year patient and graft survival rates of three groups were above 75％ and the survival rates of group Ⅰ were inferior to those of groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ(P<0 .001) .The overall 1/3/5-year pancreas graft survival rates were the highest in group Ⅲ and the lowest in group Ⅱ (P=0 .004) .In the 2015-2018 group ,ipsilateral pancreas-kidney transplantation and SE-ED surgery were more preferred .Regarding the incidence of complications ,graft thrombosis frequently occurred from 2011 to 2014 and intestinal obstruction was more common from 2002 to 2010 .For univariable analysis of graft loss ,anticoagulation programme with argatroban monohydrate were 0 .28 times likely to lose pancreas graft (OR= 0 .28 ,95％ CI:0 .09-0 .86) and T1DM patients were 4 times likely to have kidney graft loss (OR=4 .08 ,95％ CI:1 .37-12 .15) .Conclusions SPK is an effective treatment for uremic diabetics . Effective perioperative management and preventing complications are crucial for prolonging patient and graft survivals .

Pinna synthetic mold for otoplasty techniques application / Molde sintético auricular para aplicação de técnicas de otoplastia

Abstract Introduction The ear deformity Tanzer type V, also known as prominent ears, is the most common genetic defect of the pinna. The surgery designed for its correction is known as otoplasty. This esthetic surgery can be performed using different techniques, which requires great skill of its operator. Objective The purpose of this work is the development of a new tool for otoplasty techniques training, aimed on the possibility to minimize errors during the otoplasty. Methods Synthetic molds of the external ear from patients with Tanzer type V deformity were made, using silicone material and rayon. Results The main procedures of otoplasty could be performed in the molds made of silicone and rayon with a good esthetic result. Conclusion The elaborated molds had identical size and shape of a human ear and could be positioned in the same shape of the patient ears. Thus, the synthetic molds were presented as promising simulation tools for the training and surgical enhancement of otoplasty, especially for doctors beginners.

Resumo Introdução A deformidade da orelha tipo V de Tanzer, também conhecida como orelhas proeminentes, é o defeito genético mais comum da aurícula. A cirurgia criada para sua correção é conhecida como otoplastia. Essa cirurgia estética pode ser feita com diferentes técnicas, o que requer grande habilidade de seu operador. Objetivo O objetivo desse trabalho é o desenvolvimento de uma nova ferramenta para o treinamento de técnicas de otoplastia, com o objetivo de minimizar erros durante a otoplastia. Método Foram feitos moldes sintéticos da orelha externa de pacientes com deformidade tipo V de Tanzer com material de silicone e rayon. Resultados Os principais procedimentos de otoplastia foram feitos nos moldes de silicone e rayon com um bom resultado estético. Conclusão Os moldes elaborados tinham tamanho e forma idênticos aos de uma orelha humana e puderam ser posicionados no mesmo formato das orelhas dos pacientes. Assim, os moldes sintéticos foram apresentados como ferramentas de simulação promissoras para o treinamento e aperfeiçoamento cirúrgico da otoplastia, especialmente para médicos iniciantes.

Application of perihilar surgical techniques in perihilar biliary tract tumours / 中华外科杂志

Perihilar biliary tract tumours include hilar cholangiocarcinoma, gallbladder cancer invading the hepatic hilum and intrahepatic cholangiocarcioma invading the hepatic hilum.The tumours have the special characteristics such as strong invasion capability, the anatomic variant, the pathophysiological complexity, the biological behavior diversity and the difficulty of preoperative evaluation which result in low R0 resection rate, more postoperative complications, more mortality and poor prognosis.The perihilar surgical techniques system aims to set a reasonable and individual operation procedure on the principle of precision surgery by taking the key technique of hilar dissection and exposing, evaluting the hilar anatomy by the means of three-dimensional digital medical image evaluation system, evaluting the relationship between the tumour and hepatic artery and portal vein under the condition of hepatic hilum complete exposure by combining anterograde and retrograde route from intra and extra-hepatic direction to hepatic hilum.The perihilar surgical techniques system is applied to improve the accuracy of resectable evaluation, the R0 radical resection rate, the safety of operation and the accuracy of cholangiojejunostomy through the accurate preoperative evaluation, the detailed operation plan, the accurate intraoperative reassessment, the perfect operative procedure and the excellent postoperative management, eventually for the purpose of reducing the postoperative complications rate and perioperative mortality and improving the prognosis of perihilar biliary tract tumours.

Modified percutaneous retrograde intramedullary screwing into superior pubic ramus or anterior acetabular column for pelvic and acetabular injury / 中华创伤骨科杂志

Objective To evaluate the safety and accuracy of modified percutaneous retrograde intramedullary screwing into the superior pubic ramus or anterior acetabular column for pelvic and acetabular injury.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted of the 23 patients with pelvic and acetabular injury who had been treated with modified percutaneous retrograde intramedullary screwing into the superior pubis ramus or anterior acetabular column from June 2015 to June 2017 in Luoyang Orthopaedic Hospital of Henan Province.They were 12 men and 11 women,aged from 22 to 88 years (mean,53 years).The injury included 17 pelvic fractures,4 acetabular fractures,and 2 acetabular plus pelvic fractures.The safety and accuracy of screwing were assessed by postoperative physical and imaging examinations.The number of fluoroscopy and operative time were documented for each retrograde intramedullary screwing into the pubic symphysis or acetabular anterior column.The quality of fracture reduction was evaluated by the Mata criteria postoperatively.The Majeed and the Harris scores were used to evaluate the functional recovery of the pelvis and acetabulum at the last follow-ups.Results A total of 31 intramedullary screws were placed in the 23 patients.For insertion of one screw,the operative time ranged from 15 to 50 min (average,35 min) and the number of fluoroseopy from 32 to 55 times (average,45 times).Postoperative physical examinations revealed no iatrogenic neurovascular lesion and uneventful healing of incisions in all the patients.Postoperative imaging examinations showed that 29 screws were located completely in the bone and 2 ones protruded the cortical bone of the pubic anterior border;all the screws did not protrude into the acetabulum or broke through the pubic symphysis or the pubic cortex.By the Matta criteria,the postoperative fracture reduction was rated as excellent in 17 cases,good in 5 and fair in one,giving an excellent to good rate of 95.7％.Of this series,19 were followed up for 6 to 24 months (mean,13 months).All the fractures healed after 3 months.The Majeed scores at the last follow-up for the 13 patients with pelvic fracture were excellent in 12 and good in one.The Harris scores at the last follow-up for the 6 patients with acetabular fracture (including the 2 with pelvic fracture) were excellent in 5 and fair in one.Conclusion The modified percutaneous retrograde intramedullary screwing into the superior pubic ramus or anterior acetabular column is safe,convenient and precise,effectiyely reducing radiation and operative time.

Application of computer-assisted surgery techniques in the management of zygomatic complex fractures / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

Patients suffering from zygomatic complex fractures always present facial deformity and dysfunctions, and thereafter develop psychological and physiological problems. It is really hard to get an ideal prognosis for the zygomatic complex fractures because of the complicated anatomical structures. Computer-assisted surgery techniques, as the new emerging auxiliary methods, can optimize the surgical protocol, predict operation outcomes, and improve the accuracy and quality of the operation. Meanwhile the postoperative complications can be reduced effectively. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the application of computer-assisted surgery techniques in the management of zygomatic complex fractures.