Summary and analysis of total auricle reconstruction in adult microtia patients / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective: To observe the clinical effect of auricle reconstruction in adult patients with microtia and summarize the experience. Methods: Clinical data of adult patients with microtia who underwent total auricle reconstruction using the modified Nagata's two stage for microtia reconstruction from June 2016 to June 2021 were analyzed. A total of 41 adult patients (42 ears) with microtia were enrolled, including 30 males and 11 females, with the median age at the time of surgery of 37 years. Autogenous costal cartilage was used as the auricular framework for all patients in this group. The first stage surgery was performed according to the modified Nagata's two stage for microtia reconstruction procedure,cartilage auricular framework carving was performed by different methods according to the ossification state of adult costal cartilage. Six months following the primary operation, ear elevation and cranioauricular angle formation, retroauricular facial flap transfer and medium-thick skin grafting were performed in the second stage. Results: All patients successfully completed two stage operation. During the follow-up of 3 months and 24 months, all the 41 patients were satisfied with the morphology of reconstructed auricle. Conclusion: According to the costal cartilage status of adult patients, different costal cartilage carving techniques can be used for total auricle reconstruction to obtain ideal surgical results.

Otoplastia en oreja prominente / Otoplasty in prominent ear

La oreja alada es la deformidad congénita más frecuente en cabeza y cuello, con una incidencia de 5% en la población caucásica. Queda definida por una distancia entre el hélix y la mastoides mayor a 21 mm o un ángulo mayor a 90° entre la concha auricular y la fosa escafoidea, siendo causada en el 70% de los casos por un antihélix mal plegado. Su corrección, a través de la otoplastia, se vuelve fundamental en prevenir los impactos psicológicos, siendo indicada antes de los 6 a 7 años, cuando la oreja ha alcanzado un ancho similar a la oreja adulta. El abordaje quirúrgico se divide en aquellas técnicas incisionales y no incisionales, cuya tasa de éxito y complicaciones como el otohematoma, necrosis de cartílago y deformidad irreversible, entre otras, son variables. La recidiva varía entre 6% a 12,5%, según el abordaje, no existiendo a la fecha una única técnica de elección. En el presente trabajo se discutirán cuatro técnicas principales: Incisionless, Furnas, mustardé y técnica de los pilares.

The prominent ear is the most common congenital deformity in head and neck, with an incidence of 5% in the Caucasian population. It is defined by a distance between the helix and the mastoid greater than 21 mm or an angle greater than 90° between the concha and the scaphoid fossa, being caused in 70% of the cases by a misfolded antihelix. Its correction, through the otoplasty, becomes essential in preventing psychological impact, being indicated before the age of 6 or 7, when the ear has reached a similar width of an adult ear. The surgical access is classified on incisionless and non-incisionless techniques, where the success rate and complications like hematoma, cartilage necrosis and irreversible deformity, among others, are variables. Recurrence varies between 6%-12.5%, depending on the approach, and to date there is no single technique of choice. In this revision, we will discuss the four principal techniques: Incisionless, Furnas, Mustardé and the abutment technique.

Correction of severe cup ears using postauricular tongue-shaped flap combined with deep fascial suspension / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective: To investigate the effect and satisfaction of using the postauricular tongue-shaped flap combined with deep fascia suspension in correcting severe cup ear malformation. Methods: Between August 2018 and November 2019, nine cases (10 ears) of Tanzer type Ⅲ severe cup ear malformation were treated with postauricular tongue-shaped flap combined with deep fascia suspension in this study. Results: Nine cases primary healed without hematoma, infection or skin necrosis, except one case with postoperative incision dehiscence. The cup ear deformity was significantly improved after the operation, the helix was intact, and the anti-helix was visible. The length, width, and circumference of the auricle were significantly enlarged three months following surgeries. There were no other complications except 1 patient recurrence 12 months after surgery. The patients were highly satisfied with the results of the surgery. Conclusions: Although the aesthctic of the reconstructed auricle is insufficient, this new technology makes full use of the autologous auricle tissue to correct severe cup ear malformation with good results.

Rib cartilage framework supporting combined with local flap grafting for correction of cryptotia / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective: To investigate the curative effect of rib cartilage framework supporting combined with local flap grafting for correction of cryptotia. Methods: Fourteen cases (nineteen ears) were corrected by rib cartilage framework supporting combined with local flap grafting method from January 2017 to March 2019. Part of the 7th rib cartilage was carved into a scalloped cartilage piece, which was implanted on the retroauricular cartilage to release and expand the deformed cartilage. A "M" incision was designed on the retroauricular skin to make the local flap grafting. Results: All corrected auricles were followed up for four months to three year and abtained satisfactory and stable appearance. In one case, the edge of the helix was broken two weeks after the operation, and well healed after repairing. Conclusions: The rib cartilage framework supporting combined with local flap grafting method can fully correct the deformity of cryptotia, and the long-term effect is satisfied. It can be an important complement to the classic methods.

Treatment effect of hemifacial dysplasia by injecting transplantation of autologous tissue in the second stage surgery for total auricle reconstruction / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective: To observe the treatment effect of hemifacial dysplasia by injecting transplantation of autologous dermis and fat granules in the second stage surgery for total auricle reconstruction. Methods: From March 2013 to March 2018, 57 patients with unilateral microtia and mild-to-moderate hemifacial dysplasia were divided into concurrent treatment group (32 cases, including 13 females and 19 males and aged 6-33 years old with an average age of 12.5 years) and traditional treatment group (25 cases, including 10 females and 15 males and aged 6-21 years old with an average age of 11.3 years) according to the different surgical methods. Modified Nagata method of auricular reconstruction was chosen, in the second stage surgery (cranial ear angle plasty), patients in concurrent treatment group received the treatment of hemifacial dysplasia with autologous dermal and fat injection transplantation at the same time; Patients in traditional treatment group only received cranial ear angle plasty. Statistical analysis of the two groups of patients was carried out for the average operation time, the average length of hospital stay, the incidence of common complications and postoperative satisfaction rate. SPSS 21.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Results: The mean operation time of the concurrent treatment group (282.0±3.4)min was longer than that of the traditional treatment group (243.0±3.1)min, and the difference was statistically significant (t=9.884, P<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in the average length of stay between the the concurrent treatment group (9.4±0.3)d and the traditional treatment group(9.5±0.2)d, t=0.256, P>0.05. There were no statistically significant differences in the incidence of common surgical complications between the concurrent treatment group (12.5%, 4/32) and the traditional treatment group(12.0%, 3/25), χ2=0, P>0.05. Postoperative satisfaction rate of the concurrent treatment group(90.6%, 29/32) was significantly higher than that of the traditional treatment group(56.0%, 14/25), the difference was statistically significant (χ2=9.081, P<0.05). Conclusions: Auricular reconstruction with treatment of hemifacial dysplasia should not significantly increase the average length of stay and the incidence of common complications compared with auricular reconstruction alone. Although the operation time is slightly extended, the scheme of concurrent treatment can reduce the times of operations, save medical resources and increase the satisfaction rate of patients.

Criptotia em paciente ocidental adulto: relato de caso / Cryptotia in a Western adult patient: a case report

Criptotia é uma deformidade auricular congênita comum em orientais e rara em ocidentais, sendo a grande maioria dos estudos de técnicas cirúrgicas orientais e aplicados em crianças. Nesta patologia, a cartilagem do polo superior da orelha encontra-se alojada embaixo da pele na região temporal, o que impossibilita o uso de óculos, devido à falta de apoio e torna o polo superior sem definição estética. O presente estudo tem por objetivo relatar o caso de um paciente adulto com criptotia, submetido ao tratamento cirúrgico com retalho de pedículo subcutâneo mastóideo, revisando as principais técnicas descritas para o tratamento deste acometimento. O retalho de pedículo subcutâneo descrito por Yoshimura, mostrou-se adequado para a correção da criptotia em paciente ocidental e adulto.

Cryptotia is a congenital ear deformity common in Easterners and rare in Westerners, with most studies addressing Eastern surgical techniques applied to children. In this pathology, the cartilage of the upper pole of the ear is lodged subcutaneously in the temporal region, which prevents individuals from using glasses due to lack of support and prevents esthetic definition of the upper pole. The present study aimed to report the case of an adult patient with cryptotia undergoing surgical treatment using a mastoid subcutaneous pedicle flap and review the main techniques described for the treatment of this involvement. The subcutaneous pedicle flap described by Yoshimura proved to be adequate for correcting cryptotia in a Western adult patient.

Retalho retroauricular ilhado para reconstrução parcial de orelha: relato de casos / Retroauricular island flap for partial ear reconstruction: case reports

Defeitos parciais de orelha podem ser tratados de diversas formas, dentre elas o fechamento primário, cicatrização por segunda intenção ou retalhos. Diversas opções técnicas foram descritas para a sua reconstrução de modo a manter o contorno natural da orelha, sem sacrificar tecido sadio ou alterar sua estética e função. Apresentamos neste artigo dois casos atendidos no Instituto do Câncer do Hospital de Base de São José do Rio Preto de reconstrução de defeitos condrocutâneos de orelha após ressecção de carcinoma basocelular em região central da orelha, com a confecção de retalho retroauricular ilhado transposto através de uma janela cartilaginosa e com o pedículo desepidermizado. Área doadora com fechamento primário. Tal procedimento constitui técnica segura, pois a região retroauricular é ricamente vascularizada, é de fácil execução, em único estágio e com resultado estético e funcional satisfatório.

Partial ear defects can be treated in several ways, including primary closure, healing by secondary intention, or flaps. Several surgical options have been described for reconstruction in order to maintain the natural contour of the ear, without sacrificing healthy tissues or changing the aesthetics and function. In this article, we present two cases of reconstruction of chondrocutaneous defects of the ear after resection of basal cell carcinoma in the central region of the ear, with the production of a retroauricular island flap transposed through a cartilaginous window with the de-epidermized pedicle. The donor area healed following a primary closure. This procedure can be performed in a single stage, yields satisfactory aesthetic and functional results, and is safe because the retroauricular region is richly vascularized.

Otoplastia Combinada / Combined Otoplasty

Introdução: Orelha em abano é a deformidade congênita mais comum de cabeça e pescoço, cuja transmissão se dá por herança autossômica dominante, sem predileção por gênero. A orelha proeminente ou "em abano" ocorre quando há um excesso ou hipertrofia da concha auricular, apagamento da antélice, um ângulo escafoconchal maior que 90º ou uma combinação destes, ocorrendo uni ou bilateralmente. O objetivo é apresentar uma abordagem conservadora para correção de orelha em abano, com a associação de técnicas. Métodos: Foi utilizada uma variação cirúrgica para realização de otoplastia com o auxílio de uma abordagem anterior para ressecção da concha auricular associada ao enfraquecimento da antélice com incisões parciais na cartilagem também por via anterior e a realização de pontos de Mustardé por via posterior para melhor definição da antélice, sem a fixação da concha à mastoide. Foram operados 200 pacientes com idade média de 17 anos, entre janeiro de 1987 e janeiro de 2015, sendo 60% do gênero feminino. Resultados: Dos 200 pacientes, apenas 24 necessitaram revisões cirúrgicas discretas. Conclusão: O procedimento cirúrgico é simples, facilmente reprodutível, proporcionando bons resultados, com alto grau de satisfação e baixo índice de complicações/morbidade.

Introduction: Protruding ear is the most common congenital deformity of the head and neck, with an autosomal dominant inheritance and no predilection for sex. Protruding ear or prominent ear occurs when there is concha excess or hypertrophy, erasure of the antihelix, a scapho-conchal angle greater than 90°, or a combination of these factors, occurring unior bilaterally. The objective is to present a conservative approach to correct protruding ear, with a combination of techniques. Methods: The otoplasty surgical technique involved an anterior approach for resection of the auricular concha, which was associated with weakening of the antihelix, and partial incisions of the cartilage were performed through anterior access and of Mustardé sutures, through posterior access for better definition of the antihelix without fixation of the concha to the mastoid. Two hundred patients with a mean age of 17 years underwent operations between January 1987 and January 2015, 60% of whom were female. Results: Of the 200 patients, only 24 patients needed discrete surgical revisions. Conclusion: The surgical procedure is simple, easily reproducible, provides good results, and is associated with a high degree of satisfaction and a low rate of complications/morbidities.

Total earlobe reconstruction with a superiorly based preauricular flap

Abstract: An 86-year-old woman was referred for treatment of a lentigo maligna melanoma on the left earlobe, confirmed by cutaneous biopsy. The resulting surgical defect involved the earlobe's full thickness. The authors outline a simple method for reconstructing the entire lobe in one stage, without grafts, whilst offering a pleasant appearance. Earlobe deformity may be congenital or, more often, acquired due to trauma, burns or surgery. Ear lobules are an important reference point for facial symmetry and they serve decorative purposes like wearing earrings. Losing them represents an obvious aesthetic abnormality. Several methods developed to reconstruct this deformity have presented various advantages and disadvantages.

Desenvolvimento e aplicação de um protocolo antropométrico para a avaliação de resultados de otoplastia / Development and implementation of an anthropometric protocol to evaluate results of otoplasty

INTRODUÇÃO: A proeminência dos pavilhões auriculares é a forma mais comum de deformidade desta estrutura, afetando em torno de 5% da população. A maioria dos trabalhos acerca da cirurgia de otoplastia apresenta avaliações subjetivas, não permitindo apreciar acuradamente os resultados no pós-operatório, bem como dificultando a comparação entre técnicas. Propõe-se o desenvolvimento e aplicação de protocolo específico para avaliação dos resultados. MÉTODO: Avaliação prospectiva pelo período de um ano de pacientes submetidos à otoplastia bilateral utilizando técnica baseada em modelagem cartilaginosa com suturas, utilizando medidas da distância hélice-mastoide em pontos padronizados. RESULTADOS: Foram operados 23 pacientes com idade média de 17,8 anos. A incidência de reoperação foi de 21,7% dos pacientes ou 10,7% das orelhas. Houve perda de cerca de 45% da correção obtida no ponto superior e 35% nos pontos médio e inferior nos pacientes não reoperados. CONCLUSÕES: O protocolo foi de fácil utilização e permitiu a avaliação objetiva tanto da deformidade no pré-operatório quanto dos resultados cirúrgicos. A técnica utilizada produziu resultados considerados adequados e comparáveis aos da literatura.

INTRODUCTION: Prominence is the most common deformity of the ear, affecting about 5% of the population. Most reports on otoplasty describe subjective evaluations, and do not provide accurate postoperative assessment or a comparison between techniques. We propose the development and implementation of a specific protocol to evaluate results. METHOD: A prospective evaluation for a period of one year in patients who underwent bilateral otoplasty was performed, using a technique based on modeling of the cartilage with sutures, and helix-to-mastoid distance measurements at standardized points. RESULTS: A total of 23 patients with an average age of 17.8 years underwent surgery. Reoperation was performed in 21.7% of the patients or 10.7% of the ears. Nearly 45% of the correction obtained at the upper point and 35% at the middle and lower points were lost in patients who did not undergo reoperation. CONCLUSIONS: The protocol was easily used and allowed objective evaluation of the preoperative deformity and surgical results. This technique produced results considered adequate and comparable to the literature.

Complicações em Otoplastia / Complications of otoplasty surgeries

INTRODUÇÃO: Orelha em abano é caracterizada pelo pobre desenvolvimento da anti-hélice, hiperplasia da concha, ângulo céfalo-auricular anormal, lóbulo grande e proeminente ou qualquer combinação dos itens citados. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado um estudo prospectivo, em que foram acompanhados 60 pacientes submetidos à otoplastia, no período de janeiro de 2014 a janeiro de 2015, no Hospital Municipal Barata Ribeiro. RESULTADOS: Entre as complicações precoces, citamos infecção (0%), hematoma (1,6%) e necrose de pele (3,3%). Entre as complicações tardias: assimetria (10%), recidiva (3,3%), extrusão de pontos (10%), granuloma, cicatriz hipertrófica (0%) e queloide (0%). Quando os pacientes foram questionados quanto aos resultados obtidos com a otoplastia, 3,3% responderam que o resultado foi ruim, 3,3% regular, 3,3% bom, 3,3% ótimo e 86,8% excelente. CONCLUSÃO: As taxas de complicações precoces e tardias são semelhantes às descritas na literatura.

INTRODUCTION: Protruding ears are caused by poor development of the antihelix, hyperplasia of the concha, abnormal cephaloauricular angle, a large and prominent lobule, or any combination of the above. METHODS: A prospective study was performed, in which 60 patients who underwent otoplasty were followed up from January 2014 to January 2015 at the Hospital Municipal Barata Ribeiro. RESULTS: Early complications included infection (0%), hematoma (1.6%), and skin necrosis (3.3%). Late complications included asymmetry (10%), recurrence (3.3%), extrusion of sutures (10%), granuloma formation (0%), hypertrophic scarring (0%), and keloid formation (0%). When patients were asked to rate the otoplasty, 3.3% stated that it was poor, 3.3% fair, 3.3% good, 3.3% very good, and 86.8% excellent. CONCLUSION: The rates of early and late complications are similar to those described in the literature.

A simple ear splint for microtia patients.

Microtia is a congenital anomaly of the ear can occur as an isolated birth defect or as part of a spectrum of anomalies or as a syndrome. Microtia is often associated with impaired hearing and or total loss of hearing. Such patients typically require treatment for surgical ear reconstruction and for hearing impairment. Maintenance of ear projection and post auricular sulcus in staged ear reconstruction in microtia is a trying problem. So also is the maintenance of the patency of the external auditory meatus following recanalization and meatoplasty.This case report describes a simple effective way of fabrication of ear splint prosthesis.

Refinamento da técnica de Mustardé para o tratamento das orelhas proeminentes / Refinement of the Mustardé technique for the treatment of prominent ears

Introdução: Tradicionalmente, múltiplas anomalias podem causar as orelhas proeminentes e foram desenvolvidas técnicas específicas para o tratamento de cada deformidade. Neste trabalho, testou-se uma abordagem única para alcançar resultados favoráveis. Método: Foram avaliados, retrospectivamente, os pacientes submetidos a otoplastia bilateral entre junho de 2010 e Dezembro de 2012, divididos em dois grupos: Grupo 1 - técnica convencional de Mustardé e Grupo 2 - Refinamento da técnica de Mustardé. Para comparação foram coletados os dados referentes às complicações precoces, tardias, à necessidade de reoperação e ao grau de satisfação do paciente. A análise estatística foi realizada através do teste exato de Fisher. Resultados: No Grupo 1 foram incluídos 9 pacientes tratados com a técnica tradicional de Mustardé. Houve um caso de extrusão de pontos (11,11%). Sete pacientes ficaram muito satisfeitos, um satisfeito e um insatisfeito por correção insuficiente, sendo reoperado. No Grupo 2 foram incluídos 19 pacientes submetidos a uma variação da técnica de Mustardé com 3 suturas no terço médio da orelha, rotacionando posteriormente o vértice da antélice. Houve um caso de infecção bilateral (5,26%). Dezessete pacientes ficaram muito satisfeitos, um satisfeito e outro insatisfeito por correção insuficiente, sendo reoperado. Não houve diferença estatística entre os grupos. Conclusão: A identificação da alteração básica relacionada com orelhas proeminentes permite uma abordagem única, de fácil aprendizado e execução, com resultados de aparência natural e elevado grau de satisfação do paciente.

Introduction: Traditionally, multiple abnormalities can cause prominent ears, and specific techniques have been developed for the treatment of each abnormality. In this study, we tested a single approach aimed at achieving satisfactory outcomes. Method: Patients submitted to bilateral otoplasty, between June 2010 and December 2012, were retrospectively evaluated and divided into two groups: group 1 ­ patients submitted to the conventional Mustardé technique and group 2 ­ those who underwent the modified Mustardé technique. For comparison, we collected data relating to early and late complications, requirement for a new surgery, and degree of patient satisfaction. Statistical analysis was performed with Fisher's exact test. Results: Group 1 included nine patients treated with the conventional Mustardé technique. A case of suture extrusion (11.11%) was observed. Seven patients reported to be very satisfied, one satisfied, and one dissatisfied because of insufficient correction and a subsequent need for a second surgery. Group 2 included 19 patients submitted to the modified Mustardé technique, which involved three sutures in the middle third of the ear and the posterior rotation of the vertex of the antihelix. One case of bilateral infection (5.26%) was observed. Seventeen patients reported to be very satisfied, one satisfied, and another dissatisfied because of insufficient correction, thus needing to undergo a second surgery. No statistical difference was observed between the two groups. Conclusion: The identification of the basic abnormality associated with prominent ears allows performing a single approach that is easy to learn and implement, in addition to providing good outcome (i.e., natural appearance) and a high degree of patient satisfaction.

Correção de orelha de abano por técnica combinada: análise de resultados e alteração da qualidade de vida / Otaplasty using cambined techniques: analysis af results and changes in patient quality af life

Introduction: Prominent ears are relatively frequent and are the most common congenital ear deformity. Numerous otoplasty procedures are described in the literature, including some that recommend the use of combined techniques. Outstanding ears cause considerable aesthetic alteration of the facial symmetry and are associated with psychological and behavioral problems. Thus, it is important to assess the improvement in patient quality of life that this surgical procedure provides. This study aimed to analyze the results of otoplasty procedures using combined techniques and assess the improvement in patient quality of life after the procedure. Method: A retrospective analysis of the results of otoplasty procedures conducted between February 2010 and June 2012 using combined Stenstroem, Mustardé, and Furnas techniques was performed. Epidemiological data and incidence of complications were analyzed, and improvement of quality of life was assessed using the Glasgow benefit inventory questionnaire. Results: Forty patients were included in the study, corresponding to a sample of 77 ears subjected to surgery. The patients' mean age was 24.4 years. Of the patients, 80% were women. Seven complications (9%) were observed in 7 patients who underwent surgery. The Glasgow benefit inventory questionnaire was answered by 26 patients. The mean score for overall benefit was 62.45 points (range, 30.5-97.2 points). Conclusions: The use of the combined techniques in otoplasty showed low incidence of complications and yielded results similar to those described in the literature. Moreover, this study demonstrated that this procedure has the potential to improve the quality of life of patients with prominent ears.

Introdução: Orelhas proeminentes são relativamente frequentes, sendo a alteração congênita mais comum da orelha. Inúmeros procedimentos de otoplastia são descritos na literatura, dentre eles alguns que preconizam a utilização de técnicas combinadas. A orelha de abano, além de proporcionar considerável prejuízo estético para a harmonia facial, está relacionada a problemas psicológicos e de comportamento. Assim, torna-se importante a mensuração da melhora da qualidade de vida proporcionada por esse procedimento cirúrgico. Este estudo teve por objetivo analisar os resultados das otoplastias utilizando técnica combinada e avaliar a melhora na qualidade de vida advinda após esse procedimento. Método: Análise retrospectiva dos resultados das otoplastias realizadas no período de fevereiro de 2010 a junho de 2012, com técnica combinada de Stenstroem, Mustardé e Furnas. Foram analisados dados epidemiológicos e incidência de complicações, bem como foi avaliada a melhora da qualidade de vida pelo questionário Glasgow Benefit Inventory. Resultados: Quarenta pacientes foram incluídos no estudo, correspondendo a uma amostra de 77 orelhas operadas. A média de idade dos pacientes foi de 24,4 anos, sendo 80% do sexo feminino. Ocorreram 7 complicações na amostra (9%) em 7 pacientes operados. O questionário Glasgow Benefit Inventory foi respondido por 26 pacientes. A pontuação de benefício geral revelou uma média de 62,45 pontos (30,5 pontos a 97,2 pontos). Conclusões: A utilização de técnicas combinadas na correção da orelha de abano revelou baixa incidência de complicações, com resultados comparáveis aos da literatura. Este estudo demonstrou ainda que a realização desse procedimento apresenta a possibilidade de modificar positivamente a qualidade devida dos pacientes operados.

Descrição do ponto de Sundfeld-Reis para correção do eixo auricular e polo superior da orelha em otoplastia: nota prévia / Sundfeld-Reis suture for the correction of auricular axis and ear upper pole using otoplasty: preliminary note

Prominent ears are among the most frequent anomalies that affect the head and neck regions and present with conchal disproportionality and/or the lack of an antihelix curvature. A wide spectrum of techniques for the correction of these deformities has been published; the most commonly cited are the techniques from Pitanguy, Converse, Stenvers, Stenstroem, Mustardé, Furnas, and Horlock. All of these techniques seek to restore facial harmony with proportional scaling of the pinna, a suitable cephaloauricular angle, and natural curvature of the antihelix. After reviewing the literature, the present study aims to describe a new technique for correcting the auricular axis and ear upper pole with a suture in the portion of the helical crus known as the Sundfeld-Reis technique. According to Adamson et al., this technique provides better positioning of the ear's upper pole in relation to the temporal pole without the need for suturing the triangular fossa region in the periosteum of the temporal bone. Therefore, using the Sundfeld-Reis technique, the pinna is placed parallel to the nasal dorsum, providing a natural result after otoplasty. The proposed technique is the latest possibility in the world of otoplasty that attains more natural results with fewer surgical interventions.

Dentre as diferentes anomalias que acometem as regiões de cabeça e pescôço, as orelhas em abano se encontram entre as mais frequentes, apresentando desproporcionalidade conchal e/ou falta de curvatura da antélice. Existe na literatura um grande espectro de técnicas para a correção dessas deformidades, citando-se como as mais consagradas as técnicas de Pitanguy, Converse, Stenvers, Stenstroem, Mustardé, Furnas e Horlock. Todas essas técnicas buscam restaurar a harmonia da face com proporcional dimensionamento do pavilhão auricular, ângulo aurículo-cefálico adequado e curvatura de antélice natural. Após revisão da literatura, o presente estudo pretende descrever uma nova técnica para correção do eixo auricular e o polo superior da orelha com uma sutura na porção do ramo da hélice, descrita como técnica de Sundfeld-Reis. Tal técnica proporciona melhor posicionamento do polo superior da orelha em relação ao temporal, sem a necessidade da sutura realizada na região da fossa triangular no periósteo do osso temporal, como orientado por Adamson et al. Outrossim, com o ponto de Sundfeld-Reis há posicionamento do pavilhão auricular paralelo ao dorso nasal, proporcionando um resultado natural da otoplastia. A proposta técnica se fulgura como mais uma possibilidade arregimentada no universo da otoplastia, vislumbrando resultados mais naturais, com menores intervenções cirúrgicas.

Rejuvenescimento de lóbulo de orelha: descrição da técnica e indicações / Ear lobe rejuvenation: technical description and indications

O lóbulo de orelha ocupa posição única entre as estruturas da face e é uma região importantíssima na composição estética da orelha. A idade altera o formato, a largura e o comprimento do lóbulo, em decorrência da flacidez dos tecidos e, assim, fica em desarmonia de proporção com outros elementos estéticos da orelha, exigindo correção. Muito pouco tem sido descrito para orientar o cirurgião no rejuvenescimento da orelha. A correção do lóbulo envelhecido pode ser feita isoladamente ou em combinação com uma cirurgia de rejuvenescimento facial, bem como em ritidoplastias secundárias por lóbulo inadequadamente preso à face. A cirurgia é bastante simples, de recuperação rápida, com resultados interessantes. O objetivo básico do trabalho consiste na descrição da técnica de rejuvenescimento do lóbulo da orelha e suas indicações. O posicionamento estratégico da cicatriz final em continuidade com uma depressão anatômica da orelha, que é a escafa, e ocultada pelo antitrágus garante resultado final adequado, com cicatrizes pouco aparentes. A técnica descrita representa uma opção tática para reformular e rejuvenescer a orelha.

The earlobe occupies a unique position among the structures of the face and is a very important region in aesthetic composition of the ear. The age alters the shape, width and length of the lobe due to sagging tissue and thus is at odds ratio with other aesthetic elements of the ear, requiring correction. Very little has been described to guide the surgeon in rejuvenating the ear. The correction aged lobe can be made alone or in combination with surgery of facial rejuvenation, as well as by secondary lobe rhytidoplasties inadequately secured to the face. The surgery is fairly simple, rapid recovery, with interesting results. The basic aim of the work is the description of the technique and its indications. The strategic positioning of the final scar in continuity with a depression anatomical ear that is escafa, and hidden by antitragus ensures a proper outcome, with little apparent scars. The technique described is a tactical option to reshape and rejuvenate the ear.

Otoplastia estética com emprego de agulha de crochê / Aesthetic otoplasty using a crochet needle

Um consenso atual em otoplastia estética apregoa que somente as técnicas que desmontem a resiliente arquitetura cartilaginosa das orelhas protrusas, aliadas à fixação da nova forma com suturas, podem alcançar resultados bons e estáveis. O alvo cirúrgico de toda otoplastia é a nova dobra da antélice torneada e estética: uma roliça dobra afunilada que dá forma e beleza à orelha externa. Neste artigo é descrita a experiência de 10 anos com o uso de um novo instrumental no estriamento da cartilagem auricular: as tradicionais agulhas de crochê. Além disso, são demonstrados o modo de aparelhar o novo dispositivo, para ter uma borda inferior em bisel cortante, e a técnica de manejo desse dispositivo por pequenas botoeiras sob a hélice auricular. Após a moldagem do complexo antelical, é assegurada a nova forma com suturas, absorvível e não-absorvível. Com essa técnica, é observado baixo índice de complicações, em decorrência de estreitos túneis de descolamento cutâneo da face anterior do pavilhão auricular. No artigo, é também apresentado um caso clínico bem-sucedido com o uso do novo instrumental.

In aesthetic otoplasty, it is widely known that only techniques that disassemble the resilient cartilaginous architecture in cases of protruding ears coupled with anchoring sutures can achieve good and stable results. All surgical otoplasty procedures aim to achieve a new, shapely, and aesthetic antihelix fold that shapes and beautifies the outer ear. In this article, we describe our 10-year experience with the use of a new instrument for auricular cartilage striation - the traditional crochet needle. Moreover, we describe the manner in which the new instrument can be prepared in order to have a lower bevel cutting edge as well as the technical management of this instrument in small buttonholes in the auricular helix. After molding the antihelix complex, the new form is fixed with absorbable and non-absorbable sutures. With this technique, there is a low complication rate due to narrow cutaneous detachment tunnels in the anterior surface of the ear. In the article, we also describe the successful clinical use of the new instrument.

Medida do grau de correção das orelhas proeminentes utilizando algoritmo de tratamento padronizado / Assessment of the degree of correction of prominent ears using a standardized treatment algorithm

The goal of aesthetic otoplasty is the correction of ear deformities by creating harmonious and symmetrical external ears, without visible scars. Otoplasty techniques based on the excision of postauricular skin are associated with high recurrence rates. Modern otoplasty is based on cartilage-cutting and cartilage-sparing techniques, alone or in combination, which lead to lower recurrence rates. Objective: We evaluated the efficacy of otoplasty combined with other techniques in the correction of ear deformities, based on a modified version of the "algorithm for otoplasty at the Craniofacial Center at Texas Children's Hospital". Methods: Forty patients, who underwent otoplasty for prominent ears in our institution between March and September of 2009, were prospectively assessed. The mastoid-helix distance was measured preoperatively (baseline) and at 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively. Results: The most common deformities were scaphoconchal angle greater than 90° (51.3%, 41/80 ears) and conchal hypertrophy > 2.5 cm (46.3%, 37/80 ears). Recurrence occurred in 2 (5%) patients and partial stenosis of the ear canal in 1 (2.5%). Significant reductions in the mastoid-helix distance were observed at the three time points compared with baseline (P

O objetivo da otoplastia estética é a correção de deformidades da orelha, criando orelhas externas harmoniosas e simétricas. As técnicas de otoplastia, baseadas na excisão da pele pós-auricular, estão associados com a recorrência elevada. A otoplastia moderna é baseada nas técnicas de ressecção e/ou modelagem da cartilagem, que levam que menores taxas de recorrência. Objetivo: Foi avaliada a eficácia da otoplastia com técnica combinada na correção de deformidades da orelha, baseado numa versão modificada do "algoritmo para otoplastia", na Centro Craniofacial do Hospital Infantil do Texas". Método: Quarenta pacientes submetidos à otoplastia por orelhas proeminentes, entre março e setembro de 2009, foram avaliados prospectivamente. A distância mastoide-hélice foi medida no pré-operatório e após 1, 3 e 6 meses após a cirurgia. Resultados: As deformidades mais comuns foram ângulo escafo_concha I maior que 90° (51,3%, 41/80 orelhas) e hipertrofia de concha> 2,5cm (46,3%, 37/80 orelhas). Reduções significativas na distância mastoide_hélice foram observadas nos três períodos em comparação com os valores basais (P

Comparação entre otoplastia realizada com anestesia local com sedação e sem / Comparison between otoplasty performed under local anesthesia with and without sedation

Ear flappy is a congenital deformity most common of external ear, is transmitted by dominant form and occurs in 5% of general population. There are three main ways to do the modern surgery: the shaving, exision and fixation for stitchs of ear gristle. The technique of Mestardé, in 1963, do a new antihelice was supported in permanent sutures for posterior way and the stitchs takes until anterior perichondrium, without takes the skin. Furnas (1968) done suture with unabsorbed thread in conchal gristle, transfixing until anterior perichondrium and sutures in mastoid fascia. The otoplasty can be done with local anesthesia associated or not with sedation or with general anesthesia. The aim of the study is to evaluate the intensity of pain of patients submited to otoplasty with local anesthesia with sedation and without sedation, comparing two techniques. Method: There was separated 2 groups: Group 1: 12 patients operates with local anesthesia and sedation in surgery center; group 2: 26 patients operated with local surgery in clinic of small surgeries. The study was done in one year (2011 to 2012 May). It was done a lot of questions with these patients to evaluate the level of pain during the surgery and post-surgery. Results: There was not significant diference between two groups. Conclusion: It is possible to do this surgery with less hospital cost and the use the rooms in surgery center for more complex surgeries...

Orelha em abano representa a deformidade congênita mais comum da orelha externa, é transmitida de forma autossômica dominante e afeta aproximadamente 5% da população em geral. Existem três vias principais para a realização da otoplastia moderna: a raspagem, excisão e fixação por pontos da cartilagem auricular. A abordagem de Mustardé, em 1963, para a criação de uma novo anti-hélice era baseado em suturas permanentes por acesso posterior e os pontos englobavam até o pericôndrio anterior, sem transfixar a pele. Furnas (1968) realizava sutura com fio inabsorvível posicionado na cartilagem conchal transfixando até pericôndrio anterior e suturado na fáscia mastoide. A otoplastia pode ser realizada com anestesia local associada ou não à sedação ou com anestesia geral. Objetivo: O presente estudo tem como objetivo avaliar a intensidade da dor dos pacientes submetidos à otoplastia sob anestesia local com sedação e sem sedação, comparando as duas técnicas anestésicas. Método: Foram separados dois grupos: Grupo 1 - 12 pacientes operados com anestesia local e sedação no centro cirúrgico; Grupo 2 - 26 pacientes operados com anestesia local e sem sedação no ambulatório de pequenas cirurgias. O estudo foi realizado no período de 1 ano (maio de 2011 a maio de 2012). Foi realizado um questionário com esses pacientes para avaliarmos o nível de dor no intraoperatório e pós-operatório. Resultados: Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os dois grupos. Conclusão: É possível realizarmos essa cirurgia com menor custo hospitalar e utilizarmos as salas do centro cirúrgico com anestesista para cirurgias mais complexas...

Manejo actual de la microtia: redefinición anátomo-quirúrgica / Management of microtia based on a redefinition of its anatomical-surgical classification

Background: Incomplete development and growth of the pinna can lead to a small or deformed pinna, called microtia. Aim: To report and evaluate the effectiveness of a surgical technique previously described for the treatment of microtia, based on a new anatomical-surgical classification. Materials and Methods: Retrospective study of patients treated at two plastic surgery departments from January 2008 to December 2010. We recruited a total of 15 patients aged 9 to 25 years. Thirteen (87 percent) had unilateral and 2 (13 percent) bilateral microtia. All patients underwent the surgical reconstructive technique described by Firmin. Results: Among patients with unilateral microtia, seven belonged to Firmin type I, five to type II and one to type IIIa. Both patients with bilateral microtia, were classified as type IIIb. In all cases with unilateral microtia, a good initial projection of the cartilage frame was achieved during the first surgical procedure. Six patients were subjected to a second operation. During 18 months follow up, four patients (16 percent) had complications. Conclusions: This surgical technique that is based on an anatomical surgical classification, achieves favorable and satisfactory results.

Objetivos: Reportar y evaluar la efectividad de una técnica quirúrgica, previamente descrita para el tratamiento de microtias, basado en un nuevo concepto de clasificación anátomo-quirúrgica. Material y Método: Estudio retrospectivo de pacientes tratados en el Hospital Militar y Clínica Alemana de Santiago en el Servicio de Cirugía Plástica desde enero de 2008 hasta diciembre de 2010. Se reclutaron a un total de 15 pacientes, 13 (87 por ciento) de los cuales eran unilaterales y 2 (13 por ciento) bilaterales. A todos los pacientes se les realizó la reconstrucción mediante técnica quirúrgica de Firmin. Resultados: Se operó a 15 pacientes de rango de edad entre 9 y 25 años, con una mediana de 11 años. De los casos unilaterales; 7 correspondían a tipo I de Firmin, 5 casos a tipo II Firmin y un caso tipo IIIa. De los casos bilaterales, ambos tenían microtia tipo IIIb. Se logró en la totalidad de los casos unilaterales una buena proyección inicial del marco cartilaginoso durante el primer tiempo quirúrgico. Seis casos fueron sometidos a un segundo tiempo quirúrgico. Durante el seguimiento mínimo de 18 meses, se observaron complicaciones en 4 (16 por ciento) pacientes. Conclusiones: Se comprueba que mediante una técnica basada en la clasificación anátomo-quirúrgica, los resultados a corto plazo fueron favorables y satisfactorios.