O uso de óleos essenciais e aromaterapia no trabalho de parto / The use of essential oils and aromatherapy in labor

Introdução: a aromaterapia consiste na utilização de óleos essenciais na prevenção ou no tratamento de diversas afecções humanas. No trabalho de parto, pode ser aplicada para o alívio da dor e ansiedade. Objetivo: identificar na literatura científica sobre o uso da aromaterapia e dos óleos essenciais no manejo do trabalho de parto; e elaborar um protocolo hospitalar, a partir dos achados nas publicações, sobre aromaterapia e aplicação de óleos essenciais no trabalho de parto. Materiais e métodos: trata-se de revisão integrativa da literatura desenvolvida nas bases de dados LILACS, Cochrane Library e Pubmed. Incluíram-se artigos científicos originais publicados no período de 2000 a 2019. O material coletado foi analisado com base na análise temática de conteúdo de Laurence Bardin. Resultados: treze artigos integraram o corpus desta pesquisa. Deles emergiram quatro categorias de análise: 1- Aromaterapia como estratégia para o alívio da dor na fase de dilatação do trabalho de parto; 2- Aromaterapia como estratégia para a redução de ansiedade no trabalho de parto; 3- Métodos de administração dos óleos essenciais no trabalho de parto; e 4- O uso de óleos essenciais para o manejo de sintomas desagradáveis e da progressão do trabalho de parto. Discussão: a partir dos resultados, elaborou-se um protocolo hospitalar sobre o uso de aromaterapia no trabalho de parto. Conclusão: a aromaterapia é uma ferramenta adequada para o cuidado humanizado no manejo da dor e da ansiedade no trabalho de parto, sem efeitos adversos documentados na literatura levantada.

Introduction: aromatherapy consists of the use of essential oils in the prevention or treatment of various human conditions. In labor, it can be applied to relieve pain and anxiety. Objetive: identify in the scientific literature on the use of aromatherapy and essential oils in the management of labor; and to elaborate a hospital protocol, based on the findings in the publications, on aromatherapy and application of essential oils in labor. Materials and Methods: this is an integrative literature review developed in the LILACS, Cochrane Library and Pubmed databases. Original scientific articles published between 2000 and 2019 were included. The material collected was analyzed based on Laurence Bardin's thematic content analysis. Results: thirteen articles integrated the corpus of this research. From them, four categories of analysis emerged: 1- Aromatherapy as a strategy for pain relief in the dilatation phase of labor; 2- Aromatherapy as a strategy to reduce anxiety in labor; 3- Methods of administering essential oils in labor; and 4- The use of essential oils for the management of unpleasant symptoms and the progression of labor. Discussion:based on the results, a hospital protocol was developed on the use of aromatherapy in labor. Conclusions: aromatherapy is an adequate tool for humanized care in the management of pain and anxiety in labor, with no adverse effects documented in the literature surveyed.

Introducción: la aromaterapia consiste en el uso de aceites esenciales en la prevención o tratamiento de diversas afecciones humanas. En el trabajo de parto, se puede aplicar para aliviar el dolor y la ansiedad. Objetivo: identificar en la literatura científica sobre el uso de la aromaterapia y los aceites esenciales en el manejo del parto; y elaborar un protocolo hospitalario, basado en los hallazgos de las publicaciones, sobre aromaterapia y aplicación de aceites esenciales en el trabajo de parto. Materiales y métodos: se trata de una revisión integrativa de la literatura desarrollada en las bases de datos LILACS, Cochrane Library y Pubmed. Se incluyeron artículos científicos originales publicados entre 2000 y 2019. El material recolectado fue analizado con base en el análisis de contenido temático de Laurence Bardin. Resultados: trece artículos integraron el corpus de esta investigación. De ellos surgieron cuatro categorías de análisis: 1- La aromaterapia como estrategia para el alivio del dolor en la fase de dilatación del trabajo de parto; 2- La aromaterapia como estrategia para reducir la ansiedad en el parto; 3- Métodos de administración de aceites esenciales en el trabajo de parto; y 4- El uso de aceites esenciales para el manejo de síntomas desagradables y la progresión del trabajo de parto. Discusión: a partir de los resultados se elaboró un protocolo hospitalario sobre el uso de la aromaterapia en el trabajo de parto. Conclusión: la aromaterapia es una herramienta adecuada para el cuidado humanizado en el manejo del dolor y la ansiedad en el trabajo de parto, sin efectos adversos documentados en la literatura investigada.

Educational technology for primigravidae: a quasi-experimental study / Tecnología educacional para primigestas: estudio casi experimental / Tecnologia educacional para primigestas: estudo quase experimental

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the influence of an educational technology on the knowledge of primigravidae about the signs of labor and obstetric risk. Method: A quasi-experimental, before-and-after, non-randomized and non-concurrent study carried out with 90 primigravidae. For data analysis, descriptive statistics was applied,McNemarandStudent's t test. The project was submitted and approved by the Research Ethics Committee in 2020. Results: The profile of the pregnant women corresponded to women with an average age of 23 years, brown, living in a common-law marriage, and with an average of 10 years of education. Half of the pregnant women were in the third trimester of pregnancy and were undergoing usual-risk prenatal care. Only 12.22% of the participants reported having access to information on the subject. Data analysis showed a significant difference in the number of correct answers for the questions, before and after viewing the animated video, especially in questions related to signs of labor, bag of waters, and fetal movement test. Conclusion: Educational technology has a positive influence on primigravidae's knowledge about signs of labor and obstetric risk.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar la influencia de una tecnología educacional sobre el conocimiento de primigestas acerca de las señales de trabajo de parto y de riesgo obstétrico. Método: Estudio casi experimental del tipo antes y después, no randomizado y no concurrente, realizado con 90 primigestas. Para análisis de los datos fue aplicada estadística descriptiva,McNemaryt Student. El proyecto fue sometido y aprobado por el Comité de Ética en 2020. Resultados: El perfil de las gestantes correspondió a mujeres con edad media de 23 años, pardas, que están en una unión estable y con media de 10 años de escolaridad. Mitad de las embarazadas estaban en el tercer trimestre gestacional y realizaban el preembarazo de riesgo habitual. Solamente el 12,22% de las participantes relataron tener acceso a informaciones sobre la temática. El análisis de los datos evidenció diferencia significativa en el número de aciertos de las cuestiones, antes y después de la visualización del vídeo animado, principalmente en las preguntas relacionadas a las señales del trabajo de parto, bolsa de aguas y conteo de movimientos fetales. Conclusión: La tecnología educacional tiene influencia positiva sobre el conocimiento de las primigestas acerca de las señales de parto y de riesgo obstétrico.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a influência de uma tecnologia educacional sobre o conhecimento de primigestas acerca dos sinais de trabalho de parto e de risco obstétrico. Método: Estudo quase experimental do tipo antes e depois, não randomizado e não concorrente, realizado com 90 primigestas. Para análise dos dados foi aplicada estatística descritiva, McNemar e t Student. O projeto foi submetido e aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa em 2020. Resultados: O perfil das gestantes correspondeu a mulheres com idade média de 23 anos, pardas, que vivenciam uma união estável e com média de 10 anos de escolaridade. Metade das gestantes estavam no terceiro trimestre gestacional e realizavam o pré-natal de risco habitual. Apenas 12,22% das participantes relataram ter acesso a informações sobre a temática. A análise dos dados evidenciou diferença significativa no número de acertos das questões, antes e depois da visualização do vídeo animado, principalmente nas perguntas relacionadas aos sinais de trabalho de parto, bolsa d'águas e mobilograma. Conclusão: A tecnologia educacional tem influência positiva sobre o conhecimento das primigestas acerca dos sinais de trabalho de parto e de risco obstétrico.

Orientações às gestantes no pré-natal: a importância do cuidado compartilhado na atenção primária em saúde / Guidelines to pregnant women: the importance of the shared care in primary health care / Guidelines to pregnant women: the importance of the shared care in primary health care

RESUMO Objetivo Analisar a associação entre a adequação das orientações recebidas durante o pré-natal e o profissional que atendeu a gestante na maioria das consultas na Atenção Primária à Saúde. Método Participaram 3.111 puérperas que realizaram pré-natal pelo Sistema Único de Saúde no Estado de Santa Catarina em 2019, através de questionário aplicado em ambiente hospitalar até 48 horas pós-parto. Analisou-se associação entre a variável de exposição principal e covariáveis, e o desfecho segundo profissional que atendeu no pré-natal. Resultados As orientações mais frequentes foram os sinais de riscos na gestação (80,3%) e riscos de automedicação (76,9%). Observaram-se prevalências abaixo de 50% nas orientações sobre manejo adequado da amamentação (45,9%) e possibilidade de visitar a maternidade antes do parto (38,2%); ter recebido todas as orientações ao menos uma vez durante o pré-natal foi de 18,4%. Gestantes atendidas na maioria das consultas pelos profissionais médico e enfermeiro apresentaram chance 41,0% maior de adequação às orientações, em comparação com aquelas atendidas exclusivamente por médicos. Conclusões e implicações para a prática A prevalência de orientações dadas pelos profissionais de saúde às gestantes foi mais elevada quando o pré-natal foi mais compartilhado entre enfermeiros e médicos, em comparação ao atendimento majoritário por profissional de apenas uma profissão.

RESUMEN Objetivo analizar la asociación entre la adecuación de las directrices recibidas durante la atención prenatal y el profesional que atendió a la mujer embarazada en la mayoría de las consultas en la Atención Primaria de Salud. Método participaron 3.111 mujeres puérperas que recibieron la atención prenatal a través del Sistema Único de Salud en el Estado de Santa Catarina en 2019, a través de un cuestionario aplicado en un entorno hospitalario hasta 48 horas después del parto. Se analizó la asociación entre la variable de exposición principal y las covariables, y el resultado según el profesional que asistió en la atención prenatal. Resultados las directrices más frecuentes fueron los signos de riesgos en el embarazo (80,3%) y los riesgos de automedicación (76,9%). Se observaron prevalencias inferiores al 50% en las directrices sobre el manejo adecuado de la lactancia materna (45,9%) y la posibilidad de visitar la sala de maternidad antes del parto (38,2%); han recibido todas las directrices al menos una vez durante la atención prenatal fue del 18.4%. Las mujeres embarazadas atendidas en la mayoría de las consultas por profesionales médicos y enfermeras tuvieron un 41% más de posibilidades de adecuarse a las directrices en comparación con las que fueron atendidas exclusivamente por médicos. Conclusiones e implicaciones para la práctica la prevalencia de las directrices otorgadas por los profesionales de la salud a las mujeres embarazadas fue mayor cuando la atención prenatal fue más compartida entre las enfermeras y los médicos en comparación con la mayoría de la atención prestada por profesionales de una sola profesión.

ABSTRACT Objective To analyze the association between the adequacy of the guidelines received during prenatal care and the professional who assisted the pregnant woman in most consultations in Primary Health Care. Method 3,111 puerperal women who underwent prenatal care by the Unified Health System in the State of Santa Catarina in 2019 participated, through a questionnaire applied in a hospital environment up to 48 hours postpartum. Association between the main exposure variable and covariates with the outcome according to the professional who carried out the prenatal care was analyzed. Results The most frequent guidelines were the signs of risks during pregnancy (80.3%) and risks of self-medication (76.9%). Prevalences below 50% were observed in the guidelines on adequate breastfeeding management (45.9%) and the possibility of visiting the maternity ward before delivery (38.2%); having received all guidelines at least once during prenatal care was 18.4%. Pregnant women assisted in most consultations by physicians and nurses had a 41,0% greater chance of adequacy in the guidelines compared to those assisted exclusively by physicians. Conclusions and implications for practice The prevalence of guidelines given by health professionals for pregnant women was higher when prenatal care was more shared between nurses and physicians in comparison to the majority of care provided by professionals from only one profession.

Simulação clínica no atendimento de enfermagem à mulher no terceiro trimestre gestacional: validação de cenário / Simulación clínica en la atención de enfermería a mujeres en el tercer trimestre gestacional: validación del escenario / Clinical simulation of nursing care to women in the third trimester of pregnancy: validation of a scenario

Objetivo: Elaborar e validar um cenário para simulação clínica e checklist para avaliação do ensino sobre consulta de enfermagem no terceiro trimestre gestacional. Método: Estudo metodológico em 5 etapas (Overview, Scenario, Scenario Desing Progression, Debriefing e Assessment), desenvolvido de novembro de 2019 a julho de 2020. A validação foi realizada pelos juízes de forma remota, com preenchimento de uma escala likert. Foi calculado o Índice de Validade de Conteúdo (IVC). Resultados: O cenário "Conduta do enfermeiro frente a uma gestante em fase latente do trabalho de parto na consulta de pré-natal" e seu checklist foram validados por 5 juízes, com IVC igual a 1,0. Conclusão: O processo de validação atesta o rigor científico com o qual o cenário e o ckecklist foram elaborados, assim permite que seja utilizado com segurança, no ensino de graduação em enfermagem. Espera-se que este estudo estimule novas pesquisas sobre a temática(AU)

Objective: To develop and validate a clinical simulation scenario and a checklist to evaluate teaching/learning aspects about nursing consultation to pregnant women in the third gestational trimester. Method: Methodological study in 5 stages (Overview, Scenario, Scenario Desing Progression, Debriefing and Assessment), developed from November 2019 to July 2020. The validation was performed remotely by the judges, with the completion of a Likert scale. The Content Validity Index (CVI) was calculated. Results: The scenario "Nurses' actions before a pregnant woman in the latent phase of labor during the prenatal consultation" and its checklist were validated by 5 judges, reaching a CVI equal to 1.0. Conclusion: The validation process attests to the scientific rigor with which the scenario and ckecklist were elaborated and can, therefore, be used safely in undergraduate nursing education. It is hoped that this study will stimulate further research on the subject(AU)

Objetivo: Desarrollar y validar un escenario para la simulación clínica y de un checklist para la evaluación de la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de una consulta de enfermería en el tercer trimestre del embarazo. Método: Estudio metodológico en 5 etapas (Overview, Scenario, Scenario Desing Progression, Debriefing e Assessment) desarrollado de noviembre de 2019 a julio de 2020. La validación fue realizada remotamente por los evaluadores, con la cumplimentación de una escala Likert. Se calculó el Índice de Validez de Contenido (IVC). Resultados: El escenario "Conducta de la enfermera hacia una mujer embarazada latente en el cuidado prenatal" y su checklist fueron validados por cinco evaluadores con un IVC de 1.0. Conclusión: La validación da fe del rigor científico con el que se desarrollaron el escenario y el checklist, lo que permite utilizarlo con seguridad en la educación en enfermería. Se espera que este estudio estimule más investigaciones sobre el tema(AU)

Pattern of live births in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, according to Robson groups and the Kotelchuck index classification - 2015/2016 / Padrão de nascidos vivos no estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, segundo os grupos Robson e a classificação do índice Kotelchuck - 2015/2016

Abstract Objective To investigate the patterns of hospital births in the state of Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil, between 2015 and 2016; considering the classification of obstetric characteristics proposed by Robson and the prenatal care index proposed by Kotelchuck. Methods Data obtained from the Information System on Live Births of the Informatics Department of the Brazilian Unified Health System (SINASC/DATASUS, in the Portuguese acronym) databases were used to group pregnant women relatively to the Robson classification. A descriptive analysis was performed for each Robson group, considering the variables: maternal age, marital status, schooling, parity, Kotelchuck prenatal adequacy index and gestational age. A logistic model estimated odds ratios (ORs) for cesarean sections (C-sections), considering the aforementioned variables. Results Out of the 456,089 live births in Rio de Janeiro state between 2015 and 2016, 391,961 records were retained, 60.3% of which were C-sections. Most pregnant women (58.6%) were classified in groups 5, 2 or 3. The percentage of C-sections in the Robson groups 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 8 was much higher than expected. Prenatal care proved to be inadequate for women who subsequently had a vaginal delivery, had an unfavorable family structure and a lower socioeconomic status (mothers without partners and with lower schooling), compared with those undergoing cesarean delivery. For a sameRobson group, the chance of C-section increases when maternal age rises (OR = 3.33 for 41-45 years old), there is the presence of a partner (OR = 1.81) and prenatal care improves (OR = 3.19 for "adequate plus"). Conclusion There are indications that in the state of RJ, from 2015 to 2016, many cesarean deliveries were performed due to nonclinical factors.

Resumo Objetivo Investigar os padrões dos partos hospitalares no estado do Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brasil, entre 2015 e 2016, considerando a classificação de características obstétricas de Robson e a dos cuidados pré-natais proposta por Kotelchuck. Métodos Dados sistema de informações sobre nascidos vivos (SINASC) do departamento de informática do sistema único de saúde (DATASUS) foram utilizados para agrupar gestantes relativamente à classificação de Robson. Foi efetuada uma análise descritiva para cada grupo de Robson, considerando-se as variáveis idade materna, estado civil, escolaridade, paridade, o índice de Kotelchuck de adequação do pré-natal e a idade gestacional. Também foi realizado o cálculo de razão de chances (RC) para parto cesáreo, considerando-se um modelo logístico. Resultados Dos 456.089 nascimentos vivos ocorridos no RJ de 2015 a 2016, foram incluídos 391.961 registros, sendo 60,3% cesáreas, com maioria de gestantes (58,6%) nos grupos 5, 2 ou 3. O percentual de cesáreas nos grupos 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 e 8 foi bem superior ao sugerido pela literatura. Para gestantes de um mesmo grupo (controladas as demais características), a chance de cesárea se eleva quando aumenta a idade materna (RC = 3,33 para 41-45 anos), existe a presença de um companheiro (RC = 1,81), o nível de escolaridade é maior (RC = 3,11 para ≥ 12 anos) e o pré-natal é mais cuidadoso (RC= 3,19 para "adequado plus"). Conclusão Há indícios que no RJ, de 2015 a 2016, muitos partos cesáreos foram realizados sob influência de fatores extraclínicos.

Ulcerative colitis in the postpartum period

We describe a scarcely reported case in which ulcerative colitis (UC) occurred in the postpartum period. The aims of this case report are to reinforce the recent assertion that a diet is a ubiquitous environmental factor in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and that a plant-based diet (PBD) is recommended for IBD. A 29-year-old woman normally delivered her first child. She first noticed bloody diarrhea 4.5 months after delivery. She was diagnosed with UC (left-sided colitis, moderate severity). Sulfasalazine induced remission. She then experienced and learned about PBD during an educational hospitalization. She resumed breast-feeding and stopped medication. An interview and questionnaire revealed a change in her diet 3 months after delivery, from a sound diet (plant-based diet score: 25) to an unhealthy diet (score: 9). It happened along with a change in residence, from her parent's home where her mother prepared traditional Japanese meals to her home where she prepared meals by herself. A feeling of release from childbirth prompted her to eat sweets and cheese despite being aware that the quality of the meals deteriorated. We described a scarcely reported case in which UC occurred in the postpartum period. It happened along with a change in her diet, from a sound diet to an unhealthy diet due to a feeling of release from childbirth. She replaced an omnivorous diet by PBD and stopped medication. The critical role of diet is largely ignored by healthcare professionals. We believe that greater appreciation of diet will change and improve management of IBD.

Vía de finalización en inducciones de embarazos postérmino, según score de Bishop / Induction of postterm pregnancies according to Bishop score

Objetivo: Determinar la vía de finalización en embarazos pos término de mujeres que fueron internadas para inducción al trabajo de parto y establecer la relación entre la vía de finalización y Bishop de comienzo. Pacientes y métodos: Estudio Observacional, Descriptivo, Transversal, de 2013 a 2014. La población se identificó del SIP de aquellas pacientes con embarazo mayor a 41 semanas internadas para inducción. Test de Fisher exacto o Chi cuadrado para evaluar la siginficancia estadística p=0.05. Resultados: De 197 pacientes, la media fue de 24 años. El 21% comenzó la inducción con Bishop entre 0 y 3 puntos, 59.5% entre 4 y 6 puntos. 13 pacientes recibieron una segunda inducción tras la primera fallida. El 67.5% de las inducciones finalizaron por parto vaginal, 32.5% cesárea. De las mujeres con score 0-3 puntos el 61,5% finalizaron por cesárea, para el segundo grupo (Bishop 4-6) el 71.8% de las inducciones finalizó por parto vaginal, encontrándose una significancia estadística en estas relaciones, test de Fisher=0.000. Conclusiones: Podríamos relacionar el score de Bishop de comienzo de inducción con la vía de finalización y si bien se han encontrado gran porcentaje de partos vaginal con score de 4 en adelante, el 61.5% de las mujeres que pertenecían al grupo de 0-3 finalizaron por la vía quirúrgica por lo que podría recomendarse la maduración cervical previa inducción en este grupo de como estatregia para la reducción de la tasa de cesáreas en inducciones por 41 semanas.

The aim of this report was to present an evaluation of induction of postterm pregnancies according to the ´Bishop score in women admitted for labor induction. Labor induction is an intervention in order to iniciate artificially the uterine contractions to produce the effacement and the dilatation of the uterine cervix and to end with a birth. At present we have three main methods for induction, oxytocin, prostaglandins and amniotomy. The pregnancy chronologically prolongued refers to that simple gestation that reaches or overcomes the 294 days since the date of the last menstruation. It is known that the pregnancies chronologically prolongued are associated with a rise of the maternal and perinatal morbimortality, and therefore, since they are diagnosed. It is mandatory the management toward a minimization of the risks. For these reasons, it is recommended, in the case of a prolonged pregnancy, to consider beneficial to begin the parturition for security reasons for the mother and the fetus. ´These considerations are referred in the article

Labor Onset, Oxytocin Use, and Epidural Anesthesia for Vaginal Birth after Cesarean Section and Associated Effects on Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes in a Tertiary Hospital in China: A Retrospective Study / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>Background</b>In the mainland of China, the trial of labor after cesarean section is still a relatively new technique. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of labor onset, oxytocin use, and epidural anesthesia on maternal and neonatal outcomes for vaginal birth after cesarean section (VBAC) in a tertiary hospital in China.</p><p><b>Methods</b>This was a retrospective study carried out on 212 VBAC cases between January 2015 and June 2017 in Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University. Relevant data were acquired on a form, including maternal age, gravidity and parity, body mass index before pregnancy, weight gain during pregnancy, type of labor onset, gestational age, the use of oxytocin and epidural anesthesia, birth mode, the duration of labor, and neonatal weight. The factors affecting maternal and neonatal outcomes for cases involving VBAC, especially with regards to postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) and fetal distress, were evaluated by univariate analysis and multivariable logistic regression.</p><p><b>Results</b>Data showed that 36 women (17.0%) had postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) and 51 cases (24.1%) featured fetal distress. Normal delivery took place for 163 infants (76.9%) while 49 infants (23.1%) underwent operative vaginal deliveries with forceps. There were 178 cases (84.0%) of spontaneous labor and 34 cases (16.0%) required induction. Oxytocin was used in 54 cases (25.5%) to strengthen uterine contraction, and 65 cases (30.7%) received epidural anesthesia. The rate of normal delivery in cases involving PPH was significantly lower than those without PPH (61.1% vs. 80.1%; χ = 6.07, P = 0.01). Multivariate logistic analysis showed that the intrapartum administration of oxytocin (odds ratio [OR] = 2.47; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.07-5.74; P = 0.04) and birth mode (OR = 0.40; 95% CI = 0.18-0.87; P = 0.02) was significantly associated with PPH in VBAC cases. Operative vaginal delivery occurred more frequently in the group with fetal distress than the group without (49.0% vs. 14.9%, χ = 25.36, P = 0.00). Multivariate logistic analysis also revealed that the duration of total labor (OR = 1.01; 95% CI = 1.00-1.03; P = 0.04) and the gestational week of delivery (OR = 1.08; 95% CI = 1.05-1.11; P = 0.00) were significantly associated with fetal distress in VBAC.</p><p><b>Conclusions</b>The administration of oxytocin during labor and birth was identified as a protective factor for PPH in VBAC while birth mode was identified as a risk factor. Finally, the duration of total labor and the gestational week of delivery were identified as risk factors for fetal distress in cases of VBAC. This information might help obstetricians provide appropriate interventions during labor and birth for VBAC.</p>

Tasa de cesáreas según la clasificación de Robson: análisis comparativo entre dos hospitales universitarios / Tasa de cesáreas según la clasificación de Robson: análisis comparativo entre dos hospitales universitarios

RESUMEN Introducción y objetivos: La ejecución de cesáreas para la interrupción del embarazo y su tasa óptima de utilización ha sido un tema controversial desde sus inicios. En esta línea Robsons y Cols proponen una clasificación para evaluar y comparar de manera eficaz las prácticas realizadas en las distintas instituciones de salud. El objetivo de este trabajo fue comparar la tasa de cesáreas realizadas durante el año 2017 tanto en el Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile (HCUCH) como en el Hospital base San José de Osorno (HBSJO), y de esta forma, describir sus diferencias estadísticas. Métodos: Los resultados se obtuvieron mediante la recopilación de datos del libro de pabellones disponible en ambos departamentos. Resultados: Se observó una diferencia significativa en la interrupción del embarazo vía alta, la que alcanzó un 55,7% en el HCUCH, en contraste con un 35,7% en el HBSJO. En el HCUCH, el 87,8% de la totalidad de los partos correspondieron a mujeres con embarazos de bajo riesgo, realizándose cesárea en el 52,9% de ellas. En el HBSJO en cambio, las cifras fueron de un 74,6% y 32,2% respectivamente. En las únicas categorías en las cuales no existió una diferencia estadísticamente significativa en cuanto a la tasa de cesáreas realizadas fueron las distocias de presentación y los embarazos gemelares, alcanzando un a tasa de 100% en embarazos gemelares en el HBSJO. Las hipótesis que explican estas diferencias radican principalmente en la organización administrativa y a la población atendida en cada hospital. Conclusiones: Los distintos centros asistenciales de nuestro país se rigen por distintas formas de funcionamiento. Esto explica entre otras cosas, la diferencia estadísticamente significativa que se produce al comparar la tasa de cesárea del HCUCH con el HBSJO. Hacemos un llamado en este trabajo a utilizar el método de clasificación de Robson para facilitar la supervisión y la comparación crítica de estos índices en los hospitales.

ABSTRACT Introduction and objectives: The caesarean section execution for the interruption of pregnancy and its optimal rate of use, has been a controversial issue since its inception. In this line Robsons and Cols propose a classification to standardize and effectively compare the practices carried out in the different health institutions. The aim of this study was to compare the rate of cesareans performed during 2017 both at the "University Clinical Hospital of Chile" (HCUCH) and at the "San José de Osorno Hospital" (HBSJO), and in this way, describe their statistical differences. Methods: The results were obtained by collecting data from the pavilion book available in both departments. Results: There was a significant difference in the cesarean rate between both hospitals. This difference reached 55.7% in the HCUCH, in contrast to 35.7% in the HBSJO. In the HCUCH, 87.8% of all the deliveries corresponded to women with low risk pregnancies, with cesarean sections performed in 52.9% of them. On the other hand, in the HBSJO the values were 74.6% and 32.2% respectively. The only categories in which there was no statistically significant difference in the rate of cesarean sections performed, were pregnancies with dystocia presentation and twin pregnancies, reaching a 100% of surgical intervention in this last group. The hypotheses that explain these differences lie mainly in the administrative organization and the population served in each hospital. Conclusions: The different healthcare centers in our country are governed by different ways of functioning. This explains, among other things, the statistically significant difference that occurs when comparing the cesarean rate of the HCUCH and the HBSJO. We encourage in this study to use Robson's classification method to facilitate the supervision and critical comparison of these indices in hospitals.

Inducción al parto en mujeres con score de Bishop desfavorable / LABOUR INDUCTION IN WOMEN WITH UNFAVOURABLE BISHOP'S SCORE

Objetivo: Primario: Determinar vía de finalización del embarazo en mujeres con score de Bishop desfavorable con maduración cervical previa, en relación con aquellas sin maduración, en el Hospital Nacional Posadas, 01/01/2015- 31/12/2015. Secundarios: Establecer indicación de inducción y cesárea; frecuencia de inicio de trabajo de parto y de segunda inducción; resultados perinatales y presencia de complicaciones puerperales. Material y Método: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, transversal. La población fue identificada a partir del SIP. Se realizó un relevamiento de las historias clínicas. Se incluyeron mujeres embarazadas con indicación de inducción al parto, embarazo único a partir de 24 semanas, feto vivo y score de Bishop desfavorable. Las variables se presentan como medidas de frecuencia y tendencia central. Las comparaciones se realizaron a través de Fisher exact test y Chi2 , p valor<=0.05. Resultados: En el periodo estudiado acontecieron 3312 nacimientos de fetos vivos, de los cuales 310 correspondieron a inducciones. El 46% presentaban score de Bishop desfavorable (N=141). El 33% recibió maduración cervical (n=46), de las cuales 56% finalizó por parto vaginal, en comparación con un 39% de las que no la recibieron (n=95) (p=0.04). El 85% de aquellas mujeres que recibieron maduración cervical inició trabajo de parto, frente al 68% de las que no la recibieron (p=0.03). Discusión: Determinamos la importancia de la maduración cervical para el éxito de inducciones con score de Bishop desfavorable. Consideramos de importancia la disponibilidad del mismo a nivel público, para garantizar el acceso de las mujeres a todas las herramientas disponibles para un nacimiento seguro

Objectives: Primary: To determine the mode of birth in women with unfavorable Bishop score with prior cervical ripening, compare to those without maduration, Posadas National Hospital, 01/01 / 2015-31 / 12/2015. Secondary: To establish inductions and cesarean section indications; begin labour active phase frecuency and second induction frecuency; perinatal outcomes and puerperal complications. Patients and methods: Observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study. The population was identified from SIP. A survey of medical records was performed. Inclusion criteria were labour induction, after 24 weeks, live fetus and unfavorable Bishop score. The variables are presented as measures of frequency and central tendency. Comparisons were made by Fisher exact test and Chi2 , p value <= 0.05. Results: 3312 births of live fetuses, of which 310 were inductions. 46% had unfavorable Bishop score (N=141). 33% received cervical ripening (n=46), 56% vaginal delivery , compared with 39% cesarean section (n=95) (p=0.04). 85% of women who received cervical ripening, began with labour active phase, compared with 68% of those who did not (p=0.03).Discussion: We determine the importance of cervical ripening for successful inductions with unfavorable Bishop score. We consider important the availability of the public level, to ensure access of women to all available tools for a safe birth.

Guía de práctica clínica prevención del parto prematuro / Preterm birth prevention clinical practice guide

Generar recomendaciones basadas en la mejor evidencia disponible acerca de la prevención primaria, secundaria y terciaria del parto prematuro.

Induction of labour; efficacy of sweeping of membranes at term in previous one C-section

It is now widely accepted that trial for vaginal delivery should be attempted unless a genuine indication exists for C- section. To determine the efficacy of membrane sweeping for onset of labor till 41 weeks of gestation and mode of delivery in patients with previous one cesarean section [C-Section]. Randomized control trial. Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Benazir Bhutto hospital, Rawalpindi. Jan 2008 to Dec 2008. Pregnant women with previous one C- section were randomly allocated to Group-A [sweeping of membrane] and Group-B [no intervention] each having 55 patients. There was no absolute indication of cesarean section in present pregnancy. After complete antenatal examination, tests like CBC, urine DR, BSR, urea, creatitnine, screening for hepatitis B and C were done. In group A, digital sweeping of fetal membranes was started a 37 weeks and was done every 3rd day till she went into the labor or she reached 41 weeks. At 41 weeks of gestation, if she did not go into labor, induction with prostaglandin or elective C-section was done depending upon the bishop score. In group B, patients awaited spontaneous onset of labor till 41 weeks. After 41 weeks induction with prostaglandin or elective C- cesarean section was done. In Group A, 43 [78.18%] patients had onset of labour after sweeping of membranes while 12 [21.82%] patients had no onset of labour. In Group-B, 28 patients [50.90%] had spontaneous onset of labor while 27 [49.10%] had no onset of labours. In Group-A, 34 [61.82%] patients and in Group-B only 14 [25.45%] were delivered vaginally [p Value 0.001]. In Group-A, lower segment cesarean section was done in 6 [10.91%] patients while in Group-B, 23 [41.82%] had cesarean section [p Value 0.001]. Assisted vaginal delivery was done in 15 [27.27%] in Group-A while 18 [32.73%] patients in Group-B had assisted vaginal delivery [p Value 0.533]. In patients with previous one cesarean section, the efficacy of membrane sweeping in terms of onset of labor and normal vaginal delivery is significantly higher as compared to patients who had no sweeping of membranes

General anesthesia for primary pulmonary hypertension patient during labour: a case report

The management of PPH is a challenge for the anesthesiologist because the risk of right sided heart failure and mortality are markedly increased. Here we describe a case of a 25-year- old pregnant woman presenting with severe PPH with high systolic pulmonary artery pressure [SPAP] that equals the systemic arterial blood pressure. Her Echocardiogram showed severe right ventricular [RV] dilatation and hypertrophy [RVH], she had an elective Caesarean section under general anesthesia at 32 weeks gestation. Pulmonary artery pressure [PAP] measured by a pulmonary artery catheter before induction of anesthesia was 102 mm Hg! Intraoperatively; nitroglycerin and nitric oxide [NO] were used to reduce SPAP. After the delivery of a healthy infant; she was transferred to the critical care unite where extubation done after 9 hours later. SPAP was controlled with NO 20 p.p.m while patient still intubated. After extibation, nitroglycerin, nebulized iloprost, and silandifil used to control PAP. Five days later she transferred from intensive care, and discharged from hospital on day 14. She maintained on silandifil 50 mg three times daily and warfarin. She was given the appropriate outpatient clinic appointments to be referred to the heart lung transplant service

Effect of moxibustion at Sanyinjiao (SP 6) on delivery stage and postpartum bleeding of primipara / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effect of moxibustion at Sanyinjiao (SP 6) on delivery stage of primipara.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty cases of primipara were divided into a moxibustion at Sanyinjiao group, a non-acupoint group and a blank group. When the diameter of wormb mouth opened to 2-3 cm, showing that it entered into active stage of uterine contraction, moxibustion at Sanyinjiao (SP 6) for primipara was applied in moxibustion at Sanyinjiao group; moxibustion was applied at 1 cun towards radialis from the region where 2 cun above Kongzui (LU 6) in non-acupoint group, 30 minutes treatment was for both groups. There was no intervention in blank group. After delivery, the time of first,second and third delivery stages and postpartum bleeding 2 hours after delivery were compared among three groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The active duration of first delivery stage in moxibustion at Sanyinjiao group was significantly shorter than that in the other two groups (P < 0.05, P < 0.01); the duration of the second delivery stage in moxibustion at Sanyinjiao group was significantly shorter than that in the other two groups (both P < 0.05) as well; the postpartum bleeding 2 hours after delivery in moxibustion at Sanyinjiao group was less than other two groups and the difference was statistic significant between moxibustion at Sanyinjiao group and blank group (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>By moxibustion at Sanyinjiao (SP 6), the active duration of first delivery stage and the duration of second delivery stage are markedly shortened, postpartum bleeding 2 hours after delivery is obviously reduced, and the safety of vaginal delivery is increased.</p>

Correlation between myometrial thickness and the latency interval in preterm premature rupture of membranes

In order to predict the time of labor in patients with preterm premature rupture of membrane [PPROM], different factors have been studied resulting in different detection rates. Recently, sonographic measurement of myometrial thickness [MT] has been introduced and studied as an applicable and noninvasive method in predicting the length of latency interval [LI] of labor [the period from PPROM to start of labor]. The objective of our study was to determine the correlation between MT and LI in pregnant women with PPROM led to oligohydramnios. This was a cross-sectional study on 24 cases with PPROM. The sonographic measurement of myometrial thickness and the latency interval of patients with PPROM without labor pain were recorded. Gestational age was between 26-34 weeks and amniotic fluid index [AFI] was less than 5 percentile. The data were analyzed using SPSS software. The mean +/- SD maternal age was 29.2 +/- 1.2 years. The AFI in all women was less than 5% percentile of normal fluid for that gestational age. The mean +/- SD of gestational age was 29.1 +/- 2.2 weeks. The mean +/- SD of MT was 6.5 +/- 1.5 mm interiorly, 7.9 +/- 4.2 mm fundal, 6.6 +/- 1.7 mm in the lower segment and 7.8 +/- 2.2 mm laterally. The mean LT was 545 +/- 4.7 hours. Our study showed that there is no significant correlation between MT and LI in pregnant women with PPROM and reduced AFI

Expression of Calponin-1 and Transgelin in human uterine smooth muscles in non-labor and labor situation / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the expression of Calponin-1 and Transgenlin in the uterine smooth muscles during normal labor on-sets, and to evaluate their effect on initiating the normal labor.@*METHODS@#A total of 14 uterine bodies and lower segments of human pregnancy were divided to a non-labor group (NIL) and a labor group(IL). Immunohistochemical technology and Western blot were used to determine the expression of Calponin-1 and Transgelin in the 2 groups.@*RESULTS@#Immunohistochemical detection and Western blot showed that Calponin-1 protein in the uterine smooth muscle tissue of the body and the lower uterine segment of smooth muscle tissues had significant difference (P0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Calponin-1 of the uterine smooth muscle and Transgelin of the uterine body smooth muscle may involve in the regulation of uterine smooth muscle contractility, which is closely related to child birth launch.

Outcome of primigravida with unengaged versus engaged fetal head at term or onset of labor

The objectives of the study were to compare the progress of labour, need of medical and surgical interventions and fetomaternal outcome in primigravidae with non-engaged versus engaged fetal head at term or onset of labour. This study was performed at Services Hospital from July 2008 to December 2008. A total of 200 cases were studied over a six months period. Among these, 100 had engaged head and 100 had unengaged fetal head. Among these 100 women with unengaged head 62% had normal vaginal delivery and 38% had Caesarean delivery versus 85% normal vaginal delivery in engaged group. No etiology was found for unengaged fetal head in 46% cases. Duration of labour was prolonged and there was a greater need for active medical and surgical intervention in the unengaged group. There was no significant difference in maternal and neonatal morbidity between the two groups. Thus primigravidae with unengaged fetal head at term or onset of labour should be considered high risk and with proper monitoring and maintainence of partogram vaginal delivery is possible in majority with minimal fetomaternal morbidity

[ relationship between early admission in labor and the occurrence of obstetrical complications]

We evaluated the effect of the timing of admission in labor on the occurrence of obstetrical complications. The study involved a comparison between 460 low-risk nulliparous women who were admitted on labor unit in latent phase with 329 parturients admitted in the active phase with singleton pregnancy, intact membranes, and low risk as determined by their physicians according to the protocols of prenatal care. There were more cesarean deliveries in the latent phase than in the active phase [64/5% vs24/3% P < 0/0001] .The main reasons for cesarean delivery in the latent phase and active phase were dystocia and fetal distress. The rate of dystocia in the latent phase was greater than in the active phase. [32/6% vs 24/3% P=0/0048]. The oxytocin dose was greater in the latent phase than in the active phase [1/1 +/- 0/7 vs 0/18 +/- 0/1]. Our results show that more cesarean operations are performed in women admitted during the latent phase of labor

Low-energy semiconductor laser intranasal irradiation of the blood improves blood coagulation status in normal pregnancy at term / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the effect of low-energy semiconductor laser intranasal irradiation of the blood on blood coagulation status in healthy pregnant women at term.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Low-energy semiconductor laser was introduced into the nasal cavity in 126 healthy pregnant women at term and 123 healthy young unmarried women as the control group. The plasma prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time (TT), and fibrinogen levels were examined using transmissive turbidimetry after the therapy.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>PT, APTT and TT levels were significantly lowered, whereas fibrinogen level significantly increased in the healthy pregnant women before the laser therapy as compared with those in the control group (P<0.01). After intranasal laser therapy, these parameters were significantly improved in the healthy pregnant women (P<0.05) although there were differences from those of the control group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Low-energy semiconductor laser intranasal irradiation of the blood can effectively improve high blood coagulation status in healthy pregnant women at term.</p>