Índice cpod e fatores associados dos moradores de um município de pequen o porte no nordeste brasileiro / DMF index and associated factors of residents in a small municipality in Northeast Brazil / Índice CPO y factores asociados de los residentes de un pequeño municipio en el noreste de Brasil

Introdução:A atenção à Saúde Bucal no Brasil foi qualificada a partir da Política Nacional de Saúde Bucal (PNSB), através do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), fomentando ações de promoção, prevenção e recuperação da saúde bucal da população. A avaliação da prevalência de cárie dentária em determinada comunidade, para Estudos Epidemiológicos em Saúde Bucal, pode ser realizada por meio do índice CPOD, que fornece a quantidade média de dentes cariados, perdidos e obturados. Objetivo:O presente trabalho objetivouaferir o índice CPOD dos moradores de uma área coberta pela Equipe de Saúde Bucal (ESB) de um município de pequeno porte, caracterizar seu perfil socioeconômico, verificar seu comportamento quanto ao uso de serviços odontológicos e identificar fatores associados ao índice. Metodologia:Foi realizado um estudo de prevalência do tipo exploratório e descritivo com abordagem quantitativaem residentes de um município de pequeno porte com cobertura pela Equipe de Saúde Bucal. Foi utilizado um questionário de caracterização individual abordando identificação socioeconômica e comportamento relacionado à saúde bucal.Resultados:Na análise do CPOD, a média de dentes perdidos (5,44) foi maior que a dos dentes obturados (4,31) e cariados (1,34). Odesfecho CPOD foi associado positivamente com a idade e a necessidade do uso de prótese dentária.Conclusões:Observou-se uma média mais alta de dentes perdidos, seguida por dentes obturados, e uma média menor de dentes cariados. Verificamos que o índice CPOD individual foi mais elevado em pessoas com mais de 34 anos e naqueles que necessitavam de próteses dentárias (AU).

Introduction:Oral Health care in Brazil was qualified basedon the National Oral Health Policy (PNSB), through the Unified Health System (SUS), promoting actions to promote, prevent and recover the oral healthof the population. Assessing the prevalence of tooth decay in a community, for Epidemiological Studies inOral Health, can be conductedusing the DMFT index, which provides the average number of Decayed, Missing and Filled Teeth. Objective:Thisstudy aimed to measure the DMFT index of residents of an area covered by anOral Health Team (ESB) of a small municipality, characterize their socioeconomic profile, verify their behavior regarding the use of dental services,and identify factors associated with this index. Methodology:An exploratory and descriptive prevalence study was conductedwith a quantitative approach in residents of a small municipality covered by the Oral Health Team. An individual characterization questionnaire addressing socioeconomic identification and behavior related to oral health was used. Results:The total samplewas of 283 individuals with an average of 34 years of age. In the DMFT analysis, the average number of missing teeth (5.44) was higher than that of filled (4.31) and decayed ones(1.34). The occurrence of a DMFTindexgreater than 11 was significantly higher in individuals over 34 years of age (p value 0.000) and in subjects who needed dental prosthesis (p value 0.001). Conclusions:A higher average of missing teeth was observed, followed by filled ones, and a lower average of decayed teeth. The DMFT outcome was positively associated with age and the need to use dental prostheses (AU).

Introducción:La atención a la salud bucal en Brasil ha sido calificada por la Política Nacionalde Saúde Bucal (PNSB), a través del Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), promoviendo acciones de promoción, prevención y recuperación de la salud bucal de la población. Para estudios epidemiológicos de salud bucal, la prevalencia de caries dental en una determinada comunidad puede ser evaluada utilizando el índice DMFT, que proporciona el número medio de dientes cariados, perdidos y obturados. Objetivo:El objetivo de este estudio fue medir el índice DMFT de los residentes de un área cubierta por el Equipo de Salud Bucal (ESB) de un pequeño municipio, caracterizar su perfil socioeconómico, verificar su comportamiento en cuanto al uso de servicios odontológicos e identificar factores asociados al índice. Metodología:Se realizó un estudio exploratorio y descriptivo de prevalencia con abordaje cuantitativo en residentes de un pequeño municipio cubierto por un Equipo de Salud Bucal. Se utilizó un cuestionario de caracterización individual que abordaba la identificación socioeconómica y el comportamiento relacionado conla salud bucodental. Resultados:La muestra total fue de 283 individuos con una edad media de 34 años. En el análisis de la DMFT, la media de dientes ausentes (5,44) fue superior a la de dientes obturados (4,31) y cariados (1,34). La incidencia de un DMFTsuperior a 11 fue significativamente mayor en los individuos de más de 34 años (valor p 0,000) y en los que necesitaban un tratamiento dental. Conclusiones:Hubo un mayor número medio de dientes ausentes, seguido de dientes obturados, y un menor número medio de dientes cariados. El resultado del DMFT se asoció positivamente con la edad y la necesidad de prótesis dentales (AU).

Avaliação dos hábitos de vida e o risco de desenvolvimento de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 em uma universidade de goiás / Assessment of lifestyle habits and the risk of developing type 2 diabetes at a university in Goiás / Evaluación de los hábitos de vida y el riesgo de desarrollar diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en una universidad de Goiás

Introdução:O diabetes mellitustipo 2éuma condição endócrino-metabólica caracterizada pela hiperglicemia crônica decorrente da progressiva perda de sensibilidade periférica à insulina. Com efeito, as mudanças ocorridas nos padrões alimentares e de atividade física nos últimos anos possuem estreita relação com o aumento na prevalência dediabetes mellitus tipo 2mundialmente. Dito isso, é imprescindível a identificação precoce dos hábitos de vida inadequados na população, para que seja possível atuar preventivamente e diminuir os riscos de desenvolvimento da doença. Objetivo:Analisar os fatores de risco e o risco de desenvolvimento de diabetes mellitustipo 2 entre os alunos do curso de medicina, por meio do Escore Finlandês de Risco de Diabetes. Metodologia:Estudo epidemiológico analítico realizado por meio de questionário auto aplicado. As prevalências dos fatores de risco foram calculadas, e o teste do qui-quadrado e/ou Exato de Fisher foram realizados para verificar possível associação dos fatores de risco e o perfil dos entrevistados. 343 estudantes participaram do estudo. Resultados:A pontuação foi de 4,45 na amostra geral, classificado como "risco baixo". Os fatores de risco mais prevalentes foram parentesco com indivíduo portador de diabetes, alimentação não-saudável e sedentarismo. Houve associação entre sexo feminino e sedentarismo e entre sexo masculino e sobrepeso/obesidade. Conclusões:O escore de risco dos estudantes de medicina é considerado baixo e a presença de fatores de risco pode ser associada ao perfil do entrevistado (AU).

Introduction:Diabetes mellitus type 2is an endocrine and metabolic condition characterized by chronic hyperglycemia arising from progressive loss of peripheral sensibility to insulin. Effectively, changes in diet and physical activity in the past years are closely related to the increase in prevalence of diabetes mellitus type 2worldwide. Considering that, it is indispensable to perform an early identification of inadequate populational lifestyles in order to allow preventative measures seeking to decrease the development of this disease. Objective:Analyzing the risk factors and risks of developing diabetes mellitus type 2 among the medicine school students through the Finnish Diabetes Risk Score. Methodology:Analytic epidemiologic study through a self-assessment questionnaire. Risk factors prevalence were calculated and the chi-square test and/or the Fisher's exact test were conducted to verify a possible association between risk factors and interviewees' profile. 343 students have participated in the study. Results:Within the general sampling, the final scorewas 4.45, which is classified as "low risk". The most prevalent risk factors were: being related to individuals with diabetes, unhealthy diet, and sedentarism. There was an association of female individuals and sedentarism, and of male individuals and overweight/obesity. Conclusions:The risk score of the medicine school students is considered low and the appearance of risk factors can be associated to the interviewee's profile (AU).

Introducción: El diabetes mellitus clase 2es una condición endocrino-metabólica caracterizada por la hiperglucemia crónica originada por la progresiva pérdida de sensibilidad periférica a la insulina. En efecto, los cambios que ocurren en los estándares alimentarios y de actividad física en los últimos años tienen relación con el aumento de la prevalencia dediabetes mellitus classe 2mundialmente. Por ello, es importante la identificación temprana de los hábitos de vida no adecuados en la población para que se pueda actuar de manera preventiva y disminuir los riesgos de desarrollo de esta enfermedad. Objetivo: Analizar los factores de riesgo y el riesgo del desarrollo de diabetes mellitus clase 2 entre los alumnos del curso de medicina, a través del Score Finlandés de Riesgo de Diabetes. Metodología: Estudios epidemiológico-analíticos hechos a través de encuestas auto aplicadas. Las prevalencias de los factores de riesgo se calculan y el test de chicuadrado y/o Exacto de Fisher serealizan para verificar la posible asociación de los factores de riesgo y el perfil de los entrevistados. 343 estudiantes participan del estudio. Resultados: La puntuación es de 4,45 en la muestra general, clasificado como "riesgo bajo". Los factores de riesgo más prevalentes fueron parentesco con individuo que tiene diabetes, alimentación no sana y sedentarismo. Hubo asociación entre sexo femenino y sedentarismo y entre sexo masculino y sobrepeso/obesidad.Conclusiones: El score de riesgo de los estudiantes de medicina es considerado bajo y la presencia de factores de riesgo puede asociarse al perfil del entrevistado (AU).

Frecuencia de Ponticulus posticus en Telerradiografías Laterales de Cráneo / Frequency of Ponticulus posticus in Digital Lateral Cephalograms

En el arco posterior del atlas se describe una variación de tejido óseo denominada Ponticulus posticus (PP), la cual se ha relacionado con el desarrollo de dolor cervical. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la frecuencia de PP en telerradiografías laterales digitales. Este estudio correspondió a un estudio observacional descriptivo, donde se analizaron 450 telerradiografías laterales digitales obtenidas de la base de datos del Servicio de Imagenología Oral y Maxilofacial de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad Andrés Bello, Viña del Mar, Chile. Se analizó la presencia de PP en cada cefalograma, y se utilizó la clasificación de Cederberg y Stubbs para determinar los grados de osificación. Se aplicó la prueba de Chi-cuadrado para establecer una asociación entre la presencia de PP con el sexo y la edad. De las 450 telerradiografías laterales el 42,4 % presenta PP, con una mayor prevalencia entre el rango de 21-40 años. En cuanto al grado de osificación, el grado 2 fue el tipo más prevalente (25 %), seguido del grado 4 (9,5 %), el grado 3 (8 %). No se encontró asociación entre la presencia de PP con edad y género (P > 0,05). La PP es frecuente en la población y se observa a diferentes edades sin predilección por sexo.

SUMMARY: A bony tissue variation called Ponticulus posticus (PP) is described in the posterior arch of the atlas, which has been associated with the development of cervical pain. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of PP in digital lateral cephalograms. This study was an observational descriptive study, in which 450 digital lateral cephalograms obtained from the database of the Oral and Maxillofacial Imaging Service of the Faculty of Dentistry of the Andrés Bello University, Viña del Mar, Chile, were analyzed. The presence of PP was analyzed in each cephalogram, and the Cederberg and Stubbs classification was used to determine the degrees of ossification. The Chi-square test was applied to establish an association between the presence of PP with gender and age. Of the 450 lateral cephalograms, 42.4 % presented PP, with a higher prevalence in the 21-40 year range. In terms of the degree of ossification, grade 2 was the most prevalent type (25 %), followed by grade 4 (9.5 %), and grade 3 (8 %). No association was found between the presence of PP with age and gender (P > 0.05). PP is common in the population and is observed at different ages without a sex preference.

Conhecimento de estudantes de Odontologia sobre prescrição e o uso de medicamentos / Conocimientos de los estudiantes de Odontología sobre prescripción y uso de medicamentos / Knowledge of Dentistry students about prescription and use of drugs

This study aimed to analyze the knowledge of 335 dentistry students about prescription and use of drugs. The participants were divided into two groups: Group I -composed of 136 students in the last period/semester of the Dentistry course and Group II -composed of 199 students who had recently completed the discipline of Pharmacology/Therapeutics Applied to Dentistry (second semester of graduation). Students answered a questionnaire with 19 closed questions divided into three blocks of interest, Block A (5questions about their academic background); Block B (4 questions about legislation and drug prescription) and Block C (10 questions about common prescription in cases of increased risk due to comorbidities in Dentistry). The instrument was validated afterthe application of three pilot studies in 60 volunteer students who had recently completed the Pharmacology/Therapeutics Applied to Dentistry discipline. The results allowed classifying the level of knowledge as bad, moderate, good or excellent according to the stratification adopted by the authors. Most of the students interviewed were female, 22 years old. According to the results, 70% of the participants stated that the duration of the Pharmacology/Therapeutics Applied to Dentistry course was insufficient for them to feel safe when prescribing medications. The data presented showed that in block "B" only 19% of the students knew who was responsible for the prescription document. Additionally, 57% identified the mandatory items on an antimicrobial prescription. The successful rate of block "C" showed that the participants presented reasonable knowledge of most of the questions related to indication and prescription of medication both in regular and risky situations in Dentistry. The student's average knowledge regarding the indication and prescription of drugs reveals a problem in academic qualification related to drug therapy. It also highlights the need for continuing education of dental surgeons (AU).

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar los conocimientos de 335 estudiantes de odontología sobre la prescripción y uso de medicamentos. Los participantes fueron divididos en dos grupos: Grupo I -compuesto por 136 estudiantes del último período/semestre de la carrera de Odontología y Grupo II -compuesto por 199 estudiantes que habían finalizado recientemente la disciplina de Farmacología/Terapéutica Aplicada a la Odontología (segundo semestre de pregrado). Los estudiantes respondieron un cuestionario con19 preguntas cerradas divididas en tres bloques de interés, Bloque A (5 preguntas sobre su formación académica); Bloque B (4 preguntas sobre legislación y prescripción de medicamentos) y Bloque C (10 preguntas sobre prescripción común en casos de mayor riesgo por comorbilidades en Odontología). El instrumento fue validado luego de la aplicación de tres estudios piloto en 60 estudiantes voluntarios que habían finalizado recientemente la disciplina Farmacología/Terapéutica Aplicada a la Odontología. Los resultados permitieron clasificar el nivel de conocimientos como malo, moderado, bueno o excelente según la estratificación adoptada por los autores. La mayoría de los estudiantes entrevistados eran mujeres, de 22 años. Según los resultados, el 70% de los participantes afirmó que la duración del curso de Farmacología/Terapéutica Aplicada a la Odontología fue insuficiente para sentirse seguros al prescribir medicamentos. Los datos presentados mostraron que en el bloque "B" sólo el 19% de los estudiantes sabían quién era el responsable del documento de prescripción. Además, el 57% identificó los artículos obligatorios en la prescripción de antimicrobianos. La tasa de éxito del bloque "C" demostró que los participantes presentaron conocimientos razonables en la mayoría de las cuestiones relacionadas con la indicación y prescripción de medicamentos tanto en situaciones habituales como de riesgo en Odontología. El conocimiento medio del estudiante sobre la indicación y prescripción de medicamentos revela un problema en la calificación académica relacionada con la farmacoterapia. También destaca la necesidad de una educación continua de los cirujanos dentistas (AU).

Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar o conhecimento de 335 estudantes de Odontologia sobre prescrição e uso de medicamentos. Os participantes foram divididos em dois grupos: Grupo I -composto por 136 alunos do último período/semestre do curso de Odontologia e o Grupo II -composto por 199 alunos que haviam concluído recentemente a disciplina de Terapêutica Medicamentosa/Farmacologia (segundo semestre da graduação). Os estudantes responderam a um questionário com 19 perguntas fechadas dividido emtrês blocos de interesse, Bloco A (5 perguntas sobre sua formação acadêmica); Bloco B (4 perguntas sobre legislação e prescrição de medicamentos) e Bloco C (10 perguntas sobre prescrição comum em casos de risco aumentado por comorbidade em Odontologia). Oinstrumento foi validado após a aplicação de três estudos piloto em 60 alunos voluntários que recentemente haviam concluído a disciplina de Terapêutica Medicamentosa/Farmacologia. Os resultados permitiram classificar o nível de conhecimento como ruim, moderado, bom ou excelente de acordo com a estratificação adotada pelos autores. A maioria dos alunos entrevistados era do sexo feminino, com 22 anos de idade. De acordo com os resultados, 70% dos participantes afirmaram que a duração da disciplina Farmacologia/Terapêutica Aplicada à Odontologia foi insuficiente para que se sentissem seguros ao prescrever medicamentos. Os dados apresentados mostraram que no bloco "B" apenas 19% dos alunos sabiam quem é o responsável pelo documento de prescrição. Além disso, 57% identificaram os itens obrigatórios em uma prescrição antimicrobiana. O índice de sucesso do bloco "C" mostrou que os participantes apresentaram conhecimento razoável envolvendo as questões sobre indicação e prescrição de medicamentos tanto em situaçõesregulares quanto em situações de risco na Odontologia. O conhecimento médio dos alunos quanto à indicação e prescrição de medicamentos revela um problema na formação acadêmica relacionada à terapia medicamentosa (AU).

Perfil profissional dos egressos do curso de Odontologia de uma universidade do interior da Bahia / Perfil profesional de los egresados de la carrera de Odontología en una universidad del interior de Bahía / Professional profile of the dentistry school graduates from a university in the interior of the state of Bahia

O objetivo desse estudo foi conhecer o perfil profissional dos egressos do Curso de Odontologia da Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia e o grau de satisfação em relação ao âmbito de trabalho. Foi realizado um estudo quali-quantitativo e transversal por meio de questionário onlineautoaplicável enviado por meio das redes sociais para os cirurgiões-dentistas que colaram grau entre 2009 e 2020. Os dados obtidos foram tabulados em planilha Excel e submetidos à análise descritiva e ao teste Qui-quadrado de Pearson com nível de significância de 5%. Quando a frequência esperada foi menor que cinco (n<5), utilizou-se o teste exato de Fisher. Para a questão discursiva foi utilizada a técnica de análise de conteúdo proposta por Bardin. Dos 383 egressos, 124 (32%) participaram da pesquisa. Observou-se que 74,2% são do sexo feminino e 44,6% realizaram especialização. A maioria (84,6%) se inseriu no mercado de trabalho em até um mês após a formatura e atuavam como profissional liberal (30,2%). Houve diferença significativa quando associadas as variáveis satisfação com a profissão e valorização financeira. A insegurança em atuar na profissão foi relacionada a não ter mais a supervisão do docente. Ademais, foram apontadas pouca exploração nos conteúdos de gestão e empreendedorismo durante a graduação. Conclui-se que os egressos conseguiram uma rápida inserção no mercado de trabalho após a colação de grau e que um elevado percentual dos cirurgiões-dentistas se sente satisfeito com a profissão (AU).

El objetivo de este estudio fue comprender el perfil profesional de los egresados de la Carrera de Odontología de la Universidad Estadual del Suroeste de Bahía y el grado de satisfacción en relación al ámbito de trabajo. Se realizóun estudio cuali-cuantitativo y transversal mediante un cuestionario en línea autoadministrado enviado a través de redes sociales a cirujanos dentistas egresados entre 2009 y 2020. Los datos obtenidos fueron tabulados en una hoja de cálculo Excel y sometidos a análisis descriptivo y prueba de Pearson. chi-cuadrado con un nivel de significancia del 5%. Cuando la frecuencia esperada fue menor de cinco (n<5), se utilizó la prueba exacta de Fisher. Para la pregunta discursiva se utilizó la técnica de análisis de contenido propuesta por Bardin. De los 383 graduados, 124 (32%) participaron de la investigación. Se observó que el 74,2% son mujeres y el 44,6% completó la especialización. La mayoría (84,6%) ingresó al mercado laboral dentro del mes posterior a su graduación y trabajó como profesionales independientes (30,2%). Hubo diferencia significativa cuando se asociaron las variables satisfacción con la profesión y apreciación financiera. La inseguridad en el trabajo en la profesión estaba relacionada con la falta de supervisión docente. Además, se destacó poca exploración de contenidos de gestión y emprendimiento durante la graduación. Se concluye que los egresados lograron insertarse rápidamente al mercado laboral luego de graduarse y que un alto porcentaje de los cirujanos dentistas se sienten satisfechos con su profesión (AU).

The objective of this study was to review the profile of the Dentistry School graduates from a State University in Southwest Bahia and the degree of satisfaction in relation to their work. A qualitative-quantitative and cross-sectional study was carried out using an online self-administered questionnaire forwarded through the social networks WhatsApp and Instagram to dental surgeons who graduated between 2009 and 2020. The data obtained were tabulated in an Excel spreadsheet and subjected to descriptive analysis and Pearson's Chi-square test with a significance level of 5%. For the open-ended question, the content analysis technique proposed by Bardin was used. Out of the 383 graduates, 124 (32%) participated in the survey. The majority (84.6%) entered the job market within one month after graduation and had been working as independent professionals (30.2%). There was a significant difference with regard to job satisfaction and financial appreciation. The insecurity in the professional endeavor was associated with the fact that a teacher's guidance was no more available. Furthermore, little exploration of management and entrepreneurship matters had been addressed during the graduation course. It is concluded that graduates were able to quickly enter the job market after graduating and that extracurricular activities are crucial in guiding their future profession and in contributing to professional qualification (AU).

Cuidados públicos em saúde bucal ofertado às pessoas com deficiência: a educação permanente no Sistema Único de Saúde / Atención pública de salud bucal ofrecida a personas con discapacidad: educación continua en el Sistema Único de Salud / Public oral health care offered to people with disabilities: continuing education in the Unified Health System

Objetivou-se avaliar a educação permanente em saúde voltada para cirurgiões-dentistas vinculados ao Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) e suas habilidades e competências desenvolvidas durante o Curso de Atenção e Cuidado da Saúde Bucal da Pessoa com Deficiência. Foi um estudo transversal e qualitativo com uso de questionário semiestruturado, a amostra ocorreu por conveniência. Os participantes em sua maioria eram do sexo feminino (90%), com médiade idade de 40 anos e tempo médio de formação de 16,9 anos. Após o término do curso, 90% continuaram atuando no SUS e, desses, 82,5% trabalhando na atenção primária. Ao relatarem sobre se sentirem aptos a atender pessoas com deficiência, após a finalização do curso, 80% responderam que sim e em casos de menor complexidade. Houve diferença estatística quando comparado o tempo de formado com se teve ou não a disciplina de pacientes com necessidades especiais durante a graduação (p=0,02). Conclui-se que os egressos do curso participantes da pesquisa conseguem resolver casos que demandam menor complexidade, presumindo que a qualificação recebida permite responder com maior resolutividade os atendimentos dos pacientes com deficiência (AU).

El objetivo fue evaluar la educación continua en salud dirigida a cirujanos dentistas vinculados al Sistema Único de Salud (SUS) y sus habilidades y competencias desarrolladas durante el Curso de Atención y Atención en Salud Bucal a Personas con Discapacidad. Fue un estudio transversal y cualitativo mediante el uso de un cuestionario semiestructurado, la muestra se utilizó por conveniencia. La mayoría de los participantes eran mujeres (90%), con una edad media de 40 años y un tiempo medio de formación de 16,9 años. Después de finalizar el curso, el 90% continuó trabajando en el SUS y, de ellos, el 82,5% trabajó en la atención primaria. Al reportar sentirse capaz de atender a personas con discapacidad, luego de finalizar el curso, el 80% respondió que sí y enlos casos de menor complejidad. Hubo diferencia estadística al comparar el tiempo transcurrido desde la graduación con si hubo o no una asignatura sobre pacientes con necesidades especiales durante la graduación (p=0,02). Se concluye que los egresados del curso que participan en la investigación son capaces de resolver casos que requieren menor complejidad, asumiendo que la calificación recibida les permite responder con mayor resolución a la atención de pacientes con discapacidad (AU).

This study aimed to evaluate continuing health education for dental surgeons linked to the Unified Health System (SUS) and the skills and competencies developed during an oral health care and attention course for people with disabilities. This cross-sectional, qualitative study used a semi-structured questionnaire and convenience sample. Most participants were women (90%), with an average age of 40 years and average training duration of 16.9 years. After finishing the course, 90% of the students continued working in the SUS, and of these, 82.5% worked in primary care. When reporting feeling able to serve people with disabilities after completing the course, 80% responded yes in cases of less complexity. There was a significant difference between the time since graduation and whether there was a subject with special needs at graduation (p=0.02). It was concluded that graduates participating in the study could solve cases that require less complexity if the qualifications received allowed them to respond with greater resoluteness to the care of patients with disabilities (AU).

Avaliação do protocolo de biossegurança na pandemia em uma clínica odontológica de ensino na perspectiva do paciente / Evaluación del protocolo de bioseguridad en la pandemia en una clínica de enseñanza odontológica desde la perspectiva del paciente / Evaluation of the pandemic biosafety protocol in a dental clinic from the patient's perspective

This study aimed to assess whether patients feel safe or anxious when receiving dental care at a teaching clinic; the study was carried out from the perspective of patients, given the biosafety protocol during the 2019 Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. Thiscross-sectional study was carried out with 217 patients assisted by students in the Dental Clinic of the Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic data, humanization and the safety protocols followed during care. Multivariate analysis was performed using Poisson regression (PR), and p values ≤0.05 were understood. Around 90% of patients reported that students were attentive, communicative, welcoming and confident during treatment about the risk of contracting COVID-19 during care. Patients who showed anxiety during treatment were 32.2%. Some patients were unable to keep their distance in the waiting room (PR 3.439) and did not feel safe during the appointment (PR 2.64) had a higher prevalence of anxiety during dental care. Anxiety about care was associated with the individual's color or ethnicity, ability to maintain social distancing in the waiting room, and feeling safe when receiving care (AU).

El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar si los pacientes se sienten seguros o ansiosos al recibir atención odontológica en una clínica docente; el estudio se realizó desde la perspectiva de los pacientes, teniendo en cuenta el protocolo de bioseguridad durante la pandemia del Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). Se trata de un estudio transversal realizado con 217 pacientes atendidos por estudiantes de la Clínica Odontológica de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Paraná. Se utilizó un cuestionario semiestructurado para recolectar datos sociodemográficos, humanización y protocolos de seguridad seguidos durante la atención. El análisis multivariado se realizó mediante regresión de Poisson (RP), con valores de p ≤0,05. Alrededor del 90% de los pacientes informaron que los estudiantes se mostraron atentos, comunicativos, acogedores y confiados durante el tratamiento sobre el riesgo de contraer COVID-19 durante el tratamiento. Los pacientes que demostraron ansiedad durante el tratamiento fueron el 32,2%. Algunos pacientes no pudieron mantener la distancia en la sala de espera (RP 3.439) y no se sintieron seguros durante la consulta (RP 2.64) y tuvieron mayor prevalencia de ansiedad durante la atención odontológica. La ansiedad con respecto a la atención se asoció con elcolor o el origen étnico del individuo, la capacidad de mantener el distanciamiento social en la sala de espera y sentirse seguro al recibir atención (AU).

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar se os pacientes se sentem seguros ou ansiosos ao receber atendimento odontológico em uma clínica-escola; o estudo foi realizado sob a perspectiva dos pacientes, tendo em vista o protocolo de biossegurança durante a pandemia do Coronavírus 2019 (COVID-19). Trata-se de um estudo transversal realizado com 217 pacientes atendidos por estudantes da Clínica Odontológica da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná. Foi utilizado questionário semiestruturado para coletar dados sociodemográficos, sobre humanização e protocolos de segurança seguidos durante o atendimento. A análise multivariada foi realizada por meio de regressão de Poisson (RP), sendo compreendidos valores de p ≤0,05. Cerca de 90% dos pacientes relataram que os estudantes se mostraram atentos, comunicativos, acolhedores e confiantes durante o tratamento sobre o risco de contrair a COVID-19 durante o atendimento. Os pacientes que demonstraram ansiedade durante o tratamento foram 32,2%. Alguns pacientes não conseguiram manter distância na sala de espera (RP 3,439) e não se sentiram seguros durante a consulta (RP 2,64) tiveram maior prevalência de ansiedade durante o atendimento odontológico. A ansiedade em relação ao atendimento esteve associada à cor ou etnia do indivíduo, capacidade de manter distanciamento social na sala de espera e sentir-se seguro ao receber atendimento (AU).

Knowledge of Brazilian Dentists about Dentoalveolar Trauma Care and their Experiences during the COVID-19 Pandemic

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess dentists' knowledge from Minas Gerais, Brazil, about dentoalveolar trauma (DT) and their experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic. Material and Methods: An online questionnaire with 34 questions was applied to collect personal data, professional training, self-assessment of experience/knowledge about DT, experience in care provided during the social distancing, and knowledge/conduct. The specific responses were evaluated based on the guidelines of the International Association of Dental Traumatology (IADT). Descriptive analysis and Pearson's chi-square test were performed. The level of significance was set at p≤0.05. Results: Most professionals (97.7%) had received information on DT, and only 4.6% of the participants considered their knowledge poor or very poor. However, 92.7% felt the need for more information on the subject. Regarding experiences during the pandemic, 55.7% provided trauma care during that period. Forty percent of the consultations were performed in person, and 33.3% of the professionals noted an increase in cases during the pandemic; 56.6% reported that the frequency did not change. The overall mean number of correct answers about DT was 5.29±2.11, indicating an acceptable level of knowledge. The mean percentage of hits for the specific questions was 44.1%. Conclusion: Although the level of knowledge of the dentists evaluated was acceptable, some aspects were deficient, with the need for more information about the IADT guidelines.

Changes in Oral Health-Related Behaviors and Oral Health of Children in Early Childhood during Social Isolation Caused by COVID-19

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess changes in oral health-related behavior and oral health status in Brazilian children in early childhood perceived by their parents/caregivers during social isolation caused by COVID-19. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study with parents/caregivers of children in southeastern Brazil aged 0-5 years who responded to an online questionnaire about sociodemographic data, dietary changes, oral hygiene, and oral health status of children during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: Of the 119 parents/caregivers, 54.60% did not observe any changes in eating habits, and 81.50% maintained their children's oral hygiene. Associations were observed between the impact of the pandemic on the family income and changes in eating habits (p=0.02) and between lower family income and dental caries perceived by parents/caregivers (p=0.05). Z tests with Bonferroni correction showed that families with drastic income reduction were more likely to consume lower-cost foods (62.50%) than families with no impact or slight reduction on family income. Parents/caregivers did not identify dental caries (89.10%), toothache (92.40%), and dental trauma (92.40%) in their children. Conclusion: Parents/caregivers of children in southeastern Brazil aged 0-5 years observed behavioral changes in the dietary habits of families whose income was impacted by the pandemic, and their perception of dental caries was significantly associated with family income.

Factors Associated with Hyposalivation in Brazilian Adults

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the occurrence of hyposalivation in Brazilian adults and its association with individual determinants, such as the use of medications, systemic conditions, smoking, and alcohol consumption. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study with 402 adults was developed. Information was collected on sociodemographic and general health characteristics, and sialometry was performed with stimulated salivary flow. It indicated low salivary flow when ≤ 0.7 mL/min. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted using a decision tree (p<0.05). Results: The sample was comprised predominantly of women (68.2%) aged ≤ 29 years (25.4%). Most participants did not use medication (56.7%). Among systemic diseases, the most cited was hypertension (25.1%). More than a third of the participants presented hyposalivation (40.3%), being associated with the following variables: age between 50 to 59 years (p=0.011), female sex (p<0.001), menopause (p=0.001), use of alcohol (p=0.033), systemic disease (p=0.002) and medication use (p<0.001). In multivariate analysis, in addition to sex (p<0.001) and hypertension (p=0.005), an association was also found between hyposalivation and diabetes (p=0.014). Conclusion: Factors associated with hyposalivation in adults were sex and the presence of hypertension or diabetes.

Utility of Panoramic Radiographs in the Screening of Individuals with Edentulous Arches: A Need-Analysis Study

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the utility of panoramic radiographs in pre-prosthetic screening of edentulous arches. Material and Methods: Panoramic radiographs taken for three years were retrospectively analyzed. Observations from the radiographs shall be categorized and classified into either of the two categories, namely: 'findings with minimal impact on denture fabrication' and 'findings which affect denture fabrication and require further evaluation.' Anatomic variations, jaw pathologies, and residual ridge resorption patterns were assessed. Results: This study included the initial screening of 23,020 panoramic radiographs, out of which 505 (showing either one or both edentulous arches) were included for the study purpose. The age range of the subjects was from 21 to 94 years. 52.6% of the radiographs showed positive findings. More than half of the radiographs belonged to the males (52.5%). Hyperpneumatization of the maxillary sinus, crestal position of the mental foramen, and retained root fragments were the most common entities noted in the radiographs. Changes in the mental foramen were significantly higher in males than females (p=0.002). Conclusion: Observations from this study showed that panoramic radiographs have high utility for screening edentulous arches, and they should be used in routine clinical practice before denture fabrication.

Frequency of Self-Medication and Knowledge about Out-of-Counter Drugs during the COVID-19 Pandemic in a Group of Iranian Dental Students

Abstract Objective: To study the frequency of self-medication and knowledge about out-of-counter drugs during the COVID-19 pandemic in a group of Iranian dental students. Material and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among dental undergraduates from September 2021 to November 2021 after receiving ethical clearance from the Kerman Medical University Ethical Committee. A valid and reliable questionnaire, consisting of demographic data and questions about self-medication and knowledge about out-of-counter drugs, was sent to participants via E-mail. Data was analyzed by SPSS 26 software by using a t-test. The P-value was considered at a 0.05% significant level. Results: A total of 88 students participated in the study with a mean age of 21.39±3.71 years. Prevalence of self-medication was found in 53.4%. The most common cause for self-medication was headache. Acetaminophen was the most commonly used medicine for self-medication. Females had more self-medication than males, but there was no significant differences. There was no significant differences between entering year to university and self-medication. Younger students had significantly more self-medication (p=0.007). Knowledge about out-of-counter drugs was moderate. Conclusion: Moderate self-medication as noticed. The out-of-counter drugs were the most used. Although out-of-counter drugs seem relatively safe, their improper use can cause serious side effects. Dental students need to be educated regarding appropriate safe medication and out-of-counter drugs.

Aesthetic Dentistry - What You Decided and What I Want: Shade Selection

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the relationship between patients' and dentists' perceptions of shade selection and its impact on satisfaction with the prosthesis. Material and Methods: A single group pre-post study was conducted at the Prosthodontics department of a teaching hospital in India. One hundred ten participants were selected through a systematic random sampling technique with inclusion and exclusion criteria. Patients' attitudes regarding the aesthetics of their maxillary anterior teeth were recorded using a validated questionnaire. Shades for the intended prosthetic crown selected by the dentist and chosen by the patient were recorded separately, and patient satisfaction with the appearance of the final prosthesis was recorded. We used descriptive statistics followed by Pearson's Chi-square test and a binomial logistic regression model for inferential statistics. Results: 109 participant's data were available for final analysis. Patients choose lighter shades than the dentist's selection, which is statistically significant (p=0.000). 73.4% were satisfied with the final prosthesis, and the binomial logistic regression model identified using patient-selected shade for the final prosthesis was significantly associated with patients' satisfaction with the final prosthesis (OR=3.3, p=0.001). Conclusion: The patient's preference should be considered with the dentist's option when selecting a shade to create good esthetics.

Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Regarding Teledentistry Among Dentists in Jakarta During the Coronavirus Disease (Covid-19) Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract Objective: To assess factors associated with knowledge, attitudes, and practices (RAP) related to teledentistry among dentists in Jakarta during the COVID-19 pandemic. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study used a self-administered online questionnaire with a purposive sampling technique. Survey items comprised knowledge of, attitude toward, the practice of, and barriers to teledentistry. The Chi-square, Mann-Whitney, and Spearman correlation tests were used to determine factors associated with RAP of teledentistry. Results: A total of 183 dentists in Jakarta completed the questionnaire. The findings showed that 95.6% of the surveyed dentists had good knowledge, 83.1% expressed positive attitudes, and 60.7% practiced teledentistry during the COVID-19 pandemic. Most participants (86.3%) expressed a willingness to practice teledentistry in the future. The three most significant barriers that obstruct dentists from practicing teledentistry are patient compliance and satisfaction regarding the dentist's physical presence, a low population education level, and a lack of technological infrastructure. A statistically significant relationship was found between teledentistry practice and age, marital status, working experience, and training regarding teledentistry. A positive correlation was found between knowledge of and attitude toward teledentistry. Conclusion: Dentists in Jakarta have a high understanding of, positive attitudes toward, and good practices for teledentistry. Factors related to teledentistry practice were age, marital status, work experience, and training experience in the last two years.

Use of Sealants in Permanent Molars by Brazilian Dentist: A Comparative Study of Public versus Private

Abstract Objective: To compare the use of sealants in permanent molars between public and private dentists in Brazil. Material and Methods: This was a cross-sectional and analytical web survey study. The convenience sample consisted of dentists in Brazil who answered a pre-tested online form released via social media between July and October 2021. Descriptive analysis was performed using absolute and relative frequencies (%) and associations using the Chi-square test (p<0.05). Results: Brazilian professionals participated in the study (n=2,244). Comparing the professionals from the public service with those from the private service, the former had a higher positive perception of the use of sealants as a preventive (92.4% vs. 81.1%, p<0.00l) and therapeutic procedure (90.7% vs. 82.4%, p=0.00l), higher percentage of non-invasive (91.7% vs. 83.8%, p<0.00l) and invasive (22.8% vs. 12.0%, p< 0.001) techniques. Professionals from the private service reported more frequently that they did not use sealants than those from the public service (14.0% vs. 4.8%, p<0.00l). Resin sealant (97.7% vs. 94.9%, p=0.0l5) and Flow resin (62.0% vs. 54.3%, p=0.013) were the most used by professionals in the private service. The use of glass ionomer cement was not associated with the type of service (75.1% vs. 77.2%, p=0.172), nor was the use of adhesives (0.6% vs. 1.4%, p=0.195) or resin with Giomer technology (1.9% vs. 2.2%, p=0.856) (p>0.05). Conclusion: The percentage of use of sealants among dentists in Brazil is high, especially among professionals in the public service, and the most used materials were resinous sealants and glass ionomer cement.

Prevalence and Associated Factors to Non-Carious Cervical Lesions in Brazilian University Students: A Cross-Sectional Survey

Abstract Objective: To identify the prevalence, severity, hypersensitivity, and distribution of Non-carious cervical lesions (NCCL) among university students in Brazil. Material and Methods: 179 participants answered an anamnesis with twenty questions about the presence or absence of habits associated with NCCL. The participants' teeth were evaluated to identify the presence or absence of the lesion, its classification, involved surfaces, severity, hypersensitivity, and tooth wear index. A hypersensitivity test was performed with ice water. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test and simple logistic regression (p<0.01). Results: 179 participants answered an anamnesis with twenty questions about the presence or absence of habits associated with NCCL. The participants' teeth were evaluated to identify the presence or absence of the lesion, its classification, involved surfaces, severity, hypersensitivity, and tooth wear index. A hypersensitivity test was performed with ice water. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test and simple logistic regression (p<0.01). Conclusion: The prevalence of NCCL was 15.1% and abfraction was the most frequent lesion. Premolars were the teeth most affected by non-carious cervical lesions.

Accuracy of Working Length Determination - Electronic Apex Locator Versus Cone Beam Computed Tomography

ABSTRACT Objective: To compare the accuracy of working length determination between cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and electronic apex locator by measuring the actual working length of teeth. Material and Methods: A total of 150 single-rooted tooth assessed by radiograph undergoing root canal therapy were selected. The process was repeated to obtain a buccolingual and mesiodistal section of all teeth. The measurement line was considered from the reference occlusal plane following the center of the canal to the terminus. All information regarding the accuracy of cone-beam computed tomography and apex locator was noted in a pre-designed proforma. Results: CBCT consistently demonstrated high accuracy across all tooth types in both jaws. The electronic apex locator exhibited varying precision, with greater accuracy observed in the mandible. Statistical analyses revealed significant differences in electronic apex locator accuracy among tooth types in the maxilla (p=0.042), emphasizing the importance of specific clinical considerations. Conclusion: Cone beam computed tomography emerges as a reliable diagnostic tool for accurate working length determination, especially in complex cases, while the electronic apex locator remains valuable with careful consideration of potential variations in accuracy. An individualized approach, considering tooth type, jaw location, and clinical context, is crucial for precise working length determination in endodontic practice.

Drug Hypersensitivity Associated with Dental Treatments

ABSTRACT Objective: To characterize drug hypersensitivity associated with dental treatments. Material and Methods: Data from 5,302 dental patients extracted from the Faculty of Dental Medicine were used to investigate drug use history, drug hypersensitivity, and associations with oral health outcomes. The chi-square test was used, and values of p ≤ 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: The frequency of patients' self-reported drug hypersensitivity was 26.42% (n = 1,401). The highest frequencies were for opioid/narcotic analgesics (20.84%, n = 292), antibiotics (18.13%, n = 961), and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (10.46%, n = 141). Most of the patients (68.65%, n = 3,640) reported using medications, mostly for cardiovascular disease (43.1%, n = 1,569), for psychiatric/neurological disorders (39.75%, n = 1,447), drugs that affect the endocrine system (32.55%, n= 1,185), and drugs for pain (24.92%, n = 907). Higher drug hypersensitivity frequencies were associated with older White female subjects (p<0.0001). Associations were also identified between drug hypersensitivity and history of the following dental procedures: tooth extractions (p=0.003), root canal treatment (p=0.0004), prosthodontic treatments (p<0.0001), and orthodontic treatments (p=0.007). Conclusion: A high frequency of self-reported drug hypersensitivity in dental patients was found, with a higher occurrence in older White women and those with a history of more extensive and invasive dental care.

Treatment Trends in Paediatric Dentistry with Evolving Training and Education of Postgraduate Students in India: A Retrospective Study

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess and analyse the pattern of dental treatment services and their characteristics provided to children by evaluating the clinical use of materials and prevalence in material research in a major postgraduate paediatric tertiary care hospital in India over three years. Material and Methods: Institutionally approved retrospective analysis was conducted by auditing the clinical records of 2644 patients who visited and had treatment in the Outpatient and Inpatient Department of Paedodontics and Preventive Dentistry from January 2017 to December 2019. Clinical logbooks of postgraduate students were analysed by crosschecking with the department's data warehouse. Results: Out of the 2644 children who had treatment, more than two-thirds of them were in the age group of 4-7 years old. Around 5.6% of the patients were specially-abled children. Extraction (33.5%) was the most common treatment, followed by restorative treatment (29.1%). Endodontic treatment had a prevalence of 19.8%, with a reduced prevalence of preventive treatment care (0.5%). Patients who had traumatic tooth management included 2.8% of the study population. The prevalence of preventive care was found to be 2.1%. The teaching curriculum with theoretical and clinical skill practices was under the country's assigned authority. Conclusion: Despite advancements in paediatric dentistry, more children had extraction treatment with less observed utilization of preventive care. The widening of the training prospectus includes comprehensive care and an amplified focus on preventive care in the academic curriculum of paediatric postgraduates, which is the need of the hour.

Association of Sleep Quality and Stress with Academic Performance among Undergraduate Dental Students of Bhubaneswar, India

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess sleep quality and stress level and to analyze their effect on the academic performance of undergraduate dental students. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive survey was conducted among 234 undergraduate dental students at Bhubaneswar. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), consisting of 18 items rated on a 4-point Likert scale, assessed sleep quality. Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10) evaluated the stress level. Google Forms collected demographic details and marks obtained in their previous examination. Chi-square, Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis tests, and Spearman correlation coefficient were used for analysis (p≤0.05). Results: Mean PSQI and K10 scores were 4.87±4.5 and 17.60±8.5, respectively. 38% of students had poor sleep quality, and mean actual sleep hours were 8.01±1.7. One-fourth (24.8%) of subjects had moderate to severe stress. Sleep quality significantly differed among the various academic years (p=0.001). A post-hoc test showed a difference between 1st and 2nd-year students and 1st and 4th-year students. A statistically significant difference between genders regarding the components of the K10 scale was observed. A non-significant positive correlation between total marks and K10 score and a negative correlation between marks and global PSQI score was found. Conclusion: Sleep quality and stress harm the academic performance of dental students.