Application of Circulating Tumor DNA in Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Colorectal Cancer / 肿瘤防治研究

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignant tumors recorded worldwide. This condition has high morbidity and mortality and seriously endangers people's health. Traditional diagnostic models fail to meet people's current needs for real-time monitoring of tumors. Compared with traditional detection methods, ctDNA detection is not only noninvasive but can also attain real-time detection of comprehensive genomic information of tumors. The advancement of detection technology has gradually highlighted the potential of ctDNA detection in the clinical treatment of CRC. This article reviews the advancements on the clinical application of ctDNA in early screening, minimal residual disease detection, and guidance on individualized treatment of CRC patients.

Research progress on the role of urothelial somatic mutations in the occurrence and recurrence of bladder cancer / 现代泌尿外科杂志

Bladder cancer is characterized by high incidence and high recurrence; however, the mechanism of pathogenesis, especially of recurrence is still unclear. This paper reviews the molecular characteristics of bladder cancer, urothelial somatic mutation, driver genes and mutation characteristics, and prospects the future research directions.

The value of clinical and ultrasound factors to predict postoperative tumor recurrence of medullary thyroid carcinoma / 中华普通外科杂志

Objective:This study aimed to investigate the risk features of postoperative tumor recurrence of medullary thyroid carcinoma.Methods:One hundred and seventy two patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma diagnosed at Tianjin Cancer Hospital between Jan 2010 and Jan 2018 were enrolled in this study. Based on the follow-up results, patients were divided into tumor recurrence and non-tumor recurrence group. US features,clinicopathological characteristics and somatic RET mutations were evaluated between the two groups. The cut-off values of pre-and post-operative serum calcitonin were calculated by ROC curve.Univariate and multivariate analysis were adopted between the two groups to determine independent risk factors for tumor recurrence of MTC.Tumor-free survival was determined by Kaplan-Meier analysis.Results:Univariate analysis showed that preoperative serum calcitonin≥1 367 pg/ml ( χ2=18.909, P=0.000), postoperative serum calcitonin ≥61 pg/ml ( χ2=72.278, P=0.000), mulifocality ( χ2=11.787, P=0.001),lesions in both lobes ( χ2=10.452, P=0.003), extrathyroidal invasion ( χ2=14.511, P=0.000), T3+T4-staging ( χ2=11.920, P=0.001)、TNMⅢ+Ⅳ-staging ( χ2=18.915, P=0.000), ACR TI-RADS 5 ( χ2=7.162, P=0.006) and RET mutation ( χ2=10.937, P=0.001) were significantly related to tumor recurrence of medullary thyroid carcinoma. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that postoperative serum calcitonin≥61 pg/ml ( OR=22.323, 95%CI: 6.370-78.236) and RET mutation ( OR=4.054, 95%CI: 1.354-12.139) were the independent factors related to tumor recurrence of medullary thyroid carcinoma.The survival curves of MTC patients showed a significantly lower percentage of surviving patients in the group with postoperative serum calcitonin ≥61 pg/ml ( P=0.000) or RET mutations ( P=0.001). Conclusions:Postoperative serum calcitonin ≥61 pg/ml and oncogenic RET mutation were the independent risk factors for tumor recurrence of MTC.Patients with postoperative serum calcitonin ≥61 pg/ml or a RET mutation tended to have a shorter tumor-free survival.

Chinese expert consensus on clinical application of inhibitors of mammalian target of rapamycin in liver transplant recipients (2023 edition) / 器官移植

@#The long-term survival and quality of life of liver transplant recipients largely depend on long-term health management and immunosuppression regimen after surgery. Long-term use of immunosuppressants may lead to severe complications, such as kidney injury, metabolic diseases and new malignant tumors, and even increase the risk of liver cancer recurrence after liver transplantation. At present, common immunosuppressive regimens in liver transplant recipients are delivered based on calcineurin inhibitor (CNI). However, renal toxicity, neurotoxicity and increased tumor recurrence caused by CNI have significantly affected clinical prognosis of the recipients. In recent years, the dosage of CNI has been gradually reduced and alternative drugs have been explored. Recently, the use of immunosuppressive regimens based on mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor (mTORi) has been gradually increased. Multiple domestic and international guidelines have provided guidance on the use of mTORi in liver transplant recipients. China Organ Transplantation Development Foundation organized experienced transplant experts in China, combined with published guidelines, consensus and research progress at home and abroad and solicited extensive opinions to jointly formulate this expert consensus, aiming to provide reference for liver transplant clinicians in China.

Clinical efficacy of immunotherapy plus target therapy for preventing postoperative recurr-ence of hepatocellular carcinoma after associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy / 中华消化外科杂志

Surgical resection in patients with advanced primary carcinoma of liver has high risks of early recurrence and incidence of portal vein tumor thrombus, caused by insufficient resi-dual liver volume after two-steps hepatotomy. At present, the treatment for patients with advanced primary carcinoma of liver is limited, thus can't satisfy the requirement of patient for treatment. The authors introduce the clinical experience of a patient with hepatocellular carcinoma and insufficient residual liver volume who underwent preventive immunotherapy plus target therapy after associa-ting liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy, in order to provide reference for relevant treatment.

Predictive effect of inflammatory biomarkers on prognosis of liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma / 器官移植

Tumor recurrence is the main issue that affects the long-term survival of recipients after liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma. Accurate preoperative evaluation and proper selection of transplant recipients are the key factors affecting the long-term prognosis of recipients undergoing liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma. Neutrophil, lymphocyte, C-reactive protein, platelet and fibrinogen (FIB) are major biomarkers that indicate inflammatory response of the host. Multiple studies have found that these biomarkers may not only represent the inflammatory response, but also could be integrated to predict tumor recurrence and long-term survival rate of the recipients following liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma. These biomarkers mainly consist of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), Glasgow prognostic score (GPS), FIB, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and prognostic nutritional index (PNI), etc. In this article, research progresses on predictive effect of inflammatory biomarkers on prognosis of liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma were reviewed.

Prognosis and influencing factors of liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma using steatotic donor liver: a multicenter study / 中华消化外科杂志

Objective:To investigate the prognosis and influencing factors of liver transplantation (LT) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) using steatotic donor liver.Methods:The retrospective cohort study was conducted. The clinicopathological data of 152 pairs of donors and the corresponding recipients undergoing LT for HCC in the two medical centers [89 pairs in Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital and 63 pairs in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine] from January 2015 to December 2019 were collected. Of 152 donors, there were 131 males and 21 females, aged (48±12)years, and there were 130 cases with liver mild steatosis and 22 cases with liver moderate steatosis. Of 152 recipients, there were 138 males and 14 females, aged (52±9)years. Observation indicators: (1) follow-up, overall survival and tumor recurrence free survival of recipients; (2) influencing factors for overall survival and tumor recurrence free survival of recipients; (3) construction and validation of nomogram prediction model for overall survival and tumor recurrence free survival of recipients. Follow-up was conducted using outpatient examination and telephone interview to detect survival and tumor recurrence of recipients up to December 2020. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean± SD, and measurement data with skewed distribution were represented as M( IQR). Count data were described as absolute numbers. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate the survival time and draw survival curve, and the Log-Rank test was used for survival analysis. The COX regression model was used for univariate and multivariate analysis. The independent risk factors were brought into the R 3.6.2 software to construct nomogram prediction model and draw the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The accuracy and discrimination of the nomogram prediction model were evaluated using the area under curve (AUC) and the calibration curve. Results:(1) Follow-up, overall survival and tumor recurrence free survival of recipients. All the 152 recipients undergoing LT for HCC using steatotic donor liver were followed up for 45.8(27.6)months, with the overall survival time and tumor recurrence free survival time of 36.5(32.3)months and 30.4(34.6)months. The 1-year, 3-year overall survival rates and tumor recurrence free rates of the 152 recipients were 73.4%, 55.8% and 62.2%, 43.4%, respectively. (2) Influencing factors for overall survival and tumor recurrence free survival of recipients. Results of univariate analysis showed that the donor liver cold ischemia time (CIT), the donor liver warm ischemia time (WIT), graft-to-recipient weight ratio (GRWR), ABO compatibility, recipient body mass index (BMI), recipient tumor diameter, recipient tumor number, recipient tumor differentiation degree, recipient preoperative alpha fetoprotein (AFP) were related factors influencing the overall survival of recipients ( hazard ratio=6.26, 1.90, 2.47, 4.08, 0.55, 5.16, 3.62, 5.28, 2.65, 95% confidence interval as 3.01?13.03, 1.07?3.38, 1.36?4.49, 2.07?8.03, 0.31?0.98, 2.56?10.42, 1.95?6.72, 1.60?17.42, 1.48?5.01, P<0.05) and the donor liver CIT, GRWR, ABO compatibility, recipient tumor diameter, recipient tumor number, recipient tumor differentiation degree, recipient preoperative AFP were related factors influencing the tumor recurrence free survival of recipients ( hazard ratio=4.24, 2.53, 4.05, 3.39, 3.10, 5.19, 2.63, 95% confidence interval as 2.50?7.21, 1.54?4.17, 2.12?7.72, 2.04?5.62, 1.91?5.03, 2.04?13.18, 1.61?4.30, P<0.05). Results of multivariate analysis showed that donor liver CIT ≥8 hours, GRWR ≥2.5%, recipient tumor diameter ≥8 cm and recipient preoperative AFP ≥400 μg/L were independent risk factors influencing the overall survival of recipients ( hazard ratio=4.21, 2.58, 4.10, 2.27, 95% confidence interval as 1.98?8.96, 1.24?5.35, 1.35?12.43, 1.13?4.56, P<0.05) and donor liver CIT ≥8 hours, GRWR ≥2.5%, recipient tumor diameter ≥8 cm, recipient tumor number ≥3 and recipient preoperative AFP ≥400 μg/L were independent risk factors influencing the tumor recurrence free survival of recipients ( hazard ratio=3.37, 2.63, 2.42, 2.12, 2.22, 95% confidence interval as 1.70?6.67, 1.40?4.96, 1.04?5.66, 1.08?4.18, 1.26?3.90, P<0.05). (3) Construction and validation of nomogram prediction model for overall survival and tumor recurrence free survival of recipients. The donor live CIT, GRWR, recipient tumor diameter, recipient preoperative AFP were used to construct nomogram prediction model for overall survival of recipients and the donor liver CIT, GRWR, recipient tumor diameter, recipient tumor number, recipient preoperative AFP were used to construct nomogram prediction model for tumor recurrence free survival of recipients. The ROC curve showed that the AUC of the nomogram prediction model for overall survival of recipients was 0.84 (95% confidence interval as 0.76?0.92, P<0.05), with the optimal diagnostic value as 7.3 and the specificity and sensitivity as 87.6% and 70.0%. The AUC of the nomogram prediction model for tumor recurrence free survival of recipients was 0.79 (95% confidence interval as 0.71?0.87, P<0.05), with the optimal diagnostic value as 5.8 and the specificity and sensitivity as 97.4% and 52.5%. The calibration curve showed that the nomogram prediction model had good distinction for high risk recipients in overall survival and tumor recurrence free survival. Conclusion:Donor liver CIT ≥8 hours, GRWR ≥2.5%, recipient tumor diameter ≥8 cm and recipient preoperative AFP ≥400 μg/L are independent risk factors influencing the overall survival of recipients who underwent LT for HCC using steatotic donor liver and donor liver CIT ≥8 hours, GRWR ≥2.5%, recipient tumor diameter ≥8 cm, recipient tumor number ≥ 3 and recipient preoperative AFP ≥400 μg/L are independent risk factors influencing the tumor recurrence free survival of recipients.

Expression of BZW2 and IVD in hepatocellular carcinoma tissues and effect on prognosis of liver transplant recipients with hepatocellular carcinoma / 器官移植

Objective To investigate the expression levels of basic leucine zipper and W2 domain 2 (BZW2) and isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase (IVD) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and evaluate their effect on clinical prognosis of liver transplant recipients with HCC. Methods Pathological specimens and clinical data of 87 liver transplant recipients with HCC were collected and retrospectively analyzed. The recurrence and metastasis of HCC after liver transplantation were assessed. Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression levels of BZW2 and IVD. The relationship between BZW2, IVD and clinicopathological parameters of HCC and their effect on postoperative recurrence and clinical prognosis of the recipients was analyzed. Results Among 87 recipients, 31 cases recurred with a recurrence rate of 36%. HCC recurred at postoperative 2-49 months and the median recurrence time was postoperative 7 months. Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated that the positive expression rate of BZW2 in the HCC tissues was significantly higher than that in normal liver tissues (76% vs. 30%), and the positive expression rate of IVD was significantly lower compared with that in normal liver tissues (51% vs. 69%) (both P < 0.01). BZW2 expression was significantly correlated with tumor diameter and tumor capsule (both P < 0.05), whereas IVD expression was significantly associated with tumor diameter, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level, tumor, node and metastasis (TNM) staging and whether vascular invasion was found or not (all P < 0.05). In the high BZW2 expression group, the cumulative recurrence rate of HCC was significantly higher and the cumulative survival rate was significantly lower than those in the low BZW2 expression group. In the low IVD expression group, the cumulative recurrence rate of HCC was significantly higher and the cumulative survival rate was significantly lower compared with those in the high IVD expression group (all P < 0.05). Conclusions The expression level of BZW2 protein is up-regulated, whereas that of IVD protein is down-regulated in the HCC tissues. Moreover, the cumulative recurrence rate of HCC is relatively high and the cumulative survival rate is relatively low in liver transplant recipients with high BZW2 expression and low IVD expression.

Survival outcomes of patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma undergoing surgical resection / 中华普通外科杂志

Objective:To investigate the clinical outcomes of patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) undergoing surgical resection.Methods:Patients who undergoing radical surgical resection for ICC from Jan 2015 to Apr 2021 at the Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University were included in this retrospective cohort study.Results:There were 67 patients in the final analysis, The median follow-up duration was 14 months (range: 1-60 months). Firty three patients (79.1%) had tumor recurrence, 52 patients (77.6%) died, Among them, 49 patients (73.1%) died from tumor recurrence. The 1-、2-、and 3-year accumulated disease-free and overall survival rate were 35.6%, 19.6%, 16.8% and 53.7%, 32.4%, 20.8%. respectively. The overall survival rate of the group without microvascular invasion was significantly better than those of the group with microvascular invasion ( χ2=5.916, P=0.015). CA19-9≥1 000 U/ml was the only independent risk factor for the disease-free survival. CA19-9≥1 000 U/ml、blood loss≥600 ml、microvascular invasion and tumor recurrence were the independent risk factors for the overall survival. Conclusion:For ICC patients with single tumor, when the tumor diameter is less than 5 cm and has no microvascular invasion, surgical resection is recommended, and a satisfactory prognosis could be achieved.

Comparison of such three in vitro inactivation methods as alcohol inactivation, irradiation inactivation, and liquid nitrogen inactivation for the treatment of femur osteosarcoma in children / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective:To retrospectively analyze the clinical effects and complications of alcohol inactivation, irradiation inactivation, and liquid nitrogen inactivation in the treatment of femur osteosarcoma in children, in an attempt to provide a theoretical basis for clinical selection of in vitro inactivation methods of tumor bone segment. Methods:The clinical data of 93 children with femur osteosarcoma admitted to the Department of Bone and Soft Tissue, the Affi-liate Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2008 to December 2017 were retrospectively analyzed, and 40 children, including 21 males and 19 females, aged 8-18 (13.65±2.87) years, who were treated with in vitro inactivation and replantation of autogenous tumor bone segment, were screened.Among these children, there was alcohol inactivation in 15 cases, irradiation inactivation in 12 cases, and liquid nitrogen inactivation in 13 cases.A comparison was drawn on these 3 inactivation methods with respect to bone healing time, bone healing rate, tumor recurrence rate, infection rate, fracture or fixation failure rate, and revision rate. Results:All those 40 children were subject to valid medical followed-up, with the alcohol inactivation group for (102.60±16.55) months, the irradiation inactivation group for (59.33±6.39) months, and the liquid nitrogen inactivation for (36.85±6.49) months.The difference in follow-up time of 3 groups was statistically significant ( P<0.05). Compared with other 2 groups, the index of bone healing time, bone healing rate, infection rate and revision rate in the alcohol inactivation group were unfavorable, which showed a significant difference (all P<0.05); However, there was no significant difference in the recurrence rate, fracture rate or fixation failure rate compared with other 2 groups (all P>0.05); There was no significant difference in all above indexes between the irradiation group and the liquid nitrogen group (all P>0.05). Conclusions:Three in vitro inactivation methods for the treatment of tumor bone segment are safe and reliable.The alcohol inactivated bone has a long healing time and more complications.Both irradiation inactivation and liquid nitrogen inactivation are clinical options, but irradiation inactivation requires professional equipment, which may limit the clinical application.

Correlation between Contrast-enhanced Ultrasound and Risk of Tumor Recurrence in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To explore the association between contrast-enhanced ultrasound and risk of tumor recurrence in papillary thyroid carcinoma(PTC). Methods A total of 287 PTCs in 287 patients who underwent surgery,conventional ultrasound,and contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS)were enrolled in this study.According to 2015 American Thyroid Association(ATA)Modified Initial Risk Stratification System,the patients were categorized into three groups:low risk,intermediate risk,and high risk.The CEUS patterns of PTCs were compared between different risk stratifications. Results Hypo-enhancement was presented in 57.6% of ATA low-risk PTCs,iso-enhancement in 62.3% of ATA intermediate-risk PTCs,and hyper-enhancement in 48.2% of ATA high-risk PTCs(

Clinical efficacy of immunotherapy plus targeted therapy in the treatment of postoperative recurrence for hepatocellular carcinoma with bile duct tumor thrombus / 中华消化外科杂志

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with bile duct tumor thrombus (BDTT) is rare and enhanced CT or MRI can be used for its diagnosis. Surgical procedure is the main treatment for HCC with BDTT. The authors introduce the experiences of recurrent patient with HCC and BDTT who was treated with targeted therapy plus immunotherapy, in order to provide reference for its clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Clinical analysis of cryotherapy in patients with primary tumor recurrence after radical radiotherapy for prostate cancer / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective:To explore the clinical value of cryoablation technology in the treatment of patients with primary tumor recurrence after radical radiotherapy for prostate cancer.Methods:The clinical data of 21 patients with prostate cancer recurrence after radical radiotherapy in the Fudan University Affiliated Cancer Hospital from August 2017 to February 2021 was retrospectively analyzed. The average age was 73.1 (57.3-85.0) years old, and the Gleason score was 6 in 5 cases, 7 in 8 cases, and ≥8 in 8 cases. The clinical stage of the first diagnosis: 13 cases of cT 2 stage; 8 cases of cT 3 stage. The baseline PSA before radiotherapy was 35.3 (6.4-78.5) ng/ml, and the lowest PSA after radiotherapy was 1.8 ng/ml. After a median follow-up of 8 (3-12) months, all patients were detected with persistently elevated PSA. Pelvic MRI and PSMA SPECT showed that the primary prostate lesion had recurred. PSA before cryoablation was 4.1 (1.8-14.4) ng/ml. Comprehensive assessment of preoperative examination showed that the patient only had a recurrence of the primary tumor, and no lymph node or distant metastasis was seen. An argon-helium cryogenic surgical treatment system was used to place 1 to 3 cryo-needles for recurring lesions, and cryoablation was performed using two cold and hot cycles. Observation indicators include prognostic indicators such as PSA, recurrence and metastasis, and the occurrence of adverse reactions. Results:Complications after cryoablation include: 2 cases of urinary retention, 1 case of urinary tract infection, and 2 cases of urination with tissue shedding. The PSA of 11 cases decreased rapidly 2 to 3 months after operation, and dropped to the lowest median value of 0.4 (0.003 to 2.8) ng/ml. After cryoablation, the median follow-up was 18 (6-51) months. Imaging examinations in 1 case showed that the prostate still had limited diffusion or increased PSMA uptake, and 4 cases had PSA progression but no recurrence or metastasis. The median recurrence time for advanced patients was 13 (4-36) months. Larger prostate volume ( P<0.001) and higher blood PSA before ablation( P=0.021) were related to biochemical recurrence. Conclusions:Prostate cryoablation could delay the progression of the primary tumor after radical radiotherapy for prostate cancer. The incidence of complications such as urinary retention and urinary tract infection is not high, and it is generally safe and controllable.

Overexpression of serum extracellular vesicle microRNA-215-5p is associated with early tumor recurrence and poor prognosis of gastric cancer

OBJECTIVES: Extracellular vesicle microRNAs (EV-miRNAs) have been demonstrated to be reliable candidate biomarkers for clinical applications. However, the clinical application potential of serum EV-miR-215-5p for gastric cancer (GC) remains poorly understood. The goal of our study was to determine the efficacy of serum EV-miR-215-5p in predicting the prognosis of GC. METHODS: Blood samples were collected from 118 patients with GC, 60 patients with benign gastric disease and BGD and 70 healthy controls. The relative levels of serum EV-miR-215-5p were measured using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). RESULTS: Compared to patients with BGD and normal controls, GC patients exhibited remarkably higher serum EV-miR-215-5p level, especially those with early tumor recurrence (ETR). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that serum EV-miR-215-5p was able to distinguish GC patients from BGD patients or healthy controls and GC patients with ETR from those without ETR. In addition, increased serum EV-miR-215-5p levels were notably correlated with invasive depth, TNM stage, and lymph node metastasis. Moreover, serum EV-miR-215-5p levels were greatly decreased after surgical treatment, but increased at the time of ETR. Survival analysis showed that patients with higher serum EV-miR-215-5p had shorter survival. Furthermore, serum EV-miR-215-5p was an independent risk factor for GC. CONCLUSIONS: Serum EV-miR-215-5p might be a novel biomarker for predicting ETR and prognosis of GC.

Overexpression of serum extracellular vesicle microRNA-215-5p is associated with early tumor recurrence and poor prognosis of gastric cancer

OBJECTIVES: Extracellular vesicle microRNAs (EV-miRNAs) have been demonstrated to be reliable candidate biomarkers for clinical applications. However, the clinical application potential of serum EV-miR-215-5p for gastric cancer (GC) remains poorly understood. The goal of our study was to determine the efficacy of serum EV-miR-215-5p in predicting the prognosis of GC. METHODS: Blood samples were collected from 118 patients with GC, 60 patients with benign gastric disease and BGD and 70 healthy controls. The relative levels of serum EV-miR-215-5p were measured using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). RESULTS: Compared to patients with BGD and normal controls, GC patients exhibited remarkably higher serum EV-miR-215-5p level, especially those with early tumor recurrence (ETR). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that serum EV-miR-215-5p was able to distinguish GC patients from BGD patients or healthy controls and GC patients with ETR from those without ETR. In addition, increased serum EV-miR-215-5p levels were notably correlated with invasive depth, TNM stage, and lymph node metastasis. Moreover, serum EV-miR-215-5p levels were greatly decreased after surgical treatment, but increased at the time of ETR. Survival analysis showed that patients with higher serum EV-miR-215-5p had shorter survival. Furthermore, serum EV-miR-215-5p was an independent risk factor for GC. CONCLUSIONS: Serum EV-miR-215-5p might be a novel biomarker for predicting ETR and prognosis of GC.

Factores perioperatorios, inmunidad y recurrencia del cáncer / Perioperative factors, immunity and cancer recurrence

Introducción: Los criterios de calidad en la cirugía oncológica radical se basan en la extirpación completa del tumor, con márgenes libres, sin enfermedad macroscópica residual, con una linfadenectomía adecuada y mínima manipulación tumoral posible. A pesar de conseguir estos objetivos, puede quedar enfermedad residual no visible o micrometástasis, con potencial de crecimiento y diseminación dependiendo de la capacidad tumoral y de las defensas del huésped. Objetivos: Evaluar la influencia de los factores perioperatorios sobre la inmunidad del paciente oncológico intervenido quirúrgicamente y el efecto potencial de los fármacos anestésicos en la recurrencia, así como otros factores perioperatorios que pueden afectar la diseminación tumoral a largo plazo. Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica electrónica de los artículos de los últimos 10 años que cumplieran con el objetivo trazado. Desarrollo: Durante el periodo perioperatorio la activación de la respuesta al estrés quirúrgico desencadena una serie de reacciones neuroendocrinas, humorales e inmunitarias complejas. La cirugía, con indudable potencial curativo, se relaciona con un estado de inmunosupresión por activación del eje HPA (hipotálamo- hipofisario- adrenal) y la inflamación. Por otro lado, la anestesia produce cambios biomoleculares que afectan la inmunidad celular y el número de NK (natural killer), que puede influir en la recurrencia del cáncer a largo plazo. Conclusiones: Disminuir el estrés quirúrgico y el psicológico, controlar el dolor quirúrgico, mantener normotermia, y una juiciosa transfusión sanguínea, además una técnica anestésica con disminución del consumo de opiáceos, puede resultar favorecedora para proteger la respuesta inmune antimetastásica del organismo y puede tener un efecto benéfico en la enfermedad oncológica(AU)

Introduction: The quality criteria in radical oncological surgery are based on complete tumor removal, with free margins, without residual macroscopic disease, with adequate lymphadenectomy and minimal possible tumor manipulation. Despite achieving these objectives, non-visible residual disease or micrometastasis may remain, likely to grow and spread depending on tumor capacity and the host's defenses. Objectives: To evaluate the influence of perioperative factors on the immunity of cancer patients operated on and the potential effect of anesthetic drugs on recurrence, as well as other perioperative factors that may affect long-term tumor spread. Methods: An electronic bibliographic search was carried out of the articles published in the last ten years and that fulfilled the established objective. Development: During the perioperative period, activation of the response to surgical stress triggers a series of complex neuroendocrine, humoral and immune reactions. Surgery, with unquestionable curative potential, is related to a state of immunosuppression due to activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and inflammation. On the other hand, anesthesia produces biomolecular changes that affect cellular immunity and the number of natural killers, which can influence cancer recurrence in the long term. Conclusions: To reduce surgical and psychological stress, to control surgical pain, to maintain normothermia, and a judicious blood transfusion, in addition to an anesthetic technique with reduced opiates usage, can be beneficial to protect the body's antimetastatic immune response and can have a beneficial effect on oncological disease(AU)

The effect of anesthesia technique on tumor reccurrence rate after mastectomy

Background: Breast cancer is most common cancer in women. Although surgical and chemotherapy methods have improved survival, mortality is seen secondary to metastasis and recurrence. Neuroaxial anesthesia has been shown to suppress neuroendocrine stress response due to surgery with sympathetic blockade and has a positive effect on tumor recurrence. In this study, the hypothesis was regional anesthesia may have a positive effect on patient comfort, surgical success rate and complications in the short term, tumor recurrence and metastasis in the long term.Methods: Patients who underwent mastectomy for breast cancer were divided into two groups as thoracic epidural or general anesthesia retrospectively. Preoperative patient characteristics, intraoperative hemodynamic data and postoperative complications were recorded. Static and dynamic pain was evaluated at 12, 24 and 48 hours, at 1 week, 3 and 6 months, and at the end of 1 and 3 years. The presence of metastasis and recurrence was evaluated.Results: In this study, no relationship between recurrence and anesthesia type (p=1.0) could be found. Intraoperative hemodynamic data and pain scores were lower in patients who underwent thoracic epidural anesthesia.Conclusions: As a result, thoracic epidural anesthesia had hemodynamic effects and lower pain scores in postoperative pain control, but had no effect on tumor recurrence in breast cancer patients.

Prognostic Factors for Inguinal Lymph Node Involvement and Tumor Recurrence in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Penis / Factores pronósticos de compromiso ganglionar inguinal y recaída tumoral en carcinoma escamocelular de pene

Zoom Image Abstract Introduction Penile carcinoma is an aggressive disease with catastrophic consequences that frequently lead to death. Therefore, further knowledge on the prognostic factors that can help identify patients in need of more aggressive treatments becomes essential. Objective To identify the prognostic factors for lymph node (LN) involvement and tumor recurrence in patients diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma of the penis (SCCP). Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted. Patients diagnosed and treated for SCCP at Instituto Nacional de Cancerología between 2008 and 2015 were included in the sample. Cases in which no information on recurrence was available for the follow-up were excluded, as well as patients with no initial pathology and those getting penile reconstructions after cancer. Relevant data was retrieved from the medical records of each patient, and a descriptive analysis was performed. Subsequently, this data was used to apply a logistic regression model to determine the potential clinical and histopathological prognostic factors. Results A total of 104 patients were included in the present study. The average age of the sample was 59 years, while the follow-up averaged 24 months per patient. Inguinal lymphadenectomy was performed on 61 patients (59%) during the follow-up. The logistic regression model showed that lymphovascular invasion (odds ratio [OR]: 6.7; 95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 1.2­35) and poor tumor differentiation (OR: 17; 95%CI: 3.2­92) were associated with tumor recurrence. Likewise, the lymphadenectomy procedures showed that lymphovascular invasion was associated with LN involvement (OR: 3.3; 95%CI: 1.1­10). Conclusion Lymphovascular invasion was the strongest prognostic factor observed in our sample, aiding in the prediction of inguinal LN involvement and tumor recurrence in SCCP patients

Introduccion El cáncer de pene es una enfermedad agresiva con consecuencias catastróficas que frecuentemente llevan a la muerte. Por lo tanto, es esencial un mayor conocimiento sobre los factores pronósticos que pueden ayudar a identificar a los pacientes que necesitan tratamientos más agresivos. Objetivo Identificar los factores pronósticos patológicos de compromiso ganglionar inguinal y recaída tumoral en pacientes con carcinoma escamocelular de pene. Métodos Se realizó un estudio de cohorte retrospectivo. Se incluyeron en la muestra pacientes diagnosticados y tratados por carcinoma escamocelular de pene (SCCP) en el Instituto Nacional de Cancerología entre 2008 y 2015. Los casos en los que no había información sobre la recurrencia en el seguimiento fueron excluidos, así como los pacientes sin patología inicial y aquellos que reciben reconstrucciones del pene después del cáncer. Se recuperaron los datos relevantes de los registros médicos de cada paciente, y una descripción fue realizada. Posteriormente, estos datos se utilizaron para aplicar un modelo de regresión logística para determinar los posibles factores pronósticos clínicos e histopatológicos. Resultados Un total de 104 pacientes fueron incluidos en el estudio. La edad promedio de la muestra fue de 59 años, mientras que el seguimiento promedió fue de 24 meses por paciente. La linfadenectomía inguinal se realizó en 61 pacientes (59%) durante el seguimiento. El modelo de regresión logística mostró que la invasión linfovascular (odds ratio [OR]: 6,7; intervalo de confianza del 95% [IC 95%]: 1,2­35) y la pobre diferenciación tumoral (OR: 17; IC 95%: 3,2­92) se asociaron con recurrencia tumoral. Así mismo, los procedimientos de linfadenectomía mostraron que la invasión linfovascular se asoció con afectación de LN. (OR: 3,3; IC 95%: 1,1-10). Conclusión La invasión linfovascular es el factor pronóstico independiente más importante que se asocia de manera independiente con compromiso ganglionar inguinal positivo y recaída tumoral.

Patterns of locoregional rectal cancer recurrences after total mesorectal excision and delineation of the radiotherapy clinical target volume / 中国肿瘤临床

s Objective: The characteristics of locoregional rectal cancer recurrences following total mesorectal excision (TME) were not clear previously. This study aimed to analyze and help determine the optimal radiotherapy clinical target volume. Methods: The clini-cal data of 134 patients who had recurrence and metastasis following TME without radiotherapy between January 2012 and Novem-ber 2018 in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed. The Chi-square test was used to evaluate the relationship between lymph node metastasis and clinicopathological factors, such as the location of primary tumors and tumor stage. The correlations between different types of lymphatic drainage of rectal cancer were also tested. Results: In total, 134 patients were enrolled in this study. The median time to relapse was 15 months. The incidences of anastomotic, rectal and mesorectal, pelvic presacral space, abdominal presacral space, internal iliac node, external iliac node, obturator node, inguinal node, and ischiorectal fossa recurrences were 42.5% (57/134), 26.9% (36/134), 25.4% (34/134), 7.5% (10/134), 34.3% (46/134), 3.7% (5/134), 0.7% (1/134), 9.7% (13/134), and 8.2% (11/134), re-spectively. Compared with mid-lower rectal cancer, upper rectal cancer was more prone to metastasis in the abdominal presacral space (19.0% vs. 5.6%, P=0.028). Patients with inguinal lymph node metastasis were more likely to harbor external iliac node metasta-sis (23.1% vs. 1.7%, P=0.006). Conclusions: There is a great difference in the recurrence patterns between upper and mid-lower rectal cancer. As a result, the clinical target volumes of radiation therapy for upper and mid-lower rectal cancer should be defined separately. Optimizing the clinical target volume of radiotherapy will be of great value in the future.

Detection and clinical significance of perioperative circulating tumor cells in patients with stage Ⅱ to Ⅲ colorectal carcinoma / 中国实用外科杂志

OBJECTIVE: To detect perioperative circulating tumor cells(CTCs) in patients with colorectal carcinoma and evaluate their clinical significance. METHODS: A total of 69 patients with stage Ⅱ to Ⅲ sporadic primary colorectal cancer were collected from Department of General Surgery,Beijing Friendship Hospital,Capital Medical University from June 2015 to August 2017. All the patients received surgery and no preoperative neoadjuvant therapy. Peripheral blood samples were collected before operation(Pre-OP),on three days post-operation(POD3),and one 14 days post-operation(POD 14). CTCs were detected using density-gradient centrifugation and immunofluorescence staining. Associations of perioperative CTCs with clinicopathological features and tumor recurrence were determined. RESULTS: Average Pre-OP,POD3,and POD14 CTCs were(3.8 ± 0.5) number/3.5 mL,(6.6 ± 1.4) number/3.5 mL,and(3.5 ± 0.5) number/3.5 mL,respectively. There was significant difference between POD3 and POD14 CTCs(P<0.05). Pearson correlation analysis suggested that Pre-OP CTCs was significantly associated with POD14 CTCs(r=0.433,P<0.001). Association of POD14 CTCswith TNM stage was found(χ~2=3.916,P=0.048) and there was a trend of association between POD3 CTCs with gender(χ~2=3.857,P=0.050). The followup duration was 15.6(3.5-35.0)months and the recurrence rate of the patients was 10.6%(7/63). Kaplan-Meier curves revealed no significant associations oftumor recurrence with POD3 CTCs(P=0.194) and POD14 CTCs(P=0.269). CONCLUSION: Compared with preoperative CTCs,postoperative CTCs are firstly increased and then decreased. The postoperative CTCs are potential biomarkers for colorectal cancer recurrence but needed to be verified in more studies.