RÉSUMÉ
OBJECTIVES: Doppler ultrasonography can be used to assess neoangiogenesis, a characteristic feature of postmolar gestational trophoblastic neoplasia. However, there is limited information on whether uterine artery Doppler flow velocimetry parameters can predict gestational trophoblastic neoplasia following a complete hydatidiform mole. The purpose of this study was as follows: 1) to compare uterine blood flow before and after complete mole evacuation between women who developed postmolar gestational trophoblastic neoplasia and those who achieved spontaneous remission, 2) to assess the usefulness of uterine Doppler parameters as predictors of postmolar gestational trophoblastic neoplasia and to determine the best parameters and cutoff values for predicting postmolar gestational trophoblastic neoplasia. METHODS: This prospective cohort study included 246 patients with a complete mole who were treated at three different trophoblastic diseases centers between 2013 and 2014. The pulsatility index, resistivity index, and systolic/diastolic ratio were measured by Doppler flow velocimetry before and 4-6 weeks after molar evacuation. Statistical analysis was performed using Wilcoxon’s test, logistic regression, and ROC analysis. RESULTS: No differences in pre- and post-evacuation Doppler measurements were observed in patients who developed postmolar gestational trophoblastic neoplasia. In those with spontaneous remission, the pulsatility index and systolic/diastolic ratio were increased after evacuation. The pre- and post-evacuation pulsatility indices were significantly lower in patients with gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (odds ratio of 13.9-30.5). A pre-evacuation pulsatility index ≤1.38 (77% sensitivity and 82% specificity) and post-evacuation pulsatility index ≤1.77 (79% sensitivity and 86% specificity) were significantly predictive of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia. CONCLUSIONS: Uterine Doppler flow velocimetry measurements, particularly pre- and post-molar evacuation pulsatility indices, can be useful for predicting postmolar gestational trophoblastic neoplasia.
Sujet(s)
Humains , Femelle , Grossesse , Adolescent , Adulte , Adulte d'âge moyen , Jeune adulte , Maladie trophoblastique gestationnelle/imagerie diagnostique , Maladie trophoblastique gestationnelle/physiopathologie , Môle hydatiforme/chirurgie , Échographie-doppler/méthodes , Artère utérine/imagerie diagnostique , Artère utérine/physiopathologie , Tumeurs de l'utérus/chirurgie , Vitesse du flux sanguin/physiologie , Gonadotrophine chorionique/sang , Âge gestationnel , Maladie trophoblastique gestationnelle/vascularisation , Môle hydatiforme/complications , Môle hydatiforme/physiopathologie , Modèles logistiques , Valeur prédictive des tests , Études prospectives , Valeurs de référence , Reproductibilité des résultats , Facteurs de risque , Facteurs temps , Tumeurs de l'utérus/complications , Tumeurs de l'utérus/physiopathologie , Utérus/vascularisation , Utérus/physiopathologieRÉSUMÉ
Abstract Purpose: To evaluate the effects of enoxaparin and unfractionated heparin (UFH) administered in prophylactic and therapeutic doses on fetal vessels in healthy pregnant Wistar rats, according to Doppler velocimetry measurements. Methods: Fifty animals were assigned to one of five groups: controls (saline), prophylactic and therapeutic enoxaparin (1 and 2 mg/kg/day, respectively), and prophylactic and therapeutic UFH (72 and 400 UI/kg/day, respectively). Uterine horns were examined by ultrasound for identification of live fetuses. A sample of these fetuses underwent Doppler velocimetry. Spectral curves, peak systolic velocity (PSV), pulsatility index (PI), and resistance index (RI) of the middle cerebral artery, ductus venosus, and umbilical artery were investigated. Differences were considered statistically significant when p<0.05. Results: No significant differences in PSV, PI, or RI values were observed among the groups. Conclusion: Doppler velocimetry measurements revealed no significant effects of enoxaparin or unfractionated heparin on fetal vessels in pregnant Wistar rats.
Sujet(s)
Animaux , Femelle , Vitesse du flux sanguin/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques , Héparine/pharmacologie , Énoxaparine/pharmacologie , Artère cérébrale moyenne/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques , Foetus/vascularisation , Anticoagulants/pharmacologie , Artères ombilicales/physiopathologie , Grossesse , Prise de poids/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques , Échographie prénatale/méthodes , Rat Wistar , Échocardiographie-doppler pulsé/méthodes , Artère cérébrale moyenne/physiopathologie , Modèles animaux , Artère utérine/physiopathologieRÉSUMÉ
Objectives: To evaluate the occurrence of maternal brain centralization in pregnant women with specific gestational hypertension; to establish normal values of the ratio of the uterine artery with (mean and standard deviation) ophthalmic artery; to compare the ratio of uterine to the ophthalmic artery with normal and abnormal groups; and to establish the Receiver Operator Curve (ROC) for diagnosis of patients with specific hypertensive disease of pregnancy. Methods: To achieve the proposed objectives a casecontrol study was carried out where the sample consisted of 178 pregnant patients divided into two groups. The control group included pregnant 83 pregnant normotensive women; a case group included 95 patients with clinical and laboratory diagnoses of specific gestational hypertension. Results: Patients with preeclampsia had lower values than the patients who had eclampsia. The Doppler parameters that were statistically significant were those of the ratio of uterine artery with the ophthalmic artery (AU/AO) and vice versa. A comparison between the normal curve systolediastole and the respective cut-off point was performed. A ROC is shown in the cut-off considering the systolic velocity, the diastolic velocity, the systole/diastole relation, and the index of resistance of the ophthalmic artery. Conclusion: The maternal centralization in high risk pregnancies was observed when specific gestational hypertension is real. The normal curve has a mean and standard deviation of the relative Doppler of the uterine artery to the ophthalmic artery systolic/diastolic ratio was 0.43 ± 0.16 for normal pregnant patients. Comparing the group of patients with normal pathological group of patients there was a statistically significant difference between them considering the relation of Doppler uterine artery with ophthalmic artery.(...)
Objetivos: Avaliar a ocorrência de centralização no cérebro materno em grávidas com hipertensão gestacional específica; estabelecer os valores normais (média e desvio padrão)da razão artéria uterina/artéria oftálmica; comparar a razão artéria uterina/artéria oftálmica entre grupos normal e enfermo; estabelecer a curva ROC para o diagnóstico de pacientes com doença hipertensiva específica da gravidez. Métodos: Estudo de caso-controle em uma amostra de 178 pacientes gestantes, divididas em dois grupos. O grupo controle consistiu em 83 grávidas normotensas; o grupo de casos consistiu em 95 pacientes com diagnóstico clínico e laboratorial de hipertensão gestacional específica. Resultados: Pacientes com pré-eclâmpsia apresentaram valores mais baixos versus pacientes que sofreram eclampsia. Os parâmetros da sonografia Doppler estatisticamente significativos foram os referentes à relação artéria uterina/artéria oftálmica (AU/AO) e vice versa. Foi traçada uma curva de normalidade para sístole-diástole de comparação com os respectivos pontos de corte. A curva ROC exibe os pontos de corte, respectivamente, para velocidade sistólica, velocidade diastólica, razão sístole/diástole e índice de resistência da artéria oftálmica.Conclusão: Foi observada centralização materna em gestações de alto risco em casos de hipertensão gestacional específica. Na curva normal, a média±desvio-padrão da relação sistólica/diastólica entre artéria uterina e artéria oftálmica foi de 0,43±0,16 (Doppler) para pacientes grávidas normais. Comparando-se o grupo de pacientes normais com o grupo de pacientes enfermas, houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre grupos, considerando o estudo Doppler para a razão artéria uterina/artéria oftálmica.(...)
Sujet(s)
Humains , Femelle , Grossesse , Artère brachiale/physiopathologie , Artère brachiale , Artère ophtalmique/physiopathologie , Artère ophtalmique , Artère utérine/physiopathologie , Artère utérine , Éclampsie , Pré-éclampsieRÉSUMÉ
FUNDAMENTO: A fisiopatologia da Pré-Eclampsia (PE) é caracterizada por deficiência no processo de placentação, disfunção endotelial sistêmica e hiperfluxo do Sistema Nervoso Central (SNC). Do ponto de vista clínico, seria interessante determinar a ocorrência desses fenômenos antes do aparecimento das manifestações clínicas da doença, levantando a possibilidade de novos métodos de predição da PE. OBJETIVO: Comparar o processo de placentação, a função endotelial e o hiperfluxo do SNC em gestantes de alto risco para desenvolvimento de PE que posteriormente desenvolveram ou não a síndrome. MÉTODOS: Um total de 74 gestantes foi submetido ao exame de Dilatação Fluxo-Mediada (DFM) da artéria braquial, dopplerfluxometria de artérias uterinas e oftálmica para avaliação da função endotelial, processo de placentação e hiperfluxo central, respectivamente. Os exames foram realizados entre 24 e 28 semanas de gestação e as pacientes foram acompanhadas até o puerpério para coleta de dados. RESULTADOS: Quinze pacientes tiveram a gestação complicada pela PE e 59 se mantiveram normotensas até o puerpério. Pacientes que subsequentemente desenvolveram PE apresentaram entre 24 e 28 semanas de gestação, maiores valores no índice de pulsatilidade das artérias uterinas e menores valores de DFM (p < 0,001 e p = 0,001, respectivamente). Entretanto, não houve diferença nos valores obtidos no índice de resistência da artéria oftálmica (p = 0,08). CONCLUSÃO: Os dados obtidos sugerem que a deficiência no processo de placentação e a disfunção endotelial precedem cronologicamente as manifestações clínicas da PE, o que não ocorre com o hiperfluxo do SNC.
BACKGROUND: The physiopathology of Preeclampsia (PE) is characterized by a deficiency in the process of placentation, systemic endothelial dysfunction and Central Nervous System (CNS) hyperflow. From a clinical point of view, it would be interesting to determine the occurrence of these phenomena before the onset of clinical manifestations of the disease, raising the possibility of new methods for predicting PE. OBJECTIVE:Compare the process of placentation, endothelial function and CNS hyperflow in pregnant women at high risk for the development of PE who subsequently developed or not the syndrome. METHODS: A total of 74 pregnant women underwent the Flow-Mediated Dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery, Doppler study of uterine and ophthalmic arteries for the assessment of endothelial function, process of placentation and central hyperflow, respectively. The examinations were performed between 24 and 28 weeks of gestation and were followed until the postpartum period for data collection. RESULTS: Fifteen patients had PE and 59 remained normotensive until the puerperium. Patients who subsequently developed PE had between 24 and 28 weeks of gestation, higher pulsatility index of uterine arteries and lower values of FMD (p < 0.001 and p = 0.001, respectively). However, there was no difference in the values obtained in the resistive index in the ophthalmic artery (p = 0.08). CONCLUSION: The data obtained suggest that the deficiency in the process of placentation and endothelial dysfunction chronologically precede the clinical manifestations of PE, which does not occur with CNS hyperflow.
Sujet(s)
Adulte , Femelle , Humains , Grossesse , Endothélium vasculaire/physiopathologie , Pré-éclampsie/physiopathologie , Utérus/physiopathologie , Vitesse du flux sanguin/physiologie , Pression sanguine/physiologie , Artère brachiale/physiopathologie , Système nerveux central/vascularisation , Système nerveux central/physiopathologie , Âge gestationnel , Placenta/vascularisation , Placenta/physiopathologie , Placentation/physiologie , Facteurs de risque , Statistique non paramétrique , Artère utérine/physiopathologie , Utérus/vascularisationRÉSUMÉ
FUNDAMENTO: A síndrome de pré-eclâmpsia se associa com a disfunção endotelial e o diagnóstico diferencial entre pré-eclâmpsia pura (PE) e sobreposta (PES) só pode ser feito após 12 semanas do parto. OBJETIVO: Comparar a avaliação da função endotelial através de dilatação mediada por fluxo de gestantes com pré-eclâmpsia pura e sobreposta. MÉTODOS: A dilatação mediada por fluxo da artéria braquial foi realizada utilizando as recomendações da International Brachial Artery Reactivity Task Force em gestantes com a Síndrome de Pré-eclâmpsia. Pré-eclâmpsia (n = 14) e pré-eclâmpsia sobreposta (n = 13) foram diagnosticadas no pós-parto segundo as definições do National High Blood Pressure Education Program Working Group on High Blood Pressure in Pregnancy. RESULTADOS: A mediana da dilatação mediada por fluxo (DMF) na PES (6,0 por cento; 1,9-10,3) foi reduzida em comparação com PE (13,6 por cento; 4,4-17,1), uma disparidade aparentemente relevante, mas sem diferença estatisticamente significativa (p = 0,08). A DMF inferior a 10 por cento foi detectada em 30,8 por cento das PE e em 69,2 por cento das PES (p = 0,057). Diferenças significativas não ocorreram na comparação entre a morfologia das artérias uterinas de PE e PES através do espectro do Doppler. CONCLUSÃO: A DMF da artéria braquial de pacientes com Síndrome de Pré-eclâmpsia não se mostrou ser um método capaz de diferenciar PE de PES. Entretanto, os dados sugerem que PES se associa com pior função endotelial em comparação a PE.
BACKGROUND: The preeclampsia syndrome is associated with endothelial dysfunction and the differential diagnosis between pure preeclampsia (PE) and superimposed preeclampsia (SPE) can be only be attained 12 weeks after delivery. OBJECTIVE: To compare the assessment of endothelial function through flow-mediated dilatation in pregnant women with pure preeclampsia and superimposed preeclampsia. METHODS: The flow-mediated dilatation of the brachial artery was carried out according to the recommendations of the International Brachial Artery Reactivity Task Force in pregnant women with preeclampsia syndrome. PE (n=14) and SPE (n=13) were diagnosed in the postpartum period according to the definitions of the National High Blood Pressure Education Program Working Group on High Blood Pressure in Pregnancy. RESULTS: The median of the flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) in SPE (6.0 percent; 1.9-10.3) was decreased in comparison with the PE (13.6 percent;4.4-17.1), an apparently relevant difference , but not statistically significant (p = 0.08). The FMD < 10 percent was detected in 30.8 percent of the PE cases and in 69.2 percent of the SPE cases (p = 0.057). Significant differences could not be detected in the morphology of the uterine arteries between the PE and SPE cases through the Doppler spectrum. CONCLUSION: The FMD of the brachial artery of patients with preeclampsia syndrome was not capable of differentiating between PE and SPE. However, the data suggest that SPE is associated with worse endothelial function I comparison to PE.
FUNDAMENTO: El síndrome de preeclampsia se asocia con la disfunción endotelial y el diagnóstico diferencial entre preeclampsia pura (PE) y sobreagregada (PES) sólo puede realizarse 12 semanas después del parto. OBJETIVO: Comparar la evaluación de la función endotelial a través de dilatación mediada por flujo en gestantes con preeclampsia pura y sobreagregada. MÉTODOS: La dilatación mediada por flujo de la arteria braquial se realizó utilizando las recomendaciones de la International Brachial Artery Reactivity Task Force en gestantes con Síndrome de Preeclampsia. La Preeclampsia (n = 14) y preeclampsia sobreagregada (n = 13) fueron diagnosticadas en el posparto según las definiciones del National High Blood Pressure Education Program Working Group on High Blood Pressure in Pregnancy. RESULTADOS: El promedio de la dilatación mediada por flujo (DMF) en la PES (6,0 por ciento; 1,9-10,3) fue reducido en comparación con la PE (13,6 por ciento; 4,4-17,1), una disparidad aparentemente relevante, pero sin diferencia estadísticamente significativa (p = 0,08). Una DMF inferior al 10 por ciento se detectó en el 30,8 por ciento de las PE y en el 69,2 por ciento de las PES (p = 0,057). No aparecieron diferencias significativas en la comparación entre la morfología de las arterias uterinas de PE y PES a través del espectro del Doppler. CONCLUSIÓN: La DMF de la arteria braquial de pacientes con Síndrome de Preeclampsia no demostró ser un método capaz de diferenciar PE de PES. No obstante, los datos sugieren que la PES se asocia a una peor función endotelial en comparación con la PE.
Sujet(s)
Adulte , Femelle , Humains , Grossesse , Artère brachiale , Endothélium vasculaire , Pré-éclampsie , Diagnostic différentiel , Dilatation pathologique , Endothélium vasculaire/physiopathologie , Pré-éclampsie/classification , Débit sanguin régional/physiologie , Échographie-doppler/méthodes , Échographie-doppler/normes , Artère utérine/physiopathologie , Artère utérineRÉSUMÉ
OBJETIVO: avaliar a repercussão da hipertensão porta nos índices de resistência arterial ovariano, uterino e na periferia do corpo lúteo, na fase lútea média do ciclo menstrual. MÉTODOS: em estudo observacional com corte transversal, 28 portadoras de esquistossomose mansônica na forma hepatoesplênica submetidas à esplenectomia e ligadura da veia gástrica esquerda (EHEO), um grupo similar de 28 pacientes não operadas (EHENO) e 29 voluntárias sadias (VS) foram submetidas à doplerfluxometria na fase lútea média do ciclo menstrual. O índice de resistência (RI) de Pourcelot foi usado como referência RI=[(S-D)/S], em que S significa o pico de velocidade sistólica, e D, o fim da diástole. Escolhia-se o melhor traçado no ramo ascendente da artéria uterina, na artéria ovariana, quando acessível, ou na artéria intraovárica. Quando da existência de corpo lúteo, o RI era medido na periferia do mesmo. Os dados obtidos foram analisados pelos testes de Kruskal-Wallis e Mann-Whitney. RESULTADOS: não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos no que diz respeito às médias dos índices de resistência das artérias ovarianas (Kruskal-Wallis-p=0,50). Foi observada a tendência de que a média dos índices de resistência da artéria uterina direita fosse maior no grupo de EHENO (Kruskal-Wallis-p<0,07); todavia, foi similar no que diz respeito à artéria uterina esquerda (Kruskal-Wallis-p=0,14). Índices de resistência arterial significativamente mais baixos foram observados na periferia do corpo lúteo, quando comparados com os índices das artérias ovarianas contra laterais em todos os grupos (Mann-Whitney-p<0,0001). CONCLUSÕES: não se demonstrou diferença entre os grupos no que diz respeito aos índices de resistência das artérias ovarianas e uterinas. A hipertensão porta em portadoras de doença esquistossomótica na forma hepatoesplênica não altera o fenômeno natural de diminuição do índice de resistência arterial no ovário no qual ocorre a ovulação.
PURPOSE: to evaluate the repercussion of portal hypertension in the indexes of the ovarian, uterine and luteus body periphery arterial resistance, at the medium luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. METHODS: in an observational study with transversal cohort, 28 patients with hepatosplenic schistosomiasis mansoni, submitted to splenectomy and ligation of the left gastric vein (HESO), a similar group of 28 patients who had not had the surgery (HESNO) and 29 healthy volunteers (HV) were submitted to Doppler fluxmetry in the medium luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Pourcelot's resistance index has been used as RI=[(S-D)/S], in which S means the highest systolic speed, and D, the end of diastole. The best record in the ascendant branch of the uterine artery, in the ovarian artery, when accessible, or in the intraovarian artery, was chosen. When the luteus body was present, the RI was measured in its periphery. The data obtained were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests. RESULTS: there was no significant difference among the groups, concerning the mean RI of the ovarian arteries (Kruskal-Wallis, p=0.50). There was a tendency for higher right uterine artery RI in the HESNO group (Kruskal-Wallis, p<0.07), but it was similar in the left uterine artery (Kruskal-Wallis, p=0.14). Arterial RIs significantly lower have been observed in the luteus body periphery, when compared to the contralateral ovarian arteries in all the groups (Mann-Whitney, p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: there was no difference among the groups, regarding the ovarian and uterine RIs. The portal hypertension in patients with hepatosplenic schistosomiasis does not affect the natural phenomenon of arterial RI decrease in the ovary where ovulation occurs.