Epidemiological characteristics and outbreak analysis of varicella in Huai’an City in 2013-2022 / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of varicella in Huai'an City, Jiangsu Province from 2013-2022, and to provide a scientific basis for formulating effective prevention and control strategies for varicella in Huai'an City. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the data of 2013-2022 varicella cases in Huai'an City from China Disease Prevention and Control Information System and the varicella epidemic data from the public health emergency reporting management information system. Results A total of 32 325 varicella cases were reported during 2013-2022. The overall incidence rate showed an upward trend, with an obvious seasonal high incidence in winter and spring. The incidence rate in the central urban areas of all districts and counties was relatively higher. The ratio of male to female in reported cases was 1.16:1. The most cases were people aged 5-9 years old, accounting for 39.43% of the total number of cases. In terms of occupational distribution, students predominated, accounting for 54.77% of the total number of cases. From 2013 to 2022, a total of 70 public health outbreaks of varicella were reported in Huai'an, with the majority (45) occurring in primary schools, accounting for 64.29% of the total. Conclusion After the introduction of varicella into the national planned immunization program in 2023, it is recommended to increase the publicity of vaccination, carry out universal vaccination of varicella vaccine for high-risk groups such as students, and particularly increase the second dose coverage of varicella vaccine.

Is near-infrared spectroscopy a promising predictor for early intracranial hemorrhage diagnosis in the Emergency Department?

Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) is a serious medical condition that can lead to significant morbidity and mortality if not diagnosed and treated promptly. Early detection and treatment are essential for improving the outcome in patients with ICH. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a non-invasive imaging technique that has been used to detect changes in brain tissue oxygenation and blood flow in various conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate the predictive potential of NIRS for early diagnosis of ICH in patients presenting to the Emergency Department (ED) triage with headache. A total of 378 patients were included in the study. According to the final diagnosis of the patients, 4 groups were formed: migraine, tension-cluster headache, intracranial hemorrhage and intracranial mass, and control group. Cerebral NIRS values "rSO2" were measured at the first professional medical contact with the patient. The right and left rSO2 (RrSO2, LrSO2) were significantly lower and the rSO2 difference was significantly higher in the intracranial hemorrhage group compared to all other patient groups (P<0.001). The cut-off values determined in the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis were RrSO2 ≤67, LrSO2 ≤67, and ΔrSO2 ≥9. This study found that a difference of more than 9 in cerebral right-left NIRS values can be a non-invasive, easy-to-administer, rapid, and reliable diagnostic test for early detection of intracranial bleeding. NIRS holds promise as an objective method in ED triage for patients with intracranial hemorrhage. However, further research is needed to fully understand the potential benefits and limitations of this method.

Research on particular standards related to maternal fetal monitor / 中国医学装备

The safe and reliable maternal fetal monitor can provide comprehensive physiological monitoring for pregnant women and fetuses,and effectively reduce maternal and infant mortality.In the current stage,in addition to the general requirements of medical electrical equipment applicable to maternal fetal monitor in China,there is no particular standard for maternal fetal monitor.The common practice in the industry is to refer to and learn from the particular standards of multi-parameter monitor and ultrasonic Doppler fetal monitor.Based on this,the particular standards applicable to the maternal fetal monitor were researched,and the idea of formulating particular standards for the basic safety and essential performance requirements of the maternal fetal monitor were proposed to ensure the safety and effectiveness of the monitor.

Influence of different depths of anesthesia under the guidance of anesthesia depth detector on awakening quality of elderly patients with colon cancer after laparoscopic surgery / 中国医学装备

Objective:To explore the influence of different depths of anesthesia under guidance of anesthesia depth detector on the awakening quality of elderly patients with colon cancer after laparoscopic surgery.Methods:A total of 96 elderly patients with colon cancer who underwent surgical resection and admitted to Beijing Changping District Hospital from February 2017 to June 2020 were selected.They were randomly divided into mild anesthesia group,moderate anesthesia group and deep anesthesia group according to the random sampling,with 32 in each group.The bispectral index(BIS)of deep anesthesia group was within 30-39 interval,and the BIS of moderate anesthesia group was within 40-49 interval,and the BIS of mild anesthesia group was within 50-60 interval.The Prince-Henry pain scale scores of patients with different depths of anesthesia under anesthesia depth detector were observed.The stress response-related indicators included adrenocorticotropic hormone(ACTH),cortisol(Cor)and interleukin-6(IL-6)of patients at three different time points:pre operation(S1),intra operation(S2)and post operation(S3)were monitored.Additionally,the differences of the incidences of complications and the cognitive function also were analyzed.Results:The postoperative Prince-Henry pain scores of the three groups of patients with colon cancer showed there were no statistically significant differences among anesthesia groups with different depths(P>0.05).The stress response indicators included ACTH,Cor and IL-6 appeared significant time-dependent changes among anesthesia groups with different depths.The stress response indicators of all groups significantly increased at S2 point,and the ACTH,Cor and IL-6 levels of mild anesthesia group were respectively(13.73±1.63)nmol/L,(269.24±31.46)nmol/L and(83.67±3.44)μg/L,and these of moderate anesthesia group were respectively(18.26±2.52)nmol/L,(242.56±36.75)nmol/L and(109.35±6.44)μg/L,and these of deep anesthesia group were respectively(19.42±2.42)nmol/L,(432.35±31.34)nmol/L and(132.42±2.31)μg/L.There were significant differences in these indicators in same group between S2 point and S1 point(tmild group=7.99,12.48,16.48,tmoderate group=2.19,6.82,3.03,tdeep group=14.21,5.11,20.14,P＜0.05),respectively.The differences of the incidence rates of complication between the mild anesthesia group and the moderate anesthesia group,and between the mild anesthesia and the deep anesthesia group were statistically significant(x2=6.342,5.238,P<0.05),respectively.The MMSE scores 24 hours after surgery indicated that the difference of that between mild anesthesia group and deep anesthesia group,and between moderate anesthesia group and deep anesthesia group were significant(t=4.74,3.77,P<0.05),respectively.Conclusion:The depth of anesthesia has a significant influence on postoperative recovery quality,stress response and cognitive function.Using anesthesia depth detector to adjust the different depth of anesthesia can help to improve the awakening quality of elderly patients with colon cancer post-surgery and reduce the incidence of adverse reactions.

Explorations of the application of polysomnographic sleep monitor in patients with schizophrenia and the monitoring effect of that on sleep quality and sleep structure of them / 中国医学装备

Objective:To explore and analyze the application of polysomnographic sleep monitor in patients with schizophrenia and the monitoring effect of that on sleep quality and sleep structure of them.Methods:A total of 90 patients with schizophrenia admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from March 2021 to May 2023 were selected as the observation group,and 80 healthy volunteers were selected as the health control group.All subjects were monitored by polysomnographic sleep monitor.Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI)score,sleep quality index of polysomnographic sleep monitor,the indicators of sleep structure and spindle wave index between two groups were compared.At the same time,Pearson correlation analysis was used to explore the correlation between PSQI score and sleep parameters.Results:PSQI score of the health control group was(5.36±0.65)scores,and that of the observation group was(14.24±3.58)scores,and the PSQI score of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the health control group,and the difference was statistically significant(t=23.115,P<0.05).Compared with the health control group,the observation group had shorter total sleep time,longer sleep latency,shorter rapid eye movement(REM)period and more awakening times,with statistical significances(t=15.136,40.355,36.620,24.226,P<0.05),respectively.There was no significant difference in REM latency between the observation group and the control group before treatment(P>0.05).Compared with the observation group before treatment,the observation group after treatment had longer total sleep time,shorter sleep latency,longer REM period and less awakening times,with statistical significances(t=3.145,12.021,8.668,9.101,P<0.05),respectively.Compared with health control group after treatment,the observation group after treatment had shorter total sleep time,longer sleep latency,shorter REM period and more awakening times,and the differences of them between two groups were statistically significant(t=9.704,14.781,15.899,9.901,P<0.05).Compared with the observation group before treatment,the N1%value was higher,the N2%value was higher and the N3%value was lower in the health control group before treatment,and the differences were statistically significant(t=10.163,9.483,10.065,P<0.05),respectively.There were no significant differences in REM%between the health control group and the observation group before and after treatment(P>0.05),respectively.Compared with the observation group before treatment,that after treatment had lower N1%value and N2%value,and higher N3%value(t=10.163,9.483,10.065,P<0.05),respectively.Compared with the health control group after treatment,the observation group after treatment had higher N1%value and N2%value,and lower N3%value,and the differences of them between two groups were statistically significant(t=7.628,4.210,7.153,P<0.05),respectively.Compared with the observation group before treatment,that after treatment had higher spindle wave density,amplitude and time.Compared with the health control group after treatment,the observation group after treatment had lower spindle wave density,amplitude and time,and the differences of them between two groups were significant(t=2.514,2.665,2.014,P<0.05),respectively.Pearson correlation analysis showed that PSQI score appeared significantly negative correlation with total sleep time,REM period,N3%value,spindle wave density and spindle amplitude,and appeared significantly positive correlation with sleep latency,awakening times,N1%value and N2%value,respectively,and the differences were statistically significant(r=-0.612,-0.269,-0.812,-0.778,-0.841,r=0.382,0.226,0.654,0.778,P<0.05).Conclusion:Abnormal sleep quality and structure,as well as abnormal sleep spindle wave activity,of patients with schizophrenia can be observed by using polysomnographic sleep monitor,which indicators is closely related to PSQI.

Development of a new type of detection window protective device for surface contamination monitor / 中国医学装备

Objective:To develop a new type of detection window protective device for surface contamination monitor,and to verify its testing effect.Methods:The new type of surface contamination monitor detection window protection device was composed of the protective film and fixed frame,which was of integrated design and one-off production.The protective film was made of transparent flat Myra film,thickness≤2.5μm,the fixed frame was a rectangular hollow structure surrounded by four edges and provided with a working surface and a mounting surface.The protective film was pasted on the inner wall of the working surface of the fixed frame by adhesive,and the protective film and fixed frame were installed on the outside of the detection window of the surface contamination monitor by means of fixing buckles.Two commonly used surface contamination detection instruments,RDa150 and Como170,were selected to measure artificial radiation sources under three protection states:no film protection,plastic wrap protection and new protection device to test the detection efficiency and operability of the new surface contamination monitor's detection window protection device.Results:Compared with the traditional protective measures of plastic wrap,the detection efficiency of α,β and γ rays was more effectively ensured by the new detection window protective device for surface contamination monitor,and the detection efficiency of α rays was increased from about 40%to about 70%.Conclusion:The new detection window protection device for surface contamination monitor can significantly improve the detection efficiency of radioactive contamination,especially alpha-ray pollution,and effectively protect the instrument and equipment,and effectively improve the detection efficiency of surface contamination detection operators.

Correlation between monitor units and pass rate of plan dose verification in VMAT plan for different cancers / 中华放射肿瘤学杂志

Objective:To analyze the correlation between the monitor units and pass rate of plan dose verification in the volumetric intensity modulated arc therapy (VMAT) plan.Methods:VMAT plans for 20 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and 30 patients with cervical cancer who underwent radiotherapy at Liuzhou Workers' Hospital from January to October 2020 were retrospectively chosen. The Detector 1500 array and Octavius 4D phantom from German PTW company were used for dose measurement. The pass rates of dose verification of relevant plans were analyzed under the conditions of 3%/2 mm and 2%/2 mm. The correlation between the monitor units and pass rate of plan dose verification in VMAT plans was assessed by Pearson's bivariate correlation analysis.Results:Under the condition of 3%/2 mm, the correlation coefficients between the monitor units and gamma pass rate were -0.873 ( P<0.001), -0.800 ( P<0.001), -0.781 ( P<0.001), -0.493 ( P=0.006) for NPC_1Arc, NPC_2Arc, NPC_1Arc+NPC_2Arc and Cervix_2Arc, respectively. Under the condition of 2%/2 mm, the correlation coefficients between the monitor units and gamma pass rate were -0.842 ( P<0.001), -0.770 ( P<0.001), -0.748 ( P<0.001) and -0.531 ( P=0.003) for NPC_1Arc, NPC_2Arc, NPC_1Arc+NPC_2Arc and Cervix_2Arc, respectively. Conclusion:Significant negative correlation can be observed between the monitor units and plan dose verification pass rate in VMAT plan.

Introduction of the national technical plan for monitoring occupational health literacy of key population groups in 2022 / 中国职业医学

Occupational health literacy refers to the awareness and ability of workers to obtain basic knowledge of occupational health, practice healthy working styles and lifestyles, prevent the risk of occupational and work-related diseases, and maintain and promote their own health. In 2022, for the first time, China carried out nationwide monitoring for occupational health literacy of key populations. The National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention was responsible for technical support, formulating the National Technical Plan for Occupational Health Literacy Monitoring and Intervention of Key Populations, and formulating relevant requirements and specifications for monitoring purposes, monitoring scope and objects, sampling methods, monitoring content and methods, organization and implementation of field investigation, and quality control. In addition, the National Occupational Health Literacy Monitoring Questionnaire for Key Groups was provided, and the monitoring and intervention of occupational health literacy for key groups in the second- and third-key industries has been organized nationwide, so as to understand the occupational health literacy of the occupational population in China and provide important support for promotion of high-quality construction of healthy China.

Analysis of the types and causes of invalid results in nucleic acid test for blood screening / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To analyze the reasons for the invalidity of blood nucleic acid test results, and to explore the countermeasures to reduce the invalidity of the test. 【Methods】 From 2019 to 2021, the number of tests performed in our laboratory for Cobas s201 blood nucleic acid screening system and the number of batches and tests with invalid results were counted, and the types and reasons of invalid results were analyzed. 【Results】 From 2019 to 2021, the Cobas s201 nucleic acid detection system detected a total of 5, 420 batches and 127, 950 pools, and the invalid rate of batches and pools were 1.83% and 1.97%, respectively. The types of invalid results can be summarized as improper operation, sample quality problems, invalid quality control (IQC), equipment failure and others. Among them, IQC and equipment failure were the main reasons for invalid results, accounting for 44.51% and 39.96%, respectively. IQC was mainly related to cross-contamination of samples and insufficient mixing of quality control products. Equipment failures mostly occurred in the robotic arm gripper of the nucleic acid extraction instrument and the TC module of the amplification instrument. 【Conclusion】 The laboratory should conduct quality monitoring for invalid results, and take targeted improvement measures, especially to reduce invalid results caused by invalid quality control and instrument failure.

Accuracy of Mean Value of Central Venous Pressure from Monitor Digital Display: Influence of Amplitude of Central Venous Pressure during Respiration / 中国医学科学杂志(英文版)

Background A simple measurement of central venous pressure (CVP)-mean by the digital monitor display has become increasingly popular. However, the agreement between CVP-mean and CVP-end (a standard method of CVP measurement by analyzing the waveform at end-expiration) is not well determined. This study was designed to identify the relationship between CVP-mean and CVP-end in critically ill patients and to introduce a new parameter of CVP amplitude (ΔCVP= CVPmax - CVPmin) during the respiratory period to identify the agreement/disagreement between CVP-mean and CVP-end.Methods In total, 291 patients were included in the study. CVP-mean and CVP-end were obtained simultaneously from each patient. CVP measurement difference (|CVP-mean - CVP-end|) was defined as the difference between CVP-mean and CVP-end. The ΔCVP was calculated as the difference between the peak (CVPmax) and the nadir value (CVPmin) during the respiratory cycle, which was automatically recorded on the monitor screen. Subjects with |CVP-mean - CVP-end|≥ 2 mmHg were divided into the inconsistent group, while subjects with |CVP-mean - CVP-end| < 2 mmHg were divided into the consistent group.Results ΔCVP was significantly higher in the inconsistent group [7.17(2.77) vs.5.24(2.18), P<0.001] than that in the consistent group. There was a significantly positive relationship between ΔCVP and |CVP-mean - CVP-end| (r=0.283, P <0.0001). Bland-Altman plot showed the bias was -0.61 mmHg with a wide 95% limit of agreement (-3.34, 2.10) of CVP-end and CVP-mean. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC) of ΔCVP for predicting |CVP-mean - CVP-end| ≥ 2 mmHg was 0.709. With a high diagnostic specificity, using ΔCVP<3 to detect |CVP-mean - CVP-end| lower than 2mmHg (consistent measurement) resulted in a sensitivity of 22.37% and a specificity of 93.06%. Using ΔCVP>8 to detect |CVP-mean - CVP-end| >8 mmHg (inconsistent measurement) resulted in a sensitivity of 31.94% and a specificity of 91.32%.Conclusions CVP-end and CVP-mean have statistical discrepancies in specific clinical scenarios. ΔCVP during the respiratory period is related to the variation of the two CVP methods. A high ΔCVP indicates a poor agreement between these two methods, whereas a low ΔCVP indicates a good agreement between these two methods.

Summary report of a national survey of Kashin-Beck disease prevalence in 2020 / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective:To investigate the dynamic prevalence of Kashin-Beck disease (KBD) in 2020, and to provide the basis for assessment of KBD control and elimination.Methods:According to the "Kashin-Beck Disease Monitoring Plan (2019 Edition)", collection of basic information of endemic areas and children KBD examination were executed in all endemic areas from every endemic county (city, district, banner) of 13 endemic provinces. All children aged 7 - 12 years in endemic areas underwent clinical examination, X-ray examination was performed for clinically positive children. According to the criteria of "Diagnosis of Kashin-Beck Disease" (WS/T 207-2010), KBD cases were diagnosed by both clinical examination and X-ray check.Results:In monitoring of 827 986 children of 7 - 12 years old, a total of 703 children with similar clinical signs of KBD were suspected positive cases. X-ray results showed that 703 children were normal, with no X-ray positive change, they were not children KBD cases.Conclusions:In 2020, no cases of Kashin-Beck disease are detected in children nationwide, and the condition of Kashin-Beck disease in children nationwide continues to be at a level of elimination.

Evaluation of number of configured monitors based on BP neural network / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To evaluate the rationality of the number of configured monitors based on error back propagation(BP)neural network.Methods A BP neural network model was established with the number of the equipment in use as the output result and the average number of inpatients,the average number of operations,the average days of hospitalization,the number of scrapped equipment,the average age of equipment and times of equipment maintenance as the input indicators.The data of 9 internal medicine departments in the whole year of 2020-2021 and the first 2 quarters of 2022 were collected on a quarterly basis as the training set,and the data of the third quarter of 2022 was used as the test set to verify the learning results.The performance of the model was analyzed using the root mean square error,mean absolute error and coefficient of determination.Results The model established behaved well in prediction with the root mean square error between the predicted and expected values of the model being 1.135 7,the mean absolute error being 0.893 72 and the coefficient of determination being 0.958 71.Conclusion The BP neural network-based evaluation is feasible for the number of configured monitors,and guidance is provided for the optimized configuration of the equipment.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2023,44(9):14-18]

Study on clinical application evaluation of patient monitor based on real world data / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To establish a comprehensive evaluation system for the patient monitor clinical application based on real world data(RWD)to provide references for levels of medical institutions to purchase patient monitors.Methods RWD method was used to collect clinical application data of the monitors from 14 medical institutions in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,and a Chinese brand X(including X1 series for mid-end products and X2 series for high-end products)and a foreign brand Y(including Y1 series for mid-end products and Y2 series for high-end products)with the highest market share were selected to construct a monitor clinical application evaluation system involving in five indicators such as clinical efficacy,applicability,reliability,instrument function and service system.Data processing was carried out with Mantel-Haenszel analysis,propensity score analysis and pairwise comparison method to calculate the clinical application evaluation scores of X and Y brands of monitors.Results In the mid-end products,X series gained advantages over Y series in clinical efficacy,reliability and applicability(P＜0.05),while the differences between the service systems were not statistically signifi-cantly(P＞0.05);in the high-end products,there were no significant differences between the clinical efficacy,applicability,reliability and service systems(P＞0.05).Brand X and Y monitors were equipped with similar basic and advanced functions.Conchision The evaluation system established based on real-world data can be able to effectively evaluate the clinical appli-cation of the monitor,which provides references for clinical application evaluation of medical devices in China.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2023,44(11):71-78]

Key points analysis for GB 9706.255-2022 revision / 医疗卫生装备

The background and scope of the revision of GB 9706.255-2022"Medical Electrical Equipment-Part 2-55:Particular requirements for the basic safety and essential performance of respiratory gas monitors"were introduced.The differences between GB 9706.255-2022 and YY 0601-2009"Medical electrical equipment particular requirements for basic safety and essential performance of respiratory gas monitors"were summarized.The key points of the revision of GB 9706.255-2022 were interpreted in terms of basic performance,marking signs and documents,protection level,calibration/nulling,rough handling,functional connectivity and usability.References were provided for manufacturers and inspection technicians to correctly understand GB 9706.255-2022.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2023,44(11):79-82]

Setup accuracy of two reference surfaces in nasopharyngeal carcinoma surface-guided radiotherapy / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To compare the setup accuracies of the surface-guided radiation therapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma based on volume rendering technique(VRT)reference surface and digital imaging and communications in medicine(DICOM)reference surface.Methods Twenty patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma who received radiotherapy using the customized AccuCushion with a thermoplastic fixation mask were selected.After the first cone beam CT(CBCT)-based image-guided radiotherapy of each patient was completed,the thermoplastic mask was removed to obtain the VRT reference surface based on optical surface monitoring system(OSMS),during which the patient position was maintained through instructions;the DICOM reference surface was got based on the body surface contour data extracted from the patient's localized CT images.After the completion of the 5th,10th,and 15th CBCT image-guided radiotherapy treatments,the patients'6 dimensions of setup errors were measured based on the 2 reference surfaces,respectively.Dimensional correlation analyses were carried out on the setup errors measured based on the 2 reference surfaces separately using Python's Stats tool to test the independence between the setup errors in each dimension.After independence test,Wilcoxon rank sum test was performed on the data of the setup errors based on each dimension measured with the 2 reference surfaces.Results The two sets of setup errors were independent of each other in all dimensions.The errors based on VRT reference surface were lower than those based on DICOM reference surface in 6 dimensions,while the difference between the 6-D errors of the two groups did not gradually become significant as the treatment progressed.Conclusion In the SGRT of nasopharyngeal carcinoma using a customized cushion combined with a thermoplastic mask,the setup accuracy and consistency based on VRT reference surface are both higher than those based on DICOM reference surface.

Anesthesia Depth Monitoring Based on Anesthesia Monitor with the Help of Artificial Intelligence / 中国医疗器械杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To use the low-cost anesthesia monitor for realizing anesthesia depth monitoring, effectively assist anesthesiologists in diagnosis and reduce the cost of anesthesia operation.@*METHODS@#Propose a monitoring method of anesthesia depth based on artificial intelligence. The monitoring method is designed based on convolutional neural network (CNN) and long and short-term memory (LSTM) network. The input data of the model include electrocardiogram (ECG) and pulse wave photoplethysmography (PPG) recorded in the anesthesia monitor, as well as heart rate variability (HRV) calculated from ECG, The output of the model is in three states of anesthesia induction, anesthesia maintenance and anesthesia awakening.@*RESULTS@#The accuracy of anesthesia depth monitoring model under transfer learning is 94.1%, which is better than all comparison methods.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The accuracy of this study meets the needs of perioperative anesthesia depth monitoring and the study reduces the operation cost.

Inferior Vena Cava Collapsibility Index: A Precise, Noninvasive Tool for Evaluation of Edema in Children with Nephrotic Syndrome

This study aimed to evaluate available volume status assessment tools in nephrotic syndrome (NS). Sixty children with INS were subdivided into hypovolemic and nonhypovolemic groups based on fractional excretion of sodium (FeNa%); all were studied for inferior vena cava collapsibility index (IVCCI), plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and body composition monitor (BCM). Forty-four patients had nonhypovolemic and 16 had hypovolemic states. ANP did not difer between both groups. IVCCI was higher in hypovolemic group (p<0.001) with sensitivity 87.5% and specifcity 81.8% for hypovolemia detection, while BCM overhydration (BCM-OH) values were higher in nonhypovolemic group (p=0.04) with sensitivity=68.2% and specifcity=75% for detection of hypervolemia. FeNa% showed negative correlation with IVCCI (r= ?0.578, p<0.001) and positive correlation with BCM-OH (r=0.33, p=0.018), while FeNa% showed nonsignifcant correlation to ANP concentration. IVCCI is a reliable tool for evaluating volume status in NS and is superior to BCM.

Analysis of surveillance results of human brucellosis in Qinghai Province in 2019 and 2020 / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective:To master the epidemic trend of human brucellosis in Qinghai Province, so as to provide basis for scientific prevention and control of the disease.Methods:In 2019 and 2020, at the national and provincial brucellosis monitoring sites in Qinghai Province, a total of 18 counties (cities and districts, hereinafter referred to as counties), no less than 400 serum samples were sampled every year for brucellosis Rose-Bengal plate agglutination test (RBPT) and serum tube agglutination test (SAT), which would be tested and judged according to the criteria of "Diagnosis for Brucellosis" (WS 269-2019).Results:In 2019, a total of 1 612 people were monitored in national brucellosis monitoring sites, 93 were RBPT positive, 54 were SAT positive, 54 were diagnosed, and the prevalence rate was 3.35% (54/1 612). In 2020, 1 677 people were monitored in national brucellosis monitoring sites, 151 were RBPT positive, 80 were SAT positive, 80 were diagnosed, and the prevalence rate was 4.77% (80/1 677). There were significant differences in RBPT positive rate, SAT positive rate and prevalence rate among national monitoring sites between the two years (χ 2 = 12.52, 4.24, 4.24, P < 0.05). In 2019, a total of 6 043 people were monitored in provincial brucellosis monitoring sites, 128 were RBPT positive, 91 were SAT positive, 87 were diagnosed, and the prevalence rate was 1.44% (87/6 043). In 2020, 5 664 people were monitored, 108 were RBPT positive, 59 were SAT positive, 52 were diagnosed, and the prevalence rate was 0.92% (52/5 664). There was no significant difference in RBPT positive rate among provincial monitoring sites between the two years (χ 2 = 0.66, P = 0.416), and the differences in SAT positive rate and prevalence rate were statistically significant among provincial monitoring sites between the two years (χ 2 = 4.98, 14.57, P < 0.05). Conclusion:In 2019 and 2020, there are human brucellosis in national and provincial brucellosis monitoring sites in Qinghai Province.

Analysis of food-borne pathogens in Nantong City in 2017-2020 / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective In order to understand the contamination status of food-borne pathogens in food in Nantong City, and to provide a scientific basis for food safety risk assessment and supervision. Methods The monitoring was performed according to the plan of food safety risk surveillance in Nantong City and the manual on monitoring microbes and its pathogenic factors in foodstuffs of Jiangsu Province. A total of 1025 food samples of 11 kinds were monitored from 2017 to 2020 for detecting of pathogenic bacteria such as Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus, and the test results were summarized, analyzed and evaluated. Results A total of 142 pathogenic bacteria were detected, with a total positive rate of 13.85%. The detection rate was the highest in 2018 (25.65%), and the lowest in 2017 (4.98%). The highest detection rate was found in meat and meat products(25.38%), followed by aquatic products and animal products (17.92%), cooked rice and flour products around the school (14.29%), the detection rate of barreled drinking water was the lowest (2.86%). 170 strains of pathogenic bacteria were detected from 1025 samples. The higher positive rate was Bacillus cereus in the cooked rice flour products around the school, and 5 strains of Bacillus cereus were detected, with the detection rate was 14.29%. 18 strains of Staphylococcus aureus were detected in meat and meat products, and the detection rate was 13.85%; 70 Vibrio parahaemolyticus were detected in aquatic products, and the detection rate was 13.49%; 16 Listeria monocytogenes were detected in meat and meat products, and the detection rate was 12.31%. The positive rate of catering links is higher than that of circulation links, and the positive rate of urban areas is higher than that of rural areas. Conclusions Pathogenic bacteria were detected in different kinds of food, and the overall situation of food safety is stable. In the future, the monitoring scope will be expanded continuously, the monitoring continuity will be strengthened, the sampling quantity will be increased, the monitoring quality will be improved, the trend of food pollution change in the city shall be mastered in time, food safety warning shall be well done, and food safety education shall be strengthened for food practitioners, food pollution risk shall be reduced and food safety shall be effectively guaranteed.