Relaciones entre apoyo social, salud autopercibida y satisfacción vital: una comparación entre estudiantes universitarios heterosexuales y LGB+ en Chile / Relationships between social support, self-perceived health, and life satisfaction: A comparison between heterosexual and LGB+ university students in Chile

Resumen Introducción: Existe un creciente interés en la relación entre la orientación sexual de una persona y su bienestar subjetivo, por el vínculo de dicha orientación con diversas esferas de la vida, como apoyo social, salud y satisfacción vital. Sin embargo, la investigación sobre la relación entre estas variables en función de la orientación sexual es escasa en población universitaria. Este estudio examina la asociación entre el apoyo de familia, amistades y otras personas con la satisfacción vital, de forma directa y mediada por la salud autopercibida; se comparan estas relaciones en estudiantes universitarios heterosexuales y lesbianas, gays, bisexuales y de otras orientaciones no heterosexuales (LGB+) en Chile. Método: La muestra (n = 525) respondió un cuestionario en línea con preguntas sociodemográficas, sobre apoyo social percibido, salud autopercibida y satisfacción vital. Los datos se analizaron utilizando un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales y análisis multigrupo. Resultados: El apoyo familiar se asoció positivamente con la satisfacción vital, directamente y mediado por la salud autopercibida, tanto en estudiantes heterosexuales como LGB+; el apoyo de amigos y de otras personas mostró asociaciones diferenciadas por orientación sexual. Sin embargo, este modelo fue estadísticamente similar para ambos grupos. Conclusiones: Estos hallazgos destacan la relevancia de distintos tipos de apoyo social en la satisfacción vital de estudiantes universitarios según su orientación sexual.

Abstract Introduction: The literature shows an increasing interest in the relationship between individuals' sexual orientation and their subjective well-being, linking the former to various spheres of life, such as social support, health, and life satisfaction. However, research on the impact of sexual orientation in the relationship between subjective well-being variables is scarce in the university population. This study examined the associations between support from family, friends and other people with life satisfaction, directly and mediated by self-perceived health, comparing these relationships in heterosexual and lesbian, gay, bisexual and other non-heterosexual (LGB+) university students in Chile. Method: The sample (n = 525) answered an online questionnaire with sociodemographic questions about perceived social support, self-perceived health, and life satisfaction. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling and multigroup analysis. Results: Family support was positively associated with life satisfaction, directly and mediated by self-perceived health, in both heterosexual and LGB+ students; support from friends and others showed differential associations by sexual orientation. However, the proposed model was statistically similar for both groups. Conclusion: These findings highlight the relevance of different types of support on the life satisfaction of university students according to their sexual orientation.

Validity evidence for the Family Role Overload Scale

Role overload in the family can be understood as a feeling of inability to complete duties that are the individual's responsibility, and this hardship occurs due to the accumulation of tasks in the family, which can cause discomfort. The aim of this study was to obtain valid evidence of Family Role Overload in Brazilian samples. Six hundred and forty Brazilian workers of both genders took part in the study. Confirmatory factor analyses showed that the Brazilian version remained single-factor and had six items. The multi-group analyses showed configural, metric, and scalar invariance between the groups divided in terms of gender and the existence or absence of children. The scale showed positive correlations with perceived family demands and family-work conflict and a negative correlation with perceived social support in the family. It was therefore concluded that the instrument had psychometric properties that recommend its use in future research.

A sobrecarga de papeis na família pode ser compreendida como sentimento de incapacidade em concluir obrigações que são de responsabilidade do indivíduo, e essa dificuldade acontece devido ao acúmulo de tarefas na família, que podem trazer desconforto. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo obter evidências de validade da Sobrecarga de Papéis na Família em amostras brasileiras. Participaram do estudo 640 trabalhadores brasileiros, de ambos os gêneros. As análises fatoriais confirmatórias evidenciaram que a versão brasileira se manteve unifatorial e com seis itens. As análises multigrupo atestaram a invariância configural, métrica e escalar entre os grupos divididos em termos de gênero e sobre a presença ou ausência de filhos. A escala apresentou correlações positivas com demandas percebidas da família e conflito família-trabalho e correlação negativa com suporte social percebido na família. Concluiu-se, assim, que o instrumento apresentou propriedades psicométricas que recomendam seu uso em investigações futuras.

La sobrecarga de rol en la familia puede ser entendida como un sentimiento de incapacidad para completar las obligaciones que son responsabilidad del individuo, y esta dificultad ocurre debido a la acumulación de tareas en la familia, lo que puede causar malestar. El objetivo de este estudio fue obtener evidencias de la validez de la Escala de Sobrecarga del Rol Familiar en muestras brasileñas. Participaron en el estudio 640 trabajadores brasileños de ambos sexos. Los análisis factoriales confirmatorios mostraron que la versión brasileña se mantuvo monofactorial y con seis ítems. Los análisis multigrupo mostraron invariancia configuracional, métrica y escalar entre los grupos divididos en función del género y de la presencia o ausencia de hijos. La escala mostró correlaciones positivas con las demandas familiares percibidas y el conflicto familia-trabajo y una correlación negativa con el apoyo social percibido en la familia. Por lo tanto, se concluyó que el instrumento posee propiedades psicométricas que recomiendan su uso en futuras investigaciones.

Relação entre apoio social e sono de pessoas idosas cuidadoras em vulnerabilidade social / Relationship between social support and sleep of elderly caregivers in social vulnerability / Relación entre apoyo social y sueño de adultos mayores cuidadores con vulnerabilidad social

Objetivo: analisar a relação entre apoio social e qualidade do sono de pessoas idosas que cuidam de outros idosos em ambiente de vulnerabilidade social. Método: estudo transversal realizado com 65 cuidadores entrevistados por meio de instrumento de caracterização, Índice de Katz, Escala de Lawton e Brody, Índice de Qualidade do Sono de Pittsburgh e Escala de Apoio Social do Medical Outcomes Study, com dados analisados com testes de comparação e de correlação. Resultados: a maioria eram mulheres, cônjuges do idoso cuidado e possuíam sono de má qualidade. Observou-se correlação fraca e inversa entre má qualidade do sono e a dimensão interação social positiva (Rho=-0,27; p=0,028). Identificou-se relação significativa entre: apoio material e disfunção diurna (p=0,034); apoio afetivo e eficiência do sono (p=0,026); interação social positiva e qualidade subjetiva do sono (p=0,001) e disfunção diurna (p=0,008). Conclusão: Quanto maior a interação social positiva, melhor é a qualidade do sono.

Objective: to analyze the relationship between social support and sleep quality of elderly individuals who care for other elderly individuals in a socially vulnerable environment. Method: a cross-sectional study conducted with 65 caregivers interviewed using a characterization instrument, Katz Index, Lawton and Brody Scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Scale, with data analyzed using comparison and correlation tests. Results: the majority were women, spouses of the elderly being cared for, and had poor sleep quality. A weak and inverse correlation was observed between poor sleep quality and the positive social interaction dimension (Rho=-0.27; p=0.028). Significant relationships were identified between: material support and daytime dysfunction (p=0.034); emotional support and sleep efficiency (p=0.026); positive social interaction and subjective sleep quality (p=0.001), as well as daytime dysfunction (p=0.008). Conclusion: The higher the positive social interaction, the better the sleep quality.

Objetivo: analizar la relación entre el apoyo social y la calidad del sueño de personas mayores que cuidan de otras personas mayores en entornos socialmente vulnerables. Método: estudio transversal realizado con 65 cuidadores entrevistados mediante un instrumento de caracterización, Índice de Katz, Escala de Lawton y Brody, Índice de Calidad del Sueño de Pittsburgh y Escala de Apoyo Social del Medical Outcomes Study, los datos fueron analizados mediante pruebas de comparación y correlación. Resultados: la mayoría eran mujeres, cónyuges del adulto mayor que recibe el cuidado y tenían mala calidad del sueño. Se observó una correlación débil e inversa entre la mala calidad del sueño y la dimensión de interacción social positiva (Rho=-0,27; p=0,028). Se identificó que había relación significativa entre: apoyo material y disfunción diurna (p=0,034); apoyo afectivo y eficiencia del sueño (p=0,026); interacción social positiva y calidad subjetiva del sueño (p=0,001) y disfunción diurna (p=0,008). Conclusión: Cuanto mayor sea la interacción social positiva, mejor será la calidad del sueño.

Correlations between academic burnout, coping and social support in college students / Correlaciones entre burnout académico, afrontamiento y apoyo social en estudiantes universitarios

Abstract The study was proposed due to the perception of the scarcity of studies on the correlation between burnout, coping and social support. Thus, the present study aimed to verify the prevalence of academic burnout and its correlations with coping strategies and social support in students of health courses. The sample consisted of 173 participants, ages between 18 and 30 years (M = 23.71; SD = 7.04). For data collection we used: Sociodemographic questionnaire, Maslach Burnout Inventory for students (MBI-SS), Brief COPE (coping inventory) and Social Support Satisfaction Scale for higher education students (SSSS). The results revealed correlations between the dimensions of emotional exhaustion and cynicism, with family support satisfaction [F (3. 201752) = 9184.986, p < .001; r2 = .12] and F (3.168) = 8.473, p < .001; r2 = .131]. Referring to the correlations between coping strategies with the other study variables, the sample most frequently used emotion-focused coping in the strategies of Self-blaming (r = .290, p<.001); Substance Use (r = .241, p<.01); Instrumental Support (r = .206, p<.01) and Positive Reinterpretation (r =.197, p<.01).

Resumen El estudio fue propuesto debido a la percepción de la escasez de estudios sobre la correlación entre burnout, afrontamiento y apoyo social. Así, el presente estudio tuvo como objetivo verificar la prevalencia de burnout académico y sus posibles correlaciones con estrategias de afrontamiento y apoyo social en estudiantes de cursos de salud. La muestra estuvo constituida por 173 participantes, con edades comprendidas entre 18 y 30 años (M = 23,71; DE = 7,04). Para la recogida de datos se utilizaron: Cuestionario sociodemográfico, Inventario de Burnout de Maslach para estudiantes (MBI-SS), COPE breve (inventario de afrontamiento) y Escala de satisfacción con el apoyo social para estudiantes de enseñanza superior (SSSS). Los resultados revelaron correlaciones entre las dimensiones de agotamiento emocional y cinismo, con la satisfacción de apoyo familiar [F (3. 201752) = 9184,986, p < .001; r2 = .12] y F (3.168) = 8,473, p < .001; r2 = .131]. En cuanto a las correlaciones entre las estrategias de afrontamiento con el resto de las variables del estudio, la muestra utilizó con mayor frecuencia el afrontamiento centrado en la emoción en las estrategias de Autoculpabilización (r = .290, p< .001); Consumo de Sustancias (r = .241, p< .01); Apoyo Instrumental (r = .206, p< .01) y Reinterpretación Positiva (r = .197, p< .01).

Estigma de identidad sexual y apoyo social entre los hombres que tienen sexo con otros hombres en Central y Asunción, Paraguay: un análisis cualitativo

Introducción: El estigma relacionado con la identidad sexual, especialmente entre HSH, sigue siendo un desafío importante en muchas culturas, este estigma puede aparecer de varias maneras, desde una discriminación explícita hasta estereotipos más discretos, y puede afectar negativamente la salud mental y emocional de quienes lo sufren. Objetivo: Analizar el estigma de identidad sexual y apoyo social entre los hombres que tienen sexo con otros hombres en Central y Asunción, Paraguay durante el 2024. Metodología: Estudio cualitativo, fenomenológico de tipo descriptivo y explicativo. Las categorías de análisis consideradas en este estudio fueron: a) Estigma y apoyo social en la comunidad en general, b) Divulgación de identidad sexual a la comunidad en general, c) Divulgación de identidad sexual a familiares y amigos y d) Estigma y apoyo social en la comunidad de LGBT. Resultados: Participaron del estudio, nueve HSH, donde los testimonios revelan el profundo anhelo de vivir con autenticidad y libertad. Los HSH en Paraguay desean poder ser ellos mismos sin temor a ser juzgados o rechazados, anhelan relaciones abiertas y honestas, y aspiran a una comunidad donde puedan compartir experiencias y apoyarse mutuamente Conclusión: Los HSH enfrentan obstáculos en su crecimiento y unión como comunidad. La ausencia de una comunidad fuerte y unida dificulta el apoyo mutuo y el desarrollo personal, además de la competencia y la falta de colaboración entre organizaciones e individuos crean un ambiente dividido, donde cada uno busca sus propios beneficios en lugar de trabajar juntos por el bien de todos.

Introduction: Stigma related to sexual identity, especially among MSM, remains a major challenge in many cultures, this stigma can appear in various ways, from explicit discrimination to more discreet stereotypes, and can negatively affect the mental and emotional health of those who suffer from it. Objective: Analyze the stigma of sexual identity and social support among men who have sex with other men in Central and Asunción, Paraguay during 2024. Methodology: Qualitative, Phenomenological Study of a descriptive and explanatory type. The analysis categories considered in this study were: a) Stigma and social support in the community in general, b) Disclosure of sexual identity to the community in general, c) Disclosure of sexual identity to family and friends and d) Stigma and social support in the LGBT community. Results: Nine MSM participated in the study, where the testimonies reveal the deep desire to live with authenticity and freedom. MSM in Paraguay want to be able to be themselves without fear of being judged or rejected, they long for open and honest relationships, and they aspire to a community where they can share experiences and support each other. Conclusion: MSM face obstacles in their growth and unity as a community. The absence of a strong and united community makes mutual support and personal development difficult, in addition to competition and lack of collaboration between organizations and individuals creating a divided environment, where everyone seeks their own benefits instead of working together for the good. of everyone.

Bienestar psicológico, apoyo social y sobrecarga en los progenitores de hijos con discapacidad / Psychological well-being, social support and overload in parents of children with disabilities

Resumen: Objetivo: Establecer la relación entre el bienestar psicológico, apoyo social percibido y sobrecarga en los cuidadores de hijos con alguna condición de desarrollo o discapacidad, conociendo la influencia de algunas variables sociodemográficas en los resultados de las variables psicológicas. Método: Se efectúo un estudio cuantitativo correlacional-transversal y un muestreo aleatorio simple. La muestra fue de 83 cuidadores de niños con alguna condición de desarrollo o discapacidad, quienes cumplimentaron la Escala de Bienestar Psicológico de Ryff, la escala Multidimensional de Apoyo Social Percibido (MSPSS) y el cuestionario de Sobrecarga del Cuidador de Zarit. Resultados: Los resultados revelan una correlación positiva entre las dimensiones bienestar psicológico y apoyo social, la dimensión sobrecarga del cuidador se correlaciona negativamente con estas dos variables psicológicas. Asimismo, se identificaron cambios significativos en las variables psicológicas al incorporar factores sociodemográficos del cuidador, incluyendo el género, la situación actual y la edad, así como aspectos asociados al menor, como su edad, género, tipo de discapacidad y el tiempo transcurrido desde el diagnóstico. Conclusión: El grado de apoyo social informal que perciben los cuidadores de hijos con discapacidad permite lograr un óptimo bienestar psicológico ya que determina la existencia o no de sobrecarga. Algunas variables sociodemográficas parecen influir en la experiencia de estos cuidadores.

Abstract: Objective: To establish the relationship between psychological well-being, perceived social support and overload in caregivers of children with some developmental condition or disability, knowing the influence of some sociodemographic variables on the results of the psychological variables. Methods: A quantitative correlational-cross-sectional study and simple random sampling were carried out. The sample consisted of 83 caregivers of children with some developmental condition or disability, who completed the Ryff Psychological Well-Being Scale, the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) and the Zarit Caregiver Overload questionnaire. Results: The results reveal a positive correlation between the dimensions of psychological well-being and social support; the caregiver overload dimension correlates negatively with these two psychological variables. Significant changes in the psychological variables were also identified when incorporating sociodemographic factors of the caregiver, such as gender, current situation and age, as well as aspects associated with the child, such as age, gender, type of disability and time since diagnosis. Discussions: The degree of informal social support perceived by caregivers of children with disabilities allows achieving an optimal psychological well-being since it determines the existence or not of overload. Some sociodemographic variables seem to influence the experience of these caregivers.

Rede social de apoio à gestante adolescente na atenção primária à saúde: revisão de escopo / Social network to support pregnant adolescent women in primary health care: scope review / Red social de apoyo a mujeres adolescentes embarazadas en atención primaria de salud: revisión de alcance

Objetivo: Buscou-se mapear as evidências científicas sobre a rede social de apoio à gravidez na adolescência na atenção primária à saúde. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão de escopo, segundo o método do Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) e recomendações da Preferred Reporting Items-se Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Review (PRISMA-ScR). As fontes de busca estabelecidas foram: Literatura Latino-americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde, Base de dados em Enfermagem, ScienceDirect, SciVerse Scopus, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Scientific Electronic Library Online. Resultados: Foram selecionados 204 artigos, do corpus total, nove pesquisas foram incluídas na revisão. A partir da análise verificou-se a rede social e a sua identificação consiste em uma ferramenta importante para o desenvolvimento, proteção da saúde e redução dos danos, partindo-se do pressuposto de que a existência e percepção da rede possam gerar influências positivas no cuidado. Conclusão: A pesquisa apontou que o pertencimento a uma rede social contribui positivamente à nova realidade das adolescentes grávidas, estimulando a continuidade da gestação e história de vida. (AU)

Objective: Seek to map the scientific evidence on a social network of support for pregnancy in adolescence and primary health care. Methods: It deals with a scopo review, second or method of Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) and recommendations of Preferred Reporting Items-se Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyzes extension for Scoping Review (PRISMA-ScR). As established search sources: Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences, Database of Nursing, ScienceDirect, SciVerse Scopus, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Scientific Electronic Library Online. Results: 204 articles selected, total corpus, nine researches included in the review. From the analysis, the social network is verified and its identification consists of an important ferramenta for the development, protection of health and reduction of two damages, starting from the presumption that the existence and perception of the network allow positive influences not to be taken care of. Conclusion: A research shows that belonging to a social network contributed positively to the new realities of pregnant adolescents, stimulating the continuity of pregnancy and life history. (AU)

Objetivo: Se buscó mapear la evidencia científica en la red social de apoyo al embarazo adolescente en la atención primaria de salud. Métodos: Se trata de una revisión del alcance, de acuerdo con el método del Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) y las recomendaciones de la extensión Preferred Reporting Items y Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes para Scoping Review (PRISMA-ScR). Las fuentes de búsqueda establecidas fueron: Literatura de ciencias de la salud de América Latina y el Caribe, Base de datos de enfermería, ScienceDirect, SciVerse Scopus, Índice acumulativo de literatura de enfermería y salud afín, Biblioteca electrónica científica en línea. Resultados: Se seleccionaron 204 artículos del corpus total, se incluyeron nueve investigaciones en la revisión. A partir del análisis se verificó una red social y su identificación es una herramienta importante para el desarrollo, la protección de la salud y la reducción de daños, partiendo del supuesto de que la existencia y percepción de la red puede generar influencias positivas en el cuidado. Conclusión: La investigación mostró que pertenecer a una red social contribuye positivamente a la nueva realidad de las adolescentes embarazadas, fomentando la continuidad del embarazo y la historia de vida. (AU)

Predictive Factors for Suicidal Behaviors among University Students in the North-Central Region of Mexico / Factores predictores de conductas suicidas en estudiantes universitarios de la Región Norte-Centro de México

Abstract Introduction Suicide is a public health problem with multifactorial etiology affecting all age groups. In Mexico, the suicide rate was 6.5 suicides per 100,000 population in 2021. Objective To determine the predictive factors for suicidal behaviors (SB) in college students in the north-central region of Mexico. Method A descriptive, comparative, analytical study was conducted of 1,147 randomly selected college students. Sociodemographic data, alcohol consumption (AC), perceived stress (PS), social support (SS) and suicidal behavior (SB), suicidal ideation (SI), suicide attempt (SA) and suicide risk (SR) were measured. Data analysis in SPSS included descriptive and inferential statistics. Results The mean age of study participants was 20.2 years, with a female predominance (82.2%). Prevalence rates for SB were 62% for SI, 14.9% for SA, and 18.3% for SR. In regard to predictive factors for SB, risky, harmful, or dependent AC increased SR 1.7-fold [1.071-2.926]. At the same time, not having SS increased the risk of SI, SA, and SR by a factor of 2.4 [1.843-3.246], 2.7 [1.890-4.123], and 3.6 respectively. Higher PS increased the risk of SI, SA, and SR by a factor of 5.6 [4.209-7.538], 3.1[2.103-4.663] and 6.4 [4.184-9.826] respectively. PS and lack of SS predict SB in both sexes and across all states. Discussion and Conclusion The results show the importance of mental health care, in both epidemiologically risky situations and everyday life, together with the early identification, and timely, effective treatment of suicide risk factors in university students.

Resumen Introducción El suicidio, problema de salud pública de etiología multifactorial que afecta a todos grupos de edad. En México, la tasa en 2021 fue de 6.5 suicidios por cada 100,000 habitantes. Objetivo Determinar factores predictores de conductas suicidas (CS) en estudiantes universitarios de la Región Norte-Centro de México. Método Estudio descriptivo, comparativo y analítico, realizado en 1147 estudiantes universitarios, seleccionados aleatoriamente. Se midieron datos sociodemográficos, consumo de alcohol (CA), estrés percibido (EP), apoyo social (AS) y CS (ideación suicida [IS], intento suicida [SA] y riesgo suicida [RS]). Análisis de datos en SPSS, incluyó estadística descriptiva e inferencial. Resultados Edad promedio 20.2 años, género femenino 82.2%. En la prevalencia de CS, el 62% mostró IdS, 14.9% con InS, y 18.3% con RS. Respecto a los factores predictores de CS, el CA de riesgo, perjudicial o dependiente aumentó 1.7 [1.071-2.926] veces el RS. Por otra parte, el no contar con AS aumentó 2.4 [1.843-3.246], 2.7 [1.890-4.123], y 3.6 veces el riesgo de IdS, InS y RS respectivamente; a mayor EP, aumentó 5.6 [4.209-7.538], 3.1 [2.103-4.663] y 6.4 [4.184-9.826] veces el riesgo de IdS, InS y RS respectivamente. El EP y la falta AS predicen las CS en ambos géneros y en todos los estados. Discusión y conclusión Los resultados evidencian la importancia del cuidado de la salud mental de manera cotidiana, así como la identificación temprana, tratamiento oportuno y efectivo de factores de riesgo de suicidio en universitarios.

A Quasi-experimental study on the effectiveness of primary caregiver social support capacity on self-management practices of clients living with type II diabetes in Machakos county, Kenya

Background: Diabetes is a fast-growing public health emergency, projected to affect 643 million people by 2045. While primary caregiver social support can influence the self-management practices of Type 2 diabetes (T2D) clients, there's often limited capacity to provide it. The study determined the effectiveness of enhanced caregivers' social support capacity on self-management practices of T2D clients in Machakos. Methods: A six-month quasi-experimental study design that adopted quantitative and qualitative data collection and analysis approaches. Primary caregivers at the Matungulu intervention site were trained on T2D self-management and types of social support, with no intervention conducted at the Masinga control site. Results: Over 90% of the 227 primary caregivers were female, with a mean age of 43.28, supporting approximately three T2D clients each. Post-intervention, a 27.2% change in capacity to identify all T2D self-management practices was noted compared to a 7.6% change in the control group. The greatest contribution was in the primary caregivers' ability to provide tangible, followed by emotional and informational social support, resulting in a statistically significant improvement in the self-management practices in the intervention site, B=0.140 (95% CI: 0.072, 0.208), t=4.046, p<0.001. Consequently, the difference in blood glucose levels was statistically significant, crude OR=3.213 [95% CI: 2.039, 5.063], p<0.001. Conclusions: Enhanced capacity to provide social support positively correlates with the T2D clients' self-management practices. Further investigation of factors that hinder the full realization of primary caregiver social support capacity benefits in improving self-management capacities among T2D clients is recommended.

Postpartum depression in adolescent mothers before and during COVID-19 and the role of self-esteem, maternal self-efficacy, and social support / Depresión posparto en madres adolescentes antes y durante la pandemia por COVID-19 el papel de la autoestima, la autoeficacia materna y el apoyo social

Abstract Introduction Although the COVID-19 pandemic negatively impacted the mental health of vulnerable populations, such as adolescent mothers, very few studies have documented the prevalence of postpartum depression (PPD) in this population. Objective a) Determine the frequency of PPD (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale [EPDS] ≥ 9) in adolescent mothers before (AM-BP) and during (AM-DP) the pandemic, b) Examine psychosocial factors (self-esteem, maternal efficacy, social support, depression and anxiety in pregnancy, planned and wanted pregnancy) in AM-BP and AM-DP, and c) Determine whether being an AM-DP was a significant factor for experiencing PPD (EPDS ≥ 9). Method Cross sectional study. Subjects: Forty-one AM-BP recruited at Health Centers and interviewed face to face and forty-one AM-DP surveyed online. Results PPD (EPDS ≥ 9) was 42% (p = .001) more frequent in AM-DP. The groups differed significantly in all psychosocial factors, with AM-DP faring worse. Unadjusted regressions showed that being an AM-DP, having lower maternal efficacy and self-esteem, greater dissatisfaction with social support, and depression and/or anxiety in pregnancy increased PPD (EPDS ≥ 9). Adjusted multiple analysis indicated that lower self-esteem was the only factor to maintain its association with PPD (EPDS ≥ 9; p = .017). Discussion and conclusion The pandemic negatively affected PPD (EPDS ≥ 9) and psychosocial factors in AM-DP, as compared to AM-BP, with self-esteem being the main factor associated with PPD (EPDS ≥ 9). In situations of extreme stress as happened in the pandemic, the mental health of adolescent mothers should be prioritized to prevent negative effects such as PPD. PPD preventive and treatment interventions should consider strengthening self-esteem.

Resumen Introducción La pandemia por COVID-19 tuvo un impacto negativo en la salud mental de poblaciones vulnerables, como las madres adolescentes, no obstante, escasos estudios documentaron la prevalencia de depresión posparto (DPP) en esta población. Objetivo a) Conocer la frecuencia de DPP (Escala Edinburgh para la Depresión Postnatal [EPDS] ≥ 9) en madres adolescentes antes de la pandemia (MA-AP) y durante la pandemia (MA-DP), b) Examinar algunos factores psicosociales (autoestima, eficacia materna, apoyo social, depresión y ansiedad en el embarazo, embarazo planeado y deseado) en MA-AP y MA-DP, y, c) Analizar si ser MA-DP, fue un factor significativo para experimentar DPP (EPDS ≥ 9). Método Estudio transversal. Participantes: 41 MA-AP captadas en Centros de Salud y 41 MA-DP encuestadas en línea. Resultados La DPP (EPDS ≥ 9) fue 42% (p = .001) más frecuente en las MA-DP. Los grupos difirieron significativamente en todos los factores psicosociales, en detrimento de las MA-DP. Las regresiones no ajustadas mostraron que ser MA-DP, tener menor eficacia materna y autoestima, mayor insatisfacción con el apoyo social, y depresión y/o ansiedad en el embarazo incrementaron la DPP (EPDS ≥ 9). El análisis múltiple ajustado indicó que una menor autoestima fue el único factor que mantuvo su asociación con DPP (EPDS ≥ 9; p = .017). Discusión y conclusión La pandemia tuvo un efecto negativo en la DPP (EPDS ≥ 9) y en factores psicosociales en MA-DP; la autoestima fue el principal factor asociado a la misma. Ante situaciones de estrés extremo, la salud mental de madres adolescentes debería ser prioritaria para prevenir efectos negativos como la DPP. Intervenciones preventivas y de tratamiento de DPP deben fortalecer la autoestima.

Mental Health Conditions and Suicide Risk Among Costa Rican University Students

Introduction: University students are exposed to academic demands that could impact mental health and trigger suicidal behaviors. Objective: To analyze the mental health conditions (depression, anxiety, and social support) and suicide risk in Costa Rican university students. Materials and Methods: Correlational, predictive, and cross-sectional research was conducted. A census sample of 76 university students was included. Variables encompassed sociodemographic data, social support measured by the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, depression measured by the Beck Depression Inventory-II, anxiety measured by the Beck Anxiety Inventory, and suicide risk measured by the Plutchik Suicide Risk Scale. An online survey was used. Descriptive analysis, variance analysis, Pearson correlation, and multiple linear regression were performed. Significance level set at p<0.05. Results: The student body had a mean age of 19.43 years ±1.75, with gender identity evenly distributed. 38.20% reported moderate-severe symptoms of depression, and 32.90% indicated suicide risk. Differences were observed between gender identity in terms of social support and anxiety (p<0.05). Correlations were found between mental health conditions and suicide risk (p=0.001). Depression was identified as a factor contributing to an increased risk of suicide (p=0.001). Discussion: Previous literature confirms that mental health conditions such as low social support, depression, and anxiety in university students would predispose to the suicide risk. Conclusions: There is a segment of the university student population experiencing adverse mental health conditions and suicide risk, for whom care strategies focused on their needs should be developed.

Introducción: El estudiantado universitario está expuesto a demandas académicas que podrían afectar la salud mental e incitar las conductas suicidas. Objetivo: Analizar las condiciones de salud mental (depresión, ansiedad y apoyo social) y el riesgo de suicidio en estudiantes universitarios costarricenses. Materiales y Métodos: Investigación correlacional, predictiva y transversal. Muestra censal de 76 estudiantes universitarios. Las variables fueron datos sociodemográficos, apoyo social medido por la Escala Multidimensional de Apoyo Social Percibido, depresión medida por el Inventario de Depresión de Beck-II, ansiedad medida por el Inventario de Ansiedad de Beck y riesgo de suicidio medido por la Escala de Riesgo Suicida de Plutchick. Se utilizó una encuesta en línea. Se realizó análisis descriptivo, análisis de varianza, correlación de Pearson y regresión lineal múltiple. Nivel de significancia p<0,05. Resultados: El estudiantado tuvo una edad media de 19,43 años ±1,75, la identidad de género se distribuyó igualitariamente. El 38,20% manifestó síntomas moderado-severo de depresión, 32,90% refirió riesgo de suicidio. Hubo diferencias entre identidad de género según apoyo social y ansiedad (p<0,05). Se presentaron correlaciones entre las condiciones de salud mental y el riesgo de suicidio (p=0,001). La depresión determinó un aumento del riesgo de suicidio (p=0,001). Discusión: La literatura previa confirma que condiciones de salud mental como bajo apoyo social, depresión y ansiedad en estudiantes universitarios suscitarían el riesgo de suicidio. Conclusiones: Existe un sector del estudiantado universitario que presenta condiciones de salud mental adversas y riesgo de suicidio, para el que se debe desarrollar estrategias de cuidado centradas en sus necesidades

Introdução: Estudantes universitários estão expostos a demandas acadêmicas que podem afetar a saúde mental e incitar ao comportamento suicida. Objetivo: Analisar as condições de saúde mental (depressão, ansiedade e apoio social) e o risco de suicídio em estudantes universitários da Costa Rica. Materiais e Métodos: Pesquisa correlacional, preditiva e transversal. Amostra censitária de 76 estudantes universitários. As variáveis foram dados sociodemográficos, apoio social medido pela Escala Multidimensional de Suporte Social Percebido, depressão medida pelo Inventário de Depressão de Beck-II, ansiedade medida pelo Inventário de Ansiedade de Beck e risco de suicídio medido pela Escala de Risco de Suicídio de Plutchick. Foi utilizada uma pesquisa online. Foram realizadas análise descritiva, análise de variância, correlação de Pearson e regressão linear múltipla. Nível de significância p<0,05. Resultados: O corpo discente tinha idade média de 19,43 anos ±1,75, a identidade de gênero estava distribuída igualmente. 38,20% apresentaram sintomas de depressão moderados a graves, 32,90% relataram risco de suicídio. Houve diferenças entre identidade de gênero segundo suporte social e ansiedade (p<0,05). Foram apresentadas correlações entre condições de saúde mental e risco de suicídio (p=0,001). A depressão determinou risco aumentado de suicídio (p=0,001). Discussão: A literatura anterior confirma que condições de saúde mental como baixo apoio social, depressão e ansiedade em estudantes universitários aumentariam o risco de suicídio. Conclusões: Existe um setor de estudantes universitários que apresenta condições adversas de saúde mental e risco de suicídio, para o qual devem ser desenvolvidas estratégias de cuidado focadas em suas necessidades.

Study on frailty status quo and influencing factors of elderly stroke patients in community / 重庆医学

Objective To investigate the frailty status and influencing factors of the elderly stroke pa-tients in community to provide a basis for its prevention and treatment.Methods The convenience sampling was used to select 200 elderly stroke patients as the study subjects in a community hospital in Guangzhou City from October 2020 to January 2022.The general information questionnaire,Chinese version of Tilburg frailty indicator scale,Modified Rankin Index Scale,Barthel index scale,short version of Geriatric Depression Scale and Social Support Rating Scale were used to collect the data.Results The incidence rate of frailty in 200 ca-ses of community elderly stroke was 86.0％.The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that the degree of disability,ability of daily living,depression and social support were the influencing factors of frailty of the elderly stroke patients in community(F=71.813,P＜0.001).Conclusion The incidence rate of frailty is higher in community elderly stroke patients,the higher the degree of disability,the lower the ability of daily living,the higher the level of depression and the lower the level of social support,the higher the frailty level of community elderly stroke patients.

Analysis of coping styles of patients with Crohn's disease and its related influencing factors / 沈阳医学院学报

Objective:To investigate the current situation of coping styles in Crohn's disease patients and its related influencing factors.Methods:A total of 80 patients with Crohn's disease admitted to our hospital from Apri 2021 to Dec 2022 were selected to evaluate their coping styles with a simple coping style questionnaire,and relevant data were collected.The factors affecting the coping styles of Crohn's disease were analyzed by multivariable logistic regression.Results:Among the 80 patients,29 cases were negative coping,the incidence was 36.25% .There were 51 patients with positive coping(63.75% ).Educational level,simplified Crohn's disease activity index(CDAI)score,adverse psychology,social support and type D personality were associated with negative coping(P＜0.05).Gender,age,family history,working status,monthly family income,place of residence,and marital status were not associated with negative coping in patients with Crohn's disease(P＞0.05).Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that education level of high school or below(OR=2.945,95% CI:1.139-7.614),higher CDAI score(OR=11.999,95% CI:4.387-32.815),poor psychology(OR=5.950,95% CI:2.180-16.239),low social support(OR=3.598,95% CI:1.370-9.448)and type D personality(OR=3.208,95% CI:1.118-8.904)were risk factors for negative coping in patients with Crohn's disease(P＜0.05).Conclusions:The incidence of negative coping in patients with Crohn's disease is higher,which is related to high school education or below,high CDAI score,poor psychology,low social support,and type D personality.Therefore,clinical measures can be taken to promote patients to actively cope with the disease.

Analysis of health empowerment status and related influencing factors in patients with hypertension / 沈阳医学院学报

Objective:To explore the status quo and related influencing factors of health empowerment in patients with hypertension.Methods:A total of 80 patients with hypertension admitted to our hospital from Aug 2021 to Aug 2022 were selected,their health empowerment level was evaluated by chronic disease health empowerment scale,self-made baseline data questionnaire and social support rating scale,and relevant data were collected to compare the health empowerment scores of hypertension patients with different characteristics.The influencing factors of health empowerment level of hypertension patients were analyzed by linear regression analysis.Results:The health empowerment score of 80 patients was(97.58±9.56),which was at a medium level.There were statistically significant differences in health empowerment scores of hypertension patients with different ages,hypertension grades,education levels,psychological resilience and social support(P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in health empowerment scores of hypertension patients with different genders,payment methods and places of residence(P＞0.05).Linear regression analysis showed that age≥60 years old,hypertension grade 3,high school or below,poor mental resilience and low social support were the risk factors for low health empowerment level in hypertension patients(P＜0.05).Conclusions:The health empowerment level of patients with hypertension is medium.Age≥60 years old,hypertension grade 3,high school and below,poor mental resilience and low social support are the risk factors for low health empowerment level of these patients.In clinical practice,we should strengthen the observation and care of elderly and severe hypertensive patients,actively carry out hypertension-related health knowledge education and psychological counseling,and guide patients'family members to giving more support to patients,so as to promote the improvement of patients'health empowerment level.

Analysison the level of disease uncertainty and its related influencing factors in patients with primary aldosteronism / 现代医院

Objective To explore the influencing factors of disease uncertainty levels in patients with primary aldosteron-ism(PA),in order to guide the formulation of clinical intervention measures and reduce the level of disease uncertainty in PA patients.Methods 83 patients with PA admitted to the hospital from January 2021 to January 2022 were selected to evaluate the level of disease uncertainty of all patients[MUIS score],design a baseline data questionnaire,and make detailed statistics on the baseline data of all patients,compare the MUIS score of PA patients with different data characteristics,and focus on the analysis of the factors affecting the level of disease uncertainty of PA patients.Results After evaluation,the MUIS score of 83 PA patients was(89.73±8.60)points;The MUIS scores of PA patients with different social support,education level,anxiety and family monthly per capita income were statistically different(P＜0.05),while the MUIS scores of PA patients with different ages,gen-ders,work conditions,religious beliefs,diabetes and living alone were not statistically different(P＞0.05);The influencing fac-tors of disease uncertainty level in PA patients are low monthly per capita income,low social support,anxiety,and low education level(P＜0.05).Conclusion The disease uncertainty of PA patients is at a medium-high level.Low education level,low social support,anxiety and low family monthly per capita income are all factors affecting the disease uncertainty level of PA patients.Clin-ical intervention measures can be designated according to the above factors to reduce the disease uncertainty of patients.

General well-being and its influencing factors in peer educators of breast cancer / 中华护理杂志

Objective To investigate the general well-being of breast cancer peer educators and to analyze its influencing factors.Methods Convenience sampling method was used to select 210 breast cancer peer educators from 8 tertiary hospitals in China from January to February 2023.General information questionnaires,General Well-Being Scale,Cornor-Davidson Resilience Scale,and Social Support Rating Scale were used for investigation.Multiple linear regression analysis was used to explore the influencing factors of the general well-being in peer educators of breast cancer.Results A total of 206 breast cancer peer educators were investigated.The general well-being score was(86.70±14.08).The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that psychological resilience,the utilization of social support and the current self-funded treatment of less than 1,000 yuan per month were the influencing factors of general well-being(P＜0.001).Conclusion The general well-being of breast cancer peer educators is at a high level.Improving the social support system for breast cancer patients,selecting peer educators with strong psychological resilience,high utilization of social support and low self-funded treatment,and paying attention to the psychologic status of peer educators,providing timely and positive psychological interventions will help to raise the general well-being of breast cancer peer educators and ensure the quality and continuity of peer education.

Practice and reflection on medical social work′s contribution to improving medical services in pediatric hospitals / 中华医院管理杂志

Medical social work, as a bridge between social welfare policies and healthcare services, is an important force in meeting the diverse and multi-level needs of the people in medical and health care. Due to the particularity of the pediatric population, pediatric medical social work is becoming one of the key areas in the development of medical social work. Beijing Children′s Hospital, Capital Medical University has established a service mode of " collaborative medical and social worker team". The medical social workers acted as supporters to assist healthcare professionals to meet the psychological and social service needs of patients and their families as much as possible, and empowered medical staff′s career development as supporters. At the same time, the medical social workers assisted in the construction of a " child friendly" medical environment, and built a social support network for patients and families. The appropriateness and future prospects of pediatric medical social work were explored, in order to provide reference for its development.

Latent class of medical freshmen s school adjustment and the relationship among its transition, social support and mental resilience / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the possible latent classes and transition characteristics of medical freshmen and their relationship with social support and mental resilience, so as to provide a scientific reference for preventive education.@*Methods@#A total of 1 155 medical freshmen were cluster random sampled from 3 medical universities in Fujian Province and received 2 rounds of surveys(T1, October 2022; T2, December 2022) by applying Student Adaptation to College Questionnaire, Child and Adolescent Social Support Scale and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale. And the relevant data was analyzed by using latent profile analysis, latent transition analysis and multiple Logistic regression.@*Results@#There were three different subgroups of school adjustment at two time points for T1 and T2, including high school adjustment group (34.0%, 19.8%), mild school adjustment group (60.5%, 53.8%) and low school adjustment group (5.5%, 26.4%). The low school adjustment group, relatively stable, had the greatest probability of remaining in the same group(94.0%). The high school adjustment group tended to change to mild school adjustment group(25.0%), and the mild school adjustment group tended to change to low school adjustment group (22.0%). Affected by social support, high school adjustment group was less likely to transfer to be mild school adjustment group (OR=0.40) and low school adjustment group (OR=0.26). The mild school adjustment group was prone to transfer to be high school adjustment group (OR=1.47), and less likely to be low school adjustment group (OR=0.58). Influenced by mental resilence, high school adjustment group was less likely to transfer to be mild school adjustment group (OR=0.20) and low school adjustment group (OR=0.13). The mild school adjustment group was prone to transfer to be high school adjustment group (OR=9.17), and less likely to be low school adjustment group (OR=0.42). The low school adjustment group was more likely to transfer to be high school adjustment group(OR=5.43)(P<0.05).@*Conclusions@#There are three subgroups of school adjustment in medical freshmen, and class transition in school adjustment are at higher risk and are influenced by social support and mental resilience. The social support and resilience of medical freshmen should be enhanced to promote the school adjustment.

Mediating effect of self-efficacy for exercise on social support and kinesiophobia in patients with rheumatoid arthritis / 预防医学

Objective@#To explore the mediating effect of self-efficacy for exercise on social support and kinesiophobia in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), so as to provide insights into alleviating fear for exercise and formulating exercise intervention programs.@*Methods@#RA patients hospitalized in a tertiary hospital in Harbin City from June to December 2023 were selected, and the levels of kinesiophobia, self-efficacy for exercise and social support were investigated using the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (Chinese version), the Self-Efficacy for Exercise and the Social Support Rating Scale, respectively. The mediating effect of self-efficacy for exercise on social support and kinesiophobia was examined using a structural equation model.@*Results@#A total of 216 people were investigated, including 45 males (20.83%) and 171 females (79.17%), with the median age of 54.00 (interquartile range, 13.75) years. There were 159 of patients living in the urban areas, accounting for 73.61%. There were 102 of patients with a disease course of 1 to 5 years, accounting for 47.22%. The median scores of kinesiophobia, self-efficacy for exercise and social support were 31.00 (interquartile range, 5.00), 5.00 (interquartile range, 2.00) and 39.50 (interquartile range, 17.00), respectively. Social support had a direct negative effect on kinesiophobia (effect value=-0.358, P<0.05) and a indirect negative effect on kinesiophobia through self-efficacy for exercise (effect value=-0.887, P<0.05), and the mediating effect contributed 93.86% to the total effect.@*Conclusion@#Social support can directly or indirectly influence kinesiophobia through self-efficacy for exercise among patients with RA.

Mediating effect of job burnout between social support and presenteeism behavior in open-pit coal miners / 环境与职业医学

Background After working in a harsh occupational hazard environment for a long time, open-pit coal mine workers are under tremendous physical and mental pressure, which is prone to presenteeism behavior. objective To identify the relationships between presenteeism, job burnout, and social support of open-pit coal miners, and verify potential mediating effect of job burnout between social support and presenteeism. Methods In 2020—2021, a questionnaire survey was conducted among employees of 6 open-pit coal mining enterprises in Xinjiang by stratified cluster random sampling. Job Burnout Questionnaire, Job Content Questionnaire, and Presenteeism Behavior Scale were used to evaluate burnout, social support, and presenteeism behavior in the study subjects. SPSS 26.0 software was used for t test, F test, correlation analysis, and mediating effect test. Results A total of 1199 questionnaires were distributed and 1083 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 90.3%. The M (P25, P75) scores of presenteeism behavior, social support, and job burnout were 2.0 (2.0, 5.0), 24.0 (23.0, 26.0), and 45.0 (34.0, 51.0), respectively. The Spearman correlation analysis results showed that there was a significant negative correlation between social support and job burnout (\begin{document}$ r $\end{document}=−0.200, P<0.01), a significant negative correlation between presenteeism and social support (\begin{document}$ r $\end{document}=−0.260, P<0.01), and a significant positive correlation between presenteeism and job burnout (\begin{document}$ r $\end{document}=0.304, \begin{document}$ P $\end{document}<0.01). The results of mediating effect test showed that social support had a negative effect on presenteeism (\begin{document}$ \beta $\end{document}=−0.122, \begin{document}$ P $\end{document}<0.001). Social support negatively predicted job burnout (\begin{document}$ \beta $\end{document}=−0.779, \begin{document}$ P $\end{document}<0.001). Job burnout had a partial mediating effect between social support and presenteeism, with an effect value of −0.0294 (95%CI: −0.0394, −0.0201), accounting for 24.18% of the total effect. Conclusion Social support negatively affects the presenteeism behavior of open-pit coal mine workers, and job burnout plays a partial mediating role between social support and presenteeism behavior.