RESUMO
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the protective effect of panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) against apoptosis of the superficial cells of rat renal cortex following femoral fracture in rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Ninety Wistar rats were randomized into 3 groups, namely the fracture group (n=36), fracture with PNS treatment group (n=36), and normal control group (n=18). At 1, 6, 12, 24, 36, and 48 h after femoral fracture, 6 rats from first two groups and 3 from the control group were sacrificed to observe renal pathologies with HE-staining. Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization were used to detect Bcl-2 and Bax expression, and TUNEL staining was employed to detect the distribution of apoptotic cells.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the fracture group, the renal cortex showed telangiectasia and granular degeneration of proximal tubule, which were lessened in the PNS treatment group. Compared with the control group, the fracture group showed significantly increased Bcl-2 and Bcl-2 mRNA expressions in the renal cortex at 1-12 h (P<0.01) and increased Bax protein expression at 12-36 h (P<0.01) with increased Bax mRNA expression at 24-48 h (P<0.01). In PNS treatment group, Bcl-2 protein expression at 1 h and Bcl-2 mRNA expression at 12-48 h were significantly higher (P<0.01), but Bax protein and mRNA expressions at 24-48 h were significantly lower (P<0.01) than those in the fracture group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Femoral fracture obviously affects Bcl-2 and Bax protein and mRNA expressions in the superficial cells of the renal cortex, PNS can suppress the cell apoptosis by down-regulating Bax expression and up-regulating Bcl-2 expression.</p>