Impact of Kinesiotherapy Rehabilitation on Quadriceps Femoris Muscle Strength and Functionality in Total Hip Arthroplasty Patients / Impacto de la Rehabilitación con Kinesioterapia en la Fuerza y Funcionalidad del Músculo Cuádriceps Femoral en Pacientes con Artroplastía Total de Cadera

SUMMARY: The objective was measure quadricep strength after Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA) and kinetic treatment and then determine its impact on the functional recovery of patients with hip osteoarthritis. A total of 79 (25 were male and 54 were female) patients with THA. Exclusion criteria were previous extra-system kinetic treatment, operated on for hip fracture, not completing the treatment. Maximum Isometric Strength (MIS), Time Up and Go (TUG), Modified Harris Hip Score. There was a significant increase in the MIS of the post-treatment operated knee extension in both men and women (p < 0.0001 SE = 0.43; p < 0.0001 SE = 1.22, respectively). In the TUG, the execution time was significantly lower post-treatment in both men and women (p < 0.0001 SE = 0.77; p < 0.0001 SE = 0.94, respectively). The final Harris score increased significantly post-treatment in male and female (p < 0.0001 SE = 2.90; p < 0.0001 SE = 1.96, respectively). the association between MIS and the Harris score, it was noted that, for a 1 kg increase in this measure compared to the initial assessment, the Harris score, after 12 weeks of treatment, increased by 0.179 points (β = 0.179; p = 0.050). The conclusions were Indicate an increase in knee extension MIS of the operated hip after treatment in both sexes. At the same time, functionality increased post-treatment in both male and female.

El objetivo del estudio fue medir la fuerza del músculo cuádriceps femoral después de la artroplastia total de cadera (THA, por sus siglas en inglés) y el tratamiento kinésico, para determinar su impacto en la recuperación funcional de pacientes con osteoartritis de cadera. En el estudio participaron 79 pacientes con THA (25 hombres y 54 mujeres). Se excluyeron quienes tuvieron tratamiento Kinésico previo fuera del hospital, operación por fractura de cadera y no completar el tratamiento. Las principales medidas tomadas fueron: Fuerza Máxima Isométrica (MIS), Time UP and GO (TUG), Puntuación Modificada de Harris de Cadera. Hubo un aumento significativo en la MIS de la extensión de rodilla del lado operado después del tratamiento tanto en hombres (p<0,0001, EE=0,43) como en mujeres (p<0,0001, EE=1,22). En el TUG, el tiempo de ejecución fue significativamente menor después del tratamiento en hombres (p<0,0001, EE=0,77) y mujeres (p<0,0001, EE=0,94). La puntuación final de Harris aumentó significativamente después del tratamiento en hombres (p<0,0001, EE=2,90) y mujeres (p<0,0001, EE=1,96). En cuanto a la asociación entre MIS y la puntuación de Harris, se observó que por cada aumento de 1 kg en esta medida en comparación con la evaluación inicial, la puntuación de Harris aumentó en 0,179 puntos después de 12 semanas de tratamiento (β=0,179; p=0,050). En conclusión se observó un aumento en la MIS de la extensión de rodilla del lado operado después del tratamiento en ambos sexos. Al mismo tiempo, la funcionalidad aumentó después del tratamiento tanto en hombres como en mujeres.

Infantile fibromatosis colli: torticollis with auspicious outcome

Among the various causes of infantile torticollis fibromatosis colli (FC) is a scarce one. Although it抯 a benign condition it causes momentous disquiet in parents. Neck swelling with history of difficult instrument delivery is a classical allusion towards FC. Proliferation of sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscle is the major cause. Presentation is commonly at 2-6 weeks of age with complaints of swelling or torticollis mostly unilateral, rarely bilateral. A 5-week-old male baby presented with swelling on the right side of neck and diagnosed with FC. We evaluated potential diagnostic modalities in this patient and concluded their usefulness and importance in various presentations.

Pseudotumor of muscle - focal myositis

Focal myositis is a rare disease, and to date, 250 cases have been reported in literature. It is a benign dysimmune disease of unknown etiology. It is defined as myopathy affecting a single muscle without systemic manifestation with a historically proven inflammatory myositis process. It usually presents as a mass ranging from 1 to 20 centimeters, growing insidiously over weeks to months, and may be painless or tender. Or the growth can be rapid and with a lot of pain and disability. It's common in lower limbs and rare in facial muscles. It usually regresses spontaneously and does not invade the surrounding structures. In 18% of cases, there may be a relapse. Laboratory studies may show elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP). Creatine kinase (CK) is usually not elevated significantly. Autoantigens are often normal or may be marginally elevated. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a diagnostic tool of choice and is done with relative ease. Electromyography (EMG) occasionally shows recordable spontaneous and repetitive discharges. Nerve conduction velocity (NCV) may be helpful if nerves are involved. A muscle biopsy usually confirms the diagnosis with specific features. Tumours of muscle and Inflammatory myositis need to be differentiated. Sometimes focal myositis may be associated with immune-mediated inflammatory disease (IMID), neoplasms, radiculopathy, and trauma. Focal myositis is usually self-limiting and benign. It usually responds to NSAID and occasionally may require a short course of steroids, especially in those with elevated ESR and CRP.

An unusual case of lateral vaginal wall leiomyoma: case report

Twenty to thirty percent of women in the reproductive age group are affected with leiomyomas, the most frequent benign tumor of the uterus. Only 300 occurrences of vaginal leiomyomas have been documented, hence they are still a rare condition. Because of their low incidence and wide range of nonspecific clinical symptoms, tumors are assumed to originate from Mullerian smooth muscle cells in the sub-epithelium of the vagina. However, these cells can easily be misdiagnosed. Usually located in the anterior vaginal wall are vaginal leiomyomas. Here, we describe a case of left upper lateral vaginal wall leiomyoma in a 40-year-old multigravida. She presented with pelvic fullness. Cervical fibroid was diagnosed based on physical examination and MRI. Under anesthesia, the tumor was removed vaginally, and histology revealed a vaginal leiomyoma. Vaginal leiomyomas are uncommon tumors; however, they can present with a range of clinical symptoms and be mistakenly classified as cervical fibroid before surgery. The most effective therapy approach seems to be vaginal tumor excision followed by a histological investigation. To raise awareness of the disease and lower the possibility of a misdiagnosis and improper treatment, the current instance was disclosed.

A prospective knowledge, attitude and practice-based study of pelvic floor muscle training in fitness-oriented women

Background: Although knowledge, attitude and need of pelvic floor muscle training are well established but there is lack of practice of PFMT even in fitness oriented educated women. Objective was to evaluate the knowledge, Attitude, Practice (KAP) of PFMT in fitness-oriented women.Methods: A Cross-sectional study was performed on 100 women of 18-45 years who are not pregnant and fitness oriented by providing a self-administrated KAP questionnaire then all answers were analysed.Results: A total of 100 women were included in the study and baseline characteristics were determined. Out of 100 participants 97% had the knowledge about the pelvic floor muscle while 95% knew about its exercise with 100% of them believed it to be a good practice. The results showed significant association with the knowledge of PFMT to the educational status. Despite In spite of high quality of knowledge, attitude and awareness regarding pelvic floor muscle and its training, unfortunately only 8% of educated females practiced pelvic floor muscle exercises in their daily routine.Conclusions: So, we conclude that pelvic floor muscle training should be inculcated in our society at the very root levels or even in school education like other exercises or meditation. Essential motivation, education and awareness should be spread through various possible means.

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the physical fitness of older adults: a longitudinal study

Introduction: Older adults, who are considered to be at higher risk of contracting the COVID-19 virus, have been adversely affected by the pandemic. Objective: This prospective longitudinal study aimed to verify changes in the physical fitness of older adults during the period of the COVID-19 pandemic, considering gender and age group. Methods: Seventy-six older individuals (aged 72.6±6.47 years) who were part of a university extension program participated in the study. Their physical fitness was assessed using the Senior Fitness Test (SFT), which was administered by trained researchers before the pandemic (November 2019) and during the pandemic (April 2022). Results: The results showed a significant decline in physical fitness in all tests, except for the Arm Curl Test. The greatest decline was observed in the 6-minute walk test. Both men and women exhibited greater declines in aerobic endurance and lower limb strength. Older adults aged 80 years or older were the most affected, exhibiting the greatest declines, particularly in aerobic endurance and lower limb strength. Conclusion: The study concludes that the COVID-19 pandemic had a significant negative impact on the physical fitness of older adults, especially women and those aged 80 years or older. Therefore, physical activity programs should be implemented for these populations to minimize or even reverse the negative impacts caused by COVID-19 on their physical fitness.

Músculos Isquiotibiales. Análisis de su Uso y Propuesta de Inclusión en Terminologia Anatomica / Hamstring Muscles. Analysis of its Use and Proposal for Inclusion in Terminologia Anatomica

Terminologia Anatomica Internacional publicada el año 2019 en inglés y el 2001 en español contiene los nombres oficiales de las estructuras anatómicas. Sin embargo, existen términos que no están incluidos en esta terminología, y son ampliamente utilizados, es el caso del término músculos isquiotibiales. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar la utilización del término músculos isquiotibiales, músculos del compartimento femoral posterior y músculos del compartimento femoral flexor. Se realizó una revisión narrativa que incluyó 37 libros de anatomía, 3 diccionarios de terminología médica y biológica, 10 bases de datos y 15 recursos digitales. En los libros publicados después del año 2001 el 55,6 % utilizaba el término músculos isquiotibiales y el 18,5 % utilizó músculos del compartimento femoral posterior. En ningún diccionario se encontró el uso de los términos músculos isquiotibiales, músculos del compartimento femoral posterior ni músculos del compartimento femoral flexor. En las bases de datos se encontraron 12.104 artículos con el término músculos isquiotibiales, cinco con el término músculos del compartimento femoral posterior y uno con el término músculos del compartimento femoral flexor. En los recursos digitales de anatomía el 50 % utilizaba el término músculos isquiotibiales, el 37,5 % el término músculos del compartimento femoral posterior y el 12,5 % músculos del compartimento femoral flexor. En conclusión, el uso del término músculos isquiotibiales supera ampliamente al uso de los términos indicados por Terminologia Anatomica Internacional. Adicionalmente, este término es anatómicamente descriptivo y unívoco. Al respecto, parece apropiado valorar la incorporación del término músculos isquiotibiales en Terminologia Anatomica Internacional.

SUMMARY: The Terminologia Anatomica published in 2019 in English and 2001 in Spanish conTAIns the official names of anatomical structures. However, there are terms that are not included in this terminology, and are widely used, such as the term "hamstring muscles. The objective of this work was to analyze the use of the terms hamstring muscles, muscles of the posterior compartment of thigh and muscles of the flexor compartment of thigh. A narrative review was carried out that included 37 anatomy books, 3 dictionaries of medical and biological terminology, 10 databases and 15 digital resources. Results: In the books published after 2001, 55.6 % used the term hamstring muscles, 18.5 % muscles of the posterior compartment of thigh and 0 % muscles of the flexor compartment of thigh; In no dictionary was the use of the terms hamstring muscles, muscles of the posterior compartment of thigh or muscles of the flexor compartment of thigh found; In the databases, 12,104 articles were found with the term hamstring muscles, 5 with the term muscles of the posterior compartment of thigh and 1 with the term muscles of the flexor compartment of thigh; In the digital anatomy resources, 50 % used the term hamstring muscles, 37.5 % the term muscles of the posterior compartment of thigh and 12.5 % muscles of the flexor compartment of thigh. In conclusion, the use of the term hamstring muscles far exceeds the use of the terms indicated by the International Anatomical Terminology. Additionally, this term is anatomically descriptive and univocal. In this regard, it seems appropriate to assess the incorporation of the term hamstring muscles in Terminologia Anatomica.

Body Typology of Lebanese Adults: Initial Cluster Cross-Selection Study / Tipología Corporal de Adultos Libaneses: Estudio Inicial de Selección Cruzada de Grupos

SUMMARY: This study aims to investigate body typologies based on a combination of basic anthropo-morphological characteristics and body composition measured by multichannel bioimpedance in a sample from the adult population of Lebanon. A total of 302 subjects (173 males and 129 females) without acute or chronic health disorders were included in the study. Body composition was measured by the multichannel bioelectrical impedance (BIA) method, using the i30 device (MEDIANA, Korea). The research used 10 variables, including three basic anthropo-morphological variables, three for assessing fat, three for assessing the muscle component, and one index variable. K-means cluster analysis was used to define five specific clusters (5D) of body types based on sex. In light of the results, the study established five distinct clusters representing five different body typologies among Lebanese adults, categorized by sex: Male sample, Group 1 - Obese Endomorph (15.61 %), Group 2 - Balanced Mesomorph (16.76 %), Group 3 - Short Endomorph (30.06 %), Group 4 - Short Mesomorph (34.10 %), and Group 5 - Pathological Obese Endomorph (3.47 %); Female sample, Group 1- Obese Endomorph (2.33 %), Group 2 - Short Endo/Mesomorph (28.68 %), Group 3 - Short Ectomorph (32.56 %), Group 4 - Endomorph (22.48 %), and Group 5 - Balanced Mesomorph (13.95 %). Furthermore, the results indicated that the primary factor contributing to the distinctions among the identified clusters in terms of sex is fat tissue. This leads to the conclusion that eating habits cause the given differences, rather than the level of physical activity, regardless of sex.

Este estudio ttuvo como objetivo investigar tipologías corporales basadas en una combinación de características antropomorfológicas básicas y composición corporal, medidas por bioimpedancia multicanal, en una muestra de la población adulta del Líbano. Se incluyeron en el estudio un total de 302 sujetos (173 hombres y 129 mujeres) sin trastornos de salud agudos o crónicos. La composición corporal se midió mediante el método de impedancia bioeléctrica multicanal (BIA), utilizando el dispositivo i30 (MEDIANA, Corea). La investigación utilizó 10 variables, incluidas tres variables antropomorfológicas básicas, tres para evaluar la grasa, tres para evaluar el componente muscular y una variable índice. Se utilizó el análisis de conglomerados de K-medias para definir cinco conglomerados específicos (5D) de tipos de cuerpo según el sexo. En base a los resultados, el estudio estableció cinco grupos distintos que representan cinco tipologías corporales diferentes entre los adultos libaneses, categorizados por sexo: muestra masculina, grupo 1: endomorfo obeso (15,61 %), grupo 2: mesomorfo equilibrado (16,76 %), grupo 3 - Endomorfo Corto (30,06 %), Grupo 4 - Mesomorfo Corto (34,10 %), y Grupo 5 - Endomorfo Obeso Patológico (3,47 %); Muestra femenina, Grupo 1: Endomorfo obeso (2,33 %), Grupo 2: Endo/mesomorfo corto (28,68 %), Grupo 3: Ectomorfo corto (32,56 %), Grupo 4: Endomorfo (22,48 %) y Grupo 5: Mesomorfo equilibrado (13,95 %). Además, los resultados indicaron que el factor principal que contribuye a las distinciones entre los grupos identificados en términos de sexo es el tejido adiposo. Esto lleva a la conclusión de que las diferencias dadas son causadas por los hábitos alimentarios, más que por el nivel de actividad física, independientemente del sexo.

Morphology and Morphometry of the Dorsal Interosseous Muscles of the Hand: Laterality and Sexual Dimorphism / Morfología y Morfometría de los Músculos Interóseos Dorsales de la Mano: Lateralidad y Dimorfismo Sexual

SUMMARY: The dorsal interosseous muscles (DIM) are intrinsic muscles of the hand located dorsally between metacarpal bones, which play a role in finger abduction. Anatomical variations of these muscles in terms of form and length have been well documented, but variations regarding sex and laterality are underexplored. The aim of this study was to investigate the morphology and morphometry of the DIM of the hand regarding sexual dimorphism and laterality. Twenty human cadavers belonging to the white individuals (n = 40 hands) with known sex and laterality were used for this study. DIMs were dissected and observed for morphology. Also, a digital calliper was used to measure the midpoint length of the DIM. The origin and insertion of all the DIM were normal with the left hand having no additional, supernumerary, and absent muscles in each compartment. The variations were only found on the right side and predominant in females: 2 out of 11 (18.18%) hands containing a space with a supernumerary muscle; 1 out of 11 (9.09%) hands having a space with a double muscle; and 1 out of 11 (9.09%) hands having a compartment with a unipennate muscle. In males, 1 out of 9 (11.11%) hands had a compartment with a supernumerary muscle. The mean midpoint length of each muscle in females and males in both hands from the first to the fourth muscle, respectively, was documented. In females on the left: 46.79 ± 3.56; 42.62 ± 3.57; 49.02 ± 4.21; 41.66 ± 2.15 and right: 47.30 ± 2.49; 39.27 ± 4.14; 45.69 ± 4.64; 38.12 ± 4.08. In males, it was on the left: 50.01 ± 3.95; 41.98 ± 3.79; 47.90 ± 4.83; 41.79 ± 4.25, and on the right: 46.65 ± 2.09; 39.01 ± 4.25; 47.47 ± 3.41; 38.31 ± 4.40. The mean midpoint length of the DIM was relatively higher on the left hand compared to the right hand in both females and males. In this study, variations regarding the supernumerary muscle, double interosseous space, and unipennate muscles were only observed on the right-hand side and predominantly in females, an insight that may guide in the treatment of fractures, stiffness of the hand, and compartment syndromes.

Los músculos interóseos dorsales (DIM) son músculos intrínsecos de la mano ubicados dorsalmente entre los huesos metacarpianos, que desempeñan un papel en la abducción de los dedos. Las variaciones anatómicas de estos músculos en términos de forma y longitud están bien documentadas, pero las variaciones con respecto al sexo y la lateralidad están poco exploradas. El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar la morfología y morfometría de los DIM de la mano con respecto al dimorfismo sexual y la lateralidad. Para este estudio se utilizaron veinte cadáveres humanos pertenecientes a individuos blancos (n = 40 manos) con sexo y lateralidad conocidos. Los DIM se diseccionaron y observaron para determinar su morfología. Además, se utilizó un calibrador digital para medir la longitud del punto medio del DIM. El origen y la inserción de todos los DIM fueron normales y la mano izquierda no tenía músculos adicionales, supernumerarios y ausentes en cada compartimento. Las variaciones se encontraron sólo en el lado derecho y predominaron en el sexo femenino: 2 de 11 (18,18%) manos contenían un espacio con un músculo supernumerario; 1 de cada 11 (9,09%) manos presentando un espacio con doble músculo; y 1 de cada 11 (9,09%) manos presentaba un compartimento con músculo unipenate. En los hombres, 1 de cada 9 (11.11%) manos tenía un compartimento con un músculo supernumerario. Se documentó la longitud media del punto medio de cada músculo en mujeres y hombres en ambas manos desde el primer al cuarto músculo, respectivamente. En mujeres de izquierda: 46,79 ± 3,56; 42,62 ± 3,57; 49,02 ± 4,21; 41,66 ± 2,15 y derecha: 47,30 ± 2,49; 39,27 ± 4,14; 45,69 ± 4,64; 38,12 ± 4,08. En los varones fue hacia la izquierda: 50,01 ± 3,95; 41,98 ± 3,79; 47,90 ± 4,83; 41,79 ± 4,25, y a la derecha: 46,65 ± 2,09; 39,01 ± 4,25; 47,47 ± 3,41; 38,31 ± 4,40. La longitud media del punto medio del DIM fue relativamente mayor en la mano izquierda en comparación con la derecha tanto en mujeres como en hombres. En este estudio, las variaciones con respecto al músculo supernumerario, el doble espacio interóseo y los músculos unipennados sólo se observaron en el lado derecho y predominantemente en el sexo femenino, un conocimiento que puede guiar en el tratamiento de fracturas, rigidez de la mano y síndromes compartimentales.

Surco del Músculo Iliopsoas y su Relación Clínica con la Cadera. Una Revisión / Groove of the Iliopsoas Muscle and its Clinical Relationship with the Hip. A Review

El músculo iliopsoas es el principal flexor de la cadera siendo un rotador lateral accesorio de ésta, sus fibras discurren posteriores al ligamento inguinal, cruzando anteriormente a la pelvis. Este trayecto ocurre en un surco que se localiza entre la eminencia iliopúbica, medialmente y la espina iliaca anteroinferior, lateralmente. Si bien existen antecedentes de este surco, no se encuentra expresado en la terminología anatómica internacional (TAI) como un surco relevante dentro de los relieves óseos pélvicos. Este surco se encuentra asociado al tendón en diferentes disfunciones de cadera, como la cadera en resorte (coxa saltans). El objetivo de la investigación es ampliar el conocimiento clínico y anatómico de este surco y su inclusión en la terminología anatómica internacional. Dentro de los criterios de inclusión se seleccionaron artículos publicados en español e inglés que aludieron referencia al surco y/o palabras claves como, "músculo iliopsoas", "músculo psoas ilíaco", "surco iliopsoas" "surco coxal", "groove iliopsoas" y "iliopsoas muscle" "surco coxal". Los motores de búsqueda utilizados fueron Pubmed, Google Académico y Springer Link. La relevancia del surco del músculo iliopsoas abre una puerta a las discusiones respecto a su forma y profundidad, así como también un punto de referencia asociada a diferentes situaciones clínicas relacionada con este surco y probables predisposiciones a lesiones o chasquidos que ocurren en cadera. Finalmente, el conocimiento del surco para el músculo iliopsoas es importante tenerlo en consideración en investigaciones que aborden esta región, así como su terminología anatómica, relaciones anatómicas, clínicas y quirúrgicas.

SUMMARY: The iliopsoas muscle is the main hip flexor being an accessory lateral rotator of this, its fibers run posterior to the inguinal ligament, crossing anterior to the pelvis. This course occurs in a groove located between the iliopubic eminence medially and the anterior inferior iliac spine laterally. Although there are antecedents of this groove, no relevant comments are found in international anatomical terminology (IAT) as a groove within the pelvic bone reliefs. This groove is associated with the tendon in different hip dysfunctions, such as the hip snap (coxa saltans). The objective of the research is to expand the clinical and anatomical knowledge of this groove and its inclusion in international anatomical terminology. Within the inclusion criteria, articles published in Spanish and English were selected that referred to the groove and/or keywords such as "iliopsoas muscle", "iliopsoas muscle", "iliopsoas groove", "coxal groove", "iliopsoas groove". and "iliopsoas muscle" "coxal groove". The search engines used were Pubmed, Google Scholar and Springer Link. The relevance of the iliopsoas muscle groove gives way to discussions regarding its shape and depth, as well as a point of reference associated with different clinical situations related to this groove and probable predispositions to injuries or snaps that occur in the hip. Finally, knowledge of the groove for the iliopsoas muscle is important to consider in research that addresses this region, as well as its anatomical terminology, anatomical, clinical, and surgical relationships.

Normative values of neck muscle strength in adult population of Delhi NCR region

Background: The neck pain is common problem in the adult population. Neck muscles have the potential to regulate the neck movement and to maintain its physiological functions and hence should have a quantitative value for strength. The aim of this study was to evaluate the neck muscle strength which would be used as a reference in the analysis of neck pain. Further aim of this study was to analyze the effect of age, weight, height, gender, body mass index (BMI) on muscle strength. Methods: This study was an observational study conducted at physiotherapy department of I. T. S. Institute of Health and Allied Sciences from 23 September 2023 to 24 February 2024.The study comprised 1200 participants, both male and female, in the age group of 21 to 50 years old. Isometric strength measurements for several neck muscles were made using a handheld dynamometer after ethical approval. Normative strength values were calculated, and multivariate analysis was performed to conclude the effect of age, weight, height, gender and BMI on neck muscle strength. Data analysis was calculated using statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) version 21.0. Results: Males are at lower risk than females to develop neck pain as males are having more strength than females in all age groups. Weight and age were positively associated with muscle strength (p<0.5). Height and BMI showed no significant correlation to muscle strength (p>0.5). Conclusions: This research provides the normative ranges of neck muscle strength in the adult population that will serve as a baseline and aid in prevention, maintenance and treatment of neck pain. It provides the standard for the clinician to compare the muscle strength of different age groups and unaffected.

Evaluación y tratamiento kinésico de una atleta élite de CrossFit con lesión muscular del dorsal ancho: reporte de un caso / Evaluation and physical therapy treatment of an elite CrossFit athlete with latissimus dorsi muscle injury: a case report

RESUMEN Introducción: Las lesiones musculares del dorsal ancho (DA) son poco comunes y se producen casi exclusivamente en atletas de alto nivel competitivo. Hasta la fecha, no encontramos reportes de casos similares que describan de manera detallada el proceso de rehabilitación. El objetivo de este reporte de caso es describir la evaluación y el tratamiento kinésico de una atleta de élite de CrossFit en un consultorio privado de kinesiología. Presentación del caso: Una paciente femenina de 28 años, atleta de élite de CrossFit, sufrió una lesión muscular del DA durante una competencia. Se realizó una ecografía 72 h después, la cual confirmó la lesión. El tratamiento kinésico posterior fue activo y se basó principalmente en la progresión de diferentes ejercicios terapéuticos. Se realizaron diversas evaluaciones para monitorear la adaptación de la atleta (fuerza isométrica del DA, cuestionarios autorreportados y valoración funcional de la extremidad superior). Conclusión: La óptima progresión de los ejercicios durante el tratamiento, junto con una comunicación fluida entre la atleta, el entrenador y el kinesiólogo, permitió una vuelta a los entrenamientos diarios con el mismo nivel de cargas, intensidad y volumen que tenía previamente. La paciente regresó a la competencia a los 45 días del alta kinésica.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Latissimus dorsi (LD) muscle injuries are rare and primarily occur in high-level competitive athletes. To date, no similar case reports detailing the rehabilitation process have been found. The objective of this case report is to describe the assessment and physical therapy treatment of an elite CrossFit athlete at a private physical therapy clinic. Case presentation: A 28-year-old female patient, an elite CrossFit athlete, suffered an LD muscle injury during a competition. An ultrasound performed 72 h later confirmed the injury. Subsequent physical therapy treatment was active and primarily focused on the progression of various therapeutic exercises. Several assessments were conducted to monitor the athlete's adaptation (LD isometric strength test, self-reported questionnaires, and functional assessment to the upper extremity). Conclusion: The optimal progression of exercises during treatment, along with fluid communication among the athlete, coach, and physiotherapist, allowed a return to daily training with the same level of loads, intensity, and volume as before the injury. The patient returned to competition 45 days after discharge from physiotherapy.

Significance of calcium: its correlation with red and white muscle contraction, fatigue and potential

According to the predominant types of muscle fibers in an individual, they will have the ability to perform different types of exercises (both aerobic and anaerobic). To comprehend the mechanism of muscle fibers, which can act in diverse ways, enhancing either resistance or power, it is essential to examine the significance of calcium. Calcium plays a crucial role in both red and white muscle fibers. The release of calcium in white (fast-twitch) muscle fibers is significantly greater and faster, resulting in increased energy consumption, facilitating explosive physical activities. Conversely, in red (slow-twitch) muscle fibers, the release of calcium occurs in smaller amounts and over a prolonged period, leading to sustained energy consumption. The characteristics of contraction in red fibers enable endurance activities. A reduction in the amount of calcium results in diminished muscle contractile capacity, known as fatigue. The primary contributing factor, as previously mentioned, is the decline in calcium, but factors such as lactic acid and the dephosphorylation of the myosin head also contribute to its onset.

Ethanolic Extract of Alternanthera Sessilis: A Potential Therapeutic Agent for Behavioral Improvements in Reserpine-Induced Parkinsonian Rats

The present study evaluated the potential of an ethanol extract from Alternanthera sessilis to alleviate reserpine-induced Parkinson's disease (PD) like behavioural manifestations in rats. The animals were grouped into five: a control group, a group receiving only reserpine, a group treated with levodopa and carbidopa, and two groups given different doses of the Alternanthera sessilis extract. Reserpine was used to mimic PD symptoms, while the extract was administered orally at two different concentrations. The behavioral tests were conducted to assess locomotor activity, grip strength, catalepsy, and rearing activity. Locomotor activity was measured using an actophotometer, where interruptions in light beams caused by the rates were recorded over a 10-minute period. Grip strength was evaluated using a rotarod apparatus, measuring the time taken for rats to fall off individual rods. Catalepsy was assessed through a bar test, measuring the time for rats to descend from a horizontal bar to the base. Rearing activity was observed in a round open field arena, with parameters including the occurrence rate of rearing, general movements score, and duration spent in the center of the arena. The results revealed administration of reserpine led to a decrease in body weight, locomotor activity, muscle coordination, catalepsy score, rearing activity, and grip strength compared to the control group. Conversely, treatment with levodopa and carbidopa resulted in increased values for these parameters. Importantly, administration of Alternanthera sessilis extract showed a dose-dependent reversal of the effects induced by reserpine, with significant increases observed in body weight, locomotor activity, muscle coordination, rearing activity, general movement, and grip strength, indicating its potential therapeutic effects. In conclusion, the present study results suggest that the extract from the Alternanthera sessilis plant might protect brain cells and improve symptoms of Parkinson's disease. However, more research is needed to understand how it works and if it can be used safely and effectively clinical trails.

Tumor nasal de músculo liso de comportamiento maligno incierto: informe de un caso / Nasal smooth muscle tumor of uncertain malignant potential: A case report

Los tumores de músculo liso que no pueden ser clasificados según su histología como leiomiomas o leiomiosarcomas se denominan tumores de músculo liso de comportamiento maligno incierto. La localización nasal de estos tumores es muy infrecuente y la extensión adecuada de la cirugía para tratar estas neoplasias no está bien definida. Se describe el caso clínico de una adolescente de 16 años, que consultó por padecer un tumor de aspecto vascular en la cavidad nasal derecha y que fue tratada con éxito mediante cirugía intranasal. El diagnóstico histológico fue tumor de músculo liso de comportamiento maligno incierto. Por la rareza de estas neoplasias, su infrecuente localización nasal y la falta de evidencia que soporte cuál debe ser la extensión de la cirugía, es relevante la descripción y discusión del caso clínico.

Smooth muscle tumors that cannot be histologically classified as leiomyomas or leiomyosarcomas are defined as smooth muscle tumors of uncertain malignant potential. The location of these tumors in the nose is very rare, and the appropriate surgical extent to manage these neoplasms has not been adequately defined. Here we describe the case of a 16-year-old female adolescent who consulted due to a vascular-like tumor in the right nasal cavity who was successfully treated with intranasal surgery. The histological diagnosis was smooth muscle tumor of uncertain malignant potential. Given that these neoplasms are rare, the uncommon location in the nose, and the lack of evidence indicating the extent of surgery, it is relevant to describe and discuss this clinical case.

Striated Musculature: Embryonic and Fetal Development / Musculatura Estriada: Desarrollo Embrionario y Fetal

SUMMARY: The different embryological origins of striated muscle tissue make it an interesting tissue but at the same time difficult to understand, this is how the musculature of the face comes from the first pharyngeal arch, on the other hand. The muscles of the tongue derive from the somites. The muscles of the larynx come from the pharyngeal arches. The muscles of the spine come from the medial or internal myotome of the somite, while the muscles of the limbs and body wall come from the external myotome. The cardiac musculature originates from the lateral splanchnic mesoderm. In this work, the development of myoblasts in human, mouse and chicken fetuses was studied in the facial region, tongue, and spine, limbs, body wall and cardiac muscles using histological histochemical techniques and immunohistochemical technique. The objective of the work is to compare the histogenesis of striated muscle (skeletal, visceral and cardiac), indicating the differences in origin, evolution of the morphological characteristics in each of them and the signaling routes that are involved in its development.

Los distintos origenes embriológicos del tejido muscular estriado lo hace un tejido interesante, pero a la vez difícil de entender, es así como la musculatura de la cara proviene del primer arco faríngeo, en cambio, la musculatura de la lengua deriva de los somitos. La musculatura de la laringe proviene de los arcos faríngeos. La musculatura de la columna vertebral proviene del miotomo medial o interno del somito, en cambio la musculatura de los miembros y pared del cuerpo proviene del miotomo externo. La musculatura cardiaca se origina del mesoderma lateral esplácnico. En este trabajo se estudió el desarrollo de mioblastos en fetos humanos, de ratón y pollo, en la región facial, lengua, columna vertebral, miembros, pared del cuerpo y musculatura cardíaca mediante técnicas histológicas histoquímicas y técnica inmunohistoquímica. El objetivo del trabajo fue comparar la histogénesis del músculo estriado (esquelético, visceral y cardíaco), indicando las diferencias de origen, evolución de las características morfológicas en cada una de ellas y las rutas de señalización que se ven involucradas en el desarrollo del mismo.

The Thyrohyoid Muscle: A Crucial Player in Deglutition and Vocalization / El Músculo Tirohioideo: Un Actor Crucial en la Deglución y la Vocalización

SUMMARY: The thyrohyoid muscle is one of the four infrahyoid muscles. Its role in vocalization and deglutition could be often overlooked, despite its crucial participation in these processes. Unlike other infrahyoid muscles, the thyrohyoid muscle receives innervation from the first cervical spinal nerves which contributes to its unique function. Its primary action involves hyolaryngeal elevation during swallowing, contributing to the opening of the upper esophageal sphincter. In conjunction with other muscles, it also protects the airway and facilitates the passage of food into the esophagus. Variations in the muscle's thickness may exist, and its function can be influenced by chewing habits. Weakened muscles involved in swallowing are often associated with dysphagia, a common complication in stroke and brain-injured patients. Advanced imaging techniques and sleep studies have provided insights into the dynamics and frequency of swallowing. This review explores the anatomic structures, function in action, diagnosis and clinical implications of this muscle. Overall, understanding the significance of the thyrohyoid muscle enhances our comprehension of the intricate interplay of laryngeal muscles during vocalization and deglutition.

El músculo tirohioideo es uno de los cuatro músculos infrahioideos. A menudo podría pasarse por alto su papel en la vocalización y la deglución, a pesar de su participación crucial en estos procesos. A diferencia de otros músculos infrahioideos, el músculo tirohioideo recibe inervación de los primeros nervios espinales cervicales, lo que contribuye a su función única. Su acción principal implica la elevación hiolaríngea durante la deglución, contribuyendo a la apertura del esfínter esofágico superior. Junto con otros músculos, también protege las vías respiratorias y facilita el paso de los alimentos al esófago. Pueden existir variaciones en el grosor del músculo y su función puede verse influenciada por los hábitos de masticación. Los músculos debilitados involucrados en la deglución a menudo se asocian con disfagia, una complicación común en pacientes con accidente cerebrovascular y lesión cerebral. Las técnicas de imagen avanzadas y los estudios del sueño han proporcionado información sobre la dinámica y la frecuencia de la deglución. Esta revisión explora las estructuras anatómicas, la función en acción, el diagnóstico y las implicaciones clínicas de este músculo. En general, comprender la importancia del músculo tirohioideo mejora nuestra comprensión de la intrincada interacción de los músculos laríngeos durante la vocalización y la deglución.

Different Body Partialization Procedures Considering Maximum Strength and Explosiveness: Factorial Analysis Approach / Diferentes Procedimientos de Parcialización Corporal Considerando Fuerza Máxima y Explosividad: Enfoque de Análisis Factorial

SUMMARY: The aim of this study was to determine the sensitivity of different methods of partialization, in terms of different body component indices in relation to indicators of strength and explosiveness. The research involved 187 subjects who were divided into two groups based on sex. This research consisted of measuring body composition characteristics by multichannel bioimpedance analysis (BIA) InBody 720, as well as contractile characteristics of different muscle groups with tenziometric Dinamometry method. Based on the results of the factor analysis we found that regardless of the sex the most sensitive variable for partialization of absolute body isometric strength variable (ABiS) is partialization by allometric scaling (0.964 for females and 0.947 for males explained factor variance). However, in the case of absolute body isometric explosiveness (ABiE), the results of this study have demonstrated that partialization relative to skeletal muscle mass according to the body longitudinality - skeletal muscle mass index (SMMI) is the methodological choice disregarding the sex (0.982 for females and 0.980 for males explained factor variance). The results of the study have shown that for the purpose of scaling the maximal strength relative to body composition, the allometric method can be considered as a choice, while for the partialization of maximal isometric explosiveness skeletal muscle mass index is the best choice insensitive of the sex.

El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la sensibilidad de distintos métodos de parcialización, en términos de diferentes índices de componentes corporales en relación a los indicadores de fuerza y explosividad. En la investigación participaron 187 sujetos que se dividieron según el sexo en dos grupos. Esta investigación consistió en medir las características de composición corporal mediante análisis de bioimpedancia multicanal (BIA) InBody 720, así como las características contráctiles de diferentes grupos musculares con el método de Dinamometría tenciométrica. Con base en los resultados del análisis factorial, encontramos que, independientemente del sexo, la variable más sensible para la parcialización de la variable de fuerza isométrica corporal absoluta (ABiS) fue la parcialización mediante escala alométrica (0,964 para las mujeres y 0,947 para los hombres). Sin embargo, en el caso de la explosividad isométrica corporal absoluta (ABiE), los resultados de este estudio han demostrado que la parcialización relativa a la masa del músculo esquelético según la longitudinalidad del cuerpo - índice de masa del músculo esquelético (SMMI) es la opción metodológica sin tener en cuenta el sexo (0,982 para las mujeres y 0,980 para los hombres). Los resultados del estudio han demostrado que para escalar la fuerza máxima en relación con la composición corporal, el método alométrico puede considerarse como una opción, mientras que para la parcialización de la explosividad isométrica máxima, el índice de masa del músculo esquelético es la mejor opción independiente del sexo.

Standing-Long-Jump Test Application in Identifying Female Adolescents at Risk of Sarcopenic Obesity / Aplicación de la Prueba de Salto de Longitud de Pie para Identificar a Adolescentes con Riesgo de Obesidad Sarcopénica

SUMMARY: The identification of children and adolescents who are at risk of sarcopenic obesity development often requires specialized equipment and expensive test procedures. Therefore, the establishment of cheaper and faster methods would be greatly useful, especially if they could be applied in the field. The study's objective was to establish if identification of female adolescents who suffer the risk of developing sarcopenic obesity can be obtained through the standing-long-jump test application. To achieve the research objectives, various anthropometric and body composition measurements were performed and lower limb explosive strength was assessed using the standing long jump fitness test. The research was conducted on a sample of 535 female respondents randomly selected from 9 elementary schools in the Skopje region of the Republic of North Macedonia. The respondents were divided into quintiles according to BMI z-scores, and the arithmetic means and SD about muscle-to-fat ratio were calculated for each quintile. The cutoff was determined based on the mean and standard deviation of the muscle-to-fat ratio for the 3rd quintile of BMI and the percentage of respondents with sarcopenic obesity was examined. The optimal cut-off value of the long jump fitness test results for predicting sarcopenic obesity in an adolescent girl showed that the area under the ROC curve was 0.781 (95 % CI 0.743-0.815). The standing-long-jump test values, on grounds of odds ratio (OR 95 % CI) about the girls at risk of sarcopenic obesity development, which was identified on muscle-to-fat ratio base, were 8.76 (4.39 - 17.54, p 0.001). It can be used to predict sarcopenic obesity presence in female adolescents, which can be vital in case of health intervention.

La identificación de niños y adolescentes que corren riesgo de desarrollar obesidad sarcopénica a menudo requiere equipos especializados y procedimientos de pruebas costosos. Por lo tanto, el establecimiento de métodos más baratos y rápidos sería de gran utilidad, especialmente si pudieran aplicarse en el campo. El objetivo del estudio fue establecer si la identificación de mujeres adolescentes que sufren riesgo de desarrollar obesidad sarcopénica se puede obtener mediante la aplicación de la prueba de salto de longitud de pie. Para lograr los objetivos de la investigación, se realizaron diversas mediciones antropométricas y de composición corporal y se evaluó la fuerza explosiva de los miembros inferiores mediante la prueba de aptitud de salto de longitud de pie. La investigación se realizó con una muestra de 535 mujeres encuestadas seleccionadas al azar de 9 escuelas primarias de la región de Skopje, en la República de Macedonia del Norte. Los encuestados se dividieron en quintiles según las puntuaciones z del IMC, y se calcularon las medias aritméticas y la DE sobre la relación músculo-grasa para cada quintil. El límite se determinó en función de la media y la desviación estándar de la relación músculo-grasa para el tercer quintil del IMC y se examinó el porcentaje de encuestados con obesidad sarcopénica. El valor de corte óptimo de los resultados de la prueba de condición física de salto de longitud para predecir la obesidad sarcopénica en una adolescente mostró que el área bajo la curva ROC fue 0,781 (IC del 95 %: 0,743-0,815). Los valores de la prueba de salto de longitud de pie, sobre la base del odds ratio (OR IC del 95 %) sobre las niñas en riesgo de desarrollar obesidad sarcopénica, que se identificó sobre la base del ratio músculo-grasa, fueron 8,76 (4,39 - 17,54, p. 0,001). Puede utilizarse para predecir la presencia de obesidad sarcopénica en adolescentes, lo que puede ser vital en caso de intervención sanitaria.

Physical activity, protein consumption, and loss of muscle mass in older adult participants of the ELSA-Brazil study / Atividade física, consumo de proteínas e perda de massa muscular em idosos do ELSA-Brasil

Objetivo: Objetiva-se avaliar a relação entre consumo de proteínas (CP), atividade física (AF) e massa muscular (MM) em indivíduos com 60 anos ou mais de idade. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo prospectivo a partir da linha de base e segunda onda do estudo ELSA-Brasil. O CP foi avaliado por meio de um questionário de frequência alimentar semiquantitativo (QFA). A AF foi mensurada pelo International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). A MM foi estimada por meio de equação de predição, e calculada a diferença de MM entre a 2a e a 1a onda. Análises bivariadas foram realizadas adotando o valor de p < 0,05. Para as análises multivariadas, utilizou-se a regressão de Poisson, com quatro modelos distintos, que incluíram as covariáveis com valor de p < 0,20. Utilizou-se o pacote estatístico SPSS versão 21. Resultados: A amostra foi constituída de 2216 idosos, sendo 55,10% de mulheres, com média de idade de 65,20 ± 4,15. Indivíduos com redução de MM entre as duas ondas estão situados no primeiro quartil de consumo de proteína. Além disso, a média de AF mostrou diferença significativa entre os grupos e a AF no lazer apenas para as mulheres (p < 0,05). Após ajuste por variáveis sociodemográficas, de saúde e hábitos de vida, indivíduos com menor consumo de proteínas apresentaram risco de 1,45 (1,29 ­ 1,63) de apresentar MM diminuída. Conclusões: O menor CP e AF forte estão associados à MM diminuída, e aqueles com menor CP no primeiro e segundo quartis apresentam maior risco de possuir MM diminuída. (AU)

Objective: The objective was to evaluate the relationship between protein consumption, physical activity, and muscle mass in individuals aged ≥ 60 years. Methods: This prospective study was based on the baseline and second wave of the ELSA Brazil study. Protein consumption was assessed using a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. Physical activity was measured using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Muscle mass was estimated using a prediction equation, and the difference in MM between the first and second waves was calculated. Bivariate analyses were performed, with p < 0.05 considered significant. Multivariate analysis consisted of 4 Poisson regression models including covariates with p < 0.20. The statistical analysis was performed in IBM SPSS Statistics 21. Results: The sample included 2216 older adults, 55.10% of whom were women, with a mean age of 65.20 (SD, 4.15). Participants whose muscle mass decreased between the waves were in the first quartile of protein consumption. Mean physical activity significantly differed between the groups, while leisure-time physical activity differed only for women (p < 0.05). After adjusting for sociodemographic, health, and lifestyle variables, participants with lower protein intake had a 1.45 (1.29­1.63) relative risk of muscle mass loss. Conclusions: Lower protein consumption and higher physical activity were associated with decreased muscle mass, and those with protein consumption in the first and second quartiles are at higher risk of muscle mass loss. (AU)