Research progress of CRISPR/Cas biosensors based on different signal amplification strategies / 中华预防医学杂志

CRISPR/Cas(the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-CRISPR associated)system exists in most bacteria and all archaea. It is an important strategy for bacteria and archaea to resist foreign nucleic acid invasion and use for self-defense. The CRISPR/Cas system is a simple, fast, and specific diagnostic tool, which is widely used in agriculture, industry, animal husbandry, and medicine. This article mainly introduces and discusses recently advantages and limitations of biosensors combining CRISPR/Cas system with fluorescence, visualization and surface enhanced raman related technologies, as well as future research directions.

A retrospective analysis of clinical characteristics and prognostic factors for 152 cases of Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infection / 中华预防医学杂志

To understand the clinical characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infection and the main risk factors affecting clinical prognosis, providing a reference for clinical prevention and control of Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infection. In this study, the clinical data of 152 patients with Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infection admitted to Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital from January 2019 to December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed by reviewing the electronic medical record system, including underlying diseases, clinical characteristics, risk factors, and bacterial resistance. Statistical methods such as Chi-Squared Test and t Test were used to analyze the related risk factors that may affect the clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients with Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bloodstream infection, then the variables with P<0.05 in univariate analysis were included in the multivariate logistic regression model to analyze the independent risk factors of poor prognosis. The results showed among 152 patients with Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infection, 50 patients (32.89%) were infected with MRSA. In comparison, 102 patients (67.11%) were infected with methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA). Except for rifampicin, the resistance rate of MRSA to commonly used antibiotics was all higher than that of MSSA, and the difference was statistically significant (Chi-square values were 8.272, 11.972, 4.998, 4.776, respectively;all P-values are less than 0.05). Strains resistant to vancomycin, linezolid, and quinupristin/dalfopristin were not found. In the MRSA group, indwelling catheter and drainage tube, carbapenems, and β-lactamase inhibitor treatment were significantly higher than the MSSA group. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The incidence of poor prognosis of bloodstream infection in the MRSA group was higher than that in the MSSA group (34.00% vs 13.73%), and the difference was statistically significant (χ2=8.495, P<0.05). No independent risk factors associated with poor prognosis were found in the included patients with MRSA bloodstream infection.Multivariate Logistic regression model analysis showed that solid malignant tumors (OR=13.576, 95%CI: 3.352-54.977, P<0.05), mechanical ventilation (OR=7.468, 95%CI: 1.398-39.884, P<0.05) were the most important independent risk factors for poor prognosis in patients with Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infection. In summary, the poor prognosis rate of MRSA bloodstream infection is higher than that of MSSA. The clinical evaluation of related risk factors should be strengthened, targeted prevention and control interventions should be taken to improve the prognosis of patients with Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infection, and the use of antibiotics should be rational and standardized, to control bacterial infection and drug resistance effectively .

Establishment of a rapid method for detection of influenza A/B virus' antigens / 中华预防医学杂志

This study aims to develop a rapid and convenient test card for simultaneous detection of influenza A and influenza B viruses using quantum dot-based immunochromatographic assay. The test card consists of a test strip and a plastic casing. The test strip is composed of absorbent paper, a buffer pad, nitrocellulose membrane (NC membrane), sample pad, quantum dot-labeled antibody pad, and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) board. The NC membrane is coated with mouse monoclonal antibodies against influenza A and influenza B viruses for the T lines (test lines), and reference proteins A and B for the C line (control line). The quantum dot-labeled antibody pad contains mouse monoclonal antibody-quantum dot conjugates against influenza A and influenza B viruses. The results showed that the detection limit of the test card for both viruses ranged from 1.51 ×102 to 2.71×103 TCID50/ml, indicating its sensitivity for accurate detection of influenza A and influenza B viruses without being affected by various variants. The test card exhibited specific reactions with different subtypes of influenza A and influenza B virus culture fluids and showed no cross-reactivity with adenovirus, novel coronavirus, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, respiratory syncytial virus, Staphylococcus aureus, and other pathogens. Overall, the sensitivity and specificity of the test card for simultaneous detection of influenza A and influenza B viruses meet the requirements for clinical use. It offers the advantages of simplicity, rapidity, and no requirement for special equipment, enabling quick auxiliary diagnosis to prevent disease transmission.

Establishment of a rapid method for detection of influenza A/B virus' antigens / 中华预防医学杂志

This study aims to develop a rapid and convenient test card for simultaneous detection of influenza A and influenza B viruses using quantum dot-based immunochromatographic assay. The test card consists of a test strip and a plastic casing. The test strip is composed of absorbent paper, a buffer pad, nitrocellulose membrane (NC membrane), sample pad, quantum dot-labeled antibody pad, and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) board. The NC membrane is coated with mouse monoclonal antibodies against influenza A and influenza B viruses for the T lines (test lines), and reference proteins A and B for the C line (control line). The quantum dot-labeled antibody pad contains mouse monoclonal antibody-quantum dot conjugates against influenza A and influenza B viruses. The results showed that the detection limit of the test card for both viruses ranged from 1.51 ×102 to 2.71×103 TCID50/ml, indicating its sensitivity for accurate detection of influenza A and influenza B viruses without being affected by various variants. The test card exhibited specific reactions with different subtypes of influenza A and influenza B virus culture fluids and showed no cross-reactivity with adenovirus, novel coronavirus, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, respiratory syncytial virus, Staphylococcus aureus, and other pathogens. Overall, the sensitivity and specificity of the test card for simultaneous detection of influenza A and influenza B viruses meet the requirements for clinical use. It offers the advantages of simplicity, rapidity, and no requirement for special equipment, enabling quick auxiliary diagnosis to prevent disease transmission.

Modulating gut miocrobiota: A new strategy in the treatment of gout / 中国临床药理学与治疗学

Gout is a persistent increase in blood uric acid caused by purine and uric acid metabolism disorders, resulting in monosodium urate crystal deposition induced by recurrent inflammatory diseases, mainly manifested as elevated uric acid and inflammatory attacks. Studies have shown that gout and changes in the gut miocrobiota are mutually causal, and the gut miocrobiota can not only affect purine and uric acid metabolism but also regulate inflammatory response. Therefore, regulating the gut miocrobiota is expected to become a new strategy for the treatment of gout. This article starts from the regulation of purine and uric acid metabolism and inflammatory response by gut miocrobiota, so as to clarify the specific application of gut miocrobiota regulation as a new strategy for gout treatment.

Protective effect and related mechanism of tea saponin on Shigella infection / 中华检验医学杂志

Objective:To explore the protective effects and related mechanism of tea saponin (TS) on intestinal inflammation due to Shigella infection. Methods:In vitro, the antibacterial activity of TS was detected by standard broth microdilution method. The absorbance at 600 nm of the bacterial liquid was detected by Microplate Reader under different concentrations of TS, and the growth curve was drawn. Bacterial count was obtained by plate colony counting. In vivo, 15 mice were divided into 3 groups ( n=5 each): control group, Sf301 group and TS group. Sterile water or TS was applied to mice in the Sf301 group and the TS group per gavage once a day for 8 days, and the mouse model of Shigella infection was established on day 3. The disease activity index (DAI) was used to evaluate the general condition of mice. The mice were sacrificed on day 8. Colon length was measured and colon tissues were stained with HE to analyze the pathological changes. The cecal contents and feces of mice were taken for plate counting and Shigella load was obtained. Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to detect the mRNA expression levels of inflammatory factors. Results:(1) In vitro, the MIC of TS was 1 024 μg/ml. The plate counting and A600 of TS decreased in proportion to increasing concentrations (256, 512, 1 024 μg/ml) in comparison with the control group (all P<0.05). (2) In vivo, colon length was (7.70±0.24) cm in the control group and (7.35±0.41) cm in the TS group, which was significantly longer than that of the Sf301 group ([6.13±0.05] cm, P<0.05). Histopathological examination evidenced colonic epithelial cells shedding, decreased goblet cells, and inflammatory cell infiltration in the colon tissue of the Sf301 group. In the TS group, the colonic mucosa was intact without significant inflammatory cell infiltration. Bacterial load in cecal contents was significantly lower in the TS group than in the Sf301 group ( P<0.05). The level of tumor necrosis factor-α was significantly lower, and the level of interleukin-10 was significantly higher in the TS group than in the Sf301 group (all P<0.05). Conclusion:TS can effectively inhibit Shigella and alleviate Shigella infective enteritis by reducing Shigella load and inhibiting inflammation.

Neutrophil extracellular traps and its role in gouty diseases / 中国临床药理学与治疗学

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are an important part of the innate immunity. They are mainly involved in the occurrence of gout disease through NADPH oxidase 2-dependent pathways and it is related to the spontaneous remission of gouty arthritis and the formation of tophi. These pathological features can be analyzed by methods such as electron microscopy and immunohistochemical staining. In order to further explore the molecular mechanism of NETs and discover potential drug targets for gouty arthritis, this article summarizes its role in gouty diseases and related detection techniques.

Safety and efficacy of caffeine use started at different time in preterm infants: a multicenter study in Jiangsu Province, China / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study the efficacy and safety of caffeine used in the early (≤72 hours after birth) and late (>72 hours after birth) stage in preterm infants with a gestational age of ≤31 weeks.@*METHODS@#A retrospective analysis was performed for 640 preterm infants (with a gestational age of ≤31 weeks) who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of eight hospitals in Jiangsu Province, China. Of the 640 preterm infants, 510 were given caffeine in the early stage (≤72 hours after birth; early use group) and 130 were given caffeine in the late stage (>72 hours after birth; late use group). The clinical data were compared between the two groups.@*RESULTS@#There were no significant differences in birth weight, Apgar score, sex, gestational age, and age on admission between the two groups (P>0.05). Compared with the late use group, the early use group had a significantly younger age at the beginning and withdrawal of caffeine treatment (P0.05). Compared with the late use group, the early use group had significantly lower incidence rate of apnea (P0.05). However, significant differences were found in the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia and the rate of home oxygen therapy, but there was no significant difference in the mortality rate between the two groups (P>0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Early use of caffeine can shorten the duration of caffeine treatment, oxygen supply time, and length of hospital stay, with little adverse effect, in preterm infants with a gestational age of ≤31 weeks.

Drug resistance analysis of Myroides odoratimimus producing MUS-1 carbapenemase / 临床检验杂志

Objective@#To investigate the clinical and microbiological characteristics of Myroides odoratimimus producing MUS-1 carbapenemase. @*Methods@#A strain of gram-negative bacterium isolated from the urine sample of one patient hospitalized in the oncology department of Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University was identified by the Vitek 2 automatic microbial analyzer and 16S RNA sequencing, and its bla MUS-1 gene was detected with PCR. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of antimicrobial drugs were determined by the broth dilution method. @*Results@#One strain of MUS-1 carbapenemase producing Myroides odoratimimus was found. The drug susceptibility test showed that it was resistant to most of antibiotics conventionally used, but sensitive to minocycline and meropenem, the MIC of imipenem was 8 μg/mL, which was judged as intermediate. @*Conclusion@#The bla MUS-1 gene may be the cause leading Myroides odoratimimus to resistant carbapenems drugs.

Differential expression analysis of circRNA in peripheral blood of tuberculosis patients in Xinjiang / 临床检验杂志

Objective@#To find the differential expression profiles of circRNA in whole blood and predict its target genes in blood of patients with tuberculosis in Xinjiang, and explore the relationship between circRNA and the development of tuberculosis. @*Methods@#The circRNAs expression in peripheral blood from 3 pulmonary tuberculosis patients and 3 healthy individuals were tested by using circRNA microarray assay. The whole blood from 43 patients with tuberculosis, 40 healthy individuals and 43 patients with pneumonia were collected to verify the results by real-time quantitative PCR system. The possibility of differentially expressed circRNA target genes were predicted by circRNA target gene prediction database. @*Results@#In the results of microarray assay 835 circRNAs were found to be expressed differentially in whole blood between the tuberculosis patients and healthy controls of Xinjiang area, of which 249 circRNAs were up-regulated and 586 circRNAs were down-regulated in the patients. The expressions of four significantly different circRNA were verified by real time quantitative PCR and the results showed that hsa_circ_0008276, hsa_circ_0003452, hsa_circ_0001846 and hsa_circ_0090508 were down-regulated (P＜0.05), and hsa_circ_0090508 was the more specific than the other three circRNAs. The results of circRNA target genes prediction suggested that has-miR-1294, has-miR-604, has-miR-616, has-miR-663b and has-miR-486-3p may be the potential target genes of hsa_circ_0090508. @*Conclusion@#The differentially expressed circRNA hsa_circ_0090508 was significantly downregulated in the patients with tuberculosis and may affect the regulation mechanism of tuberculosis through target genes.

Effect of Curcumin in Reversing Resistance of Human Colon Carcinoma Against Oxaliplatin Cell Line HCT-116/L-OHP / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To construct oxaliplatin (L-OHP) drug-resistant cell line HCT-116/L-OHP in human colon cancer, in order to observe the reversal effect of curcumin (cur) on its drug resistance, and preliminarily explore the possible drug resistance mechanism. Method:The concentration gradient increasing method was used to gradually increase the L-OHP concentration of HCT-116 in parental colon cancer cells, and the cell line HCT-116/L-OHP resistant to L-OHP was established. The cytotoxicity of L-OHP and curcumin to HCT-116 and HCT-116/L-OHP cells was detected by cell counting kit-8(CCK-8) method to observe whether curative resistance could be reversed. Western blot was used to detect the expressions of drug-resistance-related proteins. Real-time PCR was used to detect changes in related genes. Result:Human colon cancer cell line resistant to L-OHP were successfully established and named as HCT-116/L-OHP, with a drug resistance index of 12.6.Compared with HCT-116 cell lines, the expression levels of resected and repaired cross complementation gene 1 (ERCC1) protein and gene in HCT-116/L-OHP cell lines were significantly increased (PP-1), the expression of ERCC1 decreased (PPConclusion:HCT-116/L-OHP cell lines have a stable drug resistance, and its drug resistance mechanism may be up-regulated with the expression of ERCC1, which leads to the up-regulation of Bcl-2,GST-π,MRP,P-gp,Survivin and other related proteins, and enables tumor cells to acquire drug resistance. Curcumin can reverse the drug resistance of HCT-116/L-OHP, and its mechanism may be to reduce the expression of ERCC1, thereby down-regulating the expressions of Bcl-2,GST-π,MRP,P-gp,Survivin and other drug-resistant related genes and proteins, and increase the sensitivity of tumor to L-OHP, so as to reverse the drug resistance of tumor cells.

Effects ofGly14-Humanin on oxidative stress and neuron apoptosis in rats after focal cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury / 预防医学

Objective To study the effect of [Gly14]-Humanin on oxidative stress and neuron apoptosis after focal cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury in rats. Methods A rat model of acute middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO)and reperfusion was established by suture embolism. Ninety-six healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham-operation group, model group, normal saline group and HNG group. And 5 μL HNG(100 nmol/L)in the rats of the HNG group, normal saline in the rats of the sham-operation group and normal saline group were given to rats 3 days before operation respectively(iv, three times, qd). After cerebral ischemia 3 h and 24 h of reperfusion, neurological deficit score(NDS) were performed for each group, and the activity of sod, levels of GSH and MDA in cerebral tissue were detected. TUNEL staining were used to detect neuronal apoptosis. Results Median(Interquartile range)of NDS was 0(0)in sham-operation group, 1.5(1)in model group, 3(1)in normal saline group and 3(1)in HNG group, respectively, and the NDS of sham-operation group was significantly lower than the other three groups. The NDS of HNG group was significantly lower than the model group and normal saline group(all P<0.05). Compared with sham-operation group, the activity of SOD of model group, normal saline group and HNG group rats[(11.65±1.66),(12.15±1.56)and (19.43±1.47)U/mL]and levels of GSH[(8.84±1.23),(7.51±1.16)and (11.17±1.67)mg/L]were decreased, and levels of MDA[(42.61±1.79), (40.33±1.24)and (35.39±1.29)nmol/mL]were increased(P<0.05). The activity of SOD and levels of GSH of HNG group were significantly higher than model group and normal saline group, but the levels of MDA was significantly lower than model group and normal saline group(all P<0.05). Compared with sham-operation group[(0.13±0.01)%], percentage of neuronal apoptosis of model group, normal saline group and HNG group rats[(0.59 ±0.07)%,(0.51 ±0.08)% and (0.22 ±0.03)%, respectively]were increased(P<0.05), and percentage of neuronal apoptosis of HNG group was significantly lower than model group and normal saline group(all P<0.05). Conclusion By increasing the activity of SOD and levels of GSH,[Gly14]-Humanin can resist focal cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury, and can decrease the neuro apoptosis of ischemic area, thus mitigate the neurologic deficit.

Innovative practice and popularization analysis of problem-based learning in the teaching of clinical molecular biology testing / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective To carry out innovative practice as well as questionnaire survey and conduct promotion analysis of clinical molecular biology testing based on problem-based learning (PBL). Methods 137 Students of medical laboratory technology discipline were chosen as subjects to conduct the innovative practice of PBL method. The teaching results were shared and promoted by video online through WeChat. Micro-questionnaire was conducted in 335 students, and the results of the survey were statistically analyzed. Result The improved PBL teaching based on speech contest can boost students to integrate into classroom teaching actively in which they had a better understanding of the knowledge so that the expected teaching quality of clinical molecular biology testing was achieved effectively. Questionnaire showed that the impact of PBL teaching method on students was not extensive currently, indicating that there was still more space to promoting such teaching methods. Although traditional teaching methods still held a place in students' minds (43.9%, 147 cases), the innovative teaching of PBL, which is novel, interesting and colorful, is more in line with the expectations of medical laboratory students in the new era and has the highest acceptance (49.6%, 166 cases). Conclusion The innovative practice of PBL teaching based on speech contest can achieve the purpose of strengthening students' knowledge acquisition and flexibility in the practical use of knowledge, which is worthy of promoting. Teachers could gradually integrate the new PBL teaching model into the tradi-tional teaching methods in the future, making students study efficiently in a relaxed and active atmosphere

Virulence genes and homology analysis of Klebsiella pneumoniae associated with pyogenic liver abscess / 临床检验杂志

Objective To investigate the distribution of hypervirulent capsular serotypes and virulence genes of Klebsiella pneumoniae associated with pyogenic liver abscess(PLA),and analyze the homology of strains.Methods Twelve strains of liver abscess-related Klebsiella pneumoniae were isolated in Wuxi Second People's Hospital during January 2016 and August 2017.Among them,five were also detected in blood samples.All the strains were performed the viscous thread test,and the hypervirulent capsular serotypes and main virulence genes were detected by PCR.The homology of the strains was analyzed by the multilocus sequence types(MLST) and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis(PFGE).Results The positive rate of the viscous thread test for 12 strains of liver abscess-related Klebsiella pneumoniae was 75％.Three kinds of hypervirulent capsular serotypes,including K1 (6/12,50％),K54(1/12,8.3％) and K57(5/12,41.7％),were detected.The positive rates of virulence genes,such as wcaG,rmpA,ureA,fimH,mrkD,uge,Aer and iroNB,were all 100％,while that of iucB was 83.3％.The cf29a gene was not found,and the magA,allS and kfuBC genes were only detected in K1 serotype strains.MLST found that ST23(4/12,33.3％) and ST25(3/12,25％) were main sequence types,and then were ST412(2/12,16.7％),ST1660(1/12,8.3％),ST1049(1/t2,8.3％) and ST11 (1/12,8.3％).PFGE showed that 12 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae were divided into 8 types,and that only 3 strains of K1 serotype belong to the same clonotype.Conclusion All the isolated liver abscess-related Klebsiella pneumoniae strains are highly virulent.ST23 and ST25 are main sequence types,and ST1049 is first reported.PFGE results show genetic diversity,and Kl-type Klebsiella pneumoniae has a certain epidemic tendency.

Analysis on resistance genes and homology of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae / 临床检验杂志

Objective To understand the prevalence of resistance gene and homology of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) isolated from ICU of emergency.Methods A total of 19 CRKP isolates were obtained from emergency ICU of the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University from July 2015 to August 2016.PCR was performed to screen the genes encoding carbapenemase,extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) and AmpC.Pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) were used for molecular typing of these bacterial strains.Results Among the 19 CRKP,carbapenemase-resistant genes were detectable in 18 CRKP isolates,including 17 isolates of harboring blaKPC gene and 1 strain of harboring blaNDM gene.All the 18 strains carried ESBLs genes which were identified as 8 blaSHV-12,3 blaSHV-11,5 blaSHV-2a,15 blaTEM-1,10 blaCTX-M-65,3 blaCTX-M-15,1 blaCTX-M-14 and 1 blaCTX-M-27.The 13 strains harboring cephalosporin-resistant genes were all identified as blaDHA-1.PFGE results revealed that the 19 CRKP strains were grouped into 4 types (A,B,C and D) and 4 subtypes(A1,2,3 and 4):A1 (n =12),A2(n =1),A3 (n=1),A4(n=1),B(n=2),C(n=1) and D(n=1).MLST showed that ST11 was the predominant sequence type (n=15) among the 19 CRKP strains,and ST48 (n =2),ST37 (n =1) and untyped (n =1) were also identified.The 15 blaKPC-2-producing CRKP ST11 clone shared the A type of PFGE pattern.Conclusion The report on CRKP suggested the dissemination of blaKPC-2-producing ST11 clone was existed in the ICU of emergency department in this hospital.The surveillance for drug-resistance and effective disinfectant quarantine measures should be strengthened.

Progress in the research of integron in bacterial resistance / 中华检验医学杂志

Integron was a novel bacterial resistance gene horizontal transmission element.In recent years, many researchers made a lot of research on the resistance mechanism of pathogen.In this paper, the detection and the novel discovery of the integron gene cassette were summarized , including Enterobacteria, Acinetobacter baumanii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other bacteria , on the basis of the multidrug resistance mechanism mediated by integron.The prospect the research was descixbed and more attention should be paid to the prevention and control of multidrug resistant bacteria.

Antimicrobial resistance and molecular epidemiology of 116 strains of me-thicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureu in Xuzhou area / 中国感染控制杂志

Objective To investigate infection status and antimicrobial resistance mechanism of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcusaureus(MRSA),and provide reference for the rational antimicrobial use in clinic. Methods Staphylococcusaureus (SA)isolated from various specimens in Xuzhou area in 2012-2015 were collected,MR-SA strains were preliminarily screened by cefoxitin disk diffusion method,and confirmed by amplification of mecA gene,antimicrobial resistance of MRSA was determined by Kirby-Bauer method,minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC)was measured by E-test method,genotypes of staphylococcal chromosomal cassette mec(SCCmec)were de-termined by multiplex PCR. Results A total of 116 strains of MRSA were identified among 210 SA strains in 2012-2015,114 of which were positive for mecA gene,the total detection rate of MRSA was 55.24% . Susceptibility rates of MRSA to vancomycin,quinupristin/dalfopristin,and linezolid were all 100% ,resistance rates of MRSA to chloramphenicol and furantoin were both low,which were 15.52% and 1.72% respectively,resistance rates of MR-SA to 10 kinds of antimicrobial agents were all>80% ;resistance rates of MRSA to penicillins,aminoglycosides, macrolides,quinolones,sulfanilamide,rifampicin,tetracycline,and clindamycin were all higher than methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcusaureus(MSSA). MICs of vancomycin to MRSA in 2012-2015 were all 1.0μg/mL,MIC90 were all 1.5μg/mL,one MRSA isolate was with a vancomycin MIC of 2.0μg/mL in 2015. MRSA typing results of 116 MRSA isolates showed that SCCmec II,SCCmec III,and SCCmec IV accounted for 9.48% (n= 11),73.28% (n= 85),and 1.72% (Iva,n= 2;IVb,n= 2)respectively,13.79% (n= 16)of MRSA isolates were nontypeable, SCCmec I and SCCmec V type strains were not found. Conclusion MRSA is seriously multidrug-resistant,the drift has not been discovered in MIC value of vancomycin against MRSA,the major SCCmec genotype of MRSA is SCCmec III,infection control measures should be taken to control MRSA infection.

Anti-inflammatory mechanism of low dose methotrexate and its application in spinal cord injury / 中国药理学通报

Methotrexate (MTX)has dual effects of anti-inflam-matory and immune suppression,and its pharmacological mecha-nism is complex,diverse and synergistic.This paper summari-zes the main anti-inflammatory mechanism of low-dose MTX,in-cluding inhibition of JAK/STAT pathway,inhibition of inflam-matory reaction and immune response,increasing the accumula-tion of adenosine and the function of intracellular metabolites (methotrexate polyglutamate).In addition,low-dose MTX can inhibit oxidation by decreasing the level of lipid peroxidation, suppress the inflammatory response to secondary spinal cord in-jury,reduce spinal cord ischemia reperfusion injury and neuro-pathic pain,thus playing a neuroprotective role by a series of pharmacological mechanism.The anti-inflammatory mechanism of low-dose MTX and its application in spinal cord injury were reviewed,to guide the further research on the anti-inflammatory effect of MTX,and provide a theoretical basis for new drugs for clinical treatment of spinal cord injury.

Comparison and evaluation different methods for detecting metallo-β-lactamase / 国际检验医学杂志

Objective To evaluate the applicationof the double-disk synergy test(DDST) and combined disk test(CDT) in clini cal metal enzyme phenotype deteetion.To evaluate the value of multiplex PCR in detecting the metallo-β-1actamase in clinical.Methods 56 strains of metallo-β-1actamase-positive strains were identified [NDM-1(n=9),VIM(n=32),IMP(n=15)]for appraise the two methods.By optimizing the design of PCR primers,3 pairs of primers were designed and detected (IMP,VIM,NDM-1) in one tube for evaluate the method.Results The DDST was 80.36％(45/56),and 100.00％(56/56) in the CDT.The accuracy of multiplex PCR was 100.00 ％ (56/56),and the size of the amplified fragment was used to distinguish three types of metallo-β-lactamase.Conclusion The CDT is more suitable for clinical application than DDST.Multiplex PCR has the characteristics of simple,rapid and accurate in detection of metallo-β-1actamase.It is suitable for daily use of clinical microbiological laboratory,which will help the clinical timely and effective administration.

Enhancing Radiosensitization Effect of Metformin on Hydrochloride Cervical Cancer Hela Cell Cultured In Vitro / 医药导报

Objective To investigate the enhancing radiosensitization effect of metformin on cervical cancer Hela cell and to explore its mechanism. Methods The radiosensitization effect was observed by Clone forming assay;Hela cell cycle distribution was detected by flow cytometry method;Apoptotic changes was measured by fluorescence microscope and DAPI(4', 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) staining; The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) protein was detected by Western blotting. Results Compared with radio alone,the cell survival rate was reduced either by combination with metformin or by metformin alone(P<0.05).The cell survival rate also depended on drug by various schedules and drug concentration(P<0.05).Metformin alone or combined with radiation could arrest cell cycle in G2/M phase(P<0.01),induce cell apoptosis.The levels of protein of VEGF was decreased by metformin, radiation alone or combination( P<0.05) . Conclusion Metformin has a radiosensitization effect on Hela cell cultured in vitro, which may be related to arresting in G2/M phase, inducing cell apoptosis and down-regulating the level of VEGF protein.