Vigilância epidemiológica da sífilis: informe epidemiológico SE 01 a 24/2024 / Epidemiological surveillance of syphilis: epidemiological report SE 01 to 24/2024

Informe epidemiológico com dados da sífilis adquirida em gestantes e sífilis congênita no Estado de Goiás

Epidemiological report with data on acquired syphilis in pregnant women and congenital syphilis in the State of Goiás

Situação epidemiológica da sífilis: adquirida, congênita e em gestantes no estado de Goiás, 2018 a 2023 / Epidemiological situation of syphilis: acquired, congenital and in pregnant women in the state of Goiás, 2018 to 2023

A sífilis é uma doença crônica causada pelo agente etiológico Treponema pallidum, curável, exclusiva do ser humano, tem o tratamento garantido pelo Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) e está na lista de agravos e doença de notificação compulsória. Esse boletim demonstra a evolução epidemiológica da sífilis no estado de Goiás de 2018 a 2023 e destaca a importância das ações conjuntas de vigilância e assistência no enfrentamento do agravo e prevenção da sífilis congênita. Trata-se de uma análise descritiva de dados secundários obtidos do Sistema de Informação de Agravos e Notificação (SINAN) e Sistema de Informação de Nascidos Vivos (SINASC)

Syphilis is a chronic disease caused by the etiological agent Treponema pallidum, curable, exclusive to humans, treatment guaranteed by the Unified Health System (SUS) and is on the list of diseases and compulsory notification diseases. This bulletin demonstrates the epidemiological evolution of syphilis in the state of Goiás from 2018 to 2023 and highlights the importance of joint surveillance and assistance actions in combating the problem and preventing congenital syphilis. This is a descriptive analysis of secondary data obtained from the Disease Information and Notification System (SINAN) and the Live Birth Information System (SINASC)

Relatório do Núcleo de Vigilância Epidemiológica do Hospital Estadual de Luziânia de janeiro a dezembro de 2023 / Report from the Epidemiological Surveillance Center of the Luziânia State Hospital from January to December 2023

Relatório mensal epidemiológico das atribuições realizadas pelo Núcleo Hospitalar de Epidemiologia do Hospital Estadual de Luziânia, janeiro a dezembro 2023, que tem como objetivo implementar e gerir a estratégia de vigilância epidemiológica hospitalar, por meio de monitoramentos, assessorias e promoções de capacitações, analisa e avalia a detecção das doenças, agravos e eventos de saúde pública de notificação compulsória

Monthly epidemiological report on the tasks carried out by the Hospital Nucleus of Epidemiology of the Hospital Estadual de Luziânia, January to December 2023, which aims to implement and manage the hospital epidemiological surveillance strategy, through monitoring, consultancy and training promotions, analyzes and evaluates the detection of diseases, conditions and health events public compulsory notification

Informe sífilis SE 01 a 24/2024 - Goiás / Report syphilis SE 01 to 24/2024 - Goiás

A sífilis é uma doença crônica causada pelo agente etiológico Treponema pallidum, curável exclusiva do ser humano, tem o trtamento garantido pelo Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) e está na lista de agravos e doenças de notificação compulsória. Este informe traz os dados da sífilis notificados em Goiás de acordo com o Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN)

Syphilis is a chronic disease caused by the etiological agent Treponema pallidum, curable exclusively in humans, treatment guaranteed by the Unified Health System (SUS) and is on the list of diseases and diseases of compulsory notification. This report provides data on syphilis reported in Goiás according to the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN)

Prevalence of syphilis and associated factors among pregnant women in Brazil: systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Objective: This systematic review accompanied by a meta-analysis aimed to estimate the prevalence of syphilis in pregnant women in Brazil and describe its associated factors. Methods: Following the establishment the search strategies and the registration of the review protocol in PROSPERO, we conducted a search for relevant articles in the Pubmed, LILACS, Science Direct, SciELO and Web of Science databases. Our inclusion criteria were cross-sectional studies published between 2005 and 2023, with no language restrictions. The combined prevalence of syphilis infection was estimated using the random effects model in the R Software with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI) and p < 0.01 as statistically significant. Results: A total of 24 articles were recruited, which together investigated 221,884 women. The combined prevalence of syphilis in pregnant women in Brazil was 1.79% (95% CI: 1.24-2.57%), and the main factors associated with its occurrence were black and brown skin color, low education and factors related to the partner. Conclusion: There was a high prevalence of syphilis in pregnancy in Brazil, mainly associated with socioeconomic factors.

Prevalencia de sífilis gestacional y congénita en una maternidad pública de Montevideo, Uruguay, en los años 2018 y 2019 / Prevalence of gestational and congenital syphilis in a public maternity hospital in Montevideo, Uruguay, in 2018 and 2019

INTRODUCCIÓN: Pese a que la sífilis congénita es prevenible, la transmisión materno infantil es un problema de salud mundial. OBJETIVO: Determinar la prevalencia de sífilis gestacional activa y la prevalencia de sífilis congénita en el período comprendido entre 1 de enero de 2018 y 31 de diciembre de 2019 en la maternidad de referencia del sector público de Uruguay. METODOLOGÍA: Trabajo observacional, descriptivo y transversal. RESULTADOS: Se revisaron 11.949 historias clínicas siendo seleccionadas 107 pacientes en el año 2018 y 142 pacientes en el año 2019 que cumplían criterios de inclusión. La prevalencia calculada de sífilis gestacional fue de 20,8 cada 1.000 mujeres embarazadas (249/11.949), la incidencia de sífilis congénita fue de 1,0 cada 1.000 nacidos vivos (12/11.949). La mortalidad en ambos períodos fue de 0%. CONCLUSIONES: La prevalencia de sífilis gestacional aumentó en el período 2018-2019. Esta tendencia es consonante con el aumento de la prevalencia mundial. La prevalencia obtenida de 20,8 cada 1.000 mujeres embarazadas es alta de forma comparativa con los datos nacionales, a diferencia de la incidencia de sífilis congénita (1,0/1.000) inferior a las nacionales que oscilaban de 1,4 a 2,2 cada 1.000 nacidos vivos en los últimos años.

BACKGROUND: Although congenital syphilis is preventable, mother-to-child transmission is a worldwide health problem. AIM: To determine the prevalence of active gestational syphilis and the prevalence of congenital syphilis in the period between January 1, 2018 and December 31,2019 in the reference maternity unit of the public sector of Uruguay. METHODS: Observational, descriptive and cross-sectional work. RESULTS: 11,949 medical records were analyzed, 107 patients were selected in 2018 and 142 patients in 2019 who met the inclusion criteria. The calculated prevalence of gestational syphilis was 20.8 per 1000 pregnant women (249/11949), the incidence of congenital syphilis was 1.0 per 1,000 live births (12/11949). Mortality was 0% in both periods. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of gestational syphilis increased in the 2018-2019 period. This trend is consistent with the increase in prevalence worldwide. The prevalence obtained 20.8 per 1,000 pregnant women is high compared to national data, unlike the incidence of congenital syphilis (1.0/1,000) lower than the national ones that ranged from 1.4 to 2.2 per 1,000 live births in recent years.

Sífilis ocular, "la gran simuladora" / Ocular syphilis, "the great pretender"

Introducción: La sífilis es una enfermedad de transmisión sexual causada por el Treponema pallidum. Reportes recientes de diferentes regiones del mundo sugieren que la sífilis ocular está reemergiendo en paralelo con el incremento de la incidencia de la infección sistémica a nivel global. Objetivo: Profundizar en el conocimiento sobre la sífilis, especialmente, en la sífilis ocular, que se encuentra en la bibliografía especializada. Métodos: Fundamentalmente se consultaron artículos de los últimos 5 años, en idioma español e inglés, disponibles en textos completos. Las bases de datos consultadas fueron: PubMed, SciELO y Google académico. Conclusiones: La sífilis ocular puede presentarse en cualquier estadío de la enfermedad e imitar diferentes afecciones inflamatorias oculares, por lo que debe tenerse presente en el diagnóstico diferencial de toda uveítis. El tratamiento oportuno de estos pacientes puede minimizar el daño visual, pero su diagnóstico es a menudo un desafío para el oftalmólogo(AU)

Introduction: Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease caused by Treponema pallidum. Recent reports from different regions of the world suggest that ocular syphilis is re-emerging, in parallel with the increasing incidence of systemic infection globally. Objective: To deepen the knowledge on syphilis and especially ocular syphilis found in the specialized literature. Methods: The articles consulted were mainly from the last 5 years, in Spanish and English, available in full text. The databases consulted were PubMed, SciELO and Google academic. Conclusions: Ocular syphilis can present at any stage of the disease and mimic different ocular inflammatory conditions, so it should be taken into account in the differential diagnosis of any uveitis. Prompt treatment of these patients can minimize visual damage but its diagnosis is often a challenge for the ophthalmologist(AU)

Epidemiological profile of gestational syphilis and congenital syphilis in a reference center in Northeast Brazil: risk factors and trend from 2019 to 2021 / Perfil epidemiológico de sífilis gestacional e sífilis congênita em centro de referência no Nordeste do Brasil: fatores de risco e tendência de 2019 a 2021

Introduction: Syphilis is an infectious systemic disease caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum. The Amaury de Medeiros Integrated University Health Center in Recife is a reference maternity hospital for high-risk pregnancies and the management of the most common Sexually Transmitted Infections during prenatal care, including Gestational Syphilis and Congenital Syphilis. Objective: To determine the epidemiological profile of the population exposed to these conditions, the rate of Gestational Syphilis detection, the incidence of Congenital Syphilis, and the associated unfavorable outcomes in Amaury de Medeiros Integrated University Health Center between January 2019 and December 2021. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included pregnant women and neonates diagnosed with syphilis at Amaury de Medeiros Integrated University Health Center. Data were collected from the Notification/Investigation Forms for Gestational Syphilis and Congenital Syphilis, between January 2019 and December 2021. Results: At Amaury de Medeiros Integrated University Health Center, 463 cases of Gestational Syphilis and 296 of Congenital Syphilis were reported. During the three-year study, 4444, 4360, and 4265 live births were recorded, confirming the Gestational Syphilis detection rates ­ 33.30, 36.92, and 36.10 per 1000 live births, with the incidence of Congenital Syphilis being 26.1, 21.33, and 20.39 per 1000 live births. Pregnant women in their third trimester who were brown, had incomplete primary education, and lived in an urban area were the main sociodemographic variables. In total, 217 (73.3%) patients were diagnosed with Gestational Syphilis during or after delivery, indicating a low prenatal coverage (70.6%). In terms of the progression of Congenital Syphilis, unfavorable outcomes was found in 40 (13.5%) patients, including 16 (40%) abortions, 10 (25%) stillbirths, nine (22.5%) deaths from Congenital Syphilis, and 5 (12.5%) deaths from other causes. Conclusion: Gestational Syphilis detection rates and Congenital Syphilis incidence remain alarming, with abortions and stillbirths being the most common unfavorable outcomes. To change the dramatic situation of Congenital Syphilis in Brazil, the associated factors point to a poor quality of prenatal care and an urgent need to change public policies for pregnant women and newborns, in conjunction with socioeconomic assistance

Revaluation of the COVID-19 pandemic impact on the epidemiology of syphilis in Brazil

Introduction: Due to the coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19) pandemic, health systems worldwide have suffered interferences, with the interruption of sexual health clinics, limitation of ambulatory consults, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of several diseases, especially syphilis, altering their epidemiology.Objective: To investigate the impact of the pandemic on syphilis diagnosis in Brazil, the main goal of this study was to update and reevaluate data from the Brazilian Unified Health System on the number of syphilis cases reported in all five Brazilian geographic regions and verify the response of the Brazilian health care to the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: The data were retrieved from the National Disease Notification System and the Department of Chronic Conditions Diseases and Sexually Transmitted Infections and represent syphilis diagnosis in Brazil, from March to December 2017 to 2019, 2020, and 2021. Results: The increase in the number of syphilis cases was minor compared to 2020, keeping the Southeast region as the most impacted (+146.1%) and an increase of 22,633 cases throughout Brazil (+54.3%). Conclusion:Syphilis disease control measures were ineffective in 2021 as the drop in the number of cases was irrelevant compared to the years before the pandemic. The association between the increase in syphilis cases in Brazil and the COVID-19 pandemic should be further investigated to assist in decision-making processes and in the programming of health actions in addition to finding measures to raise the control of this disease.

Introdução: Em consequência da pandemia de COVID-19, os sistemas de saúde em todo o mundo sofreram interferências, com interrupção de clínicas de saúde sexual, limitação de consultas ambulatoriais, de prevenção, diagnóstico e tratamento de diversas doenças, principalmente a sífilis, alterando sua epidemiologia. Objetivo: Para investigar o impacto da pandemia no diagnóstico da sífilis no Brasil, o objetivo principal do presente estudo foi atualizar e reavaliar os dados do Sistema Único de Saúde sobre o número de casos de sífilis notificados nas cinco regiões geográficas brasileiras e verificar a resposta da atenção básica à saúde brasileira diante da pandemia de COVID-19. Métodos: Os dados foram retirados do Sistema Nacional de Notificação de Agravos e do Departamento de Doenças Crônicas e Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis e representam o diagnóstico de sífilis no Brasil, de março a dezembro de 2017 a 2019, 2020 e 2021. Resultados: O aumento no número de casos de sífilis foi menor em relação a 2020, mantendo-se a Região Sudeste como a mais impactada (+146,1%) e havendo aumento de 22.633 casos em todo o Brasil (+54,3%). Conclusão: As medidas de controle da sífilis foram ineficazes em 2021, pois a queda no número de casos foi irrelevante em comparação aos anos anteriores à pandemia. A associação entre o aumento dos casos de sífilis no Brasil e a pandemia de COVID-19 deve ser mais bem investigada para auxiliar nos processos de tomada de decisão e na programação das ações de saúde, além de se encontrarem medidas para elevar o controle desta doença.

Vigilância epidemiológica hospitalar de Goiás: 1ª coletânea de boletins dos núcleos hospitalares de epidemiologia / Hospital epidemiological surveillance in Goiás: 1st collection of bulletins from hospital epidemiology centers

Coletânea de 13 boletins publicados no site da Secretaria de Estado da Saúde de Goiás, que se destacaram por descrever o perfil de morbimortalidade da unidade e apresentar temas relevantes para a população do Estado de Goiás. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, realizado com dados do período de janeiro a março de 2023, com informações provenientes das declarações de óbitos e prontuário eletrônico do paciente

Collection of 13 bulletins published on the Goiás State Department of Health website, which stood out for describing the unit's morbidity and mortality profile and presenting relevant themes for the population of the State of Goiás. This is a descriptive study, carried out with data from January to March 2023, with information from death certificates and the patient's electronic medical record

Perfil epidemiológico de sífilis gestacional no hospital público-privado em um município do oeste do Paraná / Epide miological profile of gestational syphilis in a public-private hospital in a municipality in western Paraná

Objetivo: Determinar o perfil epidemiológico da sífilis gestacional em um hospital público-privado localizado no município de Toledo, Paraná, no período de janeiro de 2017 a dezembro de 2019. Métodos: Estudo observacional, retrospectivo, com forma de abordagem quantitativa, descritiva e indireta, a partir de uma pesquisa documental em um hospital público-privado e na 20ª Regional de Saúde do Paraná, localizados no município de Toledo, Paraná, Brasil. Resultados: Foram avaliadas 163 gestantes com sífilis gestacional. A média de idade foi 24,42 anos. Entre as gestantes, 47,24% são mulheres brancas, 39,88% têm ensino médio completo, 66,26% residentes na cidade de Toledo, 98,16% realizaram pré-natal, 65,64% foram diagnosticadas no primeiro trimestre. O tratamento adequado ocorreu em 45,40% das gestantes e em 53,99% o parceiro foi tratado em conjunto. Conclusão: A sífilis gestacional apresentou predomínio em gestantes na faixa etária de 20 a 29 anos, mulheres brancas, com ensino médio completo, residentes em Toledo, Paraná. Retratou-se boa cobertura de pré-natal, assim como apontou-se o tratamento do parceiro sexual como o maior obstáculo para a gestante ser tratada adequadamente e indicou-se que a sífilis em gestantes pode ser considerada uma causa importante da ocorrência de desfechos perinatais desfavoráveis.

Objective: To determine the epidemiological profile of gestational syphilis in a public- private hospital, located in the city of Toledo, Paraná, from January 2017 to December 2019. Methods: Observational, retrospective study, with a quantitative, descriptive and indirect approach, based on a documentary research in a public-private hospital and in the 20th Regional Health of Paraná, located in the city of Toledo, Paraná, Brazil. Results: 163 pregnant women with gestational syphilis were evaluated. The average age was 24,42 years. 47,24% are white women, 39,88% have completed high school, 66,26% live in the city of Toledo. 98,16% had prenatal care, 65,64% were diagnosed in the 1st trimester. Appropriate treatment occurred in 45,40% of the pregnant women and in 53,99% the partner was treated together. Conclusion: Gestational syphilis was predominant in pregnant women aged 20 to 29 years, white women, with complete high school, living in Toledo, Paraná. It portrayed good prenatal coverage, as well as pointing out the treatment of the sexual partner as the biggest obstacle for the pregnant woman to be treated properly and indicated that syphilis in pregnant women can be considered an important cause of the occurrence of unfavorable perinatal outcomes.

Missed opportunities in preventing mother-to-child transmission of syphilis in the indigenous population in central Brazil / Oportunidades perdidas na prevenção da transmissão vertical da sífilis na população indígena do Brasil central

Abstract Objectives: to estimate the detection rate of syphilis in pregnant women, the occurrence of congenital syphilis, and the rate of mother-to-child transmission of syphilis, in addition to analyzing missed opportunities in the prevention of mother-to-child transmission in the indigenous population. Methods: descriptive study of cases of pregnant indigenous women with syphilis resulting or not in a case of congenital syphilis. The data were obtained from the Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (Information System of Notifable Diseases), the records of the Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis do Distrito Sanitário Especial Indígena (Sexually Transmitted Infections in the Special Indigenous Health District), and the medical records of pregnant indigenous women in 2015. The database and the calculation of syphilis rates in pregnant women, congenital syphilis, and mother-to-child transmission were carried out. Data on prenatal, diagnosis and treatment of syphilis during pregnancy were collected from the medical records. Results: the detection rate of syphilis in pregnant women reached 35.2/1,000 live births (LB), the occurrence of congenital syphilis encompassed 15.7/1.000 LB, and the rate of mother-to-child transmission was 44.8%. Six (24%) pregnant women started prenatal care in the first trimester and seven (28%) attended seven or more consultations. The diagnosis of syphilis was late and only nine (36%) women were properly treated. Conclusions: failures in the diagnosis and the adequate treatment of pregnant women with syphilis compromised the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of the disease.

Resumo Objetivos: estimar a taxa de detecção de sífilis em gestantes, a incidência de sífilis congênita e a taxa de transmissão verticalda sífilis e analisar as oportunidades perdidas na prevenção da transmissão vertical na população indígena. Métodos: estudo descritivo de casos de gestantes indígenas com sífilis que tiveram ou não como desfecho um caso de sífilis congênita. Os dados foram obtidos do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação, dos registros da área de Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis do Distrito Sanitário Especial Indígena e dos prontuários de gestantes indígenas, no ano de 2015. Realizou-se o relacionamento da base de dados e cálculo de taxas de sífilis em gestantes, sífilis congênita e de transmissão vertical. Nos prontuários, coletaram-se dados do pré-natal, diagnóstico e tratamento da sífilis na gestação. Resultados: a taxa de detecção de sífilis em gestantes foi de 35,2/1.000 nascidos vivos (NV), a incidência de sífilis congênita, 15,7/1.000 NV e a taxa de transmissão vertical, 44,8%. Evidenciou-se que seis (24%) gestantes iniciaram o pré-natal no primeiro trimestre e sete (28%) realizaram sete ou mais consultas. O diagnóstico de sífilis foi tardio e apenas nove (36%) realizaram adequadamente o tratamento. Conclusões: falhas no diagnóstico e no tratamento adequado de gestantes com sífilis comprometeram a prevenção da transmissão vertical da doença.

Epidemiological data on HIV-infected patients and the importance of education regarding the infection rate. An analytical cross-sectional study

Abstract BACKGROUND: Sexually transmitted diseases (STIs) are an important public health problem in all countries. Knowledge of their relationship with the various socioeconomic levels is necessary for an understanding of their epidemiology and behavior in society. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the epidemiology of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients and to correlate education with history of sexually transmitted diseases, especially for syphilis. DESIGN AND SETTING: Analytical cross-sectional study carried out in the city of Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil. METHODS: The medical records of HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients who started antiretroviral therapy (ART) between January 2010 and July 2018 were assessed. These patients were attended at the specialized assistance service for HIV/AIDS) of the Department of Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD/AIDS) of the city of Juiz de Fora. In total, 335 patients were selected. RESULTS: In our sample, 73.13% were male; 57.36% were aged between 25 and 45 years and 24.23% were over 45 years of age. Regarding sexual orientation, 61.78% were homosexual. Regarding education, 52.88% had "unskilled education", while 47.12% had "qualified education". Analysis on the relationship between schooling and syphilis, a positive relationship between qualified schooling and syphilis was observed: odds ratio = 3.588; 95% confidence interval: 1.090-11.808. CONCLUSION: Homosexual male patients are most affected by HIV. Furthermore, this disease is not limited only to individuals with low education. Syphilis should be suspected in all individuals.

HIV infection status in male outpatients in sexually transmitted disease clinics in Tianjin, 2016-2020 / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To understand the HIV infection status in male outpatients in sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics in Tianjin from 2016 to 2020. Methods: According to the sentinel surveillance protocol, continuous cross-sectional studies were conducted between April and June during 2016-2020 to collect the information about the awareness of AIDS related knowledge, related sex behaviors, HIV infection, syphilis prevalence and HCV infection of male STD outpatients in Tianjin with a sample seize of 400 in each sentinel clinic. Results: From 2016 to 2020, a total of 4 000 male STD outpatients were surveyed. The HIV positive rate increased from 1.13% (9/800) to 2.25% (18/800) (trend χ2=14.22, P<0.001), the positive rate of syphilis increased from 9.38% (75/800) to 13.00% (104/800) (trend χ2=7.30, P=0.007) in this population during this period. The overall HCV positive rate was 0.45% (18/4 000). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that compared with those who were unmarried, had registered residence in Tianjin, had no temporary sexual behavior in the past 3 months, had no anal sex and had negative syphilis test result, the risk factors of HIV infection in the male STD outpatients included cohabitation (aOR=7.53, 95%CI:2.13-26.62), being from other provinces (aOR=3.64,95%CI:1.58-8.38), having temporary sexual behavior in the past 3 months (aOR=2.24,95%CI:1.03-4.89), having homosexual anal sex (aOR=85.99,95%CI:38.76-190.74) and suffering from syphilis (aOR=6.06,95%CI:3.18-11.56). Conclusion: The detection rates of HIV infection and syphilis in male STD outpatients in Tianjin showed upward trends from 2016 to 2020. Having temporary sexual behavior and anal sex, and suffering from syphilis were the main risk factors of HIV infection in male STD outpatients.

Analysis on psychoactive substances use in men who have sex with men in Tianjin / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To understand the use of psychoactive substances and its related factors in men who have sex with men (MSM) in Tianjin. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in MSM recruited in Tianjin by snowball sampling from September 2017 to December 2020, the information about their social demographic information, use of psychoactive substances and behavioral characteristics were collected, meanwhile the blood samples were taken from them for HIV/syphilis detections. Multivariate logistic regression was used to explore related factors about psychoactive substances use. Results: A total of 9 218 MSM were included in the study, in whom 43.5% (4 013/9 218) had ever used psychoactive substances, including 92.6% (3 718/4 013)who used Rush and 17.2% (692/4 013) who used multi substances. Multivariate analysis showed that, the OR of psychoactive substances use in MSM who were in Han ethnic group was 0.68 (95%CI:0.51-0.91) compared with those who were in minor ethnic group; the OR of psychoactive substances use in MSM who were married or cohabited, divorced or widowed were 0.65 (95%CI: 0.57-0.71), 0.80 (95%CI: 0.65-0.97) respectively compared with those who were unmarried; the OR of psychoactive substances use in MSM who had the first homosexual sex at age of ≥30 years was 0.57 (95%CI: 0.44-0.74) compared with those who had the first homosexual sex at age of <30 years; the OR of psychoactive substances use in local MSM in Tianjin was 1.12 (95%CI: 1.03-1.23) compared with those who were not local residents in Tianjin; the OR of psychoactive substances use in MSM with education level of college or above was 1.29 (95%CI: 1.12-1.49) compared with those with education level of junior middle school or below; the OR of psychoactive substances use in MSM who had anal sex in the past six months was 1.93 (95%CI: 1.34-2.77) compared with those who had no anal sex; the OR of psychoactive substances use in MSM who had >2 homosexual partners in the last week was 1.62 (95%CI: 1.41-1.87) compared with those who had ≤2 homosexual partners; the OR of psychoactive substances use in MSM who had homosexual commercial sex in the past six months was 1.99 (95%CI: 1.62-2.45) compared with those who had no homosexual commercial sex; the OR of psychoactive substances use in MSM who had sexually transmitted diseases in the last year was 2.39 (95%CI: 1.82-3.12) compared with those who had no sexually transmitted diseases and the OR of psychoactive substances use in MSM who received peer education services in the last year was 1.63 (95%CI: 1.50-1.78) compared with those who received no peer education services. Conclusion: The prevalence of psychoactive substances use is high in MSM in Tianjin, and there are many influencing factors. It is necessary to conduct targeted interventions according to the influencing factors.

Tendencias temporales en el uso de métodos de barrera durante las relaciones sexuales en Argentina y eficacia de intervenciones para promover su implementación / Trends in the use of barrier methods during sexual intercourse in Argentina and the effectiveness of interventions to promote their implementation

Durante la última década, presenciamos en Argentina un aumento de la incidencia de infecciones de transmisión sexual(ITS) vinculado con una disminución en el uso de métodos de barrera (MB). De acuerdo a la bibliografía, existen varias categorías de obstáculos para el uso de MB: desigualdades de género, dificultades económicas y/o de accesibilidad, desconfianza respecto de los MB provistos por el Estado respecto de su calidad y/o fecha de vencimiento, o bien, creencias acerca de que la utilización de MB disminuye el placer sexual o que no es necesario su uso cuando la relación de pareja es estable y/o basada en la confianza, el amor y/o la fidelidad. A partir de esta problemática, los autores de este artículo realizamos una búsqueda bibliográfica y revisamos cual es la evidencia que respalda diferentes intervenciones para promover el uso de MB. Encontramos evidencia de moderada calidad que avala la eficacia de intervenciones a nivel comunitario basadas en la teoría sociocognitiva y en el aumento de la oferta y la disponibilidad de preservativos para mejorar el conocimiento sobre el HIV y el uso de estos métodos, sin impacto sobre la incidencia de ITS a nivel poblacional. (AU)

Over the last decade, Argentina has shown an increase in the incidence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) linked to a decrease in the use of barrier methods (BM). According to the literature, there are several categories of obstacles for the use of BM: gender inequalities, economic and/or accessibility difficulties, mistrust regarding the quality and/or expiry date of state-provided BMs, as well as beliefs that the use of BMs reduces sexual pleasure or that their use is not necessary when the couple's relationship is stable and/or based on trust, love and/or fidelity. In light of this issue, the authors of this article conducted a literature search and reviewed the evidence supporting different interventions to promote the use of BM. They found moderate quality evidence that supports the efficacy of community-level interventions based on socio-cognitive theory and on increasing the supply and availability of condoms to improve knowledge about HIV and the use of these methods, with no impact on the incidence of STIs at the population level. (AU)

Fatores associados ao diagnóstico da sífilis adquirida em usuários de um centro de testagem e aconselhamento / Factors associated with the diagnosis of acquired syphilis in users of a testing and counseling center / Factores asociados al diagnóstico de sífilis adquirida en usuarios de un centro de pruebas y asesoramiento

Objetivo: analisar a frequência de sífilis entre os usuários do Centro de Testagem e Aconselhamento de Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, e os fatores associados à infecção. Método: trata-se de um estudo transversal, com componentes descritivos e analíticos, realizado com usuários atendidos no serviço entre 2014 e 2019. Os dados foram coletados de fonte secundária, por amostragem aleatória e sistemática. Resultados: a amostra foi composta por 957 formulários de usuários e a frequência de casos de testes rápidos reagentes para sífilis foi de 11,3%, com distribuição semelhante entre os sexos. O diagnóstico da sífilis se associou de forma significativa às variáveis: situação conjugal, idade, escolaridade, quantidade de parcerias sexuais, orientação sexual e uso de drogas no último ano. Conclusão: programas de aconselhamento e testagem rápida devem ser incentivados para prevenção e diminuição das infecções sexualmente transmissíveis em Montes Claros e em todo país

Objective: to analyze the frequency of syphilis among users of the Testing and Counseling Center in Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, and the factors associated with the infection. Method: this is a cross-sectional study, with descriptive and analytical components, carried out with users seen at the service between 2014 and 2019. Data were collected from a secondary source, by random and systematic sampling. Results: the sample consisted of 957 user forms and the frequency of cases of rapid reactive tests for syphilis was 11.3%, with similar distribution between genders. The diagnosis of syphilis was significantly associated with the variables: marital status, age, education, number of sexual partners, sexual orientation and drug use in the last year. Conclusion:counseling and rapid testing programs should be encouraged to prevent and reduce sexually transmitted infections in Montes Claros and across the country

Objetivo: analizar la frecuencia de sífilis entre los usuarios del Centro de Asesoramiento y Pruebas en Montes Claros, Minas Gerais y los factores asociados a la infección. Método: se trata de un estudio transversal, con componentes descriptivos y analíticos, realizado con usuarios atendidos en el servicio entre 2014 y 2019. Los datos se recolectaron de una fuente secundaria, mediante muestreo aleatorio y sistemático. Resultados: la muestra estuvo conformada por 957 formularios de usuario y la frecuencia de casos de pruebas reactivas rápidas para sífilis fue de 11,3%, con distribución similar entre géneros. El diagnóstico de sífilis se asoció significativamente con las variables: estado civil, edad, educación, número de parejas sexuales, orientación sexual. y consumo de drogas en el último año. Conclusión: se deben fomentar los programas de asesoramiento y pruebas rápidas para prevenir y reducir las infecciones de transmisión sexual en Montes Claros y en todo el país