O uso de sistemas de inteligência artificial para a personalização da experiência do paciente: a percepção de gestores de tecnologia e inovação de hospitais associados à ANAHP / The use of artificial intelligence systems for patient experience personalization: the perception of technology and innovation managers at hospitals associated with ANAHP

Objetivo: O presente trabalho explora a percepção de gestores das áreas de Tecnologia e Inovação de hospitais privados brasileiros acerca do uso da inteligência artificial (IA) na saúde, com foco específico na personalização da experiência do paciente nesses hospitais. Métodos: Este trabalho se caracteriza como uma pesquisa descritiva transversal quantitativa. Foi desenvolvido um questionário com 14 questões que foi distribuído a uma amostra de gestores de tecnologia e inovação em hospitais, com o apoio da Associação Nacional de Hospitais Privados (ANAHP). O questionário foi disponibilizado em versão online à base de 122 hospitais associados à ANAHP. Resultados: Foram obtidas 30 respostas completas (aproximadamente 25% da base total), conquistando percepções sobre as vantagens, desvantagens e desafios éticos e técnicos relacionados ao emprego da IA na área clínica, particularmente em ambientes hospitalares. As respostas coletadas ratificaram o otimismo e a reserva dos profissionais de tecnologia e inovação em hospitais privados quanto ao poder e aos impactos da IA na personalização da experiência do paciente, bem como indicaram a necessidade de treinamento adequado para os funcionários desses hospitais, a fim de maximizar os benefícios da IA como ferramenta de apoio à tomada de decisão. Conclusões: Este trabalho é uma fonte de consulta para instituições de saúde que considerem utilizar a IA na personalização da experiência do paciente e queiram estabelecer treinamentos de pessoal baseados nesses princípios. Desse modo, os resultados aqui obtidos oferecem orientações valiosas para a adoção plena de IA no setor de saúde.

Objective: This study explores the perception of managers in the Technology and Innovation areas of Brazilian private hospitals regarding the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare, specifically focusing on patient experience personalization in these hospitals. Methods: This study is characterized as a quantitative cross-sectional descriptive research. A questionnaire with 14 questions was developed and distributed to a sample of technology and innovation managers in hospitals, with the support of the National Association of Private Hospitals (NAPH). The questionnaire was made available online to a base of 122 hospitals associated with NAPH. Results: 30 complete responses were obtained (nearly 25% of the total base), capturing perceptions on the advantages, disadvantages, and ethical and technical challenges related to the use of AI in clinical settings, particularly in hospital environments. The collected responses affirmed the optimism and caution of technology and innovation professionals in private hospitals regarding the power and impacts of AI on patient experience personalization, and indicated the need for adequate training for employees in these hospitals to maximize the benefits of AI as a decision support tool. Conclusions: This study serves as a reference for healthcare institutions considering the use of AI in patient experience personalization and aiming to establish personnel training based on these principles. Thus, the results obtained here offer valuable guidance for the full adoption of AI in the healthcare sector.

EXPLORING THE UNINTENDED CONSEQUENCES OF MISUSE OF WEGOVY AND OZEMPIC IN WEIGHT MANAGEMENT: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW

In recent years, Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists have emerged as promising options for weight management, offering not only glycemic control benefits but also significant reductions in body weight. Among these agents, Wegovy (semaglutide) and Ozempic (semaglutide) have gained attention for their efficacy in promoting weight loss, even in individuals without diabetes. However, the off-label use of these medications for weight management raises several questions and concerns regarding their safety, efficacy, and long-term effects. This comprehensive review aims to explore the complexities of GLP-1 agonists in weight management, focusing on their mechanism of action, clinical evidence, safety profile, dosing considerations, potential interactions, and future directions.

Integrating neuroscience and humanities in healthcare evolution: a multidisciplinary perspective / Integração das neurociências e das ciências humanas na evolução dos cuidados de saúde: uma perspetiva multidisciplinar

The trajectory of healthcare has evolved from ancient holistic practices to the present biomedical model, reflecting the dynamic interplay between scientific progress, technological advancements, and the integration of humanistic values. While biomedical advancements have revolutionized medical treatments, there is an emerging recognition of the importance of integrating neuroscience and humanities to foster holistic patient care and understanding. This paper aims to explore the historical development of medicine, emphasizing the convergence of neuroscience, psychiatry, and neurology within the biomedical framework. Additionally, it investigates the resurgence of humanities in healthcare and its role in promoting patientcentered care. Through a comprehensive review of literature, this study traces the historical roots of medicine and examines the interdisciplinary intersections of neuroscience, psychiatry, neurology, and medical humanities. The exploration reveals the significant contributions of interdisciplinary approaches in enhancing patient-centered care, fostering a comprehensive understanding of health and well-being, and shaping modern healthcare practices. The integration of neuroscience and humanities offers valuable insights into the complexities of human health, bridging legacy practices with innovative approaches. Embracing this interdisciplinary perspective is crucial for promoting holistic healthcare, emphasizing patient-centered care, and enriching the understanding of health and well-being in contemporary healthcare settings.

A trajetória dos cuidados de saúde evoluiu das antigas práticas holísticas para o atual modelo biomédico, reflectindo a interação dinâmica entre o progresso científico, os avanços tecnológicos e a integração de valores humanísticos. Embora os avanços biomédicos tenham revolucionado os tratamentos médicos, há um reconhecimento emergente da importância de integrar as neurociências e as humanidades para promover a compreensão e os cuidados holísticos dos doentes. Este artigo tem como objetivo explorar o desenvolvimento histórico da medicina, salientando a convergência da neurociência, da psiquiatria e da neurologia no quadro biomédico. Além disso, investiga o ressurgimento das humanidades nos cuidados de saúde e o seu papel na promoção de cuidados centrados no doente. Através de uma revisão exaustiva da literatura, este estudo traça as raízes históricas da medicina e examina as intersecções interdisciplinares da neurociência, psiquiatria, neurologia e humanidades médicas. A exploração revela os contributos significativos das abordagens interdisciplinares para melhorar os cuidados centrados no doente, promover uma compreensão abrangente da saúde e do bem-estar e moldar as práticas modernas de cuidados de saúde. A integração das neurociências e das humanidades oferece conhecimentos valiosos sobre as complexidades da saúde humana, fazendo a ponte entre práticas antigas e abordagens inovadoras. A adoção desta perspetiva interdisciplinar é crucial para promover cuidados de saúde holísticos, enfatizando os cuidados centrados no doente e enriquecendo a compreensão da saúde e do bem-estar nos contextos de cuidados de saúde contemporâneos.

Espiritualidade e religiosidade como recurso de enfrentamento para pessoas com doença oncológica / Spirituality and religiosity as a coping resource for people with cancer / Espiritualidad y religiosidad como recurso de afrontamiento para las personas con câncer

Objetivo: O estudo visa analisar como a espiritualidade/religiosidade são importantes recursos de enfrentamento no processo de adoecimento e reabilitação em pessoas que recebem cuidados oncológicos. Visa-se descrever a percepção do papel desses recursos para as pessoas que recebem esses cuidados e investigar como ocorre a integração da fé na abordagem recebida por parte dos profissionais de saúde. Métodos: Trata-se de uma pesquisa de campo, descritiva e de cunho qualitativo, por meio de entrevistas com pessoas com doença oncológica assistidas pelo Instituto de prevenção do câncer Joel Magalhães-IJOMA nos meses de agosto/ setembro de 2021 e foram utilizados como instrumentos para a coleta de dados os questionários de caracterização e o questionário FICA. Resultados: Percebeu-se a importância de agregar a temática da espiritualidade/religiosidade no cuidado da pessoa com doença oncológica. Através das falas, identificou-se como a rede de apoio, os instrumentos para enfrentamento e a abordagem adequada do profissional são importantes recursos no decorrer do cuidado. Conclusão: É necessário ampliar a percepção dos profissionais de saúde acerca do cuidado holístico que abrange também a dimensão espiritual. Bem como propor uma intervenção consciente nos cuidados, ampliando os aspectos sociais e espirituais da pessoa, sem desprezar as práticas de Enfermagem e Ciência atuais. (AU)

Objective: The study aims to analyze how spirituality/religiosity are important coping resources in the process of illness and rehabilitation in people receiving cancer care. The aim is to describe the perception of the role of these resources for people who receive this care and investigate how the integration of faith in the approach received by health professionals occurs. Methods: This is a field research, descriptive and qualitative, through interviews with people with oncological disease assisted by the Joel Magalhães-IJOMA Cancer Prevention Institute in August/September 2021 and were used as instruments for data collection, the characterization questionnaires and the FICA questionnaire. Results: It was noticed the importance of adding the theme of religiosity/spirituality in the care of people with cancer. Through the speeches, it was identified as the support network, the coping instruments and the appropriate approach of the professional are important resources in the course of care. Conclusion: It is necessary to expand the perception of health professionals about holistic care that also encompasses the spiritual dimension. As well as proposing a conscious intervention in care, expanding the person's social and spiritual aspects, without neglecting current Nursing and Science practices. (AU)

Objetivo: El estudio tiene como objetivo analizar cómo la espiritualidad/religiosidad son importantes recursos de afrontamiento en el proceso de enfermedad y rehabilitación en personas que reciben atención oncológica. El objetivo es describir la percepción del papel de estos recursos para las personas que reciben este cuidado e investigar cómo se da la integración de la fe en el enfoque recibido por los profesionales de la salud. Métodos: Se trata de una investigación de campo, descriptiva y cualitativa, a través de entrevistas a personas con enfermedad oncológica asistidas por el Instituto de Prevención del Cáncer Joel Magalhães-IJOMA en agosto / septiembre de 2021 y se utilizaron como instrumentos para la recolección de datos, los cuestionarios de caracterización y el cuestionario FICA. Resultados: Se notó la importancia de incorporar el tema de la espiritualidad/religiosidad en la atención de las personas con cáncer. A través de los discursos, se identificó como la red de apoyo, los instrumentos de afrontamiento y el adecuado abordaje del profesional son recursos importantes en el curso de la atención. Conclusion: Es necesario ampliar la percepción de los profesionales de la salud sobre el cuidado holístico que englobe también la dimensión espiritual. Además de proponer una intervención consciente en el cuidado, ampliando los aspectos sociales y espirituales de la persona, sin descuidar las prácticas actuales de Enfermería y Ciencia. (AU)

Effect of COVID-19 on chronic care management in primary health settings

The COVID-19 outbreak has brought changes to the management of conditions in primary healthcare settings, leading to a reassessment of current practices and the adoption of innovative approaches. This article examines the symptoms and treatment methods that have emerged in response to the challenges posed by the pandemic. We explore how disruptions in care for people with illnesses and the complex relationship between chronic diseases and COVID-19 severity have influenced healthcare delivery. Additionally, we discuss the increased reliance on telehealth services, which have been crucial in ensuring patient care but have also revealed disparities in access and digital literacy. The need for a patient-centered approach is emphasized through a reevaluation of care delivery models- heightened attention to psychosocial factors. We also delve into the challenges related to resource allocation adjustments to treatment plans and the psychological impact on patients dealing with diseases. Finally, we highlight opportunities for the management of chronic conditions in the future through better integration of telehealth services and an enhanced focus on patient empowerment and preventive care. As healthcare systems adapt to this evolving landscape, there are lessons from this pandemic that can inform more patient-centric and adaptable strategies for managing chronic conditions.

Challenges， countermeasures and key points of ethical review for decentralized clinical trials / 中国医学伦理学

Decentralized clinical trials （DCT） are bringing new changes to clinical trials， the core concept of “patient-centered” must be adhered， and the safety and rights of research participants must be adequately safeguarded. Although DCTs have similarities with traditional clinical trials， they are not suitable for all clinical trials， and are more suitable for oral administration， stable condition of study participants， and longer duration of treatment in clinical trials. DCT， elements must be selected based on the characteristics of clinical trials， and strike a balance between improving the sense of gain， safety， and rights and dignity of research participants， as well as the quality of data collected. Currently， DCT in China face many challenges. To actively promote DCTs in China， regulatory regulations and guiding principles should be improved. Based on patient-centered design principles， the first discussion requires real-time online communication. Researchers should provide more clinical trial services， improve risk control and accessibility of medical assistance， use third-party convenient payments， ensure fair recruitment of research participants， consider compliance， validate digital health technology， remote monitoring and electronic informed consent compliance， ensure the security of data collection， transmission， and analysis， as well as strengthen multi-party training. Ethical review is one of the important means to protect the safety and rights of research participants. Ethics committees should focus on appropriate DCTs elements that are patient-centered， compliance and effectiveness of electronic informed consent， processing and reporting of security information， privacy protection of data collection， compliance of remote monitoring， family health follow-up， management of biological samples and experimental medical products， and training programs. The author believed that the complementarity and combination with traditional clinical trials will make DCTs elements implemented more easily and smoothly. By leveraging the power of scientific and technological advances， DCTs will boost the speed of China’s drug and medical device research and development， enhance international competitiveness， and benefit more patients.

Consideration on " Patient-Centered" Drug Development for Rare Diseases / 罕见病研究

The unmet clinical needs of patients with rare diseases persist. Many rare diseases lack effective treatments, and drug development for rare diseases faces greater challenges than that for common multiple diseases. In recent years, the concept of " patient-centered" drug development has been widely adopted. The Center for Drug Evaluation(CDE) of the National Medical Products Administration has successively issued a series of relevant guiding principles, such as the Technical Guidelines for the Implementation of Patient-Centered Clinical Trials, to promote a " patient-centered" drug development model. The implementation of the " patient-centered" approach in rare disease drug research and development, with a focus on patient perspectives and active engagement, can effectively facilitate a comprehensive understanding of rare diseases and patient needs among drug research and development enterprises, researchers, and regulatory agencies. This approach also enhances the accuracy and efficiency of rare disease drug research and development. The CDE will continue to prioritize the integration of the " patient-centered" concept into rare disease drug research and development, effectively enhance the involvement of rare patients in the drug research and development process, and leverage the guiding role of patients′ perspectives on drug research and development.

The Practice of Cross-Cultural Medical Services in the United States and Its Enlightenment to China / 中国医学伦理学

This paper collected and sorted out the cross-cultural medical practice in the top 20 US hospitals in 2019-2020 through web surveys, and summarized the concepts, featured projects and models of cross-cultural medical services in American hospitals. Generally, hospitals in the US advocate the service concept of "patient-centered", provide full-process services before, during and after the treatment, involving appointments, accommodation, transportation, language translation, medical process management, etc., and attach great importance to the role of culture factors in medical treatment and cross-cultural medical education and training for employees. On this basis, it is proposed that Chinese medical institutions should focus on the following aspects in the development of foreign-related medical services: conform to international medical service concepts and standards, improve the cross-cultural medical competence of medical staff and other groups, explore cross-cultural medical service models with localized characteristics, and build the international image of the hospital with the construction of international environment.

Challenges of ethical review in patient-centered clinical trials / 中国医学伦理学

Patient-centered clinical trials refer to clinical trials that take participant’ needs as the starting point， regard participant as active participants， and take clinical values as the ultimate goals. This concept has become the core guiding ideology of current pharmaceutical research and development， and the model of the patient-centered clinical trial will gradually become the mainstream model of pharmaceutical research and development. Patient-centered clinical trials in China have challenges such as difficulty in changing the way of trial thinking and quality control， increased difficulty in participant’ privacy protection， lack of training for all research parties， and unfair recruitment of research participants. Then suggestions were proposed for patient-centered clinical trials in China from three aspects， including relevant departments provide more policy support， sponsors and relevant third parties timely transform ideas of research and development， as well as researchers and research participants strengthen awareness. This paper also put forward the key points of ethical review of patient-centered clinical trials from 8 aspects， including the trial design that incorporated preference information on patients and took into account the assessment of clinical outcomes， protection of the safety and rights of research participants， recruitment based on the needs of research participants， acceptable informed consent， the rationality of selection of decentralssed clinical trials elements， privacy protection of research participants， training and education of researchers and research participants， and compensation and indemnity of research participants， so as to standardize the ethics review of patient-centered clinical trials and ensure the quality of patient-centered clinical trials.

Tuberculosis in adolescence: an integrative review focusing on patient-centered care / Tuberculose na adolescência: uma revisão integrativa com foco no cuidado centrado no paciente

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify how patient-centered care has been addressed in tuberculosis studies with adolescents. Data source: We searched for articles published in Portuguese, Spanish and English in the Virtual Health Library (LILACS), PubMed (MedLine), and Scopus (Elsevier) databases, from 2000 to 2020, using descriptors (DeCS, MeSH) in Portuguese and English. Data synthesis: 1,322 studies were identified, of which 18 were selected. The main themes found were related to adherence to tuberculosis treatment, knowledge, attitudes and practices, health education, and public policies. Conclusions: We observed that both the number of researchers dedicated to the topic and the presence of a truly person-centered view are still scarce elements in tuberculosis among adolescents research.

RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar, por meio de uma revisão integrativa, como o cuidado centrado no paciente tem sido abordado nos estudos de tuberculose com adolescentes. Fontes de dados: Buscamos artigos publicados em português, espanhol e inglês nas bases de dados da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde - BVS (LILACS), PubMed (MedLine) e Scopus (Elsevier), de 2000 a 2020, utilizando descritores (DeCS, MeSH) em português e inglês. Síntese dos dados: Foram identificados 1.322 estudos, dos quais 18 foram selecionados. Os principais temas encontrados foram relacionados à adesão ao tratamento da tuberculose, conhecimentos, atitudes e práticas, educação em saúde e políticas públicas. Conclusões: Observamos que tanto o número de pesquisadores dedicados ao tema quanto a presença de uma visão verdadeiramente centrada na pessoa ainda são elementos escassos na pesquisa da tuberculose entre adolescentes.

As redes vivas na produção do cuidado com o usuário na centralidade do tratamento para tuberculose multidroga resistente / Las redes vivas en la producción del cuidado con el usuario en la centralidad del tratamiento para la tuberculosis multidrogo resistente / Live networks in care production with the user at the center of the treatment for multidrugresistant tuberculosis

Vivenciamos a trajetória de uma usuária-guia no tratamento para tuberculose multidroga resistente (TB-MDR). As narrativas das redes vivas na produção de cuidado apontam para os seguintes itens: 1) cuidar no ato de viver: suplantar os estigmas e cultivar vínculos que ajudem a superar os discursos fomentados pelo medo, preconceitos, exclusão e invisibilidade dos sujeitos; 2) redes vivas de cuidado: os entremeios da norma; e 3) as interfaces de atenção usuário-trabalhador da saúde: como desmistificar o julgamento dos trabalhadores da saúde, que, subordinados a protocolos limitantes, muitas vezes estigmatizam o usuário como "abandonador de tratamento"?. A usuária-guia vislumbrou que cuidar é se desterritorializar, é colocar os desejos como potência para transformação, saindo do modus operandi rumo à criatividade, tendo o usuário no centro do processo. (AU)

Presenciamos la trayectoria de una usuaria-guía en el tratamiento para tuberculosis multidrogo resistente (TB-MDR). Las narrativas de las Redes Vivas en la producción de cuidado señalan: 1) cuidar en el acto de vivir: suplantar los estigmas y cultivar vínculos que ayuden a superar los discursos fomentados por el miedo, prejuicios, exclusión e invisibilidad de los sujetos. 2) Redes Vivas de cuidado: los entresijos de la norma y 3) las interfaces de atención usuario-trabajador de la salud: ¿cómo desmistificar el juicio de los trabajadores de la salud quienes, subordinados a protocolos limitantes, muchas veces estigmatizan al usuario como "abandonador de tratamiento"? La usuaria-guía vislumbró que cuidar es desterritorializarse, es colocar los deseos como potencia para trasformación, saliendo del modus operandi rumbo a la creatividad, colocando al usuario en el centro del proceso. (AU)

We followed the trajectory of a guiding user undergoing treatment for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). The narratives of Live Networks in care production showed: 1) Caring in the act of living: Overcoming stigmas and cultivating bonds that help overcome discourses fostered by fear, prejudice, exclusion and invisibility of subjects; 2) Live Networks of care: The in-betweens of the norm; and 3) Interfaces of user-health worker care: How can we demystify the judgment of health workers who, subordinated to limiting protocols, often stigmatize the user as someone who "abandons the treatment"? The guiding user perceived that caring means deterritorializing oneself, expressing one's desires as power for transformation, and leaving the modus operandi towards creativity, with the user at the center of the process. (AU)

Consensus of the Brazilian association of hematology, hemotherapy and cellular therapy on patient blood management: Definition of Patient Blood Management

Abstract Managing the patient's blood and hematopoietic system is like managing any of the other organs and organ systems during patient care. Specialists control the heart, kidneys, endocrine system, etc. and the patient's blood requires similar clinical treatment. The hematopoietic system and its circulatory products are fundamental for the healthy functioning of the human body. In simple terms, Patient Blood Management (PBM) is an organized, patient-centered approach in which the entire healthcare team coordinates efforts to improve outcomes by managing and preserving the patient's own blood. By reducing dependence on blood transfusions, PBM seeks to improve clinical outcomes, reduce the risks and costs associated with transfusions, and improve the safety and quality of patient care. Essentially, the concept of PBM is about the holistic management and preservation of the patient's own blood in the medical and surgical context.

Evaluation of empathy in nursing students / Evaluación de la empatía en estudiantes de enfermería / Avaliação da empatia em estudantes de enfermagem

ABSTRACT Objective: to compare empathy levels among nursing students at different course stages considering gender and age. Method: this study was conducted at the Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein, employing a quantitative, descriptive, comparative and cross-sectional approach. The sample included 169 four-year Nursing undergraduate students. A sociodemographic questionnaire was used to collect information from August 2020 to April 2022 and the Multidimensional Interpersonal Reactivity Scale was used to measure empathy. The relationships between empathy and independent variables were analyzed using linear models and presented with estimated means, confidence intervals and p-values, with a significance level of 5%. Results: the comparison of empathy levels in different course periods did not reveal significant relationships with the course year. However, the lowest score on the three subscales occurred in the fourth year. When analyzing the relationship between course years and gender, no subscale showed significant differences. A significant difference in the Empathic Consideration subscale emerged in the second year when separating by course year, with higher scores for females. Conclusion: the study highlights the continued importance of teaching empathy in nursing training. Therefore, the use of the Multidimensional Interpersonal Reactivity Scale proves to be valuable for evaluating interventions and offering support for adjustments in educational strategies. Commitment to improving empathy throughout professional training and practice is essential to ensure truly patient-centered healthcare.

RESUMEN Objetivo: comparar los niveles de empatía entre estudiantes de enfermería en diferentes etapas de graduación, considerando género y edad. Método: estudio realizado en la Facultad Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein, con enfoque cuantitativo, descriptivo, comparativo y transversal. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 169 estudiantes de pregrado en Enfermería de cuatro años. Se utilizó un cuestionario sociodemográfico para recolectar información de agosto de 2020 a abril de 2022 y la Escala de Reactividad Interpersonal Multidimensional para medir la empatía. Las relaciones entre empatía y variables independientes se analizaron mediante modelos lineales y se presentaron con medias estimadas, intervalos de confianza y valores p, con un nivel de significancia del 5%. Resultados: la comparación de los niveles de empatía en diferentes períodos de graduación no reveló relaciones significativas con el año de graduación. Sin embargo, la puntuación más baja en las tres subescalas se produjo en el cuarto año. Al analizar la relación entre años de graduación y género, ninguna subescala mostró diferencias significativas. Al separar por año de graduación, la diferencia significativa en la subescala de Consideración Empática surgió en el segundo año, con puntuaciones más altas para las mujeres. Conclusión: el estudio destaca la importancia continua de enseñar la empatía en la formación de enfermería. Por lo tanto, el uso de la Escala Multidimensional de Reactividad Interpersonal resulta valiosa para evaluar intervenciones y ofrecer apoyo para ajustes en las estrategias educativas. El compromiso de mejorar la empatía a lo largo de la formación y la práctica profesional es esencial para garantizar una atención sanitaria verdaderamente centrada en el paciente.

RESUMO Objetivo: comparar os níveis de empatia entre estudantes de enfermagem em diferentes estágios da graduação, considerando gênero e idade. Método: estudo conduzido na Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein, com abordagem quantitativa, descritiva, comparativa e transversal. A amostra incluiu 169 alunos dos quatro anos de graduação em Enfermagem. Utilizou-se um questionário sociodemográfico para coletar informações no período de agosto de 2020 a abril de 2022 e a Escala Multidimensional de Reatividade Interpessoal para mensurar empatia. As relações entre empatia e variáveis independentes foram analisadas, utilizando modelos lineares e apresentados com médias estimadas, intervalos de confiança e valores-p, com nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: a comparação dos níveis de empatia em diferentes períodos da graduação não revelou relações significativas com o ano de graduação. No entanto, o menor escore nas três subescalas ocorreu no quarto ano. Ao analisar a relação entre anos de graduação e gênero, nenhuma subescala apresentou diferenças significativas. Ao separar por ano de graduação, a diferença significativa na subescala Consideração Empática surgiu no segundo ano, com escores mais altos para o gênero feminino. Conclusão: o estudo destaca a importância contínua do ensino de empatia na formação em enfermagem. Assim, a utilização da Escala Multidimensional de Reatividade Interpessoal se mostra valiosa para avaliar intervenções e oferecer subsídios para ajustes nas estratégias educacionais. O compromisso com o aprimoramento da empatia ao longo da formação e prática profissional é essencial para garantir uma assistência de saúde verdadeiramente centrada no paciente.

Consensus of the Brazilian association of hematology, hemotherapy and cellular therapy on patient blood management: Management of critical bleeding

Abstract The management of major bleeding is a critical aspect of modern healthcare and it is imperative to emphasize the importance of applying Patient Blood Management (PBM) principles. Although transfusion support remains a vital component of bleeding control, treating severe bleeding goes beyond simply replacing lost blood. A more comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach is essential to optimize patient outcomes and minimize the risks associated with excessive transfusions.

Integration of clinical research and medical care, slow but continuing effective future

The demarcation between research and medical practice appears partly blurred as they often coexist together while still having significant differences between them. The prospective complete merger still seems to have a bright future that could benefit humankind. The goal of medical practice is to provide the diagnosis, palliative or curative therapy, preventative therapy and the term "research" is recognized as a pursuit to investigate a hypothesis and pull conclusions to develop the theory or contribute to generalizable knowledge. A clinical trial is usually described as a clinical research study protocol with certain objectives and steps to accomplish those objectives. Integrating evidence-based medicine in medical practice requires combining patient-targeted treatment and research and overcoming all possible methodological, organizational, and cultural challenges while integrating the teaching healthcare system.

Transición del cuidado de pacientes con enfermedades crónicas y su relación con las características clínicas y sociodemográficas / Transition of care of patients with chronic diseases and its relation with clinical and sociodemographic characteristics / Transição do cuidado de pacientes com doenças crônicas e sua relação com as características clínicas e sociodemográficas

Objetivo: evaluar la transición del cuidado desde la perspectiva de las personas que viven con enfermedades crónicas e identificar su relación con las características clínicas y sociodemográficas. Método: estudio transversal, con 487 pacientes dados de alta de un hospital. Se utilizaron los instrumentos de caracterización clínica, sociodemográfica y Care Transitions Measure-15, que mide los factores Preparación para el automanejo, Preferencias aseguradas, Comprensión sobre medicamentos y Plan de cuidados. Análisis estadístico descriptivo e inferencial. Resultados: la transición del cuidado fue satisfactoria (76,8±10,4). Media de factores: Preparación para el automanejo (82,2±10,8), Preferencias aseguradas (84,7±14,3), Comprensión sobre medicamentos (75,7±13,7) y Plan de Cuidados (64,5±13,2). Pacientes del sexo femenino presentaron mayor promedio en el factor comprensión sobre medicamentos. Los blancos y los residentes en áreas urbanas calificaron mejor el Plan de cuidados. La media más alta se observó para el factor Preferencias aseguradas (84,7±14,3) y la más baja para el factor Plan de cuidados (64,5±13,2). En todos los factores se encontraron diferencias significativas en las variables (paciente quirúrgico, tener artefactos clínicos y no estar hospitalizado por COVID-19). Los pacientes internados hasta cinco días presentaron diferencia estadística en los factores Preparación para el automanejo y Comprensión sobre medicamentos. En los pacientes que no reingresaron dentro de los 30 días posteriores al alta, la preparación para el automanejo fue mejor. Cuanto mejor sea la preparación para el automanejo, menores serán las tasas de reingreso a los 30 días. Conclusión: en pacientes que viven con enfermedades crónicas, variables sociodemográficas y clínicas están asociadas a la transición del cuidado. Los pacientes que evaluaron mejor la preparación para el automanejo tuvieron menos reingresos dentro de los 30 días.

Objective: evaluate the transition of care from the perspective of people living with chronic diseases and identify its relation with clinical and sociodemographic characteristics. Method: cross-sectional study with 487 patients who were discharged from a hospital. Clinical and sociodemographic characterization instruments were used, as well as the Care Transitions Measure-15, which measures Preparation for self-management, Secured preferences, Understanding about medications and Care plan factors. Descriptive and inferential statistical analysis. Results: the transition of care was satisfactory (76.8±10.4). Average of the factors: Preparation for self-management (82.2±10.8), Secured preferences (84.7±14.3), Understanding about medications (75.7±13.7) and Care plan (64.5±13.2). Female patients had a higher average in the understanding about medications factor. Whites and residents in the urban area better evaluated the Care plan factor. The highest mean was observed for the Secured preferences factor (84.7±14.3) and the lowest for the Care plan factor (64.5±13.2). In all factors, significant differences were found in the variables (surgical patient, carrying clinical artifacts and not being hospitalized for COVID-19). Patients hospitalized for up to five days showed statistical difference in Preparation for self-management and Understanding about medications factors. In patients who were not readmitted within 30 days of discharge, Preparation for self-management was better. The better the Preparation for self-management, the lower the 30-day readmission rates. Conclusion: in patients living with chronic diseases, sociodemographic and clinical variables are associated with the transition of care. Patients who better evaluated preparation for self-management had fewer readmissions within 30 days.

Objetivo: avaliar a transição do cuidado na perspectiva de pessoas que vivem com doenças crônicas e identificar sua relação com as características clínicas e sociodemográficas. Método: estudo transversal, com 487 pacientes que receberam alta de um hospital. Foram utilizados instrumentos de caracterização clínica, sociodemográfica e Care Transitions Measure-15, que mensura os fatores Preparo para o autogerenciamento, Preferências asseguradas, Entendimento das medicações e Plano de cuidados. Análise estatística descritiva e inferencial. Resultados: a transição do cuidado foi satisfatória (76,8±10,4). Média dos fatores: preparo para o autogerenciamento (82,2±10,8), Preferências asseguradas (84,7±14,3), Entendimento das medicações (75,7±13,7) e Plano de Cuidados (64,5±13,2). Pacientes do sexo feminino apresentaram média superior no fator entendimento sobre medicações. Brancos e residentes na zona urbana avaliaram melhor o Plano de cuidados. Observou-se a maior média no fator Preferências asseguradas (84,7±14,3) e a menor no fator Plano de cuidados (64,5±13,2). Em todos os fatores, foram encontradas diferenças significativas nas variáveis (paciente cirúrgico, portar artefatos clínicos e não estar internado por COVID-19). Pacientes internados até cinco dias apresentaram diferença estatística nos fatores Preparação para o autogerenciamento e Entendimento das medicações. Em pacientes que não apresentaram reinternação em 30 dias após a alta, o Preparo para o autogerenciamento foi melhor. Quanto melhor o Preparo para o autogerenciamento, menores são os índices de reinternação em 30 dias. Conclusão: em pacientes que vivem com doenças crônicas, variáveis sociodemográficas e clínicas estão associadas à transição do cuidado. Pacientes que avaliaram melhor o preparo para autogerenciamento tiveram menos reinternações em 30 dias.

Portuguese translation, cultural adaptation, and validation of the Person-Centred Practice Inventory - Staff (PCPI-S) / Tradução, adaptação cultural e validação do Inventário da Prática Centrada na Pessoa, profissionais de saúde (PCPI-S)

Abstract Aiming to translate, culturally adapt, and psychometrically evaluate the Person-centred Practice Inventory - Staff (PCPI-S) for Portuguese healthcare professionals, this methodological study was conducted sequentially in two phases. Phase I followed the 10-steps recommendations from the ISPOR taskforce for translation and cultural adaptation of patient reported outcome measures. Phase II comprised a quantitative cross-sectional virtual survey of the translated PCPI-S with healthcare professionals, who were reached through snowball sampling from both primary and specialized care settings. The psychometric properties of the PCPI-S were determined by assessing reliability and construct validity. A sample of 304 healthcare professionals participated in Phase II. Ceiling effects were found. The overall internal consistency was excellent (> 0.9). The confirmatory factor analysis showed a good model fit after minor modifications, revealing construct validity, and supporting the theoretical framework. In conclusion, the three-factorial model of PCPI-S adjusted to the studied sample is a valid and reliable instrument to assess the perceptions of healthcare professionals on person-centred practice in various Portuguese clinical contexts. Considering the ceiling effects, the effect of social desirability should be explored.

Resumo Com o objetivo de traduzir, adaptar culturalmente e avaliar psicometricamente o Inventário para a Prática Centrada na Pessoa para profissionais de saúde (PCPI-S) em diversos contextos de prestação de cuidados, este estudo metodológico realizou-se em duas fases sequenciais. A Fase I seguiu as recomendações de dez etapas da taskforce da ISPOR para tradução e adaptação cultural de medidas de resultados auto reportados. A Fase II incluiu um estudo cross-sectional do PCPI-S traduzido com profissionais de saúde, que foram alcançados por meio de amostragem snowball em contextos de cuidados primários e diferenciados. A psicometria do PCPI-S foi analisada pela avaliação da confiabilidade e validade de construto. Uma amostra de 304 profissionais de saúde participou da Fase II. Efeitos de teto foram encontrados. A consistência interna geral foi excelente (> 0,9). A análise fatorial confirmatória mostrou um bom ajuste do modelo e validade de construto, refletindo o referencial teórico. Concluindo, o modelo tri-fatorial do PCPI-S ajustado à amostra estudada é um instrumento válido e fiável para avaliar as percepções dos profissionais de saúde sobre a prática centrada na pessoa em vários contextos de cuidados portugueses. Considerando os efeitos teto, a desejabilidade social deve ser explorada.

A patient and family-centered quality management model in intensive care / Un modelo de gestión de la calidad centrado en el paciente y su familia en cuidado intensivo

Abstract This paper is focused on the development of a proposal for implementing a quality management model with the central axis being a patient and family-centered care process in the intensive care unit. Expert recommendations and best practices developed by different certification initiatives for reaching high standards of quality have been gathered to solve the users' needs, considering their preferences and service expectations. (Acta Med Colomb 2022; 48. DOI:https://doi.org/10.36104/amc.2023.2619).

Resumen El presente escrito está centrado en el desarrollo de una propuesta de implementación de un modelo de gestión de la calidad, teniendo como eje central el proceso de atención centrada en el paciente y la familia en la unidad de cuidado intensivo. Se recogen las recomendaciones de expertos y las mejores prácticas que han sido formuladas por diferentes iniciativas de certificación para alcanzar altos estándares de calidad, que permitan resolver las necesidades de los usuarios teniendo en cuenta sus preferencias y expectativas de servicio. (Acta Med Colomb 2022; 48. DOI:https://doi.org/10.36104/amc.2023.2619).

Cuidados del adulto mayor que reside en zonas montañosas: importancia del conocimiento del profesional de enfermería

El cuidado en enfermería debe abordarse desde una perspectiva holística que permita cubrir las necesidades reales de los pacientes en su entorno. El enfermero tiene entre sus funciones la de ayudar al anciano enfermo o sano a realizar las actividades que contribuyen a su salud, a la recuperación o una muerte tranquila en la comunidad. Este artículo tiene como objetivo reflexionar sobre el papel que juegan los enfermeros en la atención al adulto mayor que reside en zonas montañosas y la importancia que recobra el elevar los conocimientos de esos profesionales en este sentido.

Nursing care must be approached from a holistic perspective that allows covering the patients' real needs in their environment. One of the functions of the nurse is to help the sick or healthy elderly person to carry out the activities that contribute to their health, recovery or a peaceful death in the community. This article aims to reflect on the role that nurses play in caring for the elderly who live in mountainous areas and the importance of increasing these professionals' knowledge of in this regard.

Afinal, quem é "difícil"? Revisão integrativa sobre pacientes, médicos e relações difíceis / In the final analysis, who is "problematic"? An integrative review of patients, physicians and problematic relationships

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi sintetizar a literatura sobre as características de pacientes, médicos e relações médico-paciente consideradas "difíceis". Foi realizada uma revisão integrativa de estudos primários publicados entre janeiro de 2016 e setembro de 2021, em português, inglês e espanhol. De 3.414 artigos identificados nas bases Embase, PubMed, Scopus e Lilacs, 19 foram analisados qualitativamente. Sete estudos foram efetuados na Europa, oito na América do Norte, dois na América do Sul e dois na China, totalizando 1.694 pacientes, 1.903 médicos assistentes, 101 residentes e 160 acadêmicos de medicina. Médicos e/ou acadêmicos de medicina consideravam difíceis os pacientes com: condições clínicas como doenças psicossomáticas e crônicas; sintomas e queixas como dor; emoções fortes; problemas na obtenção e no compartilhamento de informações, nas tomadas de decisão, na adesão ao plano terapêutico e no seu autocuidado; e certas características sociodemográficas e de vulnerabilidade. Pacientes ou seus familiares consideravam difíceis os médicos que não os escutavam, eram preconceituosos e pareciam não se importar com seus filhos, entre outros aspectos. Sugere-se o ensino de comunicação médica e intervenções sistêmicas para melhorar as relações médico-paciente.

Abstract The scope of this study was to assess the literature on the characteristics of patients, physicians, and physician-patient relationships considered 'problematic.' An integrative review of primary studies published between January 1, 2016, and September 30, 2021, in Portuguese, English and Spanish was conducted, Of the 3,414 papers identified in the PubMed, Embase, Scopus and Lilacs databases, 19 were selected for qualitative analysis. Seven studies were carried out in Europe, eight in North America, two in South America and two in China, totaling 1,694 patients, 1,903 assistant physicians, 101 residents and 160 medical academics. Physicians and academics considered the following to be problematic: patients with clinical conditions such as psychosomatic and chronic illnesses; symptoms and complaints such as pain; powerful emotions; problems in obtaining and sharing information, in decision-making, in the adherence to the therapeutic plan and in their self-care; and some sociodemographic and vulnerability characteristics. Among other aspects, patients, or their relatives, considered physicians to be problematic when they did not listen to them or appear to care about their children, Teaching medical communication and systemic interventions are recommended to improve physician-patient relationships.