Avaliação dos parâmetros hematológicos em ratos Wistar descendentes de mães obesas / Evaluation of hematological parameters in Wistar rats descending from obese mothers

O modelo de obesidade em ratos por meio de uma dieta hiperlipídica têm se consolidado, sendo relevante compreender os componentes da hereditariedade nesta enfermidade. Por meio do hemograma é possível avaliar os elementos sanguíneos e as células responsáveis pela defesa do organismo, incluindo sua morfologia, bem como interpretando-as. Compreender esses fatores em ratos descendentes de mães obesas poderia contribuir na compreensão dos mecanismos imuno-hematológicos envolvidos na obesidade e na hereditariedade. Com isso, o objetivo deste estudo é avaliar os parâmetros hematológicos e leucocitários de ratos alimentados com dieta hiperlipídica descendentes de mães obesas. Foram utilizadas 20 ratas Wistar (peso inicial 200g) alimentadas com dieta padrão (CT) ou com dieta hiperlipídica (HL). Posteriormente, alocou-se 3 fêmeas com 1 macho por 4 dias, certificando o cruzamento. Após 23 dias do nascimento da ninhada, foi feita a separação da prole em 4 grupos com 5 animais cada, e submetidos à dieta HL ou CT. Ficando então os grupos CT, CT+ HL, HL, HL + CT. Após 20 semanas de dieta, os animais foram anestesiados e tiveram peritônio exposto para coleta de sangue, que serviu para a realização e análise do hemograma, por diferenciação celular. Todos os procedimentos foram realizados de acordo com as diretrizes da utilização de animais para fins científicos (Lei 11.794/08), e protocolada no CEUA sob o n° 9062310117. As ratas HL tiveram um ganho de peso significativamente maior a partir da 10ª semana, comparando as ratas CT. Já em relação à prole, após 13 semanas, o grupo HL obteve um ganho de peso maior em relação aos demais grupos: CT: 144,8 ± 12,15 g; CT+HL (ratos descendentes de mães CT alimentados com ração HL): 138,6 ± 5,34 g; HL+CT (ratos descendentes de mães HL alimentados com ração CT): 152,2 ± 5,23 g; HL 161 ± 10,75 g. Nos parâmetros hematológicos da prole, foi observada diferença entre o grupo CT e experimental, os monócitos apresentaram uma redução significativa de 1,6± 0,89, hemoglobina 13,8 ± 1,07, hematócrito 37,9 ± 5,51 nos grupos que receberam dieta CT comparado à CT+HL, VCM apresentou aumento de 50,4 ± 0,55 no grupo CT e 53,5 ± 0,58 na dieta HL. Dentro das condições experimentais deste trabalho e com base nos resultados obtidos, conclui-se que a dieta hiperlipídica é capaz de induzir a obesidade, com capacidade de influenciar a proliferação e a diferenciação hematopoiética, porém a prole alimentada com ração padrão (CT) consegue adaptar a dieta independente do fator hereditário em relação à obesidade.

The obesity model in rats maintained by a hyper-lipidic diet is well known, and thus, there is a need to understand the components of heredity in this disease. Using HEM, it is possible to study the blood elements and cells involved in the defense of the organism, including cell morphology and its interpretation. Understanding these factors in rats descending from obese mothers may contribute to the comprehension of the immunity and hematologic mechanisms involved in both obesity and heredity. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the hematologic and leukocyte parameters of rats fed with a hyper-lipidic diet descending from obese mothers. A total of twenty Wistar female rats (initial weight 200g) fed standard diet (SD) or hyperlipidic diet (HD) were used. Subsequently, 3 females were housed with a male for 4 days in order to get inseminated. Twenty-three days after born, the animals were separated into 4 groups, with 5 animals in each group. The groups were organized as follows: SD, SD+HD, HD, SD+HD. The animals were kept on a diet for 20 weeks. In the end of that period, animals were anesthetized and had their peritoneum exposed for the collection of blood, which was used for performing the erythrogram and leukogram analysis via cellular differentiation. All procedures were performed according the animal welfare guidelines (Law No. 11.794/08) and approved by CEUA (number 9062310117). After 10 weeks, HL mothers presented an increased body weight when compared with SD mothers. In relation to the offspring, after 13 weeks, the HD group presented greater weight gain when compared to the other groups, as follows: SD: 144.8 ± 12.15 g; SD+HD (rats from SD mothers fed with HD feed): 138.6 ± 5.34 g; HD + SD (offspring from HL mothers fed with SD feed): 152.2 ± 5.23 g; HD 161 ± 10.75 g. The offspring hematological parameters presented differences between the SD and the experimental group, where the monocytes presented a significant reduction (1.6 ± 0.89), hemoglobin (13.8 ± 1.07), hematocrit (37.9 ± 5.51) in the groups that received a SD diet compared with the SD + HD; the MCV presented an increase of 50.4 ± 0.55 in the SD group and 53.5 ± 0.58 in the group on HD diet. Conclusion: Based on the results, it can be concluded that a hyper-lipidic diet is capable of inducing obesity and may also influence hematopoietic proliferation and differentiation. However, the offspring fed with standard diet (SD) is able to adapt the diet regardless of the hereditary factor in relation to obesity.

Epidemiology of the viral hepatitis B and C in female prisoners of Metropolitan Regional Prison Complex in the State of Goiás, Central Brazil

INTRODUCTION: Little information regarding hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections among Brazilian female prisoners exists. This study investigated the prevalence and risk factors associated with HBV and HCV infections and identified viral genotypes among female prisoners in Goiás, Central Brazil. METHODS: Women incarcerated in the largest prison in the State of Goiás were invited to participate in the study. All female prisoners were interviewed and tested for the detection of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), antibodies against HBsAg (anti-HBs), against hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc), and antibody against HCV (anti-HCV) by ELISA. HBsAg and anti-HCV positive samples were tested for HBV DNA and HCV RNA and genotyped, respectively. RESULTS: Participants (n=148; 98.6%) completed the study with an overall HBV prevalence of 18.9%. Age >30 years, a low education level, sex with a sexually transmitted diseases carrier, and a male sexual partner serving in the same penitentiary were associated with HBV infections. Only 24% of the women were anti-HBs positive suggesting previous HBV vaccination. Nine female prisoners (6.1%) were anti-HCV positive. Age >40 years, injecting drug use and length of incarceration were statistically associated with anti-HCV antibodies. Five samples were HCV RNA positive and classified as genotypes 1 (subtypes 1a; n=3 and 1b; n=1) and 3 (subtype 3a; n=1). The HBsAg-reactive sample was HBV DNA positive and genotype A. CONCLUSIONS: These findings highlight the necessity of public policies to control hepatitis B and C infections and emphasize the importance of hepatitis B vaccination in prison environments.