Telecarers improve osteoporosis treatment and compliance rates in secondary osteoporosis prevention for elderly hip fracture patients

INTRODUCTION@#A significant treatment gap has been observed in patients with osteoporosis. Our previous audit found a 31.5% rate of anti-osteoporosis medication initiation after fragility fractures at one year. We piloted the use of telecarers to monitor osteoporosis treatment and compliance.@*METHODS@#From January 2017 to January 2018, all hip fracture patients at Changi General Hospital, Singapore, were automatically enrolled into the Health Management Unit valued care hip fracture programme. Telecarer calls were scheduled at discharge, 3, 6 and 12 months. We assessed the acceptability, completion and treatment rates of patients enrolled in this programme.@*RESULTS@#A total of 537 patients with a hip fracture were enrolled in the telecarer programme over one year. Their average age was 79.8 ± 8.23 years, and 63.1% of them were female. A total of 341 patients completed 12 months of follow-up, of which 251 (73.6%) patients were on treatment at 12 months. The most common cause of lack of initiation of secondary osteoporosis treatment was patient or family rejection (34.4%), followed by physician failure to prescribe (24.4%) and renal impairment (24.4%). 16.7% of patients were deemed to have advanced dementia with a life-limiting illness and were, thus, deemed unsuitable for treatment.@*CONCLUSION@#Telecarers may be a useful adjunct in the monitoring of osteoporosis treatment after hip fractures in an elderly population. The main limitations are patient or family rejection and physician inertia. Further studies should focus on a combination of interventions for both patients and physicians to increase awareness of secondary fracture prevention.

Eficácia e segurança da Teriparatida comparada aos bifosfonados orais e Raloxifeno para prevenção de fraturas em osteoporose: revisão rápida de evidências / Effectiveness, safety and cost-effectiveness of Teriparatide compared to oral biposphonates or Raloxifene for osteoporotic fracture prevention: rapid review of evidence

Tecnologia: Teriparatida, comparada a bifosfonados orais ou Raloxifeno. Indicação: prevenção de fraturas em pessoas com osteoporose. Pergunta: A Teriparatida é mais eficaz e segura que os bifosfonados orais ou o Raloxifeno para tratamento da osteoporose e prevenção de fraturas secundárias à osteoporose? Métodos: Levantamento bibliográfico foi realizado na base de dados PUBMED, seguindo estratégias de buscas predefinidas. Foi feita avaliação da qualidade metodológica das revisões sistemáticas com a ferramenta Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews version 2 (AMSTAR-2). Resultados: Foram selecionadas 2 revisões sistemáticas, que atendiam aos critérios de inclusão. Conclusão: Para a população em geral com osteoporose, a Teriparatida evita mais fraturas vertebrais que o Alendronato de sódio ou Risedronato de sódio, mas efeito similar para fraturas não vertebrais. Teriparatida previne mais fraturas vertebrais e não vertebrais que Raloxifeno. Teriparatida tem maior efeito sobre a massa óssea corporal que o Risedronato de sódio e o Raloxifeno, mas tem efeito similar ao Alendronato de sódio. Na população masculina com osteoporose, a terapia com bifosfonados orais é mais eficaz que suplementação nutricional ou placebo para prevenir fraturas. Já o tratamento com Teriparatida não é mais eficaz que a suplementação nutricional ou placebo

Teriparatide compared to oral bisphosphonates or Raloxifene. Indication: prevention of fractures in people with osteoporosis. Question: Is Teriparatide more effective and safer than oral bisphosphonates or Raloxifene for treating osteoporosis and preventing fractures secondary to osteoporosis? Methods: Bibliographic survey was carried out in the PUBMED database, following predefined search strategies. Evaluation of the methodological quality of systematic reviews was carried out using the tool Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews version 2 (AMSTAR-2). Results: Two systematic reviews were selected, which met the inclusion criteria. Conclusion: For the general population with osteoporosis, Teriparatide prevents more vertebral fractures than Alendronate or Risedronate sodium, but has similar effect for non-vertebral fractures. Teriparatide prevents more vertebral and non-vertebral fractures than Raloxifene. Teriparatide has a greater effect on body bone mass than Risedronate sodium and Raloxifene, but it has a similar effect to Alendronate sodium. In the male population with osteoporosis, oral bisphosphonates is more effective than nutritional supplementation or placebo to prevent fractures. Treatment with teriparatide is no more effective than nutritional supplementation or placebo

Uso de bifosfonatos en pacientes con osteopenia / Biphosphonates in patients with osteopenia

La osteopenia, una disminución de la densidad mineral ósea de menor severidad que la osteoporosis, definida por valores de T-score entre -1,0 y -2,5 en la densitometría ósea , podría asociarse con un mayor riesgo de fracturas. Motivado por el pedido de una paciente con osteopenia que solicita a su médico algún medicamento que le ayude a disminuir su riesgo de fracturas, el autor se pregunta si los bifosfonatos podrían ser beneficiosos para las pacientes con este factor de riesgo. Luego de realizar una búsqueda bibliográfica y seleccionar la evidencia más reciente y de mejor calidad, se concluye que estos fármacos podrían ser útiles para prevenir fracturas en mujeres mayores de 65 años con elevado riesgo de fractura,independientemente del resultado de la densitometría. (AU)

Osteopenia, a minor decrease in bone mineral density, defined by T-score values between -1.0 and -2.5 in a bone densitometry, is associated with an increased risk of fractures. Moved by the request of a patient with osteopenia who asks her doctor for any medication that may help her reduce his risk of fractures, the author wonders if bisphosphonates could be beneficial for patients with this condition. After conducting a bibliographic search and selecting the most recent and best quality evidence, he concluded that these drugs could be useful to prevent fractures in women older than 65 years with ahigh risk of fracture, regardless of densitometry results. (AU)

Debería usarse Denosumab para la prevención y tratamiento de fracturas osteoporóticas en la mujer postmenopáusica? / Should Denosumab be used for the prevention and treatment of osteoporotic fractures in postmenopausal women?

CONTEXTO: La osteoporosis es un trastorno esquelético caracterizado por resistencia óssea comprometida, predisposición pacientes a un mayor riesgo de fractura. La prevalência aumenta del 6% de las mujeres de edad 50 a 59 años a más del 40% de las mujeres de edad 80 años y mayores.1 Consecuencias de mantener una fractura puede ser grave e incluir un aumento riesgo de fracturas posteriores, hospitalización o institucionalización, disminución de la calidad de vida, y mortalidad prematura, con una carga relacionada com el sistema de salud. DESCRIPCIÓN DE LA TECNOLOGÍA: El denosumab es un anticuerpo monoclonal que inhibe la resorción ósea producida por los osteoclastos. Fue comercializado en 2010 para el tratamiento de la osteoporosis. En estos años se han identificado varios efectos adversos potencialmente graves: predisposición a infecciones, cáncer, reacciones de hipersensibilidad, transtornos autoinmunes, e incremento de la incidencia de múltiples fracturas vertebrales espontáneas al suspender el tratamiento. En este número revisamos estas novedades. TECNOLOGÍAS ALTERNATIVAS: Los agentes antirresortivos como los bifosfonatos orales son el estándar tratamiento para la osteoporosis posmenopáusica, en conjunto con medidas no farmacológicas y sobre todo el énfasis en la prevención de las caídas. Otras opciones de tratamiento incluyen un bisfosfonatos intravenoso (ácido zoledrónico), un agente formador de hueso (teriparatida) y un modulador selectivo del receptor de estrógeno (raloxifeno). MÉTODOS: Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica utilizando las siguientes bases de datos bibliográficas: MEDLINE, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library, y PubMed. Aplicaron filtros metodológicos para evaluaciones de tecnología sanitaria, estudios económicos, revisiones sistemáticas, metanálisis, y ensayos controlados aleatorios (ECA). La búsqueda también se limitó a Idioma en Inglés y humanos. Se excluyeron los resúmenes de congresos en los resultados de búsqueda. Se identificó la literatura gris (literatura que no se publica comercialmente) fue identificado mediante la búsqueda de secciones relevantes de la Lista de verificación de Grey Matters (http://www.cadth.ca/en/resources/grey-matters). Google y otros motores de búsqueda de internet fueron se utiliza para buscar en la web adicional materiales Estas búsquedas se complementaron con revisar las bibliografías de documentos clave y a través de contactos con expertos apropiados. ESTRATEGIA DE BÚSQUEDA: Se realizó una búsqueda con última fecha 26/08/2019 en diversas bases de datos, incluidas PubMed y Embase, así como la biblioteca Cochrane, ClinicalTrials.gov y bases de datos de revisiones sistematicas Epistemonikos. La búsqueda sólo incluyó documentos escrito en ingles y espanol. RESULTADOS: Denosumab comparado con placebo para pacientes con osteoporosis. El riesgo en el grupo de intervención (y su intervalo de confianza del 95%) se basa en el riesgo asumido en el grupo de comparación y en el efecto relativo de la intervención (y su intervalo de confianza del 95%). Eficacia frente a bifosfonatos: comparaciones directas. Se evalúa el perfil de evidencia GRADE donde se evidencia el metaanálisis entre cuatro ECA 5-8 que comprendieron 2071 participantes con un rango de seguimiento de 12 a 24 meses y compararon el uso de Denosumab con bifosfonatos orales (Alendronato,Etidronato). Existe incertidumbre en el efecto de denosumab sobre el riesgo de fracturas en comparación con bifosfonatos. La certeza em la evidencia va desde BAJA A MUY BAJA considerando la presencia de imprecisión muy seria y el potencial riesgo de sesgo de publicación. Eficacia frente a bifosfonatos: comparaciones indirectas. No se han encontrado en la literatura comparaciones directas entre Denosumab y otros fármacos distintos. Esta recomendación de cobertura otorga más peso a la incertidumbre en la eficacia comparada con bifosfonatos, al potencial impacto presupuestario de su uso y la potencial reducción de la equidad; que a la preferencia de los pacientes respecto de la forma de administración de las drogas para osteoporosis.

At Least One Cyclic Teriparatide Administration Can Be Helpful to Delay Initial Onset of a New Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fracture

PURPOSE: Teriparatide markedly increases bone formation and strength, while reducing the incidence of new-onset osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCFs). In some countries, expenses for teriparatide use are covered by medical insurance for up to 6 months; however, the national medical insurance of the authors' country does not cover these expenses. This retrospective cohort study compared the therapeutic effects of teriparatide on the initial onset of a new OVCF after treatment of osteoporosis and/or related OVCFs with regard to therapeutic durations of longer than 3 months (LT3M) or shorter than 3 months (ST3M). MATERIALS AND METHODS: From May 2007 to February 2012, 404 patients who were prescribed and administered teriparatide and who could be followed-up for longer than 12 months were enrolled. They were divided into two groups depending on teriparatide duration: LT3M (n=132) and ST3M (n=272). RESULTS: The group with the teriparatide duration of LT3M showed significantly less development of an initial OVCF within 1 year (p=0.004, chi-square). Duration of teriparatide use, body mass index, pre-teriparatide lowest spinal bone mineral density, and severity of osteoporosis significantly affected multiple regression analysis results (p<0.05). Survival analysis of first new-onset OVCFs demonstrated a significantly better survival rate for the LT3M group (log rank, p=0.005). Also, the ST3M group showed a higher odds ratio of 54.00 for development of an initial OVCF during follow-up than the LT3M group (Mantel-Haenzel common odds ratio, p=0.006). CONCLUSION: At least one cyclic teriparatide administration is recommended to provide a protective effect against the initial onset of a new OVCF for up to one year after therapy.

Accelerated fracture healing with teriparatide / Consolidação de fratura acelerada com teriparatida

Satisfactory healing of the osteoporotic fracture is critically important to functional recovery, morbidity, and quality of life. Some therapies for osteoporosis may affect the processes associated with bone repair. For example, bisphosphonates in experimental models are associated with increased callus size and mineralization, reduced callus remodeling, and improved mechanical strength. Local and systemic bisphosphonate treatment may improve implant fixation. No negative impact on fracture healing has been observed, even after major surgery or when administered immediately after fracture. For the osteoanabolic agent teriparatide, case reports and a randomized trial have produced mixed results, but they are consistent with a positive impact of teriparatide on fracture healing. Some of the agents currently being developed for osteoporosis, notably sclerostin and DKK1 antibodies have shown a beneficial effect on fracture healing. At this point, therefore, there is no evidence that osteoporosis therapies are detrimental to fracture healing with some promising experimental evidence for positive effects on healing, notably for those agents whose actions are primarily anabolic.

A consolidação adequada da fratura osteoporótica é essencial para recuperação funcional, morbidade e qualidade de vida. Alguns tratamentos para osteoporose podem afetar os processos associados ao reparo ósseo. Por exemplo, os bisfosfonatos, em modelos experimentais, estão associados com aumento do tamanho do calo e a mineralização, reduzindo o remodelamento do calo e melhorando a força mecânica. Tratamento com bisfosfonato, local ou sistêmico, pode melhorar a fixação de implantes. Não foi observado impacto negativo na consolidação da fratura, mesmo após uma cirurgia maior ou quando administrado imediatamente após a fratura. Relatos e um estudo randomizado com o osteoanabólico teriparatida produziram resultados mistos, mas que são consistentes com o impacto positivo da teriparatida na consolidação da fratura. Algumas das drogas que estão sendo desenvolvidas no momento para osteoporose, como anticorpos para esclerotina e DKK1, têm mostrado efeito benéfico na consolidação da fratura. No estágio atual, portanto, não há evidência de que terapias para osteoporose impeçam a consolidação da fratura, mas existem algumas evidências experimentais promissoras de efeito positivo na consolidação, especialmente daqueles agentes cuja ação é primariamente anabólica.

Piper sarmentosum enhances fracture healing in ovariectomized osteoporotic rats: a radiological study

INTRODUCTION: Osteoporotic fractures are common during osteoporotic states. Piper sarmentosum extract is known to possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. OBJECTIVES: To observe the radiological changes in fracture calluses following administration of a Piper sarmentosum extract during an estrogen-deficient state. METHODS: A total of 24 female Sprague-Dawley rats (200-250 g) were randomly divided into 4 groups: (i) the sham-operated group; (ii) the ovariectomized-control group; (iii) the ovariectomized + estrogen-replacement therapy (ovariectomized-control + estrogen replacement therapy) group, which was supplemented with estrogen (100 μg/kg/day); and (iv) the ovariectomized + Piper sarmentosum (ovariectomized + Piper sarmentosum) group, which was supplemented with a water-based Piper sarmentosum extract (125 mg/kg). Six weeks after an ovariectomy, the right femora were fractured at the mid-diaphysis, and a K-wire was inserted. Each group of rats received their respective treatment for 6 weeks. Following sacrifice, the right femora were subjected to radiological assessment. RESULTS: The mean axial callus volume was significantly higher in the ovariectomized-control group (68.2 + 11.74 mm³) than in the sham-operated, estrogen-replacement-therapy and Piper sarmentosum groups (20.4 + 4.05, 22.4 + 4.14 and 17.5 + 3.68 mm³, respectively). The median callus scores for the sham-operated, estrogen-replacement-therapy and Piper sarmentosum groups had median (range, minimum - maximum value) as 1.0 (0 - 2), 1.0 (1 - 2) and 1.0 (1 - 2), respectively, which were significantly lower than the ovariectomized-control group score of 2.0 (2 - 3). The median fracture scores for the sham-operated, estrogen-replacement-therapy and Piper sarmentosum groups were 3.0 (3 - 4), 3.0 (2 - 3) and 3.0 (2 - 3), respectively, which were significantly higher than the ovariectomized-control group score of 2.0 (1 - 2) (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The Piper sarmentosum extract improved fracture healing, as assessed by the reduced callus volumes and reduced callus scores. This extract is beneficial for fractures in osteoporotic states.