Development and testing of the reliability and validity of a Chinese version of the Long-Term Conditions Questionnaire / 浙江大学学报·医学版

OBJECTIVES@#To develop a Chinese version of the Long-Term Conditions Questionnaire (LTCQ) and to test its reliability and validity in Chinese patients with chronic diseases.@*METHODS@#With the consent of the original authors, a Chinese version of LTCQ was developed according to the cultural adjustment guidelines. A questionnaire survey was conducted on 319 patients with chronic diseases in Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Wuyi County First People's Hospital and Hangzhou Gongchen Bridge Street Health Service Center. The questionnaire was evaluated by item analysis (including frequency analysis, total question correlation method and critical ratio method), reliability analysis (Cronbach's alpha coefficient) and validity analysis [including content validity (expert scoring method) and structural validity (exploratory factor analysis)].@*RESULTS@#The Chinese version of the LTCQ included 20 entries, with a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.926, a retest reliability of 0.829, a split-half reliability of 0.878, an entry content validity index of 1, and a content validity index at the questionnaire level of 1. Four common factors were extracted by exploratory factor analysis, namely physical state and daily life, psychological state, support and coping, and safe environment, with a cumulative variance contribution rate of 67.244%. Discussion: The Chinese version of the LTCQ developed in this study has good reliability and validity and it may be used to assess the long-term conditions of patients with chronic diseases in China.

Development of a Chinese version of the Stress Adaption Scale and the assessment of its reliability and validity among Chinese patients with multimorbidity / 浙江大学学报·医学版

OBJECTIVES@#To develop a Chinese version of the Stress Adaption Scale (SAS) and to assess its reliability and validity among Chinese patients with multimorbidity.@*METHODS@#The Brislin model was used to translate, synthesize, back-translate, and cross culturally adapt the SAS. A total of 323 multimorbidity patients selected by convenience sampling method from four hospitals in Zhejiang province. The critical ratio method, total question correlation method, and graded response model (item characteristic curve and item discrimination) were used for item analysis. Cronbach's alpha coefficient and split-half reliability were used for the reliability analysis. Content validity analysis, structural validity analysis, and criterion association validity analysis were performed by expert scoring method, confirmatory factor analysis, and Pearson correlation coefficient method, respectively.@*RESULTS@#The Chinese version of the SAS contained 2 dimensions of resilience and thriving, with a total of 10 items. In the item analysis, the critical ratio method showed that the critical ratio of all items was greater than 3.0 (P<0.001); the correlation coefficient method showed that the Pearson correlation coefficients for all items exceeded 0.4 (P<0.01). The graded response model showed that items of the revised scale exhibited distinct item characteristic curves and all items had discrimination parameters exceeding 1.0. In the reliability analysis, Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the revised Chinese version of the SAS scale was 0.849, and the split-half reliability was 0.873. In the validity analysis, the item-level content validity index and scale-level content validity index both exceeded 0.80. In the confirmatory factor analysis, the revised two-factor model showed satisfactory fit indices (χ2/df=3.115, RMSEA=0.081, RMR=0.046, GFI=0.937, AGFI=0.898, CFI=0.936, TLI=0.915). In the criterion-related validity analysis, the Chinese version of the SAS score was negatively correlated with the Perceived Stress Scale and the Treatment Burden Questionnaire, with correlation coefficients of －0.592 and －0.482, respectively (both P<0.01).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The Chinese version of the SAS has good reliability and validity, which can be used to evaluate the stress adaption capacity among multimorbidity patients in China, and provides a reference for developing individualized health management measures.

The growing features of rabbit VX2 hepatic carcinoma model prepared with modified inoculation method / 介入放射学杂志

Objective To establish a rabbit VX2 liver tumor model by transplanting tumor tissue mass into the rabbit's liver,to analyze and observe the growing features of the liver tumor.Methods The tumor tissue mass(about 106-108 VX2 liver tumor cells)was inoculated into the left hepatic labe in 20 rabbits to establish rabbit VX-2 hepatic carcinoma model.The observation included the following two respects.(1)The tumor's volume at 7,10,14,17 and 21 days after the procedure was measured by ultrasonography and the growth rate of tumor was calculated.(2)The morphological feature of the tumor was inspected both macroscopically and microscopically.Results The growing pattern of the tumor was compatible with the exponential curve.Seventeen days after transplantation the increase rate of the tumor volume was much higher than that of the tumor diameter. Histopathologjcally,the growing pattern of the tumor took the form of infiltrative way,with its appearance being quite similar to the VX2 squamous cell carcinoma.Conclusion Transplantation of tumor tissue mass is the technique of first choice to establish the VX2 liver carcinoma model in rabbits.This experimental model is a very ideal animal form for both clinical and fundamental studies of liver carcinoma.

The modified inoculation method for the preparation of rabbit VX2 hepatic carcinoma model and DSA imagining observation / 介入放射学杂志

Objective To establish a suitable and stable metastatic rabbit VX2 liver tumor model for the use in experimental study,to discuss the successful rate of different tumor transplanting methods,and to analyze the digital subtract angiography(DSA)imagining features of the transplanted liver tumor.Methods Sixty male New Zealand white rabbits were randomly and equally divided into 3 groups with 20 rabbits in each group.For the rabbits of two groups,receiving injection methods and used as control groups,VX2 carcinoma particle(containing about 5×107 carcinoma cells) was inoculated into the left hepatic lobe through injection via hepatic artery or through direct injection with a syringe needle.For the rabbits in the retrofit group tumor tissue particle(containing about 106-108 carcinoma cells)was directly transplanted into liver through puncturing of the Glisson's capsule.The observation included the following two respects. (1)The tumor's survival rate of the three groups was evaluated.(2)The DSA imaging feature of the transplanted tumor was observed.Results The survival rate of the transplanted tumor in three groups was 7/20,10/20 and 19/20 respectively,with the survival rate of the retrofit group being the highest in 3 groups(P＜0.05).On DSA the transplanted tumors were rich in blood supplying.Conclusion For the establishment of rabbit VX2 liver carcinoma model,the direct transplantation of the tumor tissue particle is obviously superior to the injection method(direct injection or through hepatic arterial injection)in obtaining higher successful rate.This technique provides clinical and fundamental liver cancer studies with a reliable,stable and mature tumor animal model.