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Objetivo. Determinar la eficacia antimicrobiana de Lysol® y amonio cuaternario durante la evaluación de tres áreas críticas de la unidad dental (bandeja / botones de mando, respaldo del sillón odontológico y mango de la jeringa triple). Métodos. A través de un estudio experimental comparativo transversal, se analizó un universo de 8 sillones dentales: tres fueron desinfectadas con Lysol®; tres con amonio cuaternario; dos sillones se seleccionaron como controles (positivo y negativo). Todos los sillones odontológicos se muestrearon dos veces día: antes de comenzar y al finalizar su uso, durante tres días. La toma de muestras fue realizada en las Clínicas de la Universidad Hemisferios antes y después de la colocación del desinfectante; las muestras fueron transportadas en caldo de tioglicolato para ser analizadas. Se sembraron diluciones 1:2 y 1:10 de cada muestra en Agar Plate Count y se incubaron por 24 horas a 37°C. Posteriormente, se realizó un recuento de colonias por duplicado, analizándose un total de 864 muestras. Resultados. Lysol® y amonio cuaternario 5% mostraron igual efectividad antimicrobiana ante las tres áreas analizadas (p>0.05); el área en la que se halló una mayor cantidad de microorganismos fue la bandeja (incluyendo botones de mando). Conclusión. Se determinó que tanto Lysol® como amonio cuaternario 5% son altamente eficaces para eliminar los microorganismos presentes en las superficies críticas de la unidad dental; además, el área más contaminada antes del uso de los tratamientos fue la bandeja, incluyendo los botones de mando.
Objective. Determine the antimicrobial efficacy of Lysol® and quaternary ammonium during the evaluation of three critical areas of the dental unit (control tray/buttons, dental chair back, and triple syringe handle). Methods. Through a cross-sectional comparative experimental study, a total of 8 dental chairs were analyzed: three were disinfected with Lysol®, three with quaternary ammonium, and two armchairs were selected as controls (positive and negative). All dental chairs were sampled twice a day: before use and at the end of use, for three days. Sampling was carried out at the Hemisferios University Clinics before and after the application of the disinfectant. The samples were transported in thioglycollate broth for analysis. 1:2 and 1:10 dilutions of each sample were plated on Plate Count Agar and incubated for 24 hours at 37°C. Subsequently, duplicate colony counts were performed, analyzing a total of 864 samples. Results. Lysol® and 5% quaternary ammonium showed equal antimicrobial effectiveness against the three areas analyzed (p>0.05). The area with the highest number of microorganisms was the tray (including control buttons). Conclusion. It was determined that both Lysol® and 5% quaternary ammonium are highly effective in eliminating microorganisms present on the critical surfaces of the dental unit. Furthermore, the tray, including the control buttons, was found to be the most contaminated area before treatment.
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Resumen Introducción: La mortalidad por intoxicaciones agudas de sustancias psicoactivas representa un problema de salud pública, especialmente en personas jóvenes. El objetivo del estudio fue crear un perfil de las víctimas mortales por intoxicación aguda en Costa Rica entre los años 2012 y 2021 asociado al consumo de sustancias psicoactivas y drogas de abuso. Materiales y métodos: Se recopilaron datos de Sección de Patología Forense del Departamento de Medicina Legal en Costa Rica, con los cuales se realizó una revisión de las víctimas mortales por intoxicaciones agudas a partir del 1 de enero de 2012 hasta el 31 de diciembre de 2021. La revisión incluyó las siguientes variables: variables epidemiológicas: sexo, edad, nacionalidad, ocupación, estado civil, provincia, consumo frecuente asociado, manera de muerte, tipo de sustancia y lugar de intoxicación. Resultados: De los 456 casos de muertes asociados a intoxicaciones agudas por etanol, metanol, benzodiacepinas, anfetaminas, heroína, cocaína y mixtas; reportados entre el 1 de enero de 2012 y el 31 de diciembre de 2021: el año que más casos reportó fue 2020; 82% de las víctimas fueron hombres y 18% mujeres; las principales edades de las personas reportadas abarcan entre 41 y 60 años. 80% de las personas eran costarricenses; San José fue la provincia con mayor número de casos de intoxicación letal, siendo el domicilio el sitio más frecuente. 14% de las víctimas eran desempleadas; 77% de las personas presentaban algún trastorno de la adicción o consumo frecuente de alguna de las sustancias estudiadas. La mayoría de muertes fueron de manera accidental. Conclusiones: El perfil predominante de las víctimas fue: masculino, entre 41 y 60 años, costarricense, de estado civil indeterminado o soltero, desempleado, que muere de manera accidental, en su domicilio, por intoxicación aguda con alcohol o mixta (alcohol y cocaína).
Abstract Introduction. Mortality from acute poisoning of psychoactive substances represents a public health problem, especially in young adults. The purpose of the study was to create a profile of fatalities due to acute poisoning in Costa Rica between 2012 and 2021 associated with the consumption of psychoactive substances and drugs of abuse. Materials and methods. Data were collected from the Forensic Pathology Section of the Legal Medicine Department in Costa Rica, then a review of fatalities due to acute poisoning was carried out from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2021. The review included the following epidemiological variables: sex, age, nationality, occupation, marital status, province, consumption associated, manner of death, type of substance, and place of intoxication. Results. Out of the 456 reported cases of deaths associated with acute intoxication with ethanol, methanol, benzodiazepines, amphetamines, heroin, cocaine, and mixed substances between January 1, 2012, and December 31, 2021: the year with the highest number of cases reported was 2020; 82% of the victims were male, and 18% were female; the main age group of reported victims ranged from 41 to 60 years old. 80% of the victims were Costa Rican, and San Jose was the province with the highest number of lethal intoxication cases, with the home being the most frequent site. 14% of the victims were unemployed, and 77% of the individuals had some addiction disorder or frequent consumption of one of the studied substances. The majority of deaths were accidental. Conclusion. The main profile of the victims was male, between 41 and 60 years old, Costa Rican, of indeterminate or single marital status, unemployed, who died accidentally, at home, due to acute intoxication with alcohol or a mixture of substances (alcohol and cocaine).
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Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of colchicine on mouse liver cancer via Hippo sig-naling pathway.Methods The 6-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into 3 groups:diethylni-trosamine(DEN)/carbon tetrachloride(CCl4)/ethanol(C2H5OH)induced mouse liver cancer model and col-chicine(0.1 mg/kg)intervention were established in control group,model group and colchicine group.From week 1st to week 2nd,the model group and the colchicine group were intraperitoneally injected with 1.0％DEN once a week.From week 3rd to week 7th,20％CCl4 dissolved in olive oil solution(5 ml/kg)was intragastric ad-ministration twice a week.From week 8th to week 18th,20％CC14 dissolved in olive oil solution(6 ml/kg)was intragastric twice a week.The colchicine group was given continuous intragastric administration for 20 weeks.The control group was given the corresponding solvent.Liver index,alanine aminotransferase(ALT)and aspartate ami-notransferase(AST)serum biochemical indexes were detected.Western blot and immunofluorescence were used to detect the expression levels of MST1,pYAP,YAP,pTAZ and TAZ proteins in liver tissues of mice in each group.Results The liver surface of mice in the control group was smooth and soft,while the liver of mice in the model group was rough and hard with granular nodules.The above lesions were significantly improved in the colchicine group.HE staining showed that the liver lobular structure of mice in the control group was normal,while the liver lobular structure of mice in the model group was disordered,with a small amount of fat droplets,extensive tissue necrosis,inflammatory cell infiltration,and fat vacuoles.The degree of liver lesions of mice after colchicine inter-vention was significantly reduced.The results of immunofluorescence and Western blot showed that compared with the control group,the protein expression levels of pYAP and pTAZ in liver tissue of model group mice were signifi-cantly decreased,while the protein expression levels of MST1,YAP and TAZ increased.After colchicine interven-tion,the protein expression levels of MST1,pYAP and pTAZ were significantly up-regulated,while the protein ex-pression levels of YAP and TAZ were down-regulated.Conclusion The therapeutic effect of colchicine on mouse liver cancer may be related to its activated Hippo signaling pathway.
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Objective@#To investigate protective effects of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) on ethanol-induced DNA damage in L02 cells, so as to provide the evidence for adjuvant therapy of NMN on alcoholic liver diseases.@*Methods@#L02 cells were pretreated with different concentrations of NMN (0, 1, 2, 4 and 8 mmol/L) for 6 h, and then were exposed to 0.4% ethanol for 12 h. The treated cells were divided into the control group, 0.4% ethanol group and different concentrations of NMN groups. Cell viability was analyzed using trypan blue staining for determining the concentration of NMN as a protective agent. The effects of NMN on ethanol-induced DNA damage in L02 cells were evaluated using immunofluorescence detection and reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay. L02 cells were exposed to 0.4% ethanol for 12 h, cultured in a medium containing a protective concentration of NMN, and divided into PBS group and NMN group. Cell viability was detected at 0, 2, 4, 8, 16 and 32 h, and the effects of NMN on repairing ethanol-induced DNA damage were evaluated by alkaline comet assay.@*Results@#The cell viability was lower in 0.4% ethanol group than than in the control group, and was higher in different concentrations of NMN groups than in 0.4% ethanol group (all P<0.05), with no significant difference in the cells viability between 4 mmol/L and higher concentrations of NMN groups and the control group (all P>0.05). Therefore, 4 mmol/L NMN was selected as a protective agent. The cell tail moments, relative immunofluorescence intensities of γH2AX and relative levels of ROS were higher in 0.4% ethanol group than in the control group, and lower in 4 mmol/L and higher concentrations of NMN groups than in 0.4% ethanol group (all P<0.05). The cell viability was increased and the cell tail moment was shortened with the increase of 4 mmol/L NMN intervention time; and the cell viability in 4 h and more of NMN groups were higher, and the cell tail moment were lower than that in PBS group (all P<0.05).@*Conclusions@#NMN attenuates DNA damage in a dose-dependent manner and promotes the repair of DNA damage in a time-dependent manner. NMN has a protective effect on ethanol-induced DNA damage in hepatocytes.
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@#Atypical cartilaginous tumor (ACT) refers to a low-grade cartilaginous neoplasm microscopically identical to grade 1 chondrosarcoma, affecting the appendicular skeleton. Treatment with intralesional curettage has been found to provide sufficient local control with less morbidity compared to wide resection. This is the first reported case of a simultaneous medial patello-femoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction with extended curettage for ACT on the ipsilateral femur. A 45-year-old female presented with chronic recurrent patellar dislocation of the right knee. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a tear of the MPFL, with an incidental epi-metaphyseal chondroid lesion. After biopsy confirmed an ACT, single-stage extended curettage using freezing nitrogen ethanol composite (FNEC) and MPFL reconstruction was performed, followed by augmentation with bone cement and a distal femoral plate. Currently, the patient is independently ambulatory, with full range of motion about the knee. Following histologic confirmation of an ACT in the setting of a concurrent MCL tear, a single-stage procedure to address both conditions is a viable option that can reduce complications associated with multiple surgeries. Extended curettage using FNEC has been shown to produce good short-term oncologic outcomes while maximizing function.
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@#Objective To compare the in vitro activity of anti-human T lymphocyte porcine immunoglobulin(P-ATG)prepared by Cohn ethanol fractionation and ammonium sulphate precipitation,commercial rabbit anti-human thymocyte immunoglobulin(trade name:Thymoglobuline),and anti-human T lymphocyte rabbit immunoglobulin(trade name:Grafalon)so as to evaluate the properties of P-ATG prepared by two processes.Methods The four products were detected for the antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity(ADCC)by lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)method,measured for the complement dependent cytotoxicity(CDC)by CCK-8 assay,and detected for the affinity for binding with different T cell antigens(CD3,CD4,CD8)by double immunofluorescence staining method.Results Among the four products,only Thymoglobuline at the high concentration(1 mg/mL)had a weak ADCC effect on human peripheral blood mononuclear cell(PBMC).All products could induce the CDC effect in human PBMC in a dose-dependent manner,among which the effect of Thymoglobuline was higher than that of P-ATG or Grafalon preared by two processes,about 3 to 4 times,and the effect of Grafalon was comparable to that of P-ATG.In the proportion of four products binding with T cell surface antigens CD3 and CD4 was similar,However the proportion of Thymoglobuline and Grafalon binding with CD8 antigen was slightly lower than that of P-ATG.Conclusion The in vitro activity of the P-ATG prepared by Cohn ethanol fractionation and ammonium sulphate precipitation was in good agreement,and was not lower than that of imported products at the clinical dose.
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ObjectiveTo explore the effect of Ganoderma leucocontextum ethanol extract (GLE) on silicosis and its potential molecular mechanism using network pharmacology, molecular docking technology and animal experiments. Methods i) The components of GLE were analyzed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-Q Exactive-mass spectrometry (UPLC-QE-MS) method. The active components, potential molecular pathways and targets of GLE in the intervention of inflammation process of silicosis was explored using network pharmacology and molecular docking technology. ii) Specific pathogen free male C57BL6/J mice were divided into four groups with 10 mice in each group. The mice in the silicosis model group and GLE intervention group were given a dose of 80 μL silica suspension with a mass concentration of 50 g/L once by non-exposed tracheal instillation, and the mice in the blank control group and GLE control group were given an equal volume of sterile 0.9% sodium chloride solution. From the second day after modeling, GLE control group and GLE intervention group were given GLE at a dose of 200 mg/(kg•d) by gavage, while blank control group and silicosis model group were given the same volume of 0.9% sodium chloride solution by gavage, once per day for 35 days. After that, the histopathological changes of lung tissues of mice were observed, the lung mass coefficient, inflammation score and the ratio of collagen deposition area were calculated, and the levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) -α, interleukin (IL) -1β and IL-6 in the lung tissues of mice were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results i) A total of 76 active components of GLE were detected by UPLC-QE-MS. Among them, 36 ingredients met the screening criteria of the five principles of drug-like components. A total of 67 potential targets of the 36 GLE active ingredients to improve the inflammatory response of silicosis were screened based on the network pharmacology theory. The result of Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis and Gene Ontology functional analysis showed that IL signaling and cytokine signaling of immune cells played a key role in the process of anti-silicosis of GLE. The results of molecular docking showed that the top 10 targets based on the 67 intersection targets were TNF, IL6, B-cell lymphoma 2, cellular tumor antigen p53, Caspase-3 subunit p12, JUN, epidermal growth factor receptor, IL1B, 67 kDa matrix metalloproteinase-9 and prostaglandin G/H synthase 2. The result of protein-protein interaction analysis showed that glycyrrhetinic acid had the strongest affinity with the key targets TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6, followed by ganoderma acid DM, alismatol C, ganoderma acid β and red sapogenin. ii) The results of histopathological examination showed that the inflammatory response and collagen deposition were alleviated in the lungs of mice with silicosis. The lung mass coefficient, inflammation score, ratio of collagen deposition area and IL-6 expression in lung were lower in mice of the GLE intervention group (all P<0.05), compared with the silicosis model group. However, there was no significant difference in the levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in lung tissues between the two groups (all P>0.05). Conclusion GLE may reduce silica-induced lung inflammation and fibrosis by inhibiting the IL-6 level in lung tissues of mice. Its mechanism is associated with the synergistic action of multi-components, multi-targets and multi-pathways.
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Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of pretreatment with ethanolic solutions of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) at varying concentrations on the dentin collagen matrix, specifically focusing on its biomodification potential. This was assessed through evaluations of the modulus of elasticity and changes in mass. Methods: Seventy dentin collagen matrices (demineralized sticks) were prepared to receive treatments with ethanolic solutions of CAPE at concentrations of 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.5%, or 2.5%, or with control treatment solutions (distilled water or ethanol) for one hour. The dentin matrices were evaluated for modulus of elasticity and mass before (baseline), immediately after treatment (immediately), and after storage in Simulated Body Fluid (SBF) for time intervals of 1 and 3 months. Results: Generalized linear models for repeated measures over time indicated no significant differences between groups (p=0.7530) or between different time points (p=0.4780) in terms of the modulus of elasticity. Regarding mass variation, no differences were observed in the time interval between 1 month and the immediate time (p=0.0935). However, at the 3-month mark compared to the immediate time, the 0.1% CAPE group exhibited less mass loss compared to the water group (p=0.0134). Conclusion: This study concludes that various concentrations of CAPE in an ethanolic solution did not affect the modulus of elasticity of dentin, suggesting that CAPE lacks biomodifying potential in this context. However, it was observed that 0.1% CAPE positively influenced the variation in mass over different evaluation time intervals
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Acides caféiques , Collagène , Dentine , Éthanol , Modèles linéairesRésumé
ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the correlation between blood alcohol levels and the severity of injuries assessed by the Injury Severity Score (ISS) in patients who were victims of traffic accidents admitted to the Hospital das Clínicas of the Faculty of Medicine of the University of São Paulo (HCFMUSP). Methods: Cross-sectional study carried out between July 2018 and June 2019, at the Central Emergency Room of the Hospital das Clínicas of the Faculty of Medicine of the University of São Paulo (PSC-HCFMUSP). A total of 172 hospitalized patients victims of traffic accidents were included in this study. Blood samples were analyzed by the FMUSP Toxicology Laboratory. Results: 36 patients (20.9%) had positive BAC (≥ 0.2 g/L) with a mean of 1.21 g/L. Overall, patients had a mean age of 37.2 years old, and 136 (79.1%) were men. The ISS of the total casuistry was 15.6; regarding the external cause, the motorcycle was ranked first with 100 cases (58.1%), and drivers were the majority with 57.4% of the sample. Conclusion: There was no correlation between the severity of the injuries and the blood alcohol levels of traffic accident victims admitted to a reference hospital. Level of Evidence II, Cross-Sectional Study.
RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a correlação entre a alcoolemia e a gravidade das lesões avaliadas pelo Índice de Gravidade da Lesão ( Injury Severity Score* - ISS) em vítimas de acidentes de trânsito internadas no Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HC-FMUSP).* Método: Estudo transversal realizado entre julho de 2018 e junho de 2019, no Pronto Socorro Central do HC-FMUSP. Foram incluídas 172 vítimas de acidentes de trânsito. Amostras de sangue foram analisadas pelo Laboratório de Toxicologia da FMUSP. Resultados: 36 pacientes (20,9%) apresentaram alcoolemia positiva (≥ 0,2 g/L), com valor médio de 1,21 g/L. No geral, os pacientes tinham uma idade média de 37,2 anos, e 136 (79,1%) eram homens. O ISS da casuística total foi 15,6; quanto à causa externa, a motocicleta ficou em primeiro lugar com 100 casos (58,1%); e os condutores foram prevalentes entre as vítimas (57,4%). Conclusão: Não houve correlação entre a gravidade das lesões e a alcoolemia das vítimas de acidente de trânsito internadas em um hospital de referência. Nível de Evidência II, Estudo de Corte Transversal.
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Background Alcohol, a widely abused drug, significantly diminishes life quality, causing chronic diseases and psychiatric issues, with severe health, societal, and economic repercussions. Previously, we demonstrated that non-voluntary alcohol consumption increases the opening of Cx43 hemichannels and Panx1 channels in astrocytes from adolescent rats. However, whether ethanol directly affects astroglial hemichannels and, if so, how this impacts the function and survival of astrocytes remains to be elucidated. Results Clinically relevant concentrations of ethanol boost the opening of Cx43 hemichannels and Panx1 channels in mouse cortical astrocytes, resulting in the release of ATP and glutamate. The activation of these large-pore channels is dependent on Toll-like receptor 4, P2X7 receptors, IL-1β and TNF-α signaling, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, and inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase. Notably, the ethanol-induced opening of Cx43 hemichannels and Panx1 channels leads to alterations in cytokine secretion, NO production, gliotransmitter release, and astrocyte reactivity, ultimately impacting survival. Conclusion Our study reveals a new mechanism by which ethanol impairs astrocyte function, involving the sequential stimulation of inflammatory pathways that further increase the opening of Cx43 hemichannels and Panx1 channels. We hypothesize that targeting astroglial hemichannels could be a promising pharmacological approach to preserve astrocyte function and synaptic plasticity during the progression of various alcohol use disorders.
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Objective: To evaluate the effect of saliva contamination and different decontamination protocols on the microshear bond strength of a universal adhesive to dentin. Material and Methods: 84 bovine teeth were divided into three groups according to bonding stage at which salivary contamination occurred; before curing of the adhesive, after curing of the adhesive, and a control group with no salivary contamination. Each group was further subdivided into four subgroups according to the decontamination protocol used (n=7): no decontamination protocol, rinsing then reapplication of the adhesive, grinding with sandpaper silicon carbide grit 600 then reapplication of the adhesive and finally ethanol application then reapplication of the adhesive. Specimens were tested in micro-shear mode. Results: All the decontamination protocols used in this study to reverse effect of salivary contamination before curing significantly improved the bond strength to contaminated dentin (p<0.001). Meanwhile, after curing, ethanol decontamination protocol recorded highest bond strength followed by rinsing and grinding compared to no decontamination (p<0.001). Conclusion: Saliva contamination led to significant deterioration in the bond strength regardless of the bonding stage at which saliva contamination occurred. All decontamination protocols improved the immediate microshear bond strength when contamination occurred before curing of the adhesive, while ethanol seemed to be the most effective both before curing and after curing (AU)
Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito da contaminação por saliva e de diferentes protocolos de descontaminação na resistência de união ao microcisalhamento de um adesivo universal à dentina. Material e Métodos: 84 dentes bovinos foram divididos em três grupos de acordo com o passo operatório do protocolo adesivo em que ocorreu a contaminação por saliva: antes da polimerização do adesivo, ou após a polimerização do adesivo e um grupo controle sem contaminação por saliva. Cada grupo foi subdividido em quatro subgrupos de acordo com o protocolo de descontaminação utilizado (n=7): sem protocolo de descontaminação; lavagem seguida da reaplicação do adesivo; lixar a região com lixa de carbeto de silício de granulação 600 e reaplicar o adesivo; aplicar etanol e reaplicar o adesivo. Os espécimes foram testados no modo de micro-cisalhamento. Resultados: Todos os protocolos de descontaminação utilizados neste estudo em busca de reverter o efeito da contaminação do adesivo por saliva melhoraram significativamente a resistência de união à dentina contaminada (p<0,001). Enquanto isso, após a polimerização, o protocolo de descontaminação com etanol resultou na maior resistência de união, seguido pela lavagem, e depois pelo lixamento, em comparação com nenhum protocolo de descontaminação (p<0,001). Conclusão: A contaminação por saliva levou a uma deterioração significativa na resistência de união, independentemente do passo operatório do protocolo adesivo em que ocorreu a contaminação por saliva. Todos os protocolos de descontaminação melhoraram a resistência de união ao microcisalhamento imediato quando a contaminação ocorreu antes da polimerização do adesivo, enquanto o etanol pareceu ser o protocolo mais eficaz nos dois tipos de contaminação (antes e depois da polimerização).
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Salive , Décontamination , Agents de collage dentinaire , Résistance au cisaillement , ÉthanolRésumé
OBJECTIVE To optimize ethanol extraction process of Yihuang powder. METHODS An orthogonal experiment was designed by reflux extraction with ethanol volume fraction， liquid-to-material ratio， and extraction time as investigation factors. The parameters used were the contents of hesperidin， nobiletin， tangeretin， gallic acid， chebulagic acid， chebulinic acid， liquiritin， glycyrrhizin， eugenol， and the paste-forming rate. The analytic hierarchy process （AHP） was used to calculate the comprehensive score. The optimal ethanol extraction process parameters of Yihuang powder were determined by verifying the results predicted by orthogonal experiment and genetic algorithm （GA）-back propagation neural network （BP neural network）. RESULTS The optimal ethanol extraction process parameters， as optimized by orthogonal experiment， were as follows: ethanol volume fraction of 60%， liquid-solid ratio of 14∶1 （mL/g)， extraction time of 90 min， and extraction for 2 times. The comprehensive score obtained by verification was 79.19. Meanwhile， the optimal ethanol extraction process parameters， optimized by GA-BP neural network， were ethanol volume fraction of 65%， liquid-solid ratio of 14∶1 （mL/g )， extraction time of 60 min， and extraction for 2 times. The comprehensive score obtained by verification was 85.30， higher than the results obtained from orthogonal experiment. CONCLUSIONS The optimization method of orthogonal experiment combined with GA-BP neural network is superior to the traditional orthogonal experiment optimization method. The optimized ethanol extraction process of Yihuang powder is stable and reliable.
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@#Objective To compare the concentration and protein relative yield of insect fusion antifreeze protein EGFP-OcAFP4 extracted by low temperature ethanol method,ammonium sulfate salting-out method and isoelectric point method. Methods By screening different concentrations of ethanol(5%-65%)and ammonium sulfate(0. 2-3. 0 mol/L)and different the pH values(5. 6,5. 4,5. 2,5. 0,4. 8,4. 7,4. 6,4. 5,4. 4),EGFP-OcAFP4 was extracted from the supernatant of the induced expression solution of recombinant plasmid pET28a-EGFP-OcAFP4,and detected for the purity and protein relative yield.Results When prepared by ethanol method,EGFP-OCAFP4 had the highest purity of 86. 21% at the ethanol final concentration of 30%,and the relative yield was 6. 89%;when it was prepared by ammonium sulfate salting-out,the purity was up to 42. 33% with the protein relative yield of 30. 83% at the ammonium sulfate final concentration of 2. 0 mol/L;the purity of EGFP-OcAFP4 extracted by isoelectric point method with pH of 5. 0 was the highest 15. 46%,and the relative yield was 11. 97%. Conclusion Low temperature ethanol method,ammonium sulfate salting-out and isoelectric point method can all be used for the extraction of EGFP-OcAFP4,but low temperature ethanol method and ammonium sulfate salting-out method have higher extraction purity and protein relative yield,which are more suitable for the extraction of EGFP-OcAFP4
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Objective To discuss the clinical efficacy of absolute ethanol and foam hardening agent in the treatment of large venous malformations(VM)in child patients.Methods The clinical data of a total of 60 child patients with solitary large VM were retrospectively analyzed.The child patients were divided into group A(n=30)and group B(n=30).Patients in group A received absolute ethanol injection followed by foam hardening agent injection,while patients in group B received foam hardening agent injection followed by absolute ethanol injection.The clinical efficacy,complications,mean number of injections and mean dosage of absolute ethanol were compared between the two groups.Results The total effective rate in both group A and group B was 100%.The markedly effective rate in group A and group B was 63.33%(19/30)and 90%(27/30)respectively,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).In group A and group B,the mean dosage of absolute ethanol was(10.30±3.19)mL and(6.73±2.06)mL respectively,the mean number of injection was(3.57±1.01)times and(2.63±0.61)times respectively,and the differences in the above two indexes were statistically significant(both P＜0.05).No serious complications occurred in either group.The incidence of blisters in group A and group B was 30%(9/30)and 6.67%(2/30)respectively,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).Conclusion For large VM in child patients,combination use of absolute ethanol and foam hardening agent can improve the curative efficacy,reduce the dosage of absolute ethanol,and lower the incidence of complications.In addition,the therapeutic mode of foam hardening agent injection followed by absolute ethanol injection can achieve better efficacy.(J Intervent Radiol,2024,32:28-32)
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Objective To understand the application of skin disinfectant in neonatal intensive care units(NICUs)nationwide.Methods From April to May 2023,application of skin disinfectant in 93 NICUs nationwide was sur-veyed with convenience sampling method by a self-designed questionnaire.Questionnaire contents included types of disinfectant,disinfection tools,cleaning and disinfection frequency,disinfectant drying status,removal of disinfec-tant,and adverse reactions caused by disinfectant.Results A total of 93 nursing units in 71 medical institutions from 25 provinces/municipalities were included in this study.In NICUs,three most commonly used disinfectants were ethanol(79.57％),iodophor(74.19％),and anerdian(62.37％).In nursing units for neonates＜2 months of age,chlorhexidine was prohibited in 28 units(30.11％),used with caution in 23 units(24.73％),allowed in 9 units(9.68％),and there was no unified requirement in 33 units(35.48％).When using ethanol,staff only wiped once in 13(17.57％)nursing units.In some nursing units,there was no unified requirements on the wiping fre-quency of disinfectant.As for the removal of residual iodine,saline was used in 29(42.03％)nursing units,ethanol in 8(11.59％),and 19(27.54％)did not have unified requirements.The adverse reactions of disinfectant mainly included rash and contact dermatitis.Disinfectants that caused adverse reactions included ethanol,iodophor,aner-dian,and chlorhexidine.Conclusion In clinical practice,unified standards for the use of neonatal skin disinfectant remain absent.Selection and use of neonatal skin disinfectant vary considerably.Neonatal skin disinfectants have common adverse reactions.It is necessary to strengthen the training of health care workers on the standardized use of disinfectant,as well as carry out large-scale and rigorous randomized controlled trial designs to provide scientific basis for the correct selection of disinfectant.
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Ablation of ventricular arrhythmia originating from the epicardial and intramural sites tends to be challenging in clinical practice.As the reflux system of cardiac blood flow,tributaries of the coronary venous system widely covers the surface and the myocardium tissue of the heart,which could serve as alternative access route for auxiliary mapping and ablation.This review updated the research progress on the novel ablation methods via the coronary venous system.
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Objective To observe the value of ultrasound-guided percutaneous ethanol injection(PEI)combined with microwave ablation(MWA)for treating thyroid benign partially cystic masses.Methods A total of 100 patients with single benign partially cystic mass who would undergo ultrasound-guided ablation treatment were prospectively enrolled.The patients were randomly assigned into PEI group(received PEI combined with MWA sequential ablation)or control group(received simple MWA),each n=50.Data before and after treatments were compared within groups,the therapeutic efficacy were compared between groups after treatments,and the value of sequential ablation was analyzed.Results Ultrasound-guided ablation was successfully performed for all 100 masses.During follow-up,5 cases in PEI group and 3 cases in control group were lost.The operation time of MWA,total MWA energy and patients'pain level during treatments in PEI group were all lower than those in control group(all P＜0.05).Significant difference of thyroid mass volumes were found before and 3,6 and 12 months after treatments in both groups(all P＜0.05).The volume reduction rate(VRR)in PEI group before and 1,3,6 and 12 months after treatments were all higher than that in control group(all P＜0.05).The success rate was 95.56％(43/45)in PEI group and 89.36％(42/47)in control group 12 months after treatments,respectively,without significant difference(P=0.451).There were significant differences of neck aesthetics scores and symptom scores before and 3,6 and 12 months after treatments in both groups(all P＜0.05).The incidence of complications in PEI group was 6.67％(3/45),while in control group was 14.89％(7/47),the former was lower than the latter(P＜0.05).Conclusion Ultrasound-guided PEI combined with MWA sequential ablation had better effect for treating thyroid benign partially cystic masses than single MWA.
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Abstract This study aimed to determine the antiulcerogenic and antioxidant activities of Psyllium (Plantago ovata Forssk) seed ethanolic extract in rats. We assessed the antioxidant potential using free radical scavenging on DPPH, -carotene bleaching activity, ferric reducing power, and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity. In the antiulcerogenic study, pre-treatment with Plantago ovata seeds ethanolic extract (POE) (400 mg/kg b.wt) significantly protected against ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in rats by decreasing the ulcer index value and preserving the integrity of the gastric mucosa. The oxidative stress status in the stomach tissues showed a significant increase in the antioxidant enzyme levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase with a significant decrease in lipid peroxidation during pre-treatment with POE. In conclusion, the POE protects against gastric ulcer due to its antioxidant potential and presence of bioactive molecules.
Resumo O presente estudo teve como objetivo determinar as atividades antiulcerogênica e antioxidante das sementes de Psyllium (Plantago ovata Forssk) em ratos. O potencial antioxidante foi avaliado utilizando o método do sequestro do radical livre DPPH, autooxidação do -caroteno, poder redutor de ferro e atividade de sequestro do radical hidroxila. No estudo antiulcerogênico, o pré-tratamento com o extrato etanólico das sementes de Plantago ovata (POE) (400 mg/Kg b.wt) reduziu a úlcera gástrica induzida pelo etanol em ratos, diminuindo o valor do índice de úlcera e preservando a integridade da mucosa gástrica. O estudo do estresse oxidativo nos tecidos estomacais mostrou um aumento significativo dos níveis das enzimas antioxidantes superóxido dismutase, catalase e glutationa peroxidase, com uma diminuição significativa da peroxidação lipídica enquanto pré-tratamento com POE. Em conclusão, o POE protege contra úlcera gástrica devido aos seus potenciais antioxidantes e à presença de moléculas bioativas.
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This study aimed to determine the antiulcerogenic and antioxidant activities of Psyllium (Plantago ovata Forssk) seed ethanolic extract in rats. We assessed the antioxidant potential using free radical scavenging on DPPH, ß-carotene bleaching activity, ferric reducing power, and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity. In the antiulcerogenic study, pre-treatment with Plantago ovata seeds ethanolic extract (POE) (400 mg/kg b.wt) significantly protected against ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in rats by decreasing the ulcer index value and preserving the integrity of the gastric mucosa. The oxidative stress status in the stomach tissues showed a significant increase in the antioxidant enzyme levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase with a significant decrease in lipid peroxidation during pre-treatment with POE. In conclusion, the POE protects against gastric ulcer due to its antioxidant potential and presence of bioactive molecules.
O presente estudo teve como objetivo determinar as atividades antiulcerogênica e antioxidante das sementes de Psyllium (Plantago ovata Forssk) em ratos. O potencial antioxidante foi avaliado utilizando o método do sequestro do radical livre DPPH, autooxidação do ß-caroteno, poder redutor de ferro e atividade de sequestro do radical hidroxila. No estudo antiulcerogênico, o pré-tratamento com o extrato etanólico das sementes de Plantago ovata (POE) (400 mg/Kg b.wt) reduziu a úlcera gástrica induzida pelo etanol em ratos, diminuindo o valor do índice de úlcera e preservando a integridade da mucosa gástrica. O estudo do estresse oxidativo nos tecidos estomacais mostrou um aumento significativo dos níveis das enzimas antioxidantes superóxido dismutase, catalase e glutationa peroxidase, com uma diminuição significativa da peroxidação lipídica enquanto pré-tratamento com POE. Em conclusão, o POE protege contra úlcera gástrica devido aos seus potenciais antioxidantes e à presença de moléculas bioativas.
Sujets)
Rats , Plantago , Ulcère gastrique , Muqueuse gastrique , Phytothérapie , AntioxydantsRésumé
Introducción: Es importante considerar los daños que el consumo de sustancias psicoactivas produce al cerebro, para entender el pronóstico y la evolución del paciente, ya que puede causar deterioro cognitivo y llegar a la demencia. Objetivo: Determinar los factores pronósticos del deterioro cognitivo en pacientes adictos a sustancias psicoactivas. Método: Se desarrolló un estudio observacional, analítico y transversal. Se trabajó con los pacientes atendidos por consumos de sustancias, en un servicio de psicología, del año 2016 al 2019. Las variables estudiadas fueron: función ejecutiva, edad, ideación suicida, sexo, características clínicas del consumo, sustancia consumida, coeficiente intelectual, deterioro cognitivo, ansiedad, depresión y tiempo de consumo. Se utilizaron técnicas tanto de la estadística descriptiva, como de la estadística inferencial. Resultados: Se estudiaron 257 pacientes, con consumo fundamentalmente de alcohol y marihuana, edad promedio de 34 años, predominó el sexo masculino (89 %) y una media de 17 años de consumo. El 47 % de los pacientes presentó deterioro cognitivo leve y 9,34 % deterioro cognitivo moderado. El deterioro cognitivo se asoció con tener tolerancia invertida (odd ratio - OR= 6,4), disfunción ejecutiva (OR= 4,2), depresión (OR= 4,1), ansiedad (OR= 2,4), consumir otras sustancias diferentes al alcohol (OR= 2,6), tener necesidad subjetiva de consumo (OR= 2,5), alterada capacidad de abstención (OR= 2,3) e ideación suicida (OR= 2,0). Conclusiones: Los factores pronósticos del deterioro cognitivo en los pacientes adictos son: tolerancia invertida, alteraciones ejecutivas, depresión, ansiedad, consumir otras drogas diferentes al alcohol, tener alterada la capacidad de abstención y presentar ideas suicidas.
Introduction: It is important to consider the damage that the consumption of psychoactive substances produces to the brain, in order to understand the prognosis and evolution of the patient, since it can cause cognitive impairment and reach dementia. Objective: To determine the prognostic factors of cognitive impairment in patients addicted to psychoactive substances. Methods: An observational, analytical and cross-sectional study was developed. We worked with patients treated for substance use, in a psychology service, from 2016 to 2019. The variables studied were: executive function, age, suicidal ideation, sex, clinical characteristics of consumption, substance consumed, intelligence quotient, cognitive impairment, anxiety, depression and time of consumption. Both descriptive and inferential statistical techniques were used. Results: 257 patients were studied, with consumption mainly of alcohol and marijuana, average age of 34 years, predominantly male (89%) and an average of 17 years of consumption. 47% of the patients had mild cognitive impairment and 9.34% had moderate cognitive impairment. Cognitive impairment was associated with having inverted tolerance (odd ratio OR= 6.4), executive dysfunction (OR= 4.2), depression (OR= 4.1), anxiety (OR= 2.4), consuming substances other than alcohol (OR= 2.6), having subjective need for consumption (OR= 2.5), altered abstinence capacity (OR= 2.3) and suicidal ideation (OR= 2.0). Conclusions: The prognostic factors of cognitive impairment in addicted patients are: inverted tolerance, executive alterations, depression, anxiety, consuming drugs other than alcohol, having altered abstinence capacity and presenting suicidal ideation.