RÉSUMÉ
Kidney is one of the important organs of the body.With both excretory and endocrine functions,it plays a vital role in regulating the normal physiological state.As a precursor of the nitric oxide(NO)synthesis
Sujet(s)
Animaux , Rats , Arginine/physiologie , Rein/physiologie , Muscles lisses vasculaires , Monoxyde d'azote/physiologie , Récepteurs alpha-1 adrénergiques/physiologie , Insuffisance rénale/physiopathologie , Transduction du signal , VasoconstrictionRÉSUMÉ
Abstract Introduction: It is unclear whether residual renal function (RRF) in dialysis patients can attenuate the metabolic impact of the long 68-hour interdialytic interval, in which water, acid, and electrolyte accumulation occurs. Objective: to evaluate serum electrolyte levels, water balance, and acid-base status in dialytic patients with and without RRF over the long interdialytic interval (LII). Methodology: this was a single-center, cross-sectional, and analytical study that compared patients with and without RRF, defined by diuresis above 200 mL in 24 hours. Patients were weighed and serum samples were collected for biochemical and gasometric analysis at the beginning and at the end of the LII. Results: 27 and 24 patients with and without RRF were evaluated, respectively. Patients without RRF had a higher increase in serum potassium during the LII (2.67 x 1.14 mEq/L, p < 0.001), reaching higher values at the end of the study (6.8 x 5.72 mEq/L, p < 0.001) and lower pH value at the beginning of the interval (7.40 x 7.43, p = 0.018). More patients with serum bicarbonate < 18 mEq/L (50 x 14.8%, p = 0.007) and mixed acid-base disorder (57.7 x 29.2%, p = 0.042), as well as greater interdialytic weight gain (14.67 x 8.87 mL/kg/h, p < 0.001) and lower natremia (137 x 139 mEq/L, p = 0.02) at the end of the interval. Calcemia and phosphatemia were not different between the groups. Conclusion: Patients with RRF had better control of serum potassium, sodium, acid-base status, and volemia throughout the LII.
Resumo Introdução: Não se sabe ao certo se a função renal residual (FRR) de pacientes dialíticos pode atenuar o impacto metabólico do maior intervalo interdialítico (MII) de 68 horas, no qual ocorre acúmulo de volume, ácidos e eletrólitos. Objetivo: Avaliar os níveis séricos de eletrólitos, balanço hídrico e status ácido-básico de pacientes dialíticos com e sem FRR ao longo do MII. Metodologia: Tratou-se de estudo unicêntrico, transversal e analítico, que comparou pacientes com e sem FRR, definida como diurese acima de 200 mL em 24 horas. Para tal, os pacientes foram pesados e submetidos à coleta de amostras séricas para análise bioquímica e gasométrica no início e fim do MII. Resultados: Foram avaliados 27 e 24 pacientes com e sem FRR, respectivamente. Pacientes sem FRR apresentaram maior aumento de potássio sérico durante o MII (2,67 x 1,14 mEq/L, p < 0,001) atingindo valores mais elevados no fim (6,8 x 5,72 mEq/L, p < 0,001); menor valor de pH no início do intervalo (7,40 x 7,43, p = 0,018), maior proporção de pacientes com bicarbonato sérico < 18 mEq/L (50 x 14,8 %, p = 0,007) e distúrbio ácido-básico misto (70,8 x 42,3 %, p = 0,042), além de maior ganho de peso interdialítico (14,67 x 8,87 mL/kg/h, p < 0,001) e menor natremia (137 x 139 mEq/L, p = 0,02) no fim do intervalo. A calcemia e fosfatemia não foram diferentes entre os grupos. Conclusão: Pacientes com FRR apresentaram melhor controle dos níveis séricos de potássio, sódio, status ácido-básico e da volemia ao longo do MII.
Sujet(s)
Humains , Mâle , Femelle , Adulte , Adulte d'âge moyen , Sujet âgé , Équilibre hydroélectrolytique/physiologie , Dialyse rénale/effets indésirables , Insuffisance rénale/sang , Rein/physiopathologie , Phosphates/sang , Potassium/sang , Sodium/sang , Troubles de l'équilibre acidobasique/physiopathologie , Hydrogénocarbonates/sang , Prise de poids , Calcium/sang , Études transversales , Évolution de la maladie , Insuffisance rénale/physiopathologie , Insuffisance rénale/urine , Insuffisance rénale/thérapie , Rein/métabolisme , Rein/composition chimique , Tests de la fonction rénale/méthodesRÉSUMÉ
El síndrome de lisis tumoral (SLT) es una entidad poco frecuente y potencialmente fatal. Representa una emergencia oncológica. Puede diagnosticarse por su forma de presentación clínica y también por los resultados de laboratorio. En la mayoría de los casos se presenta como complicación del tratamiento quimioterapéutico de enfermedades oncohematológicas con gran masa tumoral. Con menor frecuencia se ha descrito un síndrome de lisis tumoral espontáneo, o secundario al uso de corticoides, hidroxiurea y radioterapia. En sus formas más graves puede requerir internación en unidades de terapia intensiva y medidas terapéuticas invasivas como la hemodiálisis. Comunicamos cuatro casos de SLT con características de presentación inusual internados en nuestro Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas.
Tumor lysis syndrome (SLT) is a rare and potentially fatal entity. It represents an oncological emergency. It can be diagnosed by its clinical presentation and also by laboratory results. In most cases it is presented as a complication of the chemotherapeutic treatment of oncohematological diseases with large tumor mass. Less frequently, a syndrome of spontaneous tumor lysis has been described, or secondary to the use of corticosteroids, hydroxyurea and radiotherapy. In its most severe forms it may require hospitalization in intensive care units and invasive therapeutic measures such as hemodialysis. We report four cases of SLT with unusual presentation characteristics admitted to our Medical Research Institute.
Sujet(s)
Humains , Mâle , Femelle , Adulte , Adulte d'âge moyen , Sujet âgé , Syndrome de lyse tumorale/anatomopathologie , Syndrome de lyse tumorale/étiologie , Syndrome de lyse tumorale/physiopathologie , Issue fatale , Insuffisance rénale/étiologie , Insuffisance rénale/physiopathologie , Antinéoplasiques/effets indésirablesRÉSUMÉ
Abstract INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to identify the prevalence of urodynamic changes with an associated risk of developing upper urinary tract damage in neuroschistosomiasis patients. METHODS: A prospective study was conducted, wherein68 patients were admitted for analysis of urodynamics, urea and creatinine levels, and uroculture. RESULTS: Blood test results did not indicate kidney failure. There were cases of asymptomatic bacteriuria. Common symptoms were frequent nocturia and detrusor overactivity. Results of low compliance and low cystometric capacity were both statistically significant (p = 0.001 and p = 0.002, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: A high prevalence of negative urodynamic changes were found in neuroschistosomiasis patients.
Sujet(s)
Humains , Mâle , Femelle , Adulte , Sujet âgé , Jeune adulte , Urodynamique/physiologie , Schistosomiase du système nerveux central/complications , Insuffisance rénale/étiologie , Vessie hyperactive/étiologie , Urée/sang , Prévalence , Études prospectives , Facteurs de risque , Schistosomiase du système nerveux central/physiopathologie , Créatinine/sang , Insuffisance rénale/physiopathologie , Vessie hyperactive/physiopathologie , Adulte d'âge moyenRÉSUMÉ
Abstract Purpose: To analyze the muscle changes with high-intensity aerobic training (HIAT) in an animal model of renal disease (RD). Methods: Twenty one adult Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups: healthy sedentary (HS), RD sedentary (RDS), RD aerobic training (RDAT). RDS and RDAT were subjected to unilateral renal ischemia-reperfusion (10 min) and 21days after that, RDAT was subjected to 6 weeks HIAT (swimming). Serum creatinine (Cr) and muscle morphometry (cross-sectional area = CSA) of gastrocnemius were analyzed. Results: Cr was higher (p = 0.0053) in RDS (0.82 ± 0.04) than in the others (RDAT 0.55 ± 0.04; HS 0.55 ± 0.04). Morphometric analysis (class interval of CSA in μm2/absolute frequency of muscle fibers in each class) indicated that 50th percentile occurred in: HS 7th class (3000.00-3499.00/515), RDS, 8th class (3500.00-3999.00/484), RDAT 5th class (2000.00-2499.00/856). CSA of largest fibers in RDS, RDAT, HS was 9953.00 μm2, 9969.00 μm2,11228.00 μm2, respectively. High frequency of fibers with lower CSA occurred in 4th, 5th, 6th and 7th class in RDA, absence of fibers into 22nd, 23rd classes (RDS and RDAT). Conclusion: HIAT in an animal model of RD resulted in increased the number of muscle fibers with smaller CSA.
Sujet(s)
Animaux , Conditionnement physique d'animal/physiologie , Muscles squelettiques/physiopathologie , Insuffisance rénale/physiopathologie , Valeurs de référence , Natation/physiologie , Poids/physiologie , Lésion d'ischémie-reperfusion/physiopathologie , Reproductibilité des résultats , Rat Wistar , Fibres musculaires squelettiques/physiologie , Créatinine/sang , Modèles animaux de maladie humaine , Mode de vie sédentaire , Rein/physiopathologie , Rein/vascularisationRÉSUMÉ
Renal insufficiency is a serious medical and public health problem worldwide. Recently, although many surveys have been developed to identify factors related to the lifetime of patients with renal insufficiency, controversial results from several studies suggest that researches should be conducted by region. Thus, in this study we aim to predict and identify factors associated with the lifetime of patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) in the metropolitan area of Maringá, Paraná State, Brazil, based on the generalized additive models for location, scale and shape (GAMLSS) framework. Data used in this study were collected from the Maringá Kidney Institute and comprehends 177 patients (classified with CRF and mostly being treated under the Brazilian Unified National Health System) enrolled in a hemodialysis program from 1978 up to 2010. By using this approach, we concluded that in other regions, gender, kidney transplant indicator, antibodies to hepatitis B and antibodies to hepatitis C are significant factors that affect the expected lifetime.
A insuficiência renal crônica é um grave problema clínico e de saúde pública no mundo inteiro. Recentemente, apesar de muitas pesquisas já realizadas para identificar os fatores relacionados à evolução dos pacientes renais crônicos, os resultados conflitantes entre diversos estudos sugerem a necessidade de pesquisas por região. Portanto, o estudo busca predizer e identificar os fatores associados à evolução dos pacientes com insuficiência renal crônica (IRC) na área metropolitana de Maringá, Estado do Paraná, Brasil, com base nos modelos aditivos generalizados para localização, escala e forma (GAMLSS). Os dados utilizados neste estudo foram coletados no Instituto do Rim de Maringá e incluem 177 pacientes (classificados com IRC, a maioria tratada no Sistema Único de Saúde) inclusos no programa de hemodiálise entre 1978 e 2010. Através dessa abordagem, concluímos que em outras regiões, gênero, indicação para transplante renal e anticorpos aos vírus das hepatites B e C são fatores significativos que afetam a sobrevivência esperada.
La insuficiencia renal representa un problema médico y de salud pública serio en todo el mundo. Recientemente, pese a los muchos estudios que se han desarrollado para identificar factores relacionados con la esperanza de vida de los pacientes con insuficiencia renal, los resultados controvertidos de algunos estudios sugieren que las investigaciones deberían realizarse por regiones. No obstante, en este trabajo pretendemos predecir e identificar los factores asociados con la esperanza de vida de pacientes con fallo renal crónico (FRC) en el área metropolitana de Maringá, Estado de Paraná, Brasil, basado en el marco de modelos aditivos generalizados para ubicación, escala y forma (GAMLSS por sus siglas en inglés). Los datos usados en este estudio fueron recogidos del Instituto del riñón de Maringá y comprende a 177 pacientes (clasificados con FRC y en su mayoría siendo tratados en el Sistema Único de Salud), inscritos en un programa de hemodiálisis desde 1978 hasta 2010. Usando este enfoque, concluimos que en otras regiones, género, indicador de trasplante de riñón, anticuerpos a la hepatitis B y anticuerpos a la hepatitis C son factores significativos que afectan a la esperanza de vida.
Sujet(s)
Humains , Mâle , Femelle , Adulte , Adulte d'âge moyen , Sujet âgé , Sujet âgé de 80 ans ou plus , Jeune adulte , Analyse de survie , Insuffisance rénale/physiopathologie , Brésil , Facteurs sexuels , Taux de survie , Facteurs de risque , Insuffisance rénale/thérapieRÉSUMÉ
ABSTRACT It is widely known that high fat diet (HFD) can contribute to the advent of health problems. Recent studies have indicated that obesity imposes a hemodynamic overload to the kidneys. In order to further investigate such injuries, two groups of six Swiss mice each were fed with a controlled AIN93G diet or a high fat (AIN93G modified) diet for eight weeks. Blood samples were collected to determine the hormonal, lipid profile, glucose, urea, and creatinine levels. Histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis were carried out to analysis the kidney damage. Fractions of renal membranes were prepared to assess the Na,K-ATPase activity, lipid peroxidation, total cholesterol, and phospholipid content. The results indicated that the blood lipid profile, urea and creatinine was not altered by the HFD. On the other hand, it was observed in HFD diet mice elevated glucose blood levels along with an augment on insulin and a decrease on corticosterone release. HFD provoked a reduction in the diameter of the convoluted tubules and cell volume in Bowman's capsule and an increased number of positive cells with Na,K-ATPase, but reduced the Na,K-ATPase activity and the cholesterol content in the kidney cell membrane but favored the lipid peroxidation.
Sujet(s)
Animaux , Mâle , Souris , Sodium/analyse , H(+)-K(+)-Exchanging ATPase/analyse , Alimentation riche en graisse/effets indésirables , Immunohistochimie/méthodes , Membrane cellulaire , Interprétation statistique de données , Insuffisance rénale/physiopathologie , Rein/physiopathologieRÉSUMÉ
Abstract Background: Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is very common in hemodialysis patients and an independent risk factor for mortality in this population. The myocardial remodeling underlying the LVH can affect ventricular repolarization causing abnormalities in QT interval. Objective: to evaluate the reproducibility and reliability of measurements of corrected QT interval (QTc) and its dispersion (QTcd) and correlate these parameters with LVH in hemodialysis patients. Methods: Case-control study involving hemodialysis patients and a control group. Clinical examination, blood sampling, transthoracic echocardiogram, and electrocardiogram were performed. Intra- and interobserver correlation and concordance tests were performed by Pearson´s correlation, Cohen's Kappa coefficient and Bland Altman diagram. Linear regression was used to analyze association of QTc or QTcd with HVE. Results: Forty-one HD patients and 37 controls concluded the study. Hemodialysis patients tended to have higher values of QTc, QTcd and left ventricular mass index (LVMi) than controls but statistical significance was not found. Correlation and concordance tests depicted better results for QTc than for QTcd. In HD patients, a poor but significant correlation was found between QTc and LVMi (R2 = 0.12; p = 0.03). No correlation was found between values of QTcd and LVMi (R2= 0.00; p=0.940). For the control group, the correspondent values were R2= 0.00; p = 0.67 and R2= 0.00; p = 0.94, respectively. Conclusion: We found that QTc interval, in contrast to QTcd, is a reproducible and reliable measure and had a weak but positive correlation with LVMi in HD patients.
Resumo Fundamentos: A hipertrofia ventricular esquerda (HVE) é muito comum em pacientes em hemodiálise e um fator de risco independente de mortalidade nessa população. O remodelamento do miocárdio, subjacente à HVE, pode afetar a repolarização ventricular, causando anormalidades no intervalo QT. Objetivo: avaliar a reprodutibilidade e confiabilidade das medidas do intervalo QT corrigido (QTc) e sua dispersão (QTcd), e correlacionar esses parâmetros com HVE em pacientes em hemodiálise. Métodos: Estudo caso-controle envolvendo pacientes em hemodiálise e um grupo controle. Foram realizados avaliação clínica, coleta de sangue, ecocardiografia transtorácica, e eletrocardiograma. Testes de correlação e concordância intraobservador e interobservador foram realizados por correlação de Pearson, coeficiente kappa de Cohen e diagrama de Bland Altman. A regressão linear foi usada para analisar a associação entre QTc ou QTcd e HE. Resultados: Quarenta e um pacientes em hemodiálise e 37 controles completaram o estudo. Houve uma tendência de os pacientes apresentarem valores mais altos de QTc, QTcd e de índice de massa ventricular esquerda que os controles, mas sem significância estatística. Os testes de correlação e de concordância apresentaram melhores resultados para QTc que para QTcd. Em pacientes em hemodiálise, uma correlação fraca, mas significativa foi encontrada entre QTc e IMVE (R2 = 0,12; p = 0,03). Não foi encontrada correlação entre QTcd e IMVE (R2 = 0,00; p=0,940). Para o grupo controle, esses valores correspondentes foram R2 = 0,00; p = 0,67 e R2 = 0,00; p = 0,94, respectivamente. Conclusão: o intervalo QTc, diferentemente do intervalo QTcd, é uma medida reprodutível e confiável, e apresentou uma correlação fraca, mas positiva com o IMVE em pacientes em hemodiálise.
Sujet(s)
Humains , Mâle , Femelle , Adolescent , Adulte , Adulte d'âge moyen , Sujet âgé , Jeune adulte , Hypertrophie ventriculaire gauche/diagnostic , Système de conduction du coeur/physiopathologie , Échocardiographie , Études cas-témoins , Reproductibilité des résultats , Facteurs de risque , Dialyse rénale , Hypertrophie ventriculaire gauche/complications , Hypertrophie ventriculaire gauche/physiopathologie , Électrocardiographie , Insuffisance rénale/complications , Insuffisance rénale/physiopathologie , Insuffisance rénale/thérapieRÉSUMÉ
Antecedentes: Uno de los principales predictores de eventos adversos en pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca (IC) es el deterioro de función renal luego de una hospitalización. Estudios recientes han cuestionado la utilidad de la fórmula de Cockroft-Gault (CG) para estimar la función renal en estos pacientes. Objetivo: Evaluar la utilidad de distintos modelos para determinación indirecta de función renal como pre-dictores de mortalidad alejada en sujetos con IC. Método: Estudio descriptivo analítico. Se incorporaron en forma consecutiva pacientes admitidos de 14 hospitales chilenos con el diagnóstico de IC descompensada entre enero 2002 y julio 2012. Las características de los pacientes se compararon mediante t de Student o chi cuadrado según correspondía. En base a la creatininemia al alta se estimó la tasa de filtración glomerular mediante las formulas CG, MDRD-4 y CKD-Epi. El acuerdo entre los resultados de cada fórmula se analizó mediante kappa de acuerdo para clasificación en estadios de función renal y según el método de Bland-Alt-man. Los pacientes se clasificaron por cuartiles según la estimación de cada fórmula; la sobrevida se analizó con el método de Kaplan-Meier y la capacidad de cada fórmula para predecir eventos mediante un modelo de riesgo proporcional de Cox. La mortalidad al fin del seguimiento se determinó por la base de datos del Servicio Nacional de Registro Civil e Identificación. Resultados: Se incluyeron 1584 pacientes, 45,3 por ciento de sexo femenino. La edad promedio fue de 70,5+/-20 años. La creatinina al ingreso fue 1,63+/-1,48 mg/dL y al egreso de 1,59+/-1,41 mg/dL (p=NS). Todos los modelos estimaron un porcentaje similar de población con falla renal al momento del alta (Cl Crea < 60 ml/min/1.73m2): CG 57,3 por ciento, MDRD-4 54,9 por ciento y CKD-Epi 54,9 por ciento. El clearance de creatinina estimado por CG (59,4+/-30,4 mL/min/1,74) fue mayor al estimado por CKD-Epi o MDRD-4 (54,2+/-25,1 y 57,8+/-27 mL/min/1,73m2)...
Background. One of the best predictors of adverse events in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) is the deterioration of renal function following hospitalization. Recent studies have questioned the usefulness of the Cockroft-Gault (CG) formula to estimate renal function in these patients. Aim: To evaluate the usefulness of different indirect methods for estimation of renal function in the prediction of late mortality in patients with CHF. Method: Consecutive patients admitted for CHF in 14 different hospitals from January 2002 and July 2012 were analyzed. Students t or Chi square were used as appropriate for statistical comparisons. The serum creatinine level at the time of discharge was used to estimate glomerular filtration rate (GFR) from 3 different formulae: CG, MDRD-4 and CKD-Epi. Agreement among methods for different assignment to different stages of renal failure was evaluated by the "kappa" statistics and the Bland- Altmann method. Survival according to the estimation from each formula was compared by the log-rank statistics on Kaplan-Meiers survival curves. The ability of each formula to predict adverse events was evaluated by a Cox proportional hazards method. Mortality was obtained from de National Identification Registry. Results: 1548 patients were included, 45.3 percent of them females. Mean age was 70.5 years (SD 20). Creatinine level was 1,63+/-1,48 mg/dL at admission and 1,59+/-1,41 mg/dL at discharge (p=NS). The proportion of patients with renal failure ( creatinine clearance < 60ml/min/1.73 m2) was similar for all methods (CG: 57.3 percent, MDRD-4 54.9 percent and CKD-Epi 54.9 percent). Creatinine clearance by CG (59,4+/-30,4 mL/min/1,73m2) was higher than that estimated by CKD-EPI (54,2+/-25,1/1.73 m2) or MDRD-4 (57,8+/-27 mL/min/1,73m2). Both CKD-Epi and MDMD-4 correctly identified a subgroup of patients with lower late mortality (CKD-Epi quartiles 3 and 4, OR 0,5 IC95 percent 0,35-0,72; MDRD-4 quartiles 3 and 4...
Sujet(s)
Humains , Mâle , Femelle , Sujet âgé , Défaillance cardiaque/physiopathologie , Défaillance cardiaque/mortalité , Insuffisance rénale/physiopathologie , Tests de la fonction rénale , Débit de filtration glomérulaire , Insuffisance rénale/épidémiologie , Appréciation des risques/méthodes , Pronostic , Études prospectives , Courbe ROC , Sensibilité et spécificité , Taux de survieRÉSUMÉ
Objective To estimate the prevalence of abnormal glomerular filtration rate in elderly patients with solid tumors. Methods A retrospective study with patients aged >65 years diagnosed with solid tumors between January 2007 and December 2011 in a cancer center. The following data were collected: sex, age, serum creatinine at the time of diagnosis and type of tumor. Renal function was calculated using abbreviated Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) formulae and then staged in accordance with the clinical practice guidelines published by the Working Group of the National Kidney Foundation. Results A total of 666 patients were included and 60% were male. The median age was 74.2 years (range: 65 to 99 years). The most prevalent diagnosis in the study population were colorectal (24%), prostate (20%), breast (16%) and lung cancer (16%). The prevalence of elevated serum creatinine (>1.0mg/dL) was 30%. However, when patients were assessed using abbreviated MDRD formulae, 66% had abnormal renal function, stratified as follows: 45% with stage 2, 18% with stage 3, 3% with stage 4 and 0.3% with stage 5. Conclusion To the best of our knowledge, this was the first study to estimate the frequency of renal insufficiency in elderly cancer patients in Brazil. The prevalence of abnormal renal function among our cohort was high. As suspected, the absolute creatinine level does underestimate renal function impairment and should not be used as predictor of chemotherapy metabolism, excretion and consequent toxicity. .
Objetivo Estimar a prevalência de taxa de filtração glomerular alterada em pacientes idosos diagnosticados com tumores sólidos. Métodos Estudo retrospectivo de pacientes com mais de 65 anos de idade, diagnosticados com tumores sólidos entre janeiro de 2007 e dezembro de 2011 em um centro de tratamento oncológico. Foram coletados dados sobre sexo, idade, creatinina sérica à época do diagnóstico e tipo de tumor. A função renal foi calculada utilizando a versão simplificada da equação MDRD (Modification of Diet in Renal Disease) e depois estratificada de acordo com as diretrizes de prática clínica do Working Group of the National Kidney Foundation. Resultados Foram incluídos 666 pacientes, sendo 60% do sexo masculino. A idade mediana foi 74,2 anos (variação de 65 a 99 anos), e os diagnósticos mais prevalentes na população do estudo foram câncer colorretal (24%), de próstata (20%), mama (16%) e pulmão (16%). A prevalência de creatinina sérica elevada (>1,0mg/dL) foi 30%. No entanto, quando os pacientes foram avaliados utilizando a forma abreviada da equação MDRD, 66% tinham uma função renal anormal assim estratificada: 45% em estádio 2, 18% em estádio 3, 3% em estádio 4 e 0,3% em estádio 5. Conclusão Até onde sabemos, este foi o primeiro estudo a estimar a frequência de insuficiência renal em pacientes idosos com câncer no Brasil. A prevalência de função renal alterada na coorte estudada foi alta. Como suspeitávamos, o nível absoluto de creatinina subestima a alteração na função renal e não deve ser usado como preditor de metabolismo, excreção e consequente toxicidade dos agentes quimioterápicos. .
Sujet(s)
Sujet âgé , Sujet âgé de 80 ans ou plus , Femelle , Humains , Mâle , Débit de filtration glomérulaire , Tumeurs/complications , Insuffisance rénale/épidémiologie , Facteurs âges , Brésil/épidémiologie , Établissements de cancérologie/statistiques et données numériques , Créatinine/sang , Stadification tumorale , Tumeurs/physiopathologie , Prévalence , Études rétrospectives , Insuffisance rénale/physiopathologie , Facteurs temps , Centres de soins tertiaires/statistiques et données numériquesRÉSUMÉ
OBJETIVO: Avaliar o comportamento da oxigenação e da mecânica ventilatória em pacientes com suporte ventilatório após a realização de hemodiálise. MÉTODOS: Estudo realizado na unidade de terapia intensiva geral de um hospital público terciário. Foram incluídos pacientes maiores de 18 anos, sob ventilação mecânica, com necessidade de suporte dialítico. Cada paciente foi submetido a duas avaliações (pré e pós-diálise) referentes a parâmetros cardiovasculares e ventilatórios, mecânica ventilatória e avaliação laboratorial. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos 80 pacientes com insuficiência renal aguda e crônica. A análise da mecânica ventilatória demonstrou que houve redução da pressão de platô e aumento da complacência estática, após diálise, independentemente da redução da volemia. Pacientes com insuficiência renal aguda também apresentaram redução da pressão de pico (p=0,024) e aumento da complacência dinâmica (p=0,026), enquanto pacientes com insuficiência renal crônica apresentaram aumento da pressão resistiva (p=0,046) e da resistência do sistema respiratório (p=0,044). No grupo de pacientes sem perda volêmica, após diálise, observou-se aumento da pressão resistiva (p=0,010) e da resistência do sistema respiratório (p=0,020), enquanto no grupo com perda >2.000mL observou-se redução da pressão de pico (p=0,027). Não houve alteração na PaO2 e nem na relação PaO2/FiO2. CONCLUSÃO: A hemodiálise foi capaz de alterar a mecânica do sistema respiratório, especificamente reduzindo a pressão de platô e aumentando a complacência estática, independente ...
OBJECTIVE: To assess the oxygenation behavior and ventilatory mechanics after hemodialysis in patients under ventilatory support. METHODS: The present study was performed in the general intensive care unit of a tertiary public hospital. Patients over 18 years of age under mechanical ventilation and in need of dialysis support were included. Each patient was submitted to 2 evaluations (pre- and post-dialysis) regarding the cardiovascular and ventilatory parameters, the ventilatory mechanics and a laboratory evaluation. RESULTS: Eighty patients with acute or chronic renal failure were included. The analysis of the ventilatory mechanics revealed a reduction in the plateau pressure and an increased static compliance after dialysis that was independent of a reduction in blood volume. The patients with acute renal failure also exhibited a reduction in peak pressure (p=0.024) and an increase in the dynamic compliance (p=0.026), whereas the patients with chronic renal failure exhibited an increase in the resistive pressure (p=0.046) and in the resistance of the respiratory system (p=0.044). The group of patients with no loss of blood volume after dialysis exhibited an increase in the resistive pressure (p=0.010) and in the resistance of the respiratory system (p=0.020), whereas the group with a loss of blood volume >2,000mL exhibited a reduction in the peak pressure (p=0.027). No changes in the partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood (PaO2) or in the PaO2/the fraction of inspired oxygen (PaO2/FiO2) ratio were observed. CONCLUSION: Hemodialysis was able to alter the mechanics of the respiratory system and specifically reduced the plateau pressure and increased the static compliance independent of a reduction in blood volume. .
Sujet(s)
Femelle , Humains , Mâle , Adulte d'âge moyen , Dialyse rénale , Ventilation artificielle , Mécanique respiratoire , Insuffisance rénale/physiopathologie , Insuffisance rénale/thérapie , Oxygène/physiologie , Insuffisance rénale/complicationsRÉSUMÉ
Renal dysfunction is common during episodes of acute decompensated heart failure, and historical data indicate that the mean creatinine level at admission has risen in recent decades. Different mechanisms underlying this change over time have been proposed, such as demographic changes, hemodynamic and neurohumoral derangements and medical interventions. In this setting, various strategies have been proposed for the prevention of renal dysfunction with heterogeneous results. In the present article, we review and discuss the main aspects of renal dysfunction prevention according to the different stages of heart failure.
Sujet(s)
Humains , Défaillance cardiaque/complications , Insuffisance rénale/prévention et contrôle , Marqueurs biologiques , Défaillance cardiaque/physiopathologie , Insuffisance rénale/étiologie , Insuffisance rénale/physiopathologie , Indice de gravité de la maladieRÉSUMÉ
Klotho, a recently described gene, is mainly expressed in the kidney, and encodes a protein necessary for the activity of fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFR), especially FGFR1. The Klotho protein has two variants, a transmembrane and a secreted form, and the latter may represent a new hormone synthesized by the kidney. Recent studies have shown that chronic kidney disease (CDK) is associated with significant alterations in the expression of klotho, and this alteration seems to be responsible for many of the phenotypic characteristics that accompany the uremic syndrome. CKD is associated with marked lymphocyte dysfunction, a clinically relevant problem, but the pathophysiological mechanisms behind this dysfunction are mostly unknown. Our research group has recently demonstrated the expression of klotho andFGFR1 in human lymphocytes and is currently implementing a series of experiments designed to determine the role of this pathway in the pathogenesis of lymphocyte dysfunction associated with uremia.
Sujet(s)
Animaux , Vieillissement/immunologie , Phénotype , Souris/classification , Souris/croissance et développement , Insuffisance rénale/physiopathologieSujet(s)
Humains , Défaillance cardiaque/complications , Défaillance cardiaque/thérapie , Insuffisance rénale/complications , Insuffisance rénale/physiopathologie , Insuffisance rénale/thérapie , Diurétiques/usage thérapeutique , Inhibiteurs de l'enzyme de conversion de l'angiotensine/usage thérapeutiqueRÉSUMÉ
De los 42 pacientes en tratamiento con VIH/SIDA de la consulta de infectología pediátrica de la Ciudad Hospitalaria "Dr. Enrique Tejera" en octubre 2002; se estudiaron 26 durante el lapso de agosto-octubre (57,7 por ciento del sexo femenino y 42,3 por ciento masculino); comparándose con un grupo control de 24 niños no VIH. 25 de los pacientes en estudio adquirieron la enfermedad de forma vertical y uno por transfusión sanguínea (3,85 por ciento). 80,8 por ciento tenían ocho años o menos de edad. 26,9 por ciento correspondieron al estadio A1 (todos con 8 años o menos de edad), con igual porcentaje en el estadio C3 (42,8 por ciento con nueve años de edad o más). Se realizaron pruebas de funcionalismo tubulo-intersticial renal y de la función glomerular, encontrando en 61,5 por ciento hiperuricosuria e hipercalciuria; mientras que en el 33,3 por ciento del grupo control se diagnóstico hiperuricosuria e hipocloruria. La relación ácido úrico/creatinina y calcio/creatinina urinaria en ausencia de enfermedad renal diagnosticada mediante ecografía, resultaron con un valor medio y superior, con una diferencia significativa (p<0,001), con respecto al grupo control; no así, la excreción de potasio y cloruro urinario. No se detectó deterioro de la función glomerular a través de la fórmula de Schwartz, proteinuria con rango nefrótico, ni alteración en los valores de la creatinina sérica; tampoco, relación entre los indicadores de tubulopatía, estadio clínico-inmunológico, tiempo y esquema de tratamiento antirretroviral recibido (P>0,05). Los pacientes con menor cuenta de linfocitos CD4+ fueron los más propensos a presentar coinfecciones, sin relación significativa (P>0,05) con las tubulopatías. Los niños con infección por el VIH tienen alto riesgo de desarrollar alteración de las pruebas de funcionalismo tubular renal en cualquier momento de la enfermedad, pudiendo tener relación con factores genéricos, ambientales, tratamiento antirretroviral.
Sujet(s)
Humains , Mâle , Femelle , Enfant , Antirétroviraux/effets indésirables , Techniques de laboratoire clinique , Effets secondaires indésirables des médicaments , Maladies du rein/complications , Maladies transmissibles/complications , Insuffisance rénale/physiopathologie , Facteurs de risque , Syndrome d'immunodéficience acquise/complications , Tubules rénaux/physiopathologie , Infectiologie , PédiatrieRÉSUMÉ
OBJETIVO: Analisar o papel da disfunção renal na internação ou durante a evolução nos pacientes com infarto agudo do miocárdio (IAM). MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados 274 pacientes com IAM, entre janeiro de 2000 e dezembro de 2001. A função renal foi monitorada com a dosagem de creatinina (Cr) na internação e o valor pico durante a hospitalização. O clearance de creatinina (ClCr) foi calculado pela fórmula de Cockcroft & Gault. Foi avaliada a morbidade e mortalidade intra-hospitalar e após um ano do evento. RESULTADOS: A média de idade foi 62,2 ± 13,5 anos e 73 por cento eram do sexo masculino. A função renal esteve mais reduzida nos homens, em pacientes com hipertensão arterial sistêmica e cirurgia de revascularização prévia. A análise multivariada revelou aumento da mortalidade intra-hospitalar relacionada com a elevação nos níveis pico de Cr (OR:1,18 95 por cento IC:1,18-2,77 p = 0,006), com o decréscimo no ClCr inicial (OR:0,96 95 por cento IC:0,93-0,99 p = 0,025) e no ClCr pico (OR:0,96 95 por cento IC:0,92-0,99 p = 0,023). A diferença percentual entre o ClCr inicial e o menor ClCr atingido também indicou maior mortalidade (OR:1,04 95 por cento IC:1,00-1,07 p = 0,033). A piora da função renal não alterou a morbidade e mortalidade em um ano. CONCLUSÃO: Disfunção renal na internação, e sua deterioração durante a hospitalização, mostrou ser um importante marcador prognóstico de pior evolução imediata.
Sujet(s)
Sujet âgé , Femelle , Humains , Mâle , Adulte d'âge moyen , Hospitalisation , Rein/physiopathologie , Infarctus du myocarde/physiopathologie , Insuffisance rénale/physiopathologie , Répartition par âge , Créatinine/sang , Méthodes épidémiologiques , Hospitalisation/statistiques et données numériques , Infarctus du myocarde/métabolisme , Infarctus du myocarde/mortalité , Pronostic , Insuffisance rénale/métabolisme , Insuffisance rénale/mortalité , Répartition par sexeRÉSUMÉ
É relatado caso de paciente de 82 anos, portador de insuficiência renal leve, estenose valvar pulmonar (EVP) severa, estenose severa de artéria descendente anterior e bloqueio atrioventricular total, submetido a angioplastia coronária com implante de stent coronário, valvotomia pulmonar e implante de marcapasso definitivo no mesmo procedimento, com sucesso.
Sujet(s)
Humains , Mâle , Sujet âgé de 80 ans ou plus , Angioplastie coronaire par ballonnet/normes , Maladie coronarienne/thérapie , Pacemaker/normes , Sténose de la valve pulmonaire/thérapie , Endoprothèses , Valve du tronc pulmonaire/chirurgie , Insuffisance rénale/physiopathologieRÉSUMÉ
O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a expressão de angiotensina II (ang II) e do receptor AT1 (AT1R) por imuno-histoquímica em rins de pacientes com glomerulonefrite (GN). Foram avaliados 33 pacientes com GN idiopática e 11 controles (doadores de rim). A expressão de ang II foi mais elevada em interstício de pacientes versus controles. Não houve correlação entre a ang II e função renal, proteinúria ou fibrose intersticial (FI). A expressão do AT1R intersticial foi mais elevada em pacientes versus controles. Houve correlação positiva entre a expressão intersticial de AT1R e FI em pacientes com GN. Estes resultados sugerem ativação local do sistema renina angiotensina nesta patologia / The aim of this study was to evaluate the renal tissue expression of angiotensin II (angII) and its receptor AT1R by immunohistochemistry in patients with glomerulonephritis (GN). 33 patients and 11 controls (kidney donors) were studied. The interstitial expression of angII was higher in patients then in controls. There was no correlation between angII and proteinuria, renal function or interstitial fibrosis (IF). The interstitial expression of AT1R was higher in patients then in controls. There was a positive correlation between interstitial AT1R and proteinuria and with IF in patients. These results suggest local activation of the renin-angiotensin system in human glomerulonephritis...