Principales plantas medicinales disponibles en Guatemala con actividad contra virus respiratorios que infectan al ser humano ­ Revisión narrativa / Main medicinal plants available in Guatemala with activity against respiratory virus that infects the human being ­ Narrative review

Las infecciones respiratorias constituyen una importante causa de morbilidad y mortalidad a nivel mundial, incrementándose su relevancia ante la reciente infección por SARS-CoV-2, causante de la pandemia de COVID-19. Las opciones terapéuticas para esta infección respiratoria son escasas y sin eficacia comprobada. El objetivo de esta revisión fue buscar la información sobre plantas con actividad antiviral o viricida publicada en los últimos 10 años, en las bases de datos de Google Scholar, Scopus y PubMed. La búsqueda priorizó aquellas especies disponibles en Guatemala, la cual se complementó con la búsqueda de moléculas con actividad antiviral para finalmente postular aquellas que puedan prevenir la infección o aminorar la patogénesis del SARS-CoV-2. Se detectaron más de 170 especies con actividad antiviral y se organizó la información por país o región y tipo de actividad antiviral contra virus específicos. De las especies de mayor disponibilidad en Guatemala se seleccionaron 20. La revisión culmina con 15 artículos que proponen plantas o moléculas con potencial actividad específica en el manejo de la pandemia por SARS-CoV-2. Se concluye que existen especies vegetales (Curcuma longa, Echinacea purpurea, Psidium guajava, Allium sativum, Salvia officinalis y Eucalyptus globulus) y fitocompuestos vegetales (hesperidina, rutina, diosmina, apiina, aloe-emodina, piperina, capsaicina, curcumina, oleuropeina, rhamnetina y gallato de epicatequina) que podrían contribuir al manejo de la enfermedad. Se insta a académicos y autoridades a poner más atención a estas opciones terapéuticas que nos ofrece la naturaleza y que podrían contribuir a aliviar el colapso de los sistemas de salud prevalentes.

Respiratory infections are an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, increasing their relevance by the recent SARS-CoV-2 infection causing the COVID-19 pandemic. Therapeutic options for this respiratory infection are scarce and without proven effectiveness. The objective of this review was the search for information on plants with antiviral or viricidal activity published in the last 10 years in the Google Scholar, Scopus, and PubMed databases. The search prioritized those species available in Guatemala, was completed with the search of molecules with potential to prevent infection or reduce the activity of SARS-CoV-2 infection. More than 170 species with antiviral activity were detected and the information organized in surveys by country or region, activity against specific viruses and antiviral information on the 20 most commonly available species in the country. It is complemented with a summary of 15 articles that proposed plants or molecules with potential specific activity in the management of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. It is concluded there are plant species (Curcuma longa, Echinacea purpurea, Psidium guajava, Allium sativum, Salvia officinalis and Eucalyptus globulus) and phytocompounds isolated from these species (hesperidin, rutin, diosmin, apiine, aloe-emodin, piperine, capsaicin, curcumin, oleuropein and epicatechin gallate) that could contribute to the management of the disease. Academics and authorities are urged to pay more attention to these therapeutic options that nature offer to us and could contribute to alleviate the collapse of the prevailing health systems in the country.

Efeito antioxidante da diosmina: revisão integrativa / The diosmin antioxidant effect: an integrative review

O estresse oxidativo está relacionado ao desenvolvimento de muitas enfermidades e atualmente tem-se utilizado a Diosmina visando reduzi-lo. O objetivo deste estudo é identificar através da literatura o efeito antioxidante da Diosmina. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo bibliográfico de revisão integrativa, realizada a partir artigos que abordassem o tema pesquisado publicados entre 2013 a 2017 oriundos das bases de dados eletrônicas PubMed e Bireme. Foram analisados 9 artigos. Os estudos avaliados evidenciam que com a utilização da Diosmina há uma elevação da quantidade no organismo de enzimas que combatem o estresse oxidativo como, catalase e outras. E também que ocorreu a redução do Malondialdeído. Conclui-se com esse estudo que a Diosmina contribui para o combate das lesões desencadeadas pelo desequilíbio no status redox que estimula o aumento de antioxidantes enzimáticos e inibe a formação de malondialdeído, assim colaborando para a diminuição de danos aos tecidos.

Oxidative stress is related to the development of multiple diseases and some studies objective to identify the effect of natural substances in lesions caused by it. One of these substances is Diosmin, a flavonoid found in citric fruits. The objective of this study was to identify through the literature the anti-oxidative effect of Diosmin. It is a descriptive and bibliographic study of integrative revision, based on articles which discussed the researched topic published between 2013 and 2017 using the electronic database PubMed and Bireme. 9 articles were analyzed. The studies evaluated show that the use of Diosmin rises the activity of enzymes which fight against oxidative stress, as catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione. There was reduction of the concentration of malondialdehyde. It was proved with this study that Diosmin contributes to the fight against lesions caused by the unbalance between the redox status, stimulating the rise of activity of enzymatic anti-oxidants and reducing the production of malondialdehyde, collaborating to the reduction of damage to tissues generated by stress oxidative.

Sepsis-induced acute kidney injury: kidney protection effects by antioxidants / Lesión renal aguda inducida por sepsis: efecto de protección renal de los antioxidantes / Lesão renal aguda induzida pela sepse: efeito de proteção renal dos antioxidantes

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the antioxidant action of N-acetylcysteine and diosmin-hesperidin in an experimental model of sepsis-induced acute kidney injury in rats. Methods: The study used 20 Wistar adult male rats divided into the following groups: control (laparotomy with no induction of abdominal sepsis), sepsis (experimental model of sepsis with cecal ligation and puncture), N-acetylcysteine + sepsis and diosmin-hesperidin + sepsis. The evaluation contemplated physiological parameters (temperature, glycemia, and average blood pressure), kidney function (creatinine clearance), oxidative stress (urinary peroxides) and kidney histology. Results: The animals submitted to cecal ligation and puncture (sepsis) presented lower body temperature, lower average blood pressure, reduced creatinine clearance and increased urinary hydrogen peroxide levels. Treatment with diosmin-hesperidin improved kidney function and led to a reduction in the excretion of oxidative metabolites. Conclusion: The present study highlighted the protective antioxidant action of diosmin-hesperidin in the experimental model of sepsis-induced acute kidney injury.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Evaluar la acción antioxidante de agentes como la N-acetilcisteína y Diosmina-Hesperidina en modelo experimental de lesión renal aguda inducida por sepsis en ratones. Método: Fueron utilizados veinte ratones Wistar, adultos y machos, divididos en los grupos: Control (laparotomía sin inducción de sepsis abdominal), Sepsis (modelo experimental de sepsis con ligadura y punción de ciego-LPC), N-acelsisteína+Sepsis y Diosmina Hesperidina+Sepsis. Se evaluaron parámetros fisiológicos (temperatura, glucemia y presión arterial promedio), la función renal (clearance de creatinina), el estrés oxidativo (peróxidos urinarios) e histología renal. Resultados: Los animales sometidos a LPC (sepsis) presentaron reducción de la temperatura corporal, de la presión arterial promedio, del clearance de creatinina e incremento de niveles de peróxidos de hidrógeno urinarios. El tratamiento con Diosmina-Hesperidina mejoró la función renal, reduciendo la excreción de metabolitos oxidativos. Conclusión: Este estudio destacó la acción renoprotectora antioxidante de la Diosmina-Hesperidina en el modelo experimental de lesión renal aguda inducida por sepsis.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a ação antioxidante de agentes como a N-acetilcisteína e diosmina-hesperidina em modelo experimental de lesão renal aguda induzida pela sepse em ratos. Método: Foram utilizados vinte ratos Wistar, adultos e machos, divididos nos seguintes grupos: Controle (laparotomia sem indução de sepse abdominal), Sepse (modelo experimental de sepse com ligadura e punção do cécum- LPC), N-acetilcisteína+Sepse e Diosmina Hesperidina+Sepse. Foram avaliados parâmetros fisiológicos (temperatura, glicemia e pressão arterial média), função renal (clearance de creatinina), estresse oxidativo (peróxidos urinários) e histologia renal. Resultados: Os animais submetidos à LPC (sepse) apresentaram redução da temperatura corporal, da pressão arterial média, do clearance de creatinina e elevação nos níveis de peróxidos de hidrogênio urinários. O tratamento com a Diosmina-Hesperidina melhorou a função renal com redução na excreção dos metabólitos oxidativos. Conclusão: Este estudo destacou a ação renoprotetora antioxidante da Diosmina-Hesperidina no modelo experimental de lesão renal aguda induzida pela sepse.

TeleCondutas: hemorroidas / TeleGuides: hemorrhoids

Hemorroidas são coxins vasculares normais do canal anal. São formados por espaços vasculares (sinusoides), tecido elástico e conjuntivo, e músculo liso. Sua função é proteger os esfíncteres anais subjacentes e contribuir para a continência fecal. Reservamos o termo "doença hemorroidária" para quando existem sintomas relacionados à sua presença. É mais prevalente em pessoas com idade entre 45 e 65 anos, tendo como principal causa o esforço evacuatório repetitivo, que determina o estiramento do tecido de sustentação dos plexos. Constipação, esforço evacuatório prolongado e gestação são seus principais fatores de risco. Esta guia apresenta informação que orienta a conduta para casos de hemorroidas no contexto da Atenção Primária à Saúde, incluindo: classificação das hemorroidas, sinais e sintomas, diagnóstico, tratamento da doença hemorroidária na APS, tratamento no serviço especializado, indicação de colonoscopia e encaminhamento para serviço especializado.

Use of pure diosmin 600 mg in chronic venous disease: a review of the literature / Utilização de diosmina 600 Mg na insuficiência venosa crônica: revisão da literatura

Chronic Venous Disorder (CVD) is a term used to represent all abnormal clinical changes that result from venous disease of the lower extremities, and that have a chronic pattern. This disease has a documented socioeconomic impact, involving a significant part of the western populations, and consuming 2-3% or more of societies? health budgets. This review of the literature focuses on diosmin, a benzopyrone phlebotonic, specifically mechanisms of action as well as preclinical and clinical evidence.

Prevenção da nefrotoxicidade da anfotericina B por meio do uso de fitomedicamentos / Prevención de la nefrotoxicidad por anfotericina B utilizando fito / Prevention of amphotericin B nephrotoxicity through use of phytotherapeutic medication

RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar ação renoprotetora dos flavonoides diosmina e hesperidina na prevenção da nefrotoxicidade da anfotericina B em modelo experimental com ratos. Método Ratos Wistar, adultos, machos foram distribuídos nos seguintes grupos: Salina; diosmina hesperidina (animais receberam 50 mg/kg de diosmina hesperidina em água de bebedouro por dez dias); Anfotericina B (animais receberam 15 mg/kg/dia de anfotericina B intraperitoneal por cinco dias); Anfotericina B+diosmina hesperidina. Foram avaliados função renal, fração de excreção de sódio, potássio e magnésio e os metabólitos oxidativos. Resultados O tratamento com anfotericina B reduziu a função renal, vista peloclearance de creatinina, elevou os marcadores de função tubular como a fração de excreção de sódio, potássio, magnésio e dos metabólitos oxidativos. O pré-condicionamento com diosmina hesperidina elevou o clearance de creatinina e atenuou da lesão tubular e oxidativa. Conclusão A administração de anfotericina B resultou no declínio da função renal com lesão tubular e a diosmina hesperidina demonstrou efeito renoprotetor antioxidante.

RESUMEN Objetivo Evaluar la acción renoprotetora de flavonoides, diosmina y hesperidina en la prevención de la nefrotoxicidad de Anfotericina B en un modelo experimental de animales. Método Ratones Wistar, adultos y machos distribuidos en los grupos: Salina (controle); Diosmina Hesperidina (50 mg/kg de diosmina hesperidina en agua, durante diez días); Anfotericina B (15 mg/kg de anfotericina B intraperitoneal durante cinco días); Anfotericina B+Diosmina Hesperidina. Función renal, la excreción fraccional de sodio, potasio en magnesio en los metabolitos oxidativos se realizaron. Resultado El tratamiento con anfotericina B reduce el clearance de creatinina, aumento de la fracción de excreción de sodio, potasio, magnesio y metabolitos oxidativos. El pretratamiento con hesperidina diosmina aumentó el aclaramiento de creatinina y la atenuación del daño tubular y oxidativa. Conclusión La administración de anfotericina B dio como resultado la disminución de la función renal con lesión tubular y la diosmina hesperidina demostró efecto renoprotector antioxidante.

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the effect of diosmin and hesperidin flavonoids in the prevention of amphotericin B nephrotoxicity, through an experimental model on rats. Method Adult, male Wistar rats were distributed into the following groups: saline; diosmin hesperidin (animals that received 50 mg/kg of diosmin hesperidin, drinking water, for ten days); amphotericin B (animals that received 15 mg/kg/day of amphotericin B through intraperitoneal treatment for five days); amphotericin B+diosmin hesperidin. Renal function, fractional excretion of sodium; potassium and magnesium and oxidative metabolites were evaluated. Results Treatment with amphotericin B reduced renal function, as shown by the clearance of creatinine, increased tubular function markers and fractional excretion of sodium, potassium, magnesium and oxidative metabolites. Pre-treatment with diosmin hesperidin ameliorated clearance of creatinine and reduced tubular and oxidative injury. Conclusion Administration of amphotericin B resulted in reduction of renal function with tubular injury, and diosmin hesperidin showing an antioxidant protective effect on the kidneys.

Protective effect of diosmin against diabetic neuropathy in experimental rats / 中西医结合学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of diosmin in diabetic neuropathy in type 2 diabetic rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Type 2 diabetes was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (35 mg/kg) and high-fat diet. Four weeks after the confirmation of diabetes, diabetic rats were treated with diosmin (50 and 100 mg/kg, p.o.) for next 4 weeks. Rats were evaluated for biochemical, behavioral and oxidative stress parameters. Eddy's hot plate and tail immersion test were performed on 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th and 10th weeks of experiment to assess thermal hyperalgesia and cold allodynia respectively. Further, the walking function test was performed for assessing the motor responses at the end of the treatment schedule.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Rats were fed with high-fat diet throughout the experiment schedule and administration of low-dose streptozotocin induced significant elevation in blood glucose level and insulin resistance which was confirmed by oral glucose tolerance test. Treatment with diosmin at doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg significantly restored the reduced body weight, elevated blood sugar and lipid profiles. Further the dose-dependent improvement was observed in thermal hyperalgesia, cold allodynia and walking function in diabetic rats treated with diosmin. Elevated levels of malondialdehyde, and nitric oxide and decreased glutathione levels and superoxide dismutase activity in diabetic rats were restored significantly after the 4 weeks of diosmin treatment.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Diosmin has shown beneficial effect in preventing the progression of early diabetic neuropathy in rats.</p>

Diosmin Reduces Calcium Oxalate Deposition and Tissue Degeneration in Nephrolithiasis in Rats: A Stereological Study

PURPOSE: Kidney stones (nephrolithiasis) are a widespread disease. Thus, blocking stone formation and finding new therapeutic methods is an important area of study. Diosmin (a major component of the bile) is known to have antioxidant as well as renoprotective effects. The present investigation aimed to evaluate the effect of diosmin on renal tissue protection in rats with ethylene glycol-induced nephrolithiasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The rats were randomly divided into three groups. Group one (control) did not receive any treatments. In groups two and three, nephrolithiasis was induced by 2.5% (V/V) ethylene glycol + 2.5% (W/V) ammonium chloride (2 mL/d). The second and the third groups received distilled water or diosmin (80 mg/kg/d) by gavage for 21 days. RESULTS: Stereological estimation of the renal structures revealed that the average volume of calcium oxalate (CaOx) in the nephrolithiasis+diosmin rats was -63% less than in the rats with untreated nephrolithiasis (p<0.01). The volume of the glomeruli, proximal and distal convoluted tubules, Henle's loop, collecting ducts, and vessels was reduced -32% to 58% after the induction of nephrolithiasis (p<0.001). In the nephrolithiasis+diosmin rats, on average, -70% to 96% of the glomeruli, proximal convoluted tubules, Henle's loop collecting ducts, and vessels remained intact (p<0.01). Degeneration of the cortical tissue was 5-fold that of the medulla. In the nephrolithiasis+diosmin rats, degeneration in the renal cortical tissue and medulla was reduced -70% and 44%, respectively, compared with that in the untreated nephrolithiasis group (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Diosmin reduces CaOx deposition and the degeneration of glomeruli and tubules in a rat model of nephrolithiasis.

The effects of flavanoid on the treatment of hepatopulmonary syndrome / 대한외과학회지

PURPOSE: Hepatopulmonary syndrome is an arterial oxygenation disorder brought about by advanced liver failure and pulmonary vascular dilatations. The reason why hypoxia develops in hepatopulmonary syndrome depends on the broadening of perialveolar capillary veins. Our study aims to investigate the effects of Flavanoid on hepatopulmonary syndrome through its inhibition of nitric oxide. METHODS: Three groups, each having 8 rats, were formed within the scope of our study. Group I (the control group) only received laparatomy, group II received choledoch ligation, and group III was administered Flavanoid (90% flavonoid diosmin, 10% flavonoid hesperidin) following choledoch ligation. The rats were administered Flavanoid at week two following choledoch ligation. The rats' livers and lungs were examined histopathologically following a five-week follow-up and the perialveolar vein diameters were measured. Arterial blood gases and biochemical parameters were evaluated. RESULTS: It was seen that fibrosis and oxidative damage in the liver with obstructive jaundice as well as hypoxia with pulmonary perialveolar vein sizes were significantly lower than the other group with cirrhosis formed through the administration of Flavanoid. CONCLUSION: We have concluded that Flavanoid administration might be useful in the treatment of hypoxia in hepatopulmonary syndrome and the delay of cirrhosis contraction.

Chemical constituents contained in seeds of Notopterygium franchetii / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the chemical constituents from the seeds of Notopterygium franchetii.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Ethanol extracts of seeds N. franchetii were separated and purified by such methods as normal and reversed phase column chromatographies and thin-layer chromatography and structurally elucidated by MS and NMR evidences.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Twenty nine compounds were separated, they were isoimperatorin (1), [3-sitosterol (2), phellopterin (3), bergapten (4), N-tetra, hexa, octacosanoylanthranilic acid (5-7), daucosterol (8), oxypeucedanin hydrate (9), umbelliferone (10), demethylfuropinnarin (11), (2S, 3S, 4R, 8E)-2-[(2'R)- 2'-hydroxydoco, trico, tetraco, entaco, hexaco sanosylamino] -octadecene-1, 3, 4-triol (12-16), (-)-oxypeucedanin (17), diosmetin (18), bergaptol-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (19), nodakenin (20), 1'-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(2R, 3S)-3-hydroxynodakenetin (21), uracil (22), decuroside V (23), 8-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-5-hydroxypsoralen (24), 8-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-5-methoxylpsoralen (25), diosmin (26), alaschanioside C (27), kynurenic acid (28) and mannitol (29).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>All of these compounds were separated from the seeds of N. franchetii for the first time. Of them, 18, 22, 26 and 29 were firstly obtained from genus Notopterygium.</p>

Estudo comparativo das formulações de diosmina/hesperidina comprimidos e sachê no tratamento da dor e edema dos membros inferiores na doença venosa crônica / Comparative study of the formulations of diosmin/hesperidin and sachet in the treatment of the pain and edema of inferior members in the chronic venous disease

Contexto: No tratamento clínico da doença venosa crônica medicamentos são utilizados com duas doses diárias, dificultando a adesão ao tratamento. A utilização de uma única dose em forma de sachê minimizaria este obstáculo. Objetivos: Comparar eficácia no tratamento e a segurança de três formulações distintas, duas de 450 mg de diosmina/50 mg de hesperidina (Daflon 500®, Diosmin® comprimidos) e uma de 900 mg de diosmina/100 mg de hesperidina (Diosmin 1g sachê). Método: Foram incluídos 94 pacientes com varizes de membros inferiores, dor e/ou edema de membros inferiores característicos de doença venosa crônica (CEAP 2 ou 3). Atribuímos uma nota a dor, utilizando Escala Visual Analógica (EVA) e medimos a circunferência das pernas. sendo os pacientes randomizados em três grupos de tratamentos:Grupo A: 31 com Daflon 500®, um comprimido tomado duas vezes ao dia Grupo B: 31 com Diosmin 500®, um comprimido tomado duas vezes ao dia e Grupo C: 32 com Diosmin 1 g sachê, um sachê ao dia. Reavaliados após 14 dias para coleta dos dados. Resultados: Na avaliação da dor pela EVA na pior perna foi encontrada variação estatisticamente significante nos três grupos de estudo (p < 0,001), com reduções significantes nas pontuações. Quanto à comparação entre os grupos quanto à média de redução na EVA e à média de redução na medida da circunferência da pior perna avaliada não foi encontrada diferença estatisticamente significante entre os grupos. Conclusão: Os três medicamentos avaliados foram semelhantes em eficácia e segurança.

Determination of diosmin in pharmaceutical formulations using fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry

A Fourier transform infrared [FT-IR] spectrometric method was developed for the rapid, direct measurement of diosmin in different pharmaceutical drugs. Conventional KBr- spectra were compared for best determination of active substance in commercial preparations. The Beer-Lambert law and two chemometric approaches, partial least squares [PLS] and principal component regression [PCR+] methods, were tried in data processing

Prognostic value of serum pepsinogen isoenzymes in H. pylor eradication and other treatment modalities on the course of congestive gastropathy

Portal hypertensive gastropathy [PRG] is a common finding in patients with liver cirrhosis. Reduced gastric mucosal defense caused by H pylon may account for the pathogenesis of GI lesions in liver cirrhosis. Pepsinogens are secreted by chief cells in the fundus and body, The ratio of pepsinogen isozymes I and II in serum has good correlation with presence of metaplastic atrophic gastritis Most of the studies showed no relationship between H. pylon infection and congestive gastropathy in Fiver cirrhosis. The aim of this work is to estimate the prognostic value of serum levels of pepsinogen isoenzymes I and II and their ratio in addition to investigate the role and the eradication of H. pylon in the treatment of portal hypertensive gastropathy in comparison with other suggested treatments such as Daflon, sucralfait, propranolol and verapamil. Our intimate aim is to find .a simple treatment; if possible, for such common gastro-intestinal disease. This study included 64 cirrhotic patients divided into three groups: Group I: included 21 patients with congestive gastropathy and H. pylon infection and were treated with eradication therapy for H. pylon. Group 11: included 20 patients without H. pylon infection and without history of injection sclerotherapy are treated with sucralfait and Daflon. Group III: 23 patients without H. pylon infection and with history of injection sclerotherapy are treated with propranolol and verapamil. Upper endoscopy and gastric biopsies for histopathology and H. pylon staining before and after treatment were done in all patients in addition to pepsinogen isoenzymes I and II, serology and other routine tests. The three types of therapy showed significant clinical improvement in these patients. Most of these patients are suffering from dyspeptic symptoms in the form of epigastric discomfort and pain after meals, flatulence and distension. This was more marked in patients with H pylon infection. Serum Pepsinogen I levels and PG I/lI ratio were significantly less in group I with H pylon infection than groups II and III [P<0.001]. There is substantial improvement after treatment in all patients that was most marked in patients of group I after eradication of H pylon. Serum Pepsinogen I levels and PG I/Il ratio in group I showed significant increase after eradication of H pylon [P<0.001]. PHG was improved significantly in all groups. Also, there were no differences in the response of PHG in the three groups. Comparison of the response of oesophageal varices to therapy between the three groups found that oesophageal varices improved significantly in group I in comparison to group II. It is concluded from this study that H pylon may aggravate this disease process as estimated by reduction of pepsinogen I level and PG I/lI ratio, and its eradication may be beneficial in patients with liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension, as estimated by normalization of pepsinogen level. Also, other treatment modalities were effective in decreasing the severity of this disease, which means that this disease process may be aggravated by other factors than H pylon

Studies on pharmacokinetics of diosmin in rats / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish a HPLC method for the determination of diosmin in Rats plasma and to study the pharmacokinetics of diosmin in Rats.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Rats were given diosmin with 3 doses as 225, 325, 425 mg x kg(-1). Blood samples were collected at different times after oral administration. The plasma concentration of diosmin was determined by HPLC, and the pharmacokinetics parameters were calculated by 3p97 program.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The typical equation of diosmin in rats plasma was Y = 3.05 x 10(-3) C + 1.55 x 10(-3), the calibration curves of diosmin was linear in the range from 0.5-100 microg x mL(-1) (R =0. 996 4). The lowest concentration of diosmin in plasma was 0. 2 g x mL(-1). Its recoveries was more than 85%, and the interday and intraday precision, which was expressed as RSD, were all less than 15%. After 3 doses oral administration of diosmin in rats, the mean plasma concentration-time curves were found to fit one compartment model, and the main pharmacokinetics parameters were obtained.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>It is first time to establish the HPLC method to determine the concentration of diosmin in rats plasma, and the method described in this report has high sensitivity and selectivity, and it was suitable for pharmacokinetics studies of diosmin. The internal process of diosmin in rats is fit to one compartment model.</p>

new approach to control of symptoms in vasomotor rhinitis of pregnancy

Vasomotor rhinitis of pregnancy has long been identified as a problem encountered by many pregnant females, this accompanies the drastic physiologic changes that occur during pregnancy. We aimed to determine the validity and efficacy of use of a well known safe drug which can be used in pregnancy, namely micronised purified diosminhesperidin combination [Daflon[R] Servier] in the improvement of symptoms of females suffering from vasomotor rhinitis of pregnancy [VMRP] and comparing it to the use of a local nasal steroid Fluticasone propionate [Flixonase[R], GSK], and a combination of both drugs. Forty-eight pregnant females suffering from symptoms and signs of VMRP contributed in the study. Subjective grading was done using the 7 most related items from the modified sinonasal outcome test [SNOT] scale scoring system, and objective grading using the rhinoscan acoustic rhinometer [by Rhinometrics[R]]. Results showed that the Diosmin-hesperidin combination only group showed similar response to combination of Diosmin-hesperidin combination and Fluticasone propionate, and both groups gave better response than the Fluticasone propionate only group. In conclusion, Diosmin-hesperidin combination is a safe and effective treatment line in control of symptoms of VMRP, either alone or in combination with Fluticasone propionate

Estudio clínico controlado doble ciego, dobesilato de calcio (Doxium) vs. fracción flavonoide purificada y micronizada de diosmina (Daflón): en el tratamiento de las crisis hemorroidales / Control clinical study double blind, calcium of dobesilate (Doxium) vs. flavonoide fraction purify and micronized of diosmin (Daflon): in the treatment of the hemorrhoidal crisis

Veintiocho (28) pacientes con diagnóstico de crisis hemorroidal fueron randomizados en dos grupos paralelos y tratados con dobesilato de calcio (Doxium) o fracción flavonoide purificada y micronizada de diosmina (Daflón), en un estudio comparativo doble ciego en los primeros 10 días y abierto durante al menos cuatro semanas. La mejoría de todos los síntomas fue similar en ambos grupos y alcanzó significación estadística al 8vo. día de tratamiento, cuando se comparó con los scores iniciales. Al final del estudio todos los pacientes estaban asintomáticos, no encontrándose diferencia estadística entre los grupos. Ningun paciente experimentó efectos secundarios importantes

Hplc method for the determination of hesperidin and diosmine in flavonoid extract and capsules

A high performance liquid chromatographic procedure was developed for the determination of hesperidin and diosmine in the flavonoid extract of rutaceae and in dosage forms. The method utilized a reversed phase chromatography with UV detection. The mobile phase comprised of 38% methanol and 62% 0.005 M heptane sulfonic acid sodium salt pumped at a flow rate of 1.5 ml/min and the column was at ambient temperature. The detection wavelength was 278 nm and the quantitation was performed by measuring the peak area. It was also determined that the excipients in the commercial soft gelatin capsule preparations containing these flavonoids did not interfere with the assay. The method was linear in the range 5-40 mug/ml. In all cases, the coefficient of variation did not exceed 2%

Possível associação entre componentes fisiopatológicos do linfedema e da imobilidade articular / Feasible association between physiopathollogical components of the lymphaedemia and articular immobility

Os autores relatam o caso de uma paciente de 56 anos de idade que procurou o serviço médico para o tratamento de edema em membro inferior esquerdo, diagnóstico como linfedema. O tratamento realizado foi a drenagem linfática pela técnica de foldi modificada e bandagem, além do uso oral de diosmina (450mg) e hesperidina (50mg), 2 vezes ao dia. Durante o tratamento obteve-se redução total do linfedema do MIE e, aparentemente como resultado indireto, reversão da imobilidade articular da falange distal 4§ quirodactilo da mão D que estava imóvel há 4 anos em decorrência de artrose. Conclui-se que deve haver um componente fisiopatológico semelhante na gênese dessas duas afecções

Clinical Effects of Venitol(R) on Complications after Hemorrhoidectomy Prospective Randomized and Placebo-controlled Trial

Fifty four patients who received closed hemorrhoidectomy were randomized into two parallel groups and treated with Venitol(R)(a micronized flavonoidic fraction containing diosmin 450 mg and hesperidin 50 mg) (group 1) or placebo (group 2). Venitol(R) was administered at the dosage of three toblets b.i.d. the first four days and two tablets b.i.d following three days. Postoperative analgesia and laxative prescription as well as hospital stay were same in two groups. Though there is no difference of symptoms at D1, improvement of symptoms of complications was greater in group 1 than in group 2 at D18. The clinical severity of postoperative spot-bleeding, pain and anal discharge diminished in both groups but to a greater extent in group 1 (P<0.005). There was no side-effects in using Venitol(R). In summary, Venitol(R) is effective in reducing complications after hemorrhoidectomy.