Diagnosis and treatment status quo of major aortopulmonary collateral arteries in congenital heart disease with decreased pulmonary blood flow / 国际儿科学杂志

The congenital heart disease with decreased pulmonary blood flow is one type of congenital heart disease characterized by reduced pulmonary blood flow. Common clinical types include tetralogy of Fallot，pulmonary atresia，double outlet right ventricle，and other complex malformations associated with pulmonary artery stenosis. Due to the lack of pulmonary blood supply from the right ventricle，children with this condition often have major aortopulmonary collateral arteries（MAPCAs）or the ductus arteriosus participating in pulmonary circulation for blood supply. Research has revealed that MAPCAs are important factors which cause the increase of mechanical ventilation time，intensive care unit stay time，complication rate and mortality after radical surgical treatment of congenital heart disease with decreased pulmonary blood flow. Therefore，the treatment of MAPCAs in perioperative period is crucial. This article summarizes the research progress of MAPCAs distribution and influence，diagnosis and evaluation，and treatment methods，to provide the reference for clinicians to standardize MAPCAs treatment.

Clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients with myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries / 沈阳医学院学报

Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics of patients with myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries(MINOCA)and the risk factors of major adverse cardiovascular events(MACE)within 1 year of follow-up.Methods:A total of 1 866 patients who met the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction and underwent coronary angiography in the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine of our hospital from Sep 2018 to Sep 2021 were selected.According to the results of coronary angiography,the patients were divided into MINOCA group and myocardial infarction with obstructive coronary artery disease(MI-CAD)group.The clinical characteristics and the occurrence of MACE in the two groups were compared.According to the occurrence of MACE,patients in MINOCA group were divided into MACE group and non-MACE group.Binary logistic regression analysis was used to explore the risk factors for MACE in MINOCA patients.Results:The age of patients in MINOCA group was lower than that in MI-CAD group,and more patients were female(P＜0.05).The risk factors of cardiovascular diseases in MINOCA group were less than those in MI-CAD group(P＜0.05).Some indexes of laboratory were lower than those in MI-CAD group(P＜0.05).Left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)were higher than that in MI-CAD group(P＜0.05).Left ventricular end-diastolic inner diameter(LVEDD)was lower than that in MI-CAD group,and the proportion of patients with abnormal ventricular wall motion and high cardiac function grade was lower than that in MI-CAD group,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).The 1-year follow-up showed no significant difference in the incidence of MACE between the two groups(P=0.115).Binary logistic regression analysis showed that smoking(OR=13.095,95%CI:1.799-7.398)and low LVEF(OR=0.036,95%CI:0.012-0.679)were independent risk factors for MACE in MIONCA patients.Conclusions:MINOCA patients are more common in women,with lower age and fewer cardiovascular risk factors,but the incidence of MACE is not less than that of MI-CAD patients.Smoking and low LVEF are independent risk factors for MACE in MINOCA patients.

Prenatal ultrasound diagnosis of isolated persistent vitelline artery: a case report and literature review / 中华围产医学杂志

Objective:To summarize the ultrasonographic features and prognosis of fetal persistent vitelline artery.Methods:The prenatal ultrasound features, genetic testing results, and prognosis of a fetus with an isolated persistent vitelline artery that was diagnosed in our hospital in December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Relevant articles were retrieved from CNKI, VIP, Wanfang, Yiigle, PubMed, Embase, and UpToDate databases using the terms "persistent vitelline artery", "type Ⅱ single umbilical artery", and "prenatal ultrasound" in both Chinese and English. Prenatal ultrasound features and prognosis of the persistent vitelline artery in fetuses were summarized using descriptive statistical analysis.Results:(1) Case report: In this case, ultrasound at 23 gestational weeks showed that an abnormally large blood vessel deriving from the celiac artery near the superior mesenteric artery entered the placenta through the umbilical opening in parallel with the umbilical vein. Color Doppler showed a blood flow spectrum like that in the umbilical artery. The transverse section image showed that bilateral umbilical arteries were not observed in the bladder and the free segment of the umbilical cord was in the shape of the Chinese character "Lyu". No obvious other structural abnormalities and a negative result of genetic testing were observed in the fetus. Followed up to one year old, the patient showed normal growth and development. (2) Literature review: A total of five articles involving four cases were retrieved (three in English and two in Chinese). Among the five cases, including the present case, one was terminated due to left renal agenesis and abnormal heart arteries ratio revealed by prenatal ultrasound, and the remaining four cases without obvious structural abnormalities in the prenatal ultrasound were born and developed well. Histopathological examination of the umbilical cord was performed in three cases, of which two with persistent vitelline artery had a distinct internal elastic lamina, and one with remained vitelline duct.Conclusions:The prenatal ultrasound of fetal persistent vitelline artery is typically characterized by an abnormal vessel that is derived from the abdominal aorta or superior mesenteric artery and plays the function of the umbilical artery. The prognosis of the isolated persistent vitelline artery is good, but a better understanding of such embryonic abnormalities is needed as there are few relevant reports at home and abroad.

Chronic Dissecting Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Coexisting with Horseshoe Kidney Requiring Supra-Renal Clamp and Reattachment of Accessory Renal Arteries / 日本心臓血管外科学会雑誌

A 60-year-old man underwent open surgery for chronic dissecting abdominal aorta accompanied with a horseshoe kidney. Through open laparotomy, the abdominal aortic aneurysm was exposed without revision of the horseshoe kidney. Cold ringer solution was infused to accessory renal arteries for renal protection. After supra-renal clamping, proximal anastomosis was then performed at the level just below the renal arteries. Abdominal cross clamp time at the level of the supra-renal arteries was 23 min. Median and right accessory arteries were reattached with an ischemic time of 73 and 103 min, respectively. Although serum creatine was elevated a preoperative level of 1.17 mg/dl to 3.63 mg/dl at postoperative day 2, that was gradually decreased to nearly preoperative level of 1.25 mg/dl at discharge. Postoperative enhanced CT demonstrated patency of the reattached accessory arteries. The patient was discharged without major complication on postoperative day 21. One year postoperatively, his follow-up course was uneventful without deterioration of renal function.

Open revascularization for chronic mesenteric ischemia in the endovascular era: a quaternary-center experience and management algorithm / Revascularização aberta na isquemia mesentérica crônica durante a era endovascular: experiência de um centro quaternário e um algoritmo de tratamento

Abstract Background Chronic mesenteric ischemia (CMI) is a debilitating disease with a heavy burden on quality of life. Stenting of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) is the first option for treatment, but there is a lack of consensus defining precise indications for open revascularization (OR). Objectives To describe a series of 4 patients with CMI treated with OR and to present an algorithm for the management of this condition. Methods Three patients presented with typical intestinal angina and weight loss. One patient was subjected to prophylactic revascularization during open abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. Surgical techniques included: 1) Bypass from the infrarenal aorta to the SMA; 2) Bypass from an aorto-bifemoral polyester graft to the SMA; 3) Bypass from the right iliac artery to the SMA; 4) Bypass from the right graft limb of an aorto-biiliac polyester graft to the median colic artery at Riolan's arcade. PTFE was used in all surgeries. All grafts were placed in a retrograde configuration, tunneled under the left renal vein, making a smooth C-loop. A treatment algorithm was constructed based on the institution's experience and a review of recent literature. Results All patients demonstrated resolution of symptoms and recovery of body weight. All grafts are patent after mean follow-up of two years. Conclusions Open revascularization using the C-loop configuration is a valuable technique for CMI and may be considered in selected cases. The algorithm constructed may help decision planning in other quaternary centers.

Resumo Contexto A isquemia mesentérica crônica (IMC) é uma doença debilitante, com grave impacto na qualidade de vida. A literatura recomenda a angioplastia com stent da artéria mesentérica superior (AMS) como primeira opção de tratamento, mas há falta de consenso que defina indicações precisas para a revascularização aberta. Objetivos Descrever uma série de quatro pacientes com IMC, tratados com revascularização aberta, e apresentar um algoritmo para o manejo dessa condição. Métodos Três pacientes apresentaram angina intestinal típica e perda ponderal. Uma paciente foi submetida a reparo aberto de aneurisma da aorta abdominal e apresentava obstrução da AMS, que foi revascularizada profilaticamente. As técnicas cirúrgicas incluíram: 1) enxerto entre a aorta infrarrenal e a AMS; 2) enxerto entre o dácron utilizado em um enxerto aortobifemoral e a AMS; 3) enxerto entre a artéria ilíaca comum direita e a AMS; e 4) enxerto entre o ramo direito do dácron utilizado em um enxerto aorto-biilíaco e a artéria cólica média (ao nível da arcada de Riolan). Todos os enxertos foram feitos utilizando politetrafluoretileno em uma configuração retrógrada, tunelizados abaixo da veia renal esquerda, fazendo uma alça em C. Resultados Todos os pacientes demonstraram resolução dos sintomas e ganho ponderal. Todos os enxertos se mantiveram pérvios durante um seguimento médio de 2 anos. Conclusões A revascularização aberta para IMC utilizando-se a alça em C é uma técnica valiosa e pode ser considerada em pacientes selecionados. O algoritmo proposto pode auxiliar na decisão terapêutica em centros quaternários.

Safety of preoperative branch embolization in patients undergoing evar / Segurança da embolização pré-operatória do ramo em pacientes submetidos a evar

Abstract The purpose of this systematic review is to evaluate the safety of pre-endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR) embolization of aortic side branches - the inferior mesenteric artery and lumbar arteries. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines were followed. A search of MEDLINE and DIMENSION databases identified 9 studies published from 2011 to 2021 that satisfied the inclusion and exclusion criteria. These studies were analyzed to detect the incidence of embolization-related complications. A total of 482 patients underwent preoperative aortic side branch embolization, 30 (6.2%) of whom suffered some kind of minor complication. The only major complication observed was ischemic colitis in 4 (0.82%) patients, two (0.41%) of whom died after bowel resection surgery. Regarding these findings, aortic side branch embolization seems to be a safe procedure, with very low percentages of both minor and major complications.

Resumo O objetivo desta revisão sistemática foi avaliar a segurança da embolização de artéria mesentérica inferior (AMI) e artérias lombares (ALs) pré-correção endovascular de aneurisma da aorta abdominal. Foram realizadas pesquisas nas bases de dados MEDLINE e Dimensions. Foram encontrados 9 estudos publicados de 2011 a 2021 que atendiam aos critérios de inclusão e exclusão. Os estudos foram analisados ​​para definir a incidência de complicações relacionadas à embolização. No total, 482 pacientes foram submetidos a embolização de AMI e/ou ALs, dos quais 30 (6,2%) sofreram algum tipo de complicação menor. A única complicação importante observada foi colite isquêmica em 4 (0,82%) pacientes. Dois (0,41%) desses pacientes morreram após cirurgia de ressecção intestinal. Em relação a esses achados, a embolização de AMI e ALs parece ser um procedimento seguro, com um percentual muito baixo de complicações menores e importantes.

Effects of antenatal corticosteroids on fetal hemodynamics: a longitudinal study / Efeitos do corticoide antenatal na hemodinâmica fetal: um estudo longitudinal

Abstract Objective: To study the effect of antenatal corticosteroid administration on fetal hemodynamics using longitudinal analysis of Doppler waveforms in the umbilical artery (UA) and middle cerebral artery (MCA). Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study that included 30 fetuses at risk for preterm birth. Twenty-eight pregnant women were treated with betamethasone for fetal lung maturation. Doppler examinations of the UA and MCA were performed once before and three or eight times after corticosteroid administration. We used a Bayesian hierarchical linear model. Reference ranges were constructed, and associations between variables (gestational age and pre-eclampsia) were tested. Results: The mean maternal age, gestational age at betamethasone administration, and gestational age at delivery were 32.6 ± 5.89 years, 30.2 ± 2.59 weeks, and 32.9 ± 3.42 weeks, respectively. On UA Doppler, there was a significant decrease in the pulsatility index (PI) after corticosteroid administration, with a mean of 0.1147 (credibility interval: 0.03687-0.191) in three observations and a median of 0.1437 (credibility interval: 0.02509-0.2627) in eight observations. However, there was no significant change in the Doppler MCA PI, regardless of gestational age and the presence or absence of pre-eclampsia. Conclusion: Although antenatal corticosteroid administration induced a significant decrease in the Doppler UA PI, we observed no change in the cerebral vasculature.

Resumo Objetivo: Estudar o efeito da administração antenatal de corticosteroides na hemodinâmica fetal mediante análise longitudinal do Doppler na artéria umbilical e artéria cerebral média (ACM). Materiais e Métodos: Este foi um estudo retrospectivo que incluiu 30 fetos com risco de nascimento pré-termo. Vinte e oito gestantes foram tratadas com betametasona para maturação pulmonar fetal. Os exames de Doppler da AU e da ACM foram realizados uma vez antes e depois da administração de corticosteroides, num total de três ou oito observações. Utilizamos o modelo linear hierárquico com abordagem Bayesiana. Foram construídos os intervalos de referência e testadas associações entre variáveis (idade gestacional e pré-eclâmpsia). Resultados: A média ± desvio-padrão da idade materna, idade gestacional na administração de betametasona e idade gestacional no parto foram 32,6 ± 5,89 anos, 30,2 ± 2,59 semanas e 32,9 ± 3,42 semanas, respectivamente. No Doppler da AU, verificou-se diminuição significativa do índice de pulsatilidade (IP) com a terapêutica com corticosteroides (média: 0,1147 [0,03687-0,191]; em três observações) (mediana: 0,1437 [0,02509-0,2627]; em oito observações). No entanto, não foi observada alteração significativa no IP do Doppler da ACM, independentemente da idade gestacional e do diagnóstico de pré-eclâmpsia. Conclusão: Os corticosteroides pré-natais induziram diminuição significativa no IP do Doppler da AU, mas não houve alteração na vasculatura cerebral.

Vascular contraction of umbilical arteries of pregnant women with preeclampsia

Abstract Objective: Potassium channels have an important role in the vascular adaptation during pregnancy and a reduction in the expression of adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channels (Katp) has been linked to preeclampsia. Activation of Katp induces vasodilation; however, no previous study has been conducted to evaluate the effects of the inhibition of these channels in the contractility of preeclamptic arteries. Glibenclamide is an oral antihyperglycemic agent that inhibits Katp and has been widely used in vascular studies. Methods: To investigate the effects of the inhibition of Katp, umbilical arteries of preeclamptic women and women with healthy pregnancies were assessed by vascular contractility experiments, in the presence or absence of glibenclamide. The umbilical arteries were challenged with cumulative concentrations of potassium chloride (KCl) and serotonin. Results: There were no differences between the groups concerning the maternal age and gestational age of the patients. The percentage of smokers, caucasians and primiparae per group was also similar. On the other hand, blood pressure parameters were elevated in the preeclamptic group. In addition, the preeclamptic group presented a significantly higher body mass index. The newborns of both groups presented similar APGAR scores and weights. Conclusion: In the presence of glibenclamide, there was an increase in the KCl-induced contractions only in vessels from the PE group, showing a possible involvement of these channels in the disorder.

Resection of Mycotic Iliac Artery Aneurysm with Extra-Anatomic Bypass: An Alternative to Aneurysmorrhaphy in Difficult Situations

ABSTRACT Mycotic aneurysms of the iliac and other large arteries are rare and are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Treatment of mycotic aneurysms usually requires modification of the surgical technique done for cases of degenerative or atherosclerotic aneurysms. Degenerative and atherosclerotic fusiform aneurysms are usually managed with aneurysmorrhaphy using a prosthetic graft, which however is not ideal for mycotic aneurysms. Avoidance of prosthetic material at the site of mycotic aneurysm is a better option with higher chances of resolution of infection and favorable patient outcome.

Evaluación angiográfica de la distribución anatómica de la irrigación sanguínea del ángulo esplénico del colon en población chilena

Objetivo: Identificar los patrones de distribución vascular del ángulo esplénico del colon (AEC) en la población chilena para su comparación con la literatura oriental (Fukuoka). Materiales y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, transversal. Se caracterizó la irrigación del AEC de imágenes con protocolo Urotac realizadas en Clínica INDISA entre el año 2020 y 2021 (n = 127), clasificándolas dentro de 6 tipos descritos por Fukuoka. Se evaluaron características demográficas y comorbilidades. Las variables fueron analizadas utilizando estadística descriptiva y la significancia mediante la prueba Chi2. Resultados: Existen diferencias en los tipos irrigación del AEC entre la serie local y Fukuoka, la irrigación tipo 3 fue la que presentó mayor variación (p < 0,05). El tipo 1 es la más frecuente (34,7%), sin casos del Tipo 4. No se identificó diferencia entre los distintos tipos de irrigación con relación a las variables demográficas y comorbilidades. Discusión: Al comparar nuestra serie con la oriental se evidenció similar frecuencia en tipos 1 y 6, mayor en tipos 3 y 5, y tipos 2 y 4 con menor representación. Se identificó un mayor aporte en la irrigación del AEC por la arteria cólica izquierda (ACI) en la población estudiada (64,6%). Conclusión: Nuestra población tiene mayor participación de ACI en irrigación del AEC que orientales (64,6% vs 49,6%), los tipos más frecuentes son 1, 3 y 6, el Tipo 1 es la forma más frecuente de irrigación, similar a Fukuoka (34,7% vs 39,7%), Tipo 3 tiene mayor representación en nuestra población que en la oriental (29,9% vs 9,9%).

Objective: To identify the vascular distribution patterns of the splenic flexure of the colon (AEC) in the Chilean population for comparison with the oriental literature (Fukuoka). Methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional study. The irrigation of the AEC of images with the Urotac protocol performed at the INDISA Clinic between 2020 and 2021 (n = 127) was characterized, classifying them into 6 types described by Fukuoka. Demographic characteristics and comorbidities were evaluated. Variables were analyzed using descriptive statistics and significance using the Chi2 test. Results: There are differences in the types of irrigation of the AEC between the local series and Fukuoka, irrigation type 3 was the one that presented the greatest variation (p < 0.05). Type 1 is the most frequent (34.7%), with no cases of Type 4. No difference was identified between the different types of irrigation in relation to demographic variables and comorbidities. Discussion: When comparing our series with the eastern one, a similar frequency was found in types 1 and 6, higher in types 3 and 5, and types 2 and 4 with less representation. A greater contribution was identified in the irrigation of the AEC by the left colic artery (ICA) in the population studied (64.6%). Conclusion: Our population has a greater participation of ICA in AEC irrigation than Orientals (64.6% vs 49.6%), the most frequent types are 1, 3 and 6, Type 1 is the most frequent form of irrigation, similar to Fukuoka (34.7% vs 39.7%), Type 3 is more represented in our population than in the eastern one (29.9% vs 9.9%).

Comparison between Wright and Shukla formulas: which is better for the placement of umbilical catheters in newborns ≤ 1500 g? / Comparación entre las fórmulas de Wright y de Shukla: ¿cuál es mejor para la colocación de catéteres umbilicales en recién nacidos ≤ 1500 g?

Abstract Background: Intravascular venous (VUC) or arterial (AUC) umbilical catheter placement is the most frequent invasive procedure in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Either Wright's or Shukla's formula is used to introduce the catheters. However, Shukla's formula is associated with incorrect insertion, especially for newborns < 1500 g. This study aimed to determine by chest X-ray if Wright's formula is better than Shukla's formula for the correct placement of umbilical catheters in newborns ≤ 1500 g. Methods: We included patients admitted to the NICU of a secondary-level hospital between 2021-2022 who received VUC or AUC through the Wright or Shukla formulas. Results: A total of 129 newborns were included: 78 with VUC and 51 with AUC. In VUC, 50% with Wright and 36.8% with Shukla formulas had the correct location, (p = 0.24). In AUC, 56.6 % with Wright and 52.4% with Shukla formulas were placed correctly placed, (p = 0.76). VUC with weight < 1000 g were correctly placed in 36.4% with Wright and 33.3% with Shukla formulas (p = 0.58). VUC in newborns > 1000 g were correctly placed in 66.6% with Wright and 38.4% with Shukla formulas (p = 0.065). AUC in newborns < 1000 g were correctly placed in 45% using Wright and 42.9% Shukla formulas (p = 0.63). AUC in newborns > 1000 g were correctly placed in 80% using Wright and 57.1% Shukla formulas (p = 0.23). Conclusions: We found 13% more correctly placed VUC using Wright's formula. Moreover, Wright's formula was 29% above Shukla's VUC placement in neonates > 1000 g, although there was no significant difference due to the sample size.

Resumen Introducción: La colocación de catéteres intravasculares venosos umbilicales (CVU) y arteriales (CAU) es el procedimiento invasivo más frecuente en la unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales (UCIN). Para introducirlos se utilizan las fórmulas de Wright y de Shukla, aunque esta última podría estar asociada con una inserción incorrecta, especialmente en neonatos < 1500 g. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar mediante radiografía de tórax cuál fórmula es mejor para la correcta colocación de catéteres umbilicales en recién nacidos ≤ 1500 g. Métodos: Se incluyeron los pacientes ingresados en la UCIN de un hospital de segundo nivel entre 2021-2022 que recibieron CVU o CAU mediante las fórmulas de Wrigth o Shukla. Resultados: Se incluyeron en total 129 recién nacidos: 78 CVU y 51 CAU. En CVU, Wright 50% y Shukla 36.8% tuvieron localización correcta, p = 0.24. En las CAU, Wright 56.6% y Shukla 52.4% tenían una ubicación correcta, p = 0.76. En CVU con peso < 1000 g, Wright 36.4% y Shukla 33.3% bien situados, p = 0.58. En CVU > 1000 g, Wright 66.6% y Shukla 38.4% bien situados, p = 0.065. En CAU < 1000 g, Wright 45% y Shukla 42.9%, p = 0.63. En CAU con peso > 1000 g, Wright 80% y Shukla 57.1%, p = 0.23. Conclusiones: La colocación del CVU fue 13% mejor con la fórmula de Wright. La fórmula de Wright superó en el 29% la colocación del CVU en los neonatos > 1000 g en comparación con la de Shukla, aunque no hubo diferencia significativa debido al tamaño de la muestra.

Arterias sigmoideas: bases para una nueva clasificación / Sigmoid arteries: bases for a new classification

Las arterias sigmoideas son ramas de la arteria mesentérica inferior e irrigan al colon sigmoideo. Se originan del tronco de las arterias sigmoideas. Esta es la descripción más frecuente según los autores consultados. El objetivo fue analizar las variaciones en el origen y distribución de las arterias sigmoideas mediante disección. Se utilizaron 13 preparados cadavéricos formolizados al 10 %. Se disecó la cavidad abdominal para identificar a las arterias sigmoideas. Se evidenció su bifurcación paralela al colon sigmoideo. Se lo delimitó mediante reparos palpables. Patrón I: 4 casos (30,8 %). Variante de la arcada sigmoidea como rama colateral de la arteria mesentérica inferior. Tipo Ia: 1 caso (25 %). Sin asociaciones. Tipo Ib: 1 caso (25 %). Asociada al tronco sigmoideo. Tipo Ic: 2 casos (50 %). Asociada a arterias sigmoideas accesorias. Patrón II: 6 casos (46,2 %). Variante del tronco común entre arteria cólica izquierda y arterias destinadas al colon sigmoideo. Tipo IIa: 3 casos (50 %). Sin asociaciones. Tipo IIb: 2 casos (33,3 %). Asociado al tronco sigmoideo. Tipo IIc: 1 caso (16,7 %). Asociado a arterias sigmoideas accesorias. Patrón III: 3 casos (23 %). Variante clásica. Se definió por la ausencia del tronco común con la arteria cólica izquierda y de la arcada sigmoidea. Tipo IIIa: 2 casos (66,7 %). Un número variable de arterias sigmoideas nacen como ramas colaterales de la arteria mesentérica inferior, sin asociarse al tronco sigmoideo. Tipo IIIb: 1 caso (33,3 %). La arteria cólica izquierda emite como rama colateral la primera arteria sigmoidea y se asocia al tronco sigmoideo. 1. El patrón II es el prevalente en este trabajo (46,2 %). 2. La variante clásica no es la predominante en esta investigación (23 %). 3. La arcada sigmoidea tiene 53,8 % de incidencia.

SUMMARY: The sigmoid arteries are branches of the inferior mesenteric artery and supply the sigmoid colon. They originate from the trunk of the sigmoids. This is the most frequent description according to the consulted authors. The objective is to analyze the variations in the origin and distribution of the sigmoid arteries through dissection. 13 cadaveric preparations formalized at 10 % and instruments were used. The abdominal cavity was dissected to identify the sigmoid arteries. Its bifurcation parallel to the sigmoid colon is evident. It is delimited by palpable repairs. Pattern I: 4 cases (30.8 %). Variant of the sigmoid arcade as a collateral branch of the inferior mesenteric artery. Type Ia: 1 case (25 %). No associations. Type Ib: 1 case (25 %). Associated with the sigmoid trunk. Type Ic: 2 cases (50 %). Associated with accessory sigmoid arteries. Pattern II: 6 cases (46.2 %). Variant of the common trunk between the left colic artery and arteries destined for the sigmoid colon. Type IIa: 3 cases (50 %). No associations. Type IIb: 2 cases (33.3 %). Associated with the sigmoid trunk. Type IIc: 1 case (16.7 %). Associated with accessory sigmoid arteries. Pattern III: 3 cases (23 %). Classic variant. It was defined by the absence of the common trunk with the left colic artery and the sigmoid arcade. Type IIIa: 2 cases (66.7 %). A variable number of sigmoid arteries arise as collateral branches of the inferior mesenteric artery, without being associated with the sigmoid trunk. Type IIIb: 1 case (33.3 %). The left colic artery gives off the first sigmoid artery as a collateral branch and is associated with the sigmoid trunk. 1. Pattern II is the most prevalent in this study (46.2 %). 2. The classic variant is not the predominant one in this research (23 %). 3. The sigmoid arcade has a 53.8 % incidence.

Hematoma espontáneo de la vaina de los rectos en paciente con COVID-19 y leucemia mieloide crónica. Reporte de un caso clínico y revisión de la literatura

Introducción: El hematoma de la vaina de los rectos es poco frecuente. En este reporte se presenta un caso clínico de este cuadro en un paciente con neumonía por COVID-19 y leucemia mieloide crónica, junto con una revisión de literatura. Caso Clínico: Paciente masculino de 55 años, hospitalizado por neumonía por COVID-19 y leucemia mieloide crónica, presenta taquicardia, hipotensión y aumento de volumen abdominal asimétrico. En la tomografía computarizada se evidencia un hematoma de la vaina de los rectos. Se realiza drenaje quirúrgico y control del sangrado. No presentó complicaciones postoperatorias ni necesidad de reoperación. Discusión: Las complicaciones hemorrágicas en pacientes con COVID-19 están poco descritas. El sangrado es una posible complicación en pacientes con leucemia mieloide crónica. Es relevante tener en cuenta el hematoma de la vaina de los rectos en pacientes con COVID-19 y/o leucemia mieloide crónica que presenten aumento de volumen abdominal, para un manejo precoz por un equipo multidisciplinario. Conclusión: La vigilancia activa y el alto índice de sospecha son clave para identificar posibles complicaciones hemorrágicas en pacientes con COVID-19 y/o leucemia mieloide crónica.

Introduction: Rectus sheath hematoma is a rare entity. This report presents a clinical case of a rectus sheath hematoma in a patient with COVID-19 pneumonia and chronic myeloid leukemia, along with a review of the literature. Case Report: A 55-year-old male patient, hospitalized for COVID-19 pneumonia and chronic myeloid leukemia, presents with tachycardia and hypotension. Computed tomography shows a rectus sheath hematoma. Surgical management was performed to control bleeding and drainage of the hematoma. There were no postoperative complications or need for reoperation. Discussion: Hemorrhagic complications in patients with COVID-19 are seldomly reported. Bleeding is a possible complication in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia. It is important to take into account rectus sheath hematoma in patients with COVID-19 and/or chronic myeloid leukemia who present with abdominal pain, for early management by a multidisciplinary team. Conclusion: Active surveillance and a high index of suspicion are key to identifying potential bleeding complications in patients with COVID-19 and/or chronic myeloid leukemia.

Acute Carpal Tunnel Syndrome due to Persistent Median Artery thrombosis: Case report / Síndrome do túnel do carpo aguda por trombose da artéria mediana: Relato de caso

Abstract Carpal tunnel syndrome is the most common compressive neuropathy of the upper limb, affecting ~ 4% of the general population. The clinical picture is characterized by pain and, mainly, paresthesia in the median nerve territory, of insidious onset and, in the most severe cases, loss of strength and atrophy of the thenar musculature is observed. It is an extremely common pathology in the daily practice of hand surgery, and in most cases, it can be treated with conservative methods. We present here an atypical case of carpal tunnel syndrome, of acute onset, triggered by persistent median artery (PMA) thrombosis, condition associated with distal embolization and hypoper-fusion of the limb.

Resumo A síndrome do túnel do carpo é a neuropatia compressiva mais comum do membro superior, afetando ~ 4% da população geral. O quadro clínico caracteriza-se por dor e, principalmente, parestesia no território do nervo mediano, de início insidioso e, nos casos mais graves, observa-se perda de força e atrofia da musculatura tenar. Trata-se de patologia extremamente comum na prática diária de cirurgia da mão, e na maior parte dos casos pode ser tratada com métodos conservadores. Apresentamos aqui um caso atípico de síndrome do túnel do carpo, de surgimento agudo, desencadeado pela trombose da artéria mediana persistente, quadro associado com embolização distal e hipoperfusão do membro.

Is there a correlation between dizziness and intracranial artery calcification?

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the correlation between dizziness and intracranial artery calcification. METHODS: A total of 107 consecutive patients were recruited for this study. These patients were categorized into first (case) and second (control) groups. The first and second groups had complaints of dizziness and headache, respectively. All the patients had noncontrast cranial computed tomography images. Bilateral internal carotid arteries, bilateral vertebral arteries, and basilar arteries were evaluated for detecting burden of intracranial artery calcification. Finally, demographic characteristics, stroke risk factors, and burden of intracranial artery calcification of these two groups were compared. The Mann-Whitney U test, chi-square test, and Spearman's correlation were performed to analyze the study. RESULTS: It was found that the first and second groups included 39 and 68 patients, respectively. The mean age of the first group was significantly higher than that of the second group. The mean burden of intracranial artery calcification of the posterior circulation in the first and second groups were not statistically different from each other (p=0.555). The mean burden of intracranial artery calcification of the anterior circulation in the first group was found to be significantly higher than the second group (p=0.005). However, no significant difference was found between the two groups in terms of burden of intracranial artery calcification of anterior or posterior circulation, when the age variable was synchronized in both groups. CONCLUSION: Although this study found a limited correlation between dizziness and intracranial artery calcification, this situation was basically related to aging.

Impact of Reconstructing Intercostal Artery on Spinal Cord Circulation During Open Surgery for Thoracoabdominal Aortic Aneurysm

ABSTRACT Introduction: We evaluated the outcomes of the selective intercostal artery reconstruction for preventing spinal cord injury during thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair. Methods: We retrospectively assessed 84 consecutive patients who underwent thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repairs between 2004 and 2016. The mean age of the patients was 57.3 years. We performed preoperative multidetector computed tomography in 74 patients (88.0%) to identify the Adamkiewicz artery. Spinal cord injury preventive measures included motor evoked potential monitoring, hypothermia induction, Adamkiewicz artery or other intercostal artery reconstruction, and cerebrospinal fluid drainage. Results: The hospital death rate was 5.9%, and paraplegia occurred in four patients (4.7%). The Adamkiewicz artery or other intercostal arteries were reconstructed selectively in 46 patients (54.7%). Of these patients, 41 underwent postoperative multidetector computed tomography, which revealed occlusion of the reconstructed grafts in 23 patients (56.0%). There was no paraplegia in the patients who underwent reconstruction of the Adamkiewicz artery, which was patent on postoperative multidetector computed tomography. Univariate analysis showed no significant effect of various risk factors on the development of spinal cord injury. Conclusion: Outcome of open surgery for thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm in our institution regarding spinal cord injury was satisfactory. The benefits of Adamkiewicz artery reconstruction remain inconclusive, and further larger studies are required to identify its validation for spinal cord protection in thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair.

Prevalencia de infarto de miocardio sin enfermedad coronaria aterosclerótica obstructiva (MINOCA) / Prevalence of myocardial infarction with non-obstructive atherosclerotic coronary artery disease (MINOCA)

Resumen Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia y factores de riesgo cardiovascular de los pacientes con infarto agudo de miocardio sin evidencia de lesiones coronarias obstructivas en la arteriografía coronaria, en una institución de salud con servicios de mediana y alta complejidad en la ciudad de Valledupar (Cesar), Colombia. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo, de corte transversal, único centro, en el que se incluyeron pacientes mayores de 18 años, atendidos en un centro hospitalario en la ciudad de Valledupar con síndrome coronario agudo, a quienes se les realizó arteriografía coronaria y cumplían con los criterios para MINOCA según la cuarta definición universal de infarto de miocardio, desde enero de 2016 hasta diciembre de 2019. Se calculó la prevalencia de MINOCA y descripción por sexo, edad, factores de riesgo cardiovascular y tipo de presentación del SCA. Resultados: De un total de 3.022 pacientes de la población estudiada con diagnóstico de infarto agudo de miocardio, 215 no tenían lesiones coronarias obstructivas, lo cual arrojó una prevalencia del 7.11% (IC 95%: 6.20-8.03%). La mayoría fueron mujeres (53.02%) con una edad promedio de 56,6 años. El 75.8% de los pacientes tenía al menos un factor de riesgo cardiovascular, con predominio de hipertensión arterial (67.4 %). La mayoría presentó síndrome coronario agudo sin elevación del segmento ST (93.5%). Conclusión: La prevalencia de MINOCA en nuestra institución se encuentra en el rango descrito en la literatura médica y tiene características clínicas similares en reportes publicados. Se plantea la necesidad de realizar estudios posteriores para la determinación de la causa en este tipo de pacientes.

Abstract Objective: To determine the prevalence and cardiovascular risk factors in patients with acute myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary lesions in coronary arteriography in a health institution with intermediate and specialized care in the city of Valledupar (Cesar), Colombia. Materials and methods: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional, single-center study. All patients included were over 18 years of age. They presented an acute coronary syndrome and were treated in a health center in Valledupar, Colombia. Coronary arteriography was completed, and patients met the criteria for MINOCA according to the fourth universal definition of myocardial infarction. The prevalence of MINOCA and description by sex, age, cardiovascular risk factors, and type of ACS presentation were calculated. The study was carried out between January 2016 and December 2019. Results: Of the 3.022 patients diagnosed with acute myocardial infarction, 215 did not have non-obstructive coronary lesions, with a prevalence of 7.11% (CI 95%: 6.20-8.03%). Most subjects were women (53.02 %), and the mean age was 56.6 years. 75.8% of participants had at least one cardiovascular risk factor, predominantly arterial hypertension (67.4%). Most patients had non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (93.5%). Conclusion: The prevalence of MINOCA in our institution is within the range described in the medical literature. The clinical characteristics found were similar to those reported in the literature. Further studies need to be conducted to determine the cause in this type of patient.

Effect of local unstable atherosclerotic plaque on plaque formation in the carotid artery and abdominal aorta of rabbits / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the effect of local unstable atherosclerotic plaque on plaque formation in the carotid and aortic arteries of rabbits.@*METHODS@#Thirty New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into atherosclerosis model group, highfat diet feeding group, and normal chow feeding group (blank control group). In the model group, carotid artery balloon injury was induced after 4 weeks of high-fat diet feeding. Eight weeks later, all the rabbits were euthanized for histopathological examination of the carotid artery and abdominal aorta, and the mean intimal thickness and plaque to lumen area ratio were measured using image analysis software. Venous blood samples were collected from the rabbits for blood lipid analysis.@*RESULT@#At the ends of 4, 8 and 12 weeks, the rabbits in the model group and high-fat feeding group, but not those in the blank control group, all showed significant weight gain compared with their body weight at 0 week (P < 0.05). The mean intimal thickness was significantly greater in atherosclerosis model group than in the other two groups (P < 0.05). In atherosclerosis model group, the mean intimal thickness and plaque to lumen area ratio in the injured carotid artery were significantly greater than those in the contralateral carotid artery and abdominal aorta (P < 0.05). At the end of the 12 weeks, the levels of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density cholesterol (HDL-C) and highsensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP) were all significantly higher in the model group and high-fat feeding group than in the blank control group (P < 0.05); the levels of TG, TC, LDL-C, or HDL-C did not differ significantly between the model group and high-fat feeding group (P>0.05), but the level of CRP was significantly higher in arteriosclerosis model group (P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Local unstable atherosclerotic plaque can increase the level of CRP and promote the formation of atherosclerotic plaques in the carotid artery and abdominal aorta in rabbits.

Evaluation of factors affecting the outcome of emergency cerebral arterial thrombectomy based on cerebral angiography imaging features / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective:To analyze the predictors of poor outcomes after emergency intracerebral thrombectomy based on the characteristics of cerebral angiography.Methods:A total of 146 patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) who received endovascular treatment in Loudi Central Hospital from March 2019 to February 2022 were included in the study, and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) was performed on the patients. The patients were divided into a good prognosis group (95 cases) and a poor prognosis group (51 cases) by the modified Rankin scale 3 months after operation. Gender, age, time from onset to visit, time from onset to puncture, proportion of intravenous thrombolysis, occlusion site, treatment strategy, National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score, core infarct volume, ischemic hypoperfusion volume, collateral circulation classification, and venous drainage status were compared between the two groups score; Logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors affecting the poor prognosis of patients; Receive Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the predictive value of collateral circulation classification and venous drainage status score for poor prognosis of patients, and the differences in general data and imaging data were compared between groups with different collateral circulation grades and venous drainage status.Results:Compared with the good outcome group, the time from onset to visit, NIHSS score, core infarct volume, ischemic hypoperfusion volume, the proportion of thrombectomy alone, and collateral circulation classification in the poor outcome group [2 (2, 3) levels. 2 (1, 2) level] and venous drainage score [5 (4, 6) points vs. 6 (6, 8) points] increased ( P<0.05), and the proportion of recanalization grade 2b/3 decreased ( P<0.05); NIHSS score, collateral circulation grade and venous drainage status were predictors of poor outcome within 3 months after mechanical thrombectomy ( OR = 2.51, 1.93, 2.61, P<0.05); collateral circulation grade and venous drainage score predicted mechanical thrombectomy in patients with AIS, the area under curve (AUC) of poor outcome after thrombectomy were 0.714 and 0.829, respectively; the time from onset to visit between patients with poor collateral circulation, moderate and good AIS [(236.95 ± 21.03) min, (250.41 ± 21.32) min, (255.72 ± 20.98 min)], core infarct volume [52 (17, 80) ml, 25 (15.5, 30) ml, 15 (10, 25) ml] and venous drainage scores [5 (4, 6) points, 5 (5, 8) points, 5 (5, 8) points] were significantly different ( P<0.05); time from onset to visit in patients with poor venous drainage, moderate and good AIS (234.81 ± 21.22 min), (256.83 ± 20.88) min, (258.97 ± 21.35) min], core infarct volume [17(13, 45) ml, 26(25, 29) ml, 20 (11, 29) ml] and collateral circulation classification [2 (1, 2) level, 2 (1, 3) level, 2 (2, 3) level] were significantly different ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Collateral grading and venous drainage scores based on DSA imaging were predictors of poor outcomes within 3 months of mechanical arterial thrombectomy in patients with AIS.

Ultrasonographic diagnosis and prognosis of transposition of the great arteries at 11-13 + 6 weeks gestation / 中华超声影像学杂志

Objective:To investigate the value of ultrasonography in diagnosis of transposition of great arteries of the fetus at 11-13 + 6 weeks gestation. Methods:A prospective study was conducted on fetuses screened by ultrasound in the first trimester in Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region between January 2015 and March 2022. Fetal heart structure was screened by three-section screening method. Fetuses with suspected transposition of the great arteries at 11-13 + 6 weeks gestation underwent followed-up ultrasound examination, chromosome and gene test results. The ultrasound characteristics and prognosis pregnancy outcomes were summarized. Results:Twenty-one cases of transposition of the great arteries were detected by ultrasonography, including complete transposition of great arteries (20 cases) and congenitaly corrected transposition of the great arteries (1 case). Two cases were miss diagnosed. Twenty-one cases showed parallel signs of two major arteries on grayscale outflow section at 11-13 + 6 weeks gestation. There were 6 cases with aneuploid ultrasonographic soft markers abnormality, 2 cases with extracardiac malformation. Chromosome and microarray analysis were performed in 13 cases. 4 cases with chromosomal abnormality. Four cases of chromosomal abnormalities were associated with ultrasonographic soft markers abnormality, and 1 case with extracardiac malformation.In the 23 cases, 20 cases were induced, 1 miscarried, and 2 delivered to term. Among the fetuses delivered at term, 1 case died before neonatal operation and 1 case survived. Conclusions:Standardized ultrasound scan at 11-13 + 6 weeks has high accuracy in diagnosis of transposition of the great arteries. And the incidence of chromosomal abnormality is high with ultrasonographic soft markers abnormality or extracardiac malformation.