Résumé
Objective: To discuss the clinical and genetic features of intellectual developmental disorder with behavioral abnormalities and craniofacial dysmorphism with or without seizures (IDDBCS). Methods: The clinical and genetic records of a patient who was diagnosed with IDDBCS caused by PHF21A gene variation at Children's Hospital Capital Institute of Pediatrics in 2021 were collected retrospectively. Using " PHF21A gene" as the keyword, relevant articles were searched at CNKI, Wanfang Data and PubMed from establishment of databases to February 2023. Clinical and genetic features of IDDBCS were summarized in the combination of this case. Results: An 8 months of age boy showed overgrowth (height, weight and head circumference were all higher than the 97th percentile of children of the same age and sex) and language and motor developmental delay after birth, and gradually showed autism-like symptoms like stereotyped behavior and poor eye contact. At 8 months of age, he began to show epileptic seizures, which were in the form of a series of spastic seizures with no reaction to adrenocorticotropic hormone but a good response to vigabatrin. Physical examination showed special craniofacial appearances including a prominent high forehead, sparse eyebrows, broad nasal bridge, and downturned mouth with a tent-shaped upper lip. The patient also manifested hypotonia. Whole exome sequencing showed a de novo heterogeneous variant, PHF21A (NM_001101802.1): c.54+1G>A, and IDDBCS was diagnosed. A total of 6 articles (all English articles) were collected, involving this case and other 14 patients of IDDBCS caused by PHF21A gene variation. Clinical manifestations were intellectual disability or developmental delay (15 patients), craniofacial anomalies (15 patients), behavioral abnormalities (12 patients), seizures (9 patients), and overgrowth (8 patients). The main pathogenic variations were frameshift variations (8 patients). Conclusions: IDDBCS should be considered when patients show nervous developmental abnormalities, craniofacial anomalies, seizures and overgrowth. PHF21A gene variation detection helps to make a definite diagnosis.
Sujets)
Mâle , Humains , Enfant , Déficience intellectuelle/génétique , Incapacités de développement/génétique , Études rétrospectives , Crises épileptiques/génétique , Malformations crâniofaciales/génétique , Histone deacetylases/génétiqueRésumé
OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the clinical phenotype and results of genetic testing in three children with Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS).@*METHODS@#Clinical data of the children and their parents were collected. Peripheral blood samples of the pedigrees were collected for next generation sequencing analysis.@*RESULTS@#The main clinical manifestations of the three children have included growth delay, mental retardation, peculiar facies and other accompanying symptoms. Based on the criteria proposed by the International Diagnostic Consensus, all three children were suspected for CdLS. As revealed by whole exome sequencing, child 1 has harbored NIPBL gene c.5567_5569delGAA insTAT missense variant, child 2 has harbored SMC1A gene c.607A>G missense variant, and child 3 has harbored HDAC8 gene c.628+1G>A splicing variant. All of the variants were de novo in origin.@*CONCLUSION@#All of the children were diagnosed with CdLS due to pathogenic variants of the associated genes, among which the variants of NIPBL and HDAC8 genes were unreported previously. Above finding has enriched the spectrum of pathogenic variants underlying CdLS.
Sujets)
Humains , Protéines du cycle cellulaire/génétique , Syndrome de Cornelia de Lange/diagnostic , Génotype , Phénotype , Dépistage génétique , Histone deacetylases/génétique , Protéines de répression/génétiqueRésumé
OBJECTIVE@#To study the role and mechanism of histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) and histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) in mouse neuronal development.@*METHODS@#The mice with Synapsin1-Cre recombinase were bred with @*RESULTS@#The mice with @*CONCLUSIONS@#Deletion of
Sujets)
Animaux , Souris , Technique de Western , Histone Deacetylase 1/génétique , Histone Deacetylase 2 , Histone deacetylases/génétique , Immunohistochimie , Neurones/métabolisme , Transduction du signalRésumé
BACKGROUND@#Histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) regulates chondrocyte hypertrophy and bone formation. The aim of the present study was to explore the effects of HDAC4 on Interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β)-induced chondrocyte extracellular matrix degradation and whether it is regulated through the WNT family member 3A (WNT3A)/β-catenin signaling pathway.@*METHODS@#Primary chondrocytes (CC) and human chondrosarcoma cells (SW1353 cells) were treated with IL-1β and the level of HDAC4 was assayed using Western blotting. Then, HDAC4 expression in the SW1353 cells was silenced using small interfering RNA to detect the effect of HDAC4 knockdown on the levels of matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP3) and MMP13 induced by IL-1β. After transfection with HDAC4 plasmids, the overexpression efficiency was examined using Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and the levels of MMP3 and MMP13 were assayed using Western blotting. After incubation with IL-1β, the translocation of β-catenin into the nucleus was observed using immunofluorescence staining in SW1353 cells to investigate the activation of the WNT3A/β-catenin signaling pathway. Finally, treatment with WNT3A and transfection with glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β) plasmids were assessed for their effects on HDAC4 levels using Western blotting.@*RESULTS@#IL-1β downregulated HDAC4 levels in chondrocytes and SW1353 cells. Furthermore, HDAC4 knockdown increased the levels of MMP3 and MMP13, which contributed to the degradation of the extracellular matrix. Overexpression of HDAC4 inhibited IL-1β-induced increases in MMP3 and MMP13. IL-1β upregulated the levels of WNT3A, and WNT3A reduced HDAC4 levels in SW1353 cells. GSK-3β rescued IL-1β-induced downregulation of HDAC4 in SW1353 cells.@*CONCLUSION@#HDAC4 exerted an inhibitory effect on IL-1β-induced extracellular matrix degradation and was regulated partially by the WNT3A/β-catenin signaling pathway.
Sujets)
Humains , Lignée cellulaire tumorale , Cellules cultivées , Chondrocytes/métabolisme , Glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta/génétique , Histone deacetylases/génétique , Interleukine-1 bêta/pharmacologie , Matrix Metalloproteinase 13/métabolisme , Matrix metalloproteinase 3 , Protéines de répression , Voie de signalisation Wnt , Protéine Wnt3A/génétique , bêta-Caténine/métabolismeRésumé
Objective: Cocaine use disorders (CUDs) represent a major public health problem in many countries. To better understand the interaction between the environmental modulations and phenotype, the aim of the present study was to investigate the DNA methylation pattern of CUD patients, who had concomitant cocaine and crack dependence, and healthy controls. Methods: We studied DNA methylation profiles in the peripheral blood of 23 CUD patients and 24 healthy control subjects using the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip arrays. Results: Comparison between CUD patients and controls revealed 186 differentially methylated positions (DMPs; adjusted p-value [adjP] < 10-5) related to 152 genes, with a subset of CpGs confirmed by pyrosequencing. DNA methylation patterns discriminated CUD patients and control groups. A gene network approach showed that the EHMT1, EHMT2, MAPK1, MAPK3, MAP2K1, and HDAC5 genes, which are involved in transcription and chromatin regulation cellular signaling pathways, were also associated with cocaine dependence. Conclusion: The investigation of DNA methylation patterns may contribute to a better understanding of the biological mechanisms involved in CUD.
Sujets)
Humains , Mâle , Adulte , Jeune adulte , Crack , Méthylation de l'ADN , Troubles liés à la cocaïne/génétique , Troubles liés à la cocaïne/sang , Étude d'association pangénomique/méthodes , Études cas-témoins , Modèles linéaires , Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase/génétique , Statistique non paramétrique , Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1/génétique , MAP Kinase Kinase 1/génétique , Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3/génétique , Réseaux de régulation génique , Séquençage nucléotidique à haut débit , Antigènes d'histocompatibilité/génétique , Histone deacetylases/génétiqueRésumé
A growing body of evidence suggests that epigenetic modifications are promising potential mechanisms in cancer research. Among the molecules that mediate epigenetic mechanisms, histone deacetylases (HDACs) are critical regulators of gene expression that promote formation of heterochromatin by deacetylating histone and non-histone proteins. Aberrant regulation of HDACs contributes to malignant transformation and progression in a wide variety of human cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), gastric cancer, lung cancer, and other cancers. Thus, the roles of HDACs have been extensively studied because of their potential as therapeutic targets. However, the underlying mechanism leading to deregulation of individual HDACs remains largely unknown. Some reports have suggested that functional microRNAs (miRNAs) modulate epigenetic effector molecules including HDACs. Here, we describe the oncogenic or tumor suppressive functions of HDAC families and their regulatory miRNAs governing HDAC expression in hepatocarcinogenesis.
Sujets)
Humains , Carcinogenèse/génétique , Carcinome hépatocellulaire/génétique , Épigenèse génétique/génétique , Régulation de l'expression des gènes tumoraux/génétique , Histone deacetylases/génétique , Histone/métabolisme , Tumeurs du foie/génétique , microARN/génétique , Maturation post-transcriptionnelle des ARN/génétique , Protéines suppresseurs de tumeurs/génétiqueRésumé
The mechanisms that regulate angiogenesis in hypoxia or hypoxic microenvironment are modulated by several pro- and antiangiogenic factors. Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) have been established as the basic and major inducers of angiogenesis, but understanding the role of interacting proteins is becoming increasingly important to elucidate the angiogenic processes of a hypoxic response. In particular, with regard to wound healing and the novel therapies for vascular disorders such as ischemic brain and heart attack, it is essential to gain insights in the formation and regulation of HIF transcriptional machineries related to angiogenesis. Further, identification of alternative ways of inhibiting tumor growth by disrupting the growth-triggering mechanisms of increasing vascular supply via angiogenesis depends on the knowledge of how tumor cells develop their own vasculature. Here, we review our findings on the interactions of basic HIFs, HIF-1alpha and HIF-2alpha, with their regulatory binding proteins, histone deacetylase 7 (HDAC7) and translation initiation factor 6 (Int6), respectively. The present results and discussion revealed new regulatory interactions of HIF-related mechanisms.
Sujets)
Animaux , Humains , Hypoxie/génétique , Régulation de l'expression des gènes , Histone deacetylases/génétique , Facteur-1 induit par l'hypoxie/génétique , Néovascularisation pathologique/génétiqueRésumé
En una elevada proporción de casos de leucemias de nuevo diagnóstico se detectan genes de fusión, los cuales frecuentemente presentan secuencias codificadoras de factores de transcripción. Se ha demostrado que algunas proteínas de fusión como Pml-Rarα inhiben la diferenciación celular, al reclutar complejos correpresores nucleares que mantienen una actividad de histona desacetilasa (HDAC en inglés) sobre promotores de genes específicos importantes en diferenciación de una determinada estirpe celular. Esta represión transcripcional dependiente de HDAC representa una vía común en el desarrollo de leucemia y por lo tanto puede ser un blanco importante de nuevos compuestos terapéuticos. Por otro lado, la oncoproteína Bcr-Abl muestra una alta actividad de tirosina-cinasa, la cual desregula vías de transducción de señales involucradas normalmente en proliferación y apoptosis. Esta actividad aberrante puede ser afectada por inhibidores de transducción de señales (STIs, del inglés), los cuales bloquean la ruta oncogénica y representan un gran avance terapéutico. En esta revisión analizamos con cierto detalle lo que se conoce en la actualidad sobre la represión transcripcional reversible controlada por HDAC y sobre la transducción de señales aumentada por Bcr-Abl. Adicionalmente indicamos que la aplicación de fármacos de bajo peso molecular para el control de las leucemias humanas, basada en el conocimiento de los mecanismos moleculares de la enfermedad, lleva a una remisión clínica, con bajo riesgo de efectos tóxicos secundarios, lo cual está aumentando la mejoría de una alta proporción de los enfermos.
Leukemia-associated fusion genes are detected in a significant proportion of newly diagnosed cases, where genes encoding transcription factors are usually found at one of the breakpoints. Activated fusion proteins such as Pml-Raralpha have been shown to inhibit cellular differentiation by recruitment of nuclear corepressor complexes, which maintain local histone deacetylase (HDAC) in a variety of hematologic lineage-specific gene promoters. This HDAC-dependent transcriptional repression appears as a common pathway in the development of leukemia and could constitute an important target for new therapeutic agents. Alternatively, the Bcr-Abl oncoprotein shows high tyrosine kinase activity and deregulates signal transduction pathways normally involved in both apoptosis and proliferation. This aberrant activity is affected by signal transduction inhibitors (STIs), which block or prevent the oncogenic pathway. In this review, we shed some light on our understanding of both the reversible transcriptional repression controlled by HDAC and the deregulated Bcr-Abl signal transduction pathway. In addition, the administration of low molecular weight drugs for human leukemia treatment based on this knowledge brings about a significant long-term clinical remission and an acceptable risk of toxic effects that should increase the cure rate.
Sujets)
Humains , Leucémie myéloïde chronique BCR-ABL positive/traitement médicamenteux , Leucémie myéloïde chronique BCR-ABL positive/génétique , Leucémie aiguë promyélocytaire/traitement médicamenteux , Leucémie aiguë promyélocytaire/génétique , Hématologie , Histone deacetylases/génétique , Oncologie médicale , Biologie moléculaire , Assemblage et désassemblage de la chromatine/génétiqueRésumé
To compare the expression level of metastasis associated-1 (MTA1) gene in high and low metastatic human osteosarcoma cell lines and examine the relationship of MTA1 expression and the metastasis potentiality of osteosarcoma cells, the expression of MTA1 in MG-63 osteosarcoma cell lines with high and low metastasis potential was detected by semiquantitative TR-PCR. Boyden chamber invasion assay was used to evaluate the invasive capacity in vitro in two osteosarcoma cell lines. The low metastasis MG-63 cells were transfected with MTA1 full-length cDNA expression plasmid by lipofectamine and the changes of MTA1 expression and in vitro invasion potential were examined after the transfection. Our results showed that MG63 cell line with high metastasis potential expressed significantly higher MTA1 than that of MG63 cells with low metastasis as reavealed by RT-PCR. The invasion potential of low metastasis MG63 cell line was increased after MTA1 gene transfection. It is concluded that there may be a relationship between MTA 1 and invasive potentiality of human osteosarcoma cells, and the mechanism of MTA1 in osteosarcoma metastasis and its possible role in associated gene therapy deserve further study.