Evaluation of the RIPASA Score: a new appendicitis scoring system for the diagnosis of acute appendicitis

Introduction: We recently developed a scoring system for diagnosis of acute appendicitis. This study prospectively evaluates the Raja Isteri Pengiran Anak Saleha Appendicitis (RIPASA) score for the diagnosis of acute appendicitis in patients presenting to the Accident & Emergency department or the Surgical wards with right iliac fossa pain. Materials and Methods: From November 2008 to April 2009, consecutive patients presenting to the Accident & Emergency department or the surgical wards with right iliac fossa pain were recruited for the study. The RIPASA score was applied but the decision for radiological investigations or emergency appendicectomy was made based on clinical judgement. Receiver operating curve (ROC), sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of the new scoring system were derived. Ethical approval for the study was obtained from the Medical & Health Review Ethics Committee. Results: Within six months, 144 consecutive patients with a mean age of 29.5 ± 13.3 yrs were recruited to the study. Ninety-eight patients underwent emergency appendicectomy of which 79 were confirmed histologically for acute appendicitis. The observed negative appendicectomy rate was 19.4%. The optimal cut-off threshold score from the ROC was 7.5, with a sensitivity of 97.5%, specificity of 81.8%, PPV of 86.5%, NPV of 96.4% and a diagnostic accuracy of 91.8%. The predicted negative appendicectomy rate was 13.5%, which is a 5.9% reduction from the observed rate of 19.4% (p=0.3). Conclusion: The RIPASA score is a more suitable appendicitis scoring system developed for our local settings with a population that is reflective of our region in South-east Asia and has high sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy.

Routine chest drainage after patent ductus arteriosis ligation is not necessary

Introduction Chest drain insertion after surgical patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) ligation creates significant morbidity in terms of pain, pleural space infection, reduced mobility as well as prolonged hospital stay. We investigated the safety and efficacy of performing drainless thoracotomy closure following PDA ligation in a paediatric population. Materials and Methods Retrospective analysis of data collected from 13 paediatric patients undergoing PDA ligation at RIPAS hospital by a single surgeon over a period of five years (2001 to 2006) was performed. All continuous data were presented as mean ± standard deviation. Results PDA ligation was performed via a left thoracotomy in 13 paediatric patients with a mean age of 2.24 ± 2.03 years (ten females and three males). Mean duration of the procedures was 67 ± 12 minutes. There was minimal blood loss and no transfusions were required. Postoperatively, ten patients required only oral paracetamol for pain relief. Two patients required additional non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). One patient had one dose of pethidine immediately post-operatively. Post-operative chest radiographs confirmed full expansion of the left lung except in one patient who had a small apical pneumothorax. Two other patients developed mild surgical emphysema despite full expansion of the left lung. All three complications resolved spontaneously after a day. Median post-operative stay was two days. There were no cases of left recurrent nerve injury and no mortality. Conclusion Routine chest drainage is not necessary following uncomplicated surgical PDA ligation and patients recovered more quickly and were discharged earlier.