Asociación entre el precio de los alimentos y la glucemia en adultos estadounidenses con diabetes de tipo 2 / The Association Between Food Prices and the Blood Glucose Level of US Adults With Type 2 Diabetes

OBJETIVOS: Calculamos la asociación entre el precio de diversas categorías de alimentos saludables y menos saludables y la glucemia en adultos estadounidenses con diabetes de tipo 2. MÉTODOS: Vinculamos la información de salud contenida en la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición 1999-2006 y el precio de los alimentos a partir de la base trimestral de datos de precios de los alimentos. Aplicamos una regresión de los valores de glucemia con respecto al precio de los alimentos en el trimestre anterior, con control de la región del mercado y otras covariables. Examinamos asimismo si la asociación entre el precio de los alimentos y la glucemia variaba entre distintos grupos de ingresos. RESULTADOS: Tanto el precio de las frutas y verduras como el precio de los productos lácteos magros se asocian a la glucemia en las personas con diabetes de tipo 2. En concreto, un precio mayor de las frutas y verduras y de los productos lácteos se asocia a valores más altos de glu-cohemoglobina y de glucemia en ayunas tres meses después. La asociación entre el precio de los alimentos y la glucemia es mayor en las personas de ingresos bajos que en las de ingresos elevados, en la dirección esperada. CONCLUSIONES: Un precio mayor de los alimentos saludables se asocia a cifras más elevadas de glucemia en las personas con diabetes de tipo 2. Esta asociación fue especialmente pronunciada en las personas con diabetes de tipo 2 con ingresos bajos.

OBJECTIVES: We estimated the association between the price of healthy and less-healthy food groups and blood sugar among US adults with type 2 diabetes. METHODS: We linked 1999-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey health information to food prices contained in the Quarterly Food-at-Home Price Database. We regressed blood sugar levels on food prices from the previous calendar quarter, controlling for market region and a range of other covariates. We also examined whether the association between food prices and blood sugar varies among different income groups. RESULTS: The prices of produce and low-fat dairy foods were associated with blood sugar levels of people with type 2 diabetes. Specifically, higher prices for produce and low-fat dairy foods were associated with higher levels of glycated hemoglobin and fasting plasma glucose 3 months later. Food prices had a greater association with blood sugar for low-income people than for higherincome people, and in the expected direction. CONCLUSIONS: Higher prices of healthy foods were associated with increased blood sugar among people with type 2 diabetes. The association was especially pronounced among low-income people with type 2 diabetes.

Chondro-epiphyseal separation of the distal humerus in the newborn. A case report and review of the literature

Chondro-epiphyseal separation of the distal humerus is a rare injury, and when it occurs in the newborn, it may be difficult to diagnose and is easily mistaken for a dislocation of the elbow. The unimpressive clinical appearance of such an injury of the elbow in an infant, as well as the absence of ossific nuclei of the distal humerus in the newborn, are responsible for the dilemma in making the diagnosis. Ultrasonography, a readily available, non-invasive technique, can be used to evaluate the non-ossified epiphysis about the elbow of infants to demonstrate dislocations, fractures, and physeal separations. Closed reduction with or without percutaneous Kirschner wire fixation is the treatment of choice for these injuries. In this article, we report on a case of complete epiphyseal separation in a neonate and discuss the problems arising in its diagnosis

Neonatal spinal cord injury.

Neonatal spinal cord injury (SCI) is well described in the literature, though its diagnosis is often delayed or missed in the neonatal period. We present a neonate who was referred with upper gastrointestinal bleed and a diagnosis of spinal cord injury was subsequently made clinically and confirmed radiologically.

Septal deviation in neonates.

Deviated nasal septum (DNS) is believed to occur in neonates following the trauma of birth processes. The present prospective study was undertaken to evaluate the relationship of intrauterine and parturition processes with neonatal septal dislocations. The neonates were subjected to a series of tests to assess presence and extent of deviated septum within the first 48 hours. A statistically significant correlation was demonstrable between the incidences of septal deviations with intra uterine fetal positions and mode of delivery.

Trauma obstétrico del neonato en el Hospital Civil de Guadalajara / Obstetrical trauma of the newborn infant at the Hospital Civil de Guadalajara

En el hospital Civil de Guadalajara en 1985 se analizaron 1,000 recién nacidos vivos de 32 semanas o más de gestación en los cuales se investigó trauma obstétrico (T.O.) 37.4% presentó un solo T. O., 2.8% presentó dos tipos de T.O. Los tipos de T.O. fueron: caput 307, hipoxia 55, huella de forceps 47, cefalohematoma 9, luxación de cadera 6, fractura de clavícula, parálisis braquial 1, parálisis facial 1 y fractura de cráneo 1. Las variables de mayor significancia estadística en su relación con el T. O. fueron: edad materna, paridad, apgar a los 5 minutos, uso de fórceps y líquido amniótico mecolos 5 minutos, uso de fórceps y líquido amniótico meconial (AL)