Résumé
OBJECTIVE To study the effects of methimazole on the urinary metabolomics of hyperthyroidism rats， and to preliminarily investigate its possible mechanism. METHODS Thirty SD rats were randomly divided into control group， model group and methimazole group， with 10 rats in each group. Except for the control group， the rats in the other two groups were given Levothyroxine sodium tablets 160 mg/kg by intragastric administration for 15 days； at the same time， methimazole group was additionally given methimazole 3.6 mg/kg daily by intragastric administration every day. The basic condition of the rats was observed， and the body weight and anal temperature were measured. After the last medication， the serum levels of triiodothyronine （T3）， tetraiodothyronine （T4）， free triiodothyronine （FT3）， free tetraiodothyronine （FT4）， and thyroid stimulating hormone （TSH） were determined； 24-hour urine was collected on the 15th day after administration. UPLC-TOF-MS was used to analyze the urine metabolomics of rats. Principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis were used to screen out related differential metabolites， and potential metabolic pathways were analyzed by using HMDB and KEGG. RESULTS Compared with the control group， the rectal temperature， serum levels of T3， T4， FT3 and FT4， the expressions of differential metabolites sebacic acid， cholic acid 3-O-glucuronic acid and N6， N6， N6-trimethyl-L-lysine in urine were significantly up-regulated， while body weight， serum level of TSH， the expressions of deoxycytidine and 2-oxo-4-methylthiobutanoic acid in urine were significantly down-regulated （P＜0.01）. Compared with model group， above indexes of rats were reversed significantly in methimazole group （P＜0.01 or P＜0.05）. Above five differential metabolites were mainly involved in four signaling pathways: pentose and glucuronate interaction， lysine degradation， cysteine and methionine metabolism， and pyrimidine metabolism. CONCLUSIONS Methimazole might improve hyperthyroidism by modulating the four pathways of pentose and glucuronate interaction， lysine degradation， cysteine and methionine metabolism， and pyrimidine metabolism.
Résumé
OBJECTIVE：To establish a method for the determination of related substances in dibasol hydrochloride raw materials and tablets ， and to predict the maximum unknown impurity ’s structure. METHODS ： The related substances （o-phenylenediamine，phenylacetic acid ）in dibasol hydrochloride raw materials and tablets were determined by HPLC. The determination was performed on Kromasil C 18 column with mobile phase consisted of mobile phase-methanol-glacial acetic acid-triethylamine（45 ∶ 55 ∶ 0.5 ∶ 0.5，V/V/V/V）at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The detection wavelength was set at 220 nm，and column temperature was 30 ℃. Sample size was 10 μL. UPLC-TOF-MS，1H-NMR and 13C-NMR were used for structure prediction. The determination was performed on Waters Acquity UPLC BEH C 18 column with mobile phase consisted of water-methanol （45∶55， V/V）at the flow rate of 0.2 mL/min. The column temperature was 30 ℃，and sample size was 1 μL. The ion source was electrospray ion source . The scanning mode was negative ion scanning mode. The first-order mass spectrum scanning range was m/z 100-800，the capillary voltage was 3 000 V，the source temperature was 100 ℃，the desolvent gas was nitrogen ，and the solvent free gas flow rate was 600 L/h. The flow rate of the conical orifice was 50 L/h. RESULTS： The linear range of o-phenylenediamine，phenylacetic acid and dibasol hydrochlo- ride were 0.427-4.27 μg/mL（r＝0.998 9），0.403-4.03 μg/mL（r＝ 0.998 9）and 0.82-8.20 μg/mL（r＝0.999 9），respec-tively. The limits of quantitation were 0.042 7，0.134 3，0.088 7 μg/mL. The limits of detection were 0.021 4，0.067 1，0.044 3 μ g/mL. RSDs of precision ，stability，reproducibility and durability tests were all less than 2％. The average recoveries were 98.31％- 99.78％-102.23％ for phenylacetic acid （RSD＝0.70％，n＝9）. No o-phenylenediamine was detected in 6 batches of dibazol hydrochloride raw materials ；the contents of phenylacetic acid · were 0-0.04％ ；the contents of maximum unknown impurity were 0.05％ -0.25％ ；total contents of unknown impurity were 0.05％-0.31％. In 77 batches of Dibasol hydrochloride tablets ，the contents of o-phenylenediamine were 0-0.11％，the contents of phenylacetic acid were 0-0.03％；the contents of maximum unknown impurity were 0.06％-0.51％；total contents of unknown impurity were 0.10％-0.62％. It was speculated that maximum unknown impurity was 2-（hydroxyphenylmethyl）benzimidazole （hydrobenzde）. CONCLUSIONS ：Established method is rapid ，accurate and specific ，and can be used for the determination of related substances in dibasol hydrochloride raw materials and tablets. The maximum unknown impurity may be benzimidazoles.
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Objective The objective of this study was to explore the differences of serum metabolomics between small cell lung cancer(SCLC)patients and healthy volunteers,and to discover serum potential biomarkers for identification and small cell lung cancer staging. Methods Ultra-performance liquid chromatography time of flight mass spectrometry(UPLS-TOF/MS)was used to establish the serum metabolic profile of SCLC. Principal Component Analysis(PCA)and orthogonal hidden variables were analyzed by the EZinfo2. 0 software. Orthogonal Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis(OPLS-DA)was used to analyze the metabolic differ-ences between the case and normal control groups. Through cluster analysis using HMDB and METLIN database to search for the exact mass-to-charge ratio of the difference,preliminary identification of some substances with significant differences was carried out. Results Ten differential metabolites such as lysophosphatidylcholine between patients and control groups were screened and identi-fied by mass spectrometry and database search. There were 10 different metabolites such as glycocholic acid in the contour analysis of SCLC patients with different stages. Conclusion There is a significant difference in serum metabolism between SCLC patients and healthy controls. The discovery of differential metabolites provides experimental evidence for the identification of small cell lung cancer and potential markers of staging.
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In this study, we used Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry(UPLC-TOF-MS)to identify the chemical constituents in both ethanol and water extract of Polygonum capitatum. A Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C₁₈ column(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.7 μm) was used for separation. The mobile phase was consisted of(A) 0.10% formic acid in water and(B)0.10% formic acid in acetonitrile, and the flow rate was 0.35 mL•min⁻¹. ESI source in negative ion mode was used for MS detection. Structural identification was carried out according to the accurate mass and matching with database. The results showed that flavonoids, polyphenols and lignans were the main components in both extracts. However, the chemical compositions of both extracts were different, e.g. there are less hydrolyzable tannins, loss of ellagic acid and more anthocyanins in ethanol extract. In a conclusion, this study provides an important scientific basis for identifying the active ingredients in P. capitatum, which also help to reveal the pharmacological effect of P. capitatum.
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To explore the effect of vinegar-processed Curcumae Rhizoma on endogenous metabolites in bile by investigating the endogenous metabolites difference in bile before and after Curcumae Rhizoma was processed with vinegar. Alcohol extracts of crude and vinegar-processed Curcumae Rhizoma, as well as normal saline were prepared respectively, which were then given to the rats by intragastric administration for 0.5 h. Then common bile duct intubation drainage was conducted to collect 12 h bile of the rats. UPLC-TOF-MS analysis of bile samples was applied after 1∶3 acetonitrile protein precipitation; unidimensional statistics were combined with multivariate statistics and PeakView software was compared with network database to identify the potential biomarkers. Vinegar-processed Curcumae Rhizoma extracts had significant effects on metabolites spectrum in bile of the rats. With the boundaries of P<0.05, 13 metabolites with significant differences were found in bile of crude and vinegar-processed Curcumae Rhizoma groups, and 8 of them were identified when considering the network database. T-test unidimensional statistical analysis was applied between administration groups and blank group to obtain 7 metabolites with significant differences and identify them as potential biomarkers. 6 of the potential biomarkers were up-regulated in vinegar-processed group, which were related to the metabolism regulation of phospholipid metabolism, fat metabolism, bile acid metabolism, and N-acylethanolamine hydrolysis reaction balance, indicating the mechanism of vinegar-processed Curcumae Rhizoma on endogenous metabolites in bile of the rats.
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Aim With metabolomics method, to study Shen-Mai decoction’ s function on protecting the myo-cardial injured rats caused by doxorubicin for probing into the functioning mechanism of Shen-Mai decoction’ s medical effect. Methods By means of UPLC-TOF-MS, the metabolites of urine of the rats treated by Shen-Mai decoction were analyzed. Then, the differ-ences between each group of the metabolites were sought with PLS-DA ( the partial least square discrimi-nant analysis ) and OPLS-DA ( the orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis ) . VIP ( variable importance in projection ) and t test were used to screen out potential biomarkers. Results Fourteen endogenous metabolites such as succinyladenosine, a-denosine 2′, 3′-cyclic phosphate, S-( 3-methylbu-tanoyl )-dihydrolipoamide-E, cis-4-hydroxycyclohexy-lacetic acid, phenylbutyrylglutamine, 3-butyn-1-al, 3-hydroxytetradecanedioic acid, dihydrolipoamide and pyruvic acid, etc. were characterized. Conclusions The results indicate that Shen-Mai decoction can pro-tect the body from myocardial injury by regulating pu-rine metabolism, some acid metabolism, fat metabo-lism and energy metabolism, etc. The study expounds the functioning mechanism for Shen-Mai decoction ’ s medical effect in the body and provides theoretical grounds for the rationality of the two medical herbs ’ compatibility and their combination in clinical treat-ment of diseases.