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On the basis of the qualitative preparation quality markers of Zhibao Sanbian Wan (ZBSBW), we screened out the quantitative markers and evaluated the content consistency of ZBSBW. A method capable of simultaneously determining 34 compounds in ZBSBW was established based on HPLC-MS/MS, and 16 batches of ZBSBW were simultaneously analyzed by this method. Furthermore, we explored a general strategy for analyzing the component migration in preparation, plasma, brain tissue and cerebrospinal fluid. The methodological investigation was confirmed by linear range, recovery (85.10%-105.07%), precision (RSD: 1.37%-4.58%), stability, and repeatability (3.00%-12.45%), the established method was suitable for the detection and quantification of the compounds in ZBSBW. The contents of compounds in ZBSBW were all lower than 1 mg·g-1, and the contents and daily dose of nystose were the highest, followed by echinacoside, paeoniflorin, osthole and paeonol. The results of systematic clustering showed that the contents were consistent for ordinary preparations of ZBSBW. The principal component analysis showed that the components of berberine, ginsenoside Re, ginsenoside Rg1, pinoresinol diglucoside and tenuifolin had large variation, which contributed significantly to the grouping. The contents of echinacoside, verbascoside, polygalaxanthone Ⅲ, β-ecdysterone, osthole, alisol B 23-acetate, liquiritin and glycyrrhizic acid were stable from batch to batch. The animal experiment results showed that osthole, paeonol and liquiritin in ZBSBW could be absorbed into the blood and enter the brain tissue by passing through the blood-brain barrier. All animal studies were reviewed and approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences (No. 2020B071). The above compounds contributed the quantitative preparation quality markers of ZBSBW. In conclusion, the HPLC-MS/MS method established in this study was sensitive, accurate and rapid, and could be used for simultaneous quantification of 34 compounds and content consistency evaluation of multiple batches of preparations in ZBSBW. The result provided a methodological basis for the screening of quantitative preparation quality markers and material basis research of ZBSBW.
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Objective:To investigate the risk factors of post-stroke depression (PSD) in patients with first acute stroke 6 months after onset.Methods:Three hundred and sixty-seven patients with acute stroke who were treated for the first time in the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University were selected retrospectively. After onset for 6 months, the patients were followed up and divided into PSD group and non-PSD group. The clinical data, blood index, imaging data, degree of nerve damage and the patient's stigma level were compared between the two groups.Results:Totally 182 and 185 cases were included in the PSD and non-PSD groups, respectively. The incidence of PSD at 6 months post-stroke was 49.6% (182/367). The results of univariate analysis showed that diseased region, drinking history, monthly income, standard of culture, serum cortisol, total cholesterol (TC), high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR), Stigma Scale for Chronic Illness-8 Chronic Disease Stigma Scale-8(SSCI-8) scores, National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores and subtype of stroke were risk factors for PSD ( P<0.05). Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that diseased region at frontal lobe ( OR = 3.245, P = 0.011), basal ganglia region ( OR = 2.820, P = 0.007), cerebellar hemisphere ( OR = 4.594, P = 0.010) and serum cortisol ( OR = 1.174, P<0.001), hs-CRP ( OR = 1.057, P<0.001), SSCI-8 scores ( OR = 1.674, P<0.001), NIHSS scores ( OR = 1.283, P<0.001) were independent risk factors for PSD. Conclusions:PSD is a common complication in patients with stroke. Diseased region (at frontal lobe, basal ganglia region, cerebellar hemispheres), hs-CRP, serum cortisol, level of morbidity stigma and degree of neurological impairment are development risk factors for the PSD at 6 months of acute stroke.
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Objective:To study the effects of modified citrus pectin (MCP) on the viability and gene expressions of synovial fibroblasts (SF) as well as SF treated by galectin-3 (Gal-3).Methods:Rabbit SF was isolated and cultured in vitro. Then SF was treated with different concentrations of MCP (0, 250, 500, and 750 mg/L). In addition, SF was further treated with the same different concentrations of MCP after treatment with 10 μg/ml Gal-3 for 24 h. The viability of SF was detected by CCK-8 on the first, third, and fifth day after treatment. The mRNA expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), type I collagen (COL1A2), and Gal-3 in SF was detected by real-time quantitative PCR. The synthesis of type I collagen in SF was investigated by immunofluorescence staining. Results:MCP, especially at a concentration of 500 mg/L can inhibit the proliferation of SF significantly (all P < 0.05) on the first, third, and fifth day after treatment. Compared with the control group, MCP at different concentrations induced different gene expression profiles. In particular, MCP at high concentrations can upregulate the expression of TGF-β1, COL1A2 and Gal-3 in SF. However, MCP shows no significant effect on the synthesis of type I collagen in SF. MCP can down-regulate the expression of TGF-β1, COL1A2, and significantly reduce the synthesis of type I collagen in SF after Gal-3 treatment. Particularly, the effect of MCP at a concentration of 500 mg/L on inhibiting the expression of TGF-β1, COL1A2, and Gal-3 in SF is significant. Conclusions:MCP can inhibit the excessive proliferation of SF and regulate gene expression in SF.
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ObjectiveUltra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS) was used to analyze the chemical constituents in the aerial part and roots of Gentiana straminea from different areas of Qinghai province, and the main chromatographic peaks and differential components of different parts were identified. MethodThe chromatographic separation was performed on a Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 column (2.1 mm×100 mm, 1.8 μm) with 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution (A)-acetonitrile (B) as the mobile phase for gradient elution (0-1 min, 1%-13%B; 1-5 min, 13%-18%B; 5-7 min, 18%-50%B; 7-9.5 min, 50%-60%B; 9.5-11 min, 60%-99%B; 11-14 min; 99%B; 14-15 min, 99%-1%B; 15-16 min, 1%B), the column temperature at 40 ℃, and the flow rate of 0.3 mL·min-1. Electrospray ionization (ESI) and negative ion full scan mode were selected for the mass spectrometric conditions to analyze the samples, and the detection range was m/z 50-1 200. Chemical constituents of the aerial part were qualitatively analyzed with the reference substances, literature information and ChemSpider. Principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were used to analyze the classification trend, correlation and differential chemical components between aerial part and roots of G. straminea. ResultA total of 68 components, including 24 iridoids, 13 flavonoids, 8 triterpenoids, 6 xanthones, 5 fatty acids, 4 saccharides, 3 phenolic glycosides, 2 alkaloids, 2 sterols and 1 lignan, were preliminarily identified from the aerial part of G. straminea. Among them, 42 components were firstly reported in 4 Gentiana species included in the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Eight differential components were screened out, namely sucrose, maltotriose, loganic acid, shanzhiside methyl ester, 6′-O-β-D-glucosylgentiopicroside, swertiamarin, gentiopicrin and isovitexin. ConclusionThe aerial part of G. straminea is rich in chemical constituents and has good medicinal potential. There were significant differences in the chemical components between the aerial part and roots of G. straminea, and the main differential components were iridoids, which could provide a basis for exploring efficacy differences in different parts of G. straminea.
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ObjectiveTo study the in vitro kinetics of Jiaojiang cataplasms and evaluate its pharmacodynamics, so as to provide a feasible basis for the development of this preparation. MethodThe improved Franz diffusion cell was used for the in vitro release in semipermeable membrane and transdermal absorption in in vitro mouse skins. The contents of hydroxy-α-sanshool, 6-gingerol, ginsenoside Rb1 were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), to evaluate the in vitro release and transdermal absorption of Jiaojiang cataplasms. The mobile phase of 6-gingerol and hydroxy-α-sanshool was water-acetonitrile-methanol (2∶1∶1) with the detection wavelength of 280 nm. The mobile phase of ginsenoside Rb1 was acetonitrile-0.1% phosphoric acid aqueous solution (31∶69) with the detection wavelength of 203 nm. A mouse intestinal paralysis model was established, and mice were randomly divided into five groups, namely sham operation group, model group, domperidone group (3.9 mg·kg-1) and high- and low-dose groups of Jiaojiang cataplasms (6.2, 3.1 g·kg-1, measured by crude drug dosage), to observe the effect of this preparation on gastrointestinal propulsion function. ResultAverage release rates of hydroxy-α-sanshool, 6-gingerol and ginsenoside Rb1 at 24 h were 16.41, 4.23, 4.15 μg∙cm-2∙h-1, the average transdermal rates of them at 24 h were 2.31, 0.64, 0.29 μg∙cm-2∙h-1, their skin retention values were 19.56, 3.59, 1.61 μg, respectively. According to the Ritger-Peppas equation, the release of hydroxy-α-sanshool, 6-gingerol, ginsenoside Rb1 was non-Fick diffusion. The high-dose group of Jiaojiang cataplasms could improve intestinal function of model mice after small intestinal friction injury, and promote intestinal peristalsis and small intestinal propulsion rate (P<0.05). ConclusionJiaojiang cataplasms has in vitro release and transdermal properties, the in vitro release conforms to Higuchi equation, and transdermal absorption behavior conforms to zero-order kinetic equation, which can improve the postoperative function of the small intestine and the propulsion function of small intestine. It preliminarily indicates that the preparation has certain clinical development value.
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OBJECTIVE@#To observe the effect of acupoint application of gel plaster on quality of sleep and life in patients with insomnia.@*METHODS@#A total of 63 patients with insomnia were randomized into a gel plaster group (32 cases, 1 case dropped off) and a placebo plaster group (31 cases). Acupoint application of gel plaster was applied at Yintang (GV 29) and Yongquan (KI 1) in the gel plaster group, placebo plaster was applied at the same acupoints in the placebo plaster group. The treatment was given from bedtime to early moming of the next day, 5 days were as one course, with 2-day interval, totally 4 courses were required in the both groups. Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS) and Flinders fatigue scale were used to evaluate the sleep quality and fatigue level of the patients in the both groups before and after treatment and at 2 weeks of follow-up. The variations of insomnia TCM syndrome score and the 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36) score before and after treatment were observed.@*RESULTS@#Compared before treatment, the scores of PSQI, ESS and FFS after treatment and at follow-up were decreased in the both groups (@*CONCLUSION@#Acupoint application of gel plaster can effectively improve the quality of sleep and life in patients with insomnia.
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Humanos , Pontos de Acupuntura , Terapia por Acupuntura , Sono , Distúrbios do Início e da Manutenção do Sono/terapia , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Objective:To screen qualitative preparation quality markers of Yuliantang, in order to provide data support for the selection of indicator components, and establish the direct connection between indicator components and efficacy (Xiehuo Zhitong) for achieving the quantity-effect combination. Method:The stability of preparation process of Yuliantang lyophilized powder was investigated by HPLC fingerprint technology, then, the components in Yuliantang lyophilized powder were identified by UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS. By referring to the relevant literature, the pharmacological activities of these identified compounds were compared with the pharmacological effects corresponding to the efficacy of Yuliantang, and the composition of the qualitative preparation quality markers of Yuliantang lyophilized powder was determined. Result:The similarities between HPLC fingerprint of 10 batches of Yuliantang lyophilized powder and the control fingerprint were >0.9, indicating that the preparation process was stable and feasible. A total of 29 components were identified from Yuliantang, of which 23 alkaloids, 3 phenylpropanoids, 2 sesquiterpenoids and 1 limonoid, and there were 15 ingredients of<italic> </italic>Coptidis Rhizoma, 12 ingredients of<italic> </italic>Euodiae Fructus, and 2 ingredients of<italic> </italic>Aucklandiae Radix. The composition of the qualitative preparation quality markers of Yuliantang was initially determined as magnoflorine or 10-hydroxy-2,3,9-trimethoxyberberine, phellodendrine, menisperine, thalifendine, groenlandicine, dehydroevodiamine, coptisine, jatrorrhizine, columbamine, methylcoptisine, berberine, epiberberine, palmatine, evodiamine, rutaecarpine, neochlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, limonin, costunolide, dehydrocostus lactone. Conclusion:The method for researching and screening the preparation quality markers in Yuliantang lyophilized powder is scientific, reasonable and feasible, it can provide reference for the determination of component indicators in the process research of Yuliantang and qualitative and quantitative indexes in its quality standard.
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Objective:To identify the transdermal constituents of Euodiae Fructus and predict its molecular mechanism in treating diarrhea by transdermal drug delivery. Method:Ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) and integrated pharmacology methods were used. The rapid identification of transdermal constituents of Euodiae Fructus was realized by the means of comparison of reference substances, analysis of UNIFI system and mass spectrometry. On this basis, Integrative Pharmacology-based Research Platform of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCMIP) v2.0, SymMap, DisGeNET databases and literature were used to collected potential targets of transdermal constituents of Euodiae Fructus and targets for diarrhea-related diseases. The disease targets and drug targets were topologically analyzed to obtain the core targets, which were used for the Gene Ontology (GO) function and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis. Finally, Cytoscape 3.6.0 was used to build up a network of transdermal constituents-core targets-key pathways. Result:A total of 19 chemical constituents were speculatively identified from Euodiae Fructus extract, including quinolone alkaloids, limonins, indole alkaloids, organic acids and sterols. A total of 174 core targets of Euodiae Fructus for treating diarrhea were obtained by a topology analysis, signaling pathways of inflammatory response, cell proliferation, nutrient regulation and energy metabolism, signal transduction, bacterial infection were obtained through the analysis of KEGG enrichment. Conclusion:In this study, the transdermal constituents of Euodiae Fructus are identified for the first time, they can participate in the regulation of intestinal inflammation, maintain the integrity of intestinal mucosa, repaire and adjust the metabolism of the body by acting on Rac protein family, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, cytochrome P450 enzymes and aldo-keto reductase, respectively. In general, the molecular mechanism of Euodiae Fructus in the treatment of diarrhea is preliminarily elucidated.
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Objective:To investigate the effect of the production process of Zushima Guanjie Zhitong Gao from solvent method to hot-pressed method on <italic>in vitro</italic> kinetic behavior of this preparation. Method:Solvent and hot-pressed methods were used to prepare three batches of samples above pilot scale, and <italic>in vitro</italic> release and percutaneous penetration of the index components (7,8-dihydroxycoumarin and methyl salicylate) in Zushima Guanjie Zhitong Gao were investigated by modified Franz diffusing cells. Result:The contents of 7,8-dihydroxycoumarin and methyl salicylate in Zushima Guanjie Zhitong Gao prepared by solvent method were 73.72, 494.67 μg/patch, and their contents in hot-pressed method samples were 159.21, 2 638.99 μg/patch, respectively. In the solvent method samples, the average cumulative release amounts of 7,8-dihydroxycoumarin and methyl salicylate in 24 h were 2.04, 12.21 μg, and their average cumulative release amounts in 24 h of hot-pressed method samples were 2.16, 36.24 μg, respectively. In the solvent method samples, the average cumulative permeation amounts of 7,8-dihydroxycoumarin and methyl salicylate in 24 h were 0.38, 2.79 μg, and they were 0.40, 7.49 μg in hot-pressed method samples. The cumulative release and permeation amounts in 24 h of 7,8-dihydroxycoumarin in the hot-pressed method samples were basically the same as those of the solvent method samples, but the cumulative release and permeation amounts in 24 h of methyl salicylate in the hot-pressed method samples were significantly higher than those of the solvent method samples (<italic>P</italic><0.05). Conclusion:The retention of 7,8-dihydroxycoumarin and methyl salicylate by hot-pressed method is better than that of the solvent method. The process change has no significant effect on the <italic>in vitro</italic> kinetics of 7,8-dihydroxycoumarin in Zushima Guanjie Zhitong Gao, however, after the change from the solvent method to the hot-pressed method, the methyl salicylate in this preparation has a higher cumulative release and permeation amounts.
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On the basis of the qualitative preparation quality markers of Yulian Decoction, we screened out the quantitative markers and explored a general strategy for analyzing the component migration in Chinese herbal pieces, preparations, and plasma. A method capable of simultaneously determining 28 chemical components in Yulian Decoction was established based on HPLC-MS/MS. This method was used to determine the migrated components in herbal pieces-lyophilized powder preparations-rat plasma after administration of Yulian Decoction. Liquid chromatography was performed under the following conditions: C_(18)-reversed phase chromatographic column(2.1 mm × 100 mm, 1.8 μm); acetonitrile-water(containing 0.1% formic acid) as the mobile phase for gradient elution; the flow rate of 0.2 mL·min~(-1). Electrospray ionization source was adopted for mass spectrometry detection, in which positive and negative ion modes and multiple reaction monitoring were applied. Confirmed by the methodological investigation in linear range, recovery(95.48%-103.4%), precision(RSD, 0.45%-3.8%), stability, and repeatability(RSD, 5.6%-14%), the established method was suitable for the detection and quantification of the components in Yulian Decoction. The results showed that in the lyophilized powder of Yulian Decoction, berberine was greater than 5% in mass fraction, magnoflorine, epiberberine, coptisine, palmatine, and limonin in the range of 1%-5%, and dehydroevodiamine, evodiamine, rutaecarpine, costunolide, and dehydrocostus lactone in the range of 0.002%-1%. Of the 28 components detected in pieces, 27 were found to migrate to the lyophilized powder, and 11 were detected in rat plasma. Fifteen components were preliminarily determined as quantitative preparation quality markers for Yulian Decoction, including berberine, epiberberine, coptisine, palmatine, evodiamine, rutaecarpine, limonin, costunolide, dehydrocostus lactone, magnoflorine, jatrorrhizine, columbamine, groenlandicine, chlorogenic acid, and neochlorogenic acid. In conclusion, the HPLC-MS/MS general strategy was established for analyzing the migration of multiple components in Chinese herbal pieces, preparations, and plasma, which can provide the basis for the screening of quantitative preparation quality markers and multi-index quality control of Yulian Decoction.
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Animais , Ratos , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Cromatografia Líquida , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas , Espectrometria de Massas por Ionização por Electrospray , Espectrometria de Massas em TandemRESUMO
Objective::To study on the feasibility of a new method for determination of astragaloside Ⅳ in Astragali Radix. Method::By summarizing the literatures about the method for determining the content of astragaloside Ⅳ in Astragali Radix and analyzing the results of the preliminary test, a new method for preparing a test solution of astragaloside was established, named " Reflow alkalization derivatization method" . The content determination test was carried out, and the content data of astragaloside Ⅳ in different batches of Astragali Radix measured by the pharmacopoeia method were compared with that by the Reflow alkalization derivatization method. Result::The new method for the determination of astragaloside Ⅳ conformed to the corresponding regulations. The content of astragaloside Ⅳ in astragali radix determined by the new method was higher than that by the pharmacopoeia method. The standard curve was Y=1.315X+ 6.311 2(r=0.999 7, n=6, linear range is 0.044 6-8.92 μg). The RSDs of intraday precision and daytime precision were 0.5% and 0.6%, respectively. The RSD of the repetitive experiment was 1.2%. The RSD of the 48 h stability test was 2.1%, and the RSD of the recovery test was 2.0%. The contents of astragaloside Ⅳ in 16 batches of Astragali Radix determined by Reflow alkalization derivatization method and pharmacopoeia method were 0.371%, 0.203%, 0.315%, 0.218%, 0.386%, 0.221%, 0.353%, 0.192%, 0.303%, 0.197%, 0.373%, 0.188%, 0.361%, 0.114%, 0.349%, 0.112%; 0.243%, 0.152%, 0.214%, 0.168%, 0.274%, 0.157%, 0.221%, 0.133%, 0.203%, 0.141%, 0.257%, 0.132%, 0.238%, 0.084%, 0.242%, and 0.096%. Conclusion::The Reflow alkalization derivatization method can be used to determine the content of astragaloside Ⅳ in Astragali Radix. This method is simpler to operate than the pharmacopoeia method, and the conversion efficiency of astragalus glycosides derivatives is better and reproducible. This method can provide reference for the formation of a fast, scientific and accurate method for the determination of astragalus Ⅳ.
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Objective:To compare the effects between video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) and conventional surgery in internal fixation of multiple rib fractures.Methods:Patients with multiple rib fractures, who were admitted to Emergency Center of Shenzhen People's Hospital from June 2010 to May 2020, were included. Patients were divided into the VATS group (incision positioning with VATS) and the conventional group (incisionpositioning with CT scan). The primary outcome measures was the risk of complications, and the secondary outcome measures included postoperative pain, incision length, operation time, and mechanical ventilation rate. Continuous and categorical variables were compared using LSD- t test and Chi-square test. Repeated measures analysis of variance was performed to assess the trend of postoperative pain over time. A logistic regression analysis was used to explore the association of VATS with postoperative complications. Results:A total of 221 patients, including 128 patients in the VATS group and 93 patitents in the conventional group, were enrolled. Baseline characteristics were identical between the two groups ( P>0.05). In the VATS group, the length of incision, intraoperative blood loss, operation time, mechanical ventilation rate after operation, ventilation time, thoracic tube indwelling time, ICU and total length of stay, and medical costs were better than those in the conventional group (all P<0.05). Repeated measures analysis of variance showed that pain relief was faster and more profoundly in the VATS group than in the conventional group ( F=3 517.808, P<0.01). Logistic regression analysis indicated that VATS was an independent protective factor for reducing postoperative complications ( OR=0.225, 95% CI:0.121-0.416, P<0.01). Conclusions:During internal fixation of multiple rib fractures, VATS is an effective approach to reduce postoperative pain and complications. Moreover, video-assisted technique is associated with a rapid recovery for patients, resulting in shorter length of hospital stay and less medical costs.
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Objective: In this paper,the effect of microemulsion in Chuanqi ophthalmic microemulsion in situ gel was investigated. Method: The effect of microemulsion was confirmed by the parallel comparison between the Chuanqi microemulsion in situ gel and normal in situ gel,including study of pharmaceutical characterization and tissue distribution. Result: The average particle sizes of Chuanqi microemulsion in situ gel and normal in situ gel were (38.20±0.13) nm and (985±37) nm,respectively.Microemulsion could maintain the properties of nanocarrier in a microemulsion in situ gel composite system.The result of tissue distribution study showed that only ligustilide could be detected.This was related to the nature of these three indicator components(ligustrazine,ligustilide and astragaloside A).The common logarithm of oil and water partition coefficient of ligustilide(lgP) was 2.87,which was consistent with the range of lgP of ideal ophthalmic drugs(lgP=2.0-3.0).The ligustilide from Chuanqi microemulsion in situ gel could be detected in the cornea,vitreous body and retina,and this compound from normal in situ gel could only be detected in the cornea with low content.At the same time,microemulsion could increase the content of ligustilide in corneal tissues. Conclusion: The characteristics of microemulsion nanocarriers can increase the solubility of ligustilide,compared with normal in situ gel,it can be better distributed in the tears outside the corneal,it reaches the cornea with a higher concentration,and forms a corneal concentration gradient,and ligustilide is transported from the anterior ocular region to the posterior ocular region through the transocular barrier.
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Objective To study the safety and effectiveness of infra-hepatic inferior vena cava clamping combined with Pringle' s maneuver during hepatectomy. Methods The databases of PubMed, Cochrane Center, CNKI, VIP, Wan Fang were searched to extract the relevant data for the meta-analysis using the Revmanage 5. 3 software. Results A total of 14 studies with 1595 patients were included in this meta-analysis. The results showed that total bleeding during the combined clamping was significantly lower than that of the Pringle's maneuver alone (MD= -314. 59, 95%CI:-362. 37~ -266. 81, P<0. 05). Bleeding during hepatectomy was significantly lower ( MD= -217. 79, 95% CI: -284. 57 ~ -151. 00, P<0. 05); so was the intraoperative blood transfusion rate ( OR = 0. 48, 95% CI: 0. 36 ~ 0. 62, P<0. 05). The incidence of complications was significantly lower (OR =0. 74, 95% CI: 0. 57 ~0. 95, P<0. 05). However, there were no significant differences in operation time, length of hospital stay, intrao-perative monitoring index and postoperative liver and kidney function recovery ( P >0. 05 ) . Conclusions Infra-hepatic inferior vena cava clamping combined with Pringle' s maneuver in hepatectomy was safe and reliable. Compared with the Pringle' s maneuver alone, the combined technique reduce bleeding and the incidence of complications. This technique is worth promoting in clinical practice.
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Objective To explore the protective effect of aucubin on the photoageing of the skin that induced by ultraviolet (UVB) radiation. Methods Human skin fibroblasts were divided into normal group, model group and high, medium and low dose groups of apocynin by random method. Except the normal group, the other groups of cells were subjected to UVB radiation with a radiation wavelength of 311 nm, irradiation intensity of 9.00 mw/cm2, radiation time of 2.8 s, radiation dose of 25 mJ/cm2. The cells in the high, medium and low doses of aglycone were cultured for 24 h at an equal volume of 400, 200, 100 μg/ml, and then subjected to UVB irradiation, and then cultured for 24 h. The normal group and the model group were cultured for 48 h in a common medium. The apoptosis rate of each group was detected by flow cytometry. The levels of IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-α in each group were detected by ELISA. The expressions of Bax and Bcl-2 mRNA in each group were detected by RT-PCR. Results Compared with the model group, the apoptosis rate (4.84% ± 0.24%, 12.32% ± 0.67% vs. 35.63% ± 2.77%) in the medium and high dose group significantly decreased (P<0.05), the content of IL-1 (21.14 ± 1.94 ng/ml, 16.17 ± 0.74 ng/ml vs. 22.55 ± 1.02 ng/ml), IL-6 (17.46 ± 0.93 ng/ml, 14.51 ± 0.79 ng/ml vs. 18.39 ± 2.05 ng/ml), TNF-α (44.21 ± 1.16 ng/ml, 35.94 ± 3.08 ng/ml vs. 45.67 ± 2.28 ng/ml) significantly increased (P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the expression of Bax mRNA (0.29 ± 0.05, 0.42 ± 0.05, 0.51 ± 0.04 vs. 0.59 ± 0.05) significantly decreased, and the expression of Bcl-2 mRNA (0.52 ± 0.04, 0.44 ± 0.03, 0.35 ± 0.03 vs. 0.26 ± 0.04) significantly increased (P<0.05). Conclusions The aucubin has protective function to the damage of skin fibroblasts which is induced by UVB radiation, indicating the protective function of decreasing Bax mRNA expression, increasing Bcl-2 mRNA expression, reducing the expression of inflammatory factor IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, holding-up the cell apoptosis which is induced by UVB radiation, and inhibiting apoptosis of cell that caused by UVB radiation, playing an role of protective fibroblasts for delay of the photoageing.
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This article aimed to discuss,the dosage problems in the first 100 published classic prescriptions,mainly on the dosage units involved in Treatise on Febrile Diseases. The dosage units were mainly classified into three types: weight unit,volume unit and length unit. The volume unit and length unit are basically not controversial. The weight unit is more problematic. Through textual research,measured data and the calculation by State Administration of Taxation on unearthed cultural relics,the basis for the weights and measures in the Han Dynasty was clarified,namely glutinous rice( Shu). The Zhu-Liang system was adopted for weight measurement,and the weight of glutinous rice( Shu) was used to measure the weight of others, " 1 Liang = 24 Zhu = 240 Lei = 2 400 Shu". Sheng-He system was adopted for volume measurement,and the volume of the glutinous rice( Shu) was used to measure the volume of others, " 1 Sheng = 10 He = 20 Yue = 24 000 Shu". The width of the glutinous rice( Shu) was used to measure the length, " 1 Chi = 10 Cun =100 Fen = 100 Shu". At the same time,the conversion relationship between ancient dosage units in Treatise on Febrile Diseases and modern dosage units was clarified in this paper, " 1 Jin = 250 g,1 Liang = 15. 625 g,1 Zhu = 0. 65 g", " 1 He = 20 m L,1 Sheng =200 m L", " 1 Chi = 23 cm,1 Cun = 2. 3 cm". Through research,it is found that the weight measurement in the Han Dynasty was " glutinous rice system",which was based on " glutinous rice",providing a powerful key to solve the weight disputes in the classic prescriptions. Through the combination of textual research and physical testing,disputes can be eliminated more quickly,and an " expert consensus" can be formed on the weight issues. The definite drug dosage in Treatise on Febrile Diseases can provide convenience for the clinical prescription system,and provide a dose basis for the development of the classic preparations.
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China , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas , Medicina Tradicional ChinesaRESUMO
Objective@#To study the safety and effectiveness of infra-hepatic inferior vena cava clamping combined with Pringle’s maneuver during hepatectomy.@*Methods@#The databases of PubMed, Cochrane Center, CNKI, VIP, Wan Fang were searched to extract the relevant data for the meta-analysis using the Revmanage 5.3 software.@*Results@#A total of 14 studies with 1595 patients were included in this meta-analysis. The results showed that total bleeding during the combined clamping was significantly lower than that of the Pringle’s maneuver alone (MD=-314.59, 95%CI: -362.37~-266.81, P<0.05). Bleeding during hepatectomy was significantly lower (MD=-217.79, 95% CI: -284.57~-151.00, P<0.05); so was the intraoperative blood transfusion rate (OR=0.48, 95% CI: 0.36~0.62, P<0.05). The incidence of complications was significantly lower (OR=0.74, 95% CI: 0.57~0.95, P<0.05). However, there were no significant differences in operation time, length of hospital stay, intraoperative monitoring index and postoperative liver and kidney function recovery (P>0.05).@*Conclusions@#Infra-hepatic inferior vena cava clamping combined with Pringle’s maneuver in hepatectomy was safe and reliable. Compared with the Pringle’s maneuver alone, the combined technique reduce bleeding and the incidence of complications. This technique is worth promoting in clinical practice.
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The purpose of current study is to investigate the metabolic profile of a triptolide derivative (5R)-5-hydroxytriptolide in vitro. (5R)-5-Hydroxytriptolide was incubated with the hepatocytes of human, monkey, dog, rat or mouse, respectively. Compared with inactivated hepatocytes, four metabolites were identified in hepatocytes from all five species: oxidative ring-opening metabolite (M1), glutathione-conjugating metabolite (M2), and monooxidative combined with glutathione-conjugating metabolites (M3-1 and M3-2), respectively. In human or rat liver microsomes, seven metabolites of (5R)-5-hydroxytriptolide were found, dehydrogenated metabolite (M4) and monooxidative metabolites (M5-1–M5-6), respectively. Reference standards for the metabolites were obtained either through chemical semisynthesis or biotransformation through rat primary hepatocytes. The structures of five metabolites were confirmed, which were 12,13-epoxy ring-opening metabolite M1, 12-glutathione-conjugating metabolite M2, (16S)-, (2R)- and (19R)-monohydroxylated metabolites M5-1, M5-4, and M5-5, respectively. In vitro activity assay revealed that only (2R)-hydroxylated metabolite exhibited weak immunosuppressive activity with less than one-tenth the activity of its parent drug, and a significant decrease in toxicity was observed. It is suggested that (5R)-5-hydroxytriptolide might undergo metabolic inactivation and detoxification in vivo.
RESUMO
Classical Representative Famous Prescription is the valuable cultural heritage of Chinese medicine. In November 2018,the State Council issued the " Intensive Implementation of the National Intellectual Property Strategy in 2018 to Accelerate the Construction of IP Strong Country",explicitly proposing to strengthen the intellectual property protection of Classical Representative Famous Prescription.How about the current situation of intellectual property protection of lassical Representative Famous Prescription in China? We selected Liuwei Dihuang Pills,Shengmai Powder and Guizhi Fuling Pills( three representative drugs on market) from Chinese Pharmacopoeia2015 Volume I issued by Chinese Pharmacopoeia Commission to analyze their patent layout,reflecting its status quo of patent protection as follows: first,in recent years,the number of related patent applications for Classical Representative Famous Prescriptions has declined,which was positively correlated with the drug registration and approval policies in recent years,but the policy dividend has not been reflected in the patent application,which may be related to the long period of pharmaceutical R&D; secondly,the patent applicant in the field of Chinese medicine is mainly based on individuals,but the applicant of Classical Representative Famous Prescription is mainly of enterprises,and in addition,the company applicants have the highest authorization rate; thirdly,the main technologies are to improve preparation method and the dosage form in the research and development of Classical Representative Famous Prescription,but these two types of authorized patents have much difficulty in further application on the market. Therefore,the innovative entities shall look for a new breakthrough in secondary development and utilization of Classical Representative Famous Prescriptions.
Assuntos
China , Combinação de Medicamentos , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas , Medicina Tradicional Chinesa , Patentes como AssuntoRESUMO
Objective :To explore influence of argatroban on cerebral blood flow ,levels of CXC chemokine ligand 16 (CX-CL16) and high sensitive C reactive protein (hsCRP) in patients with acute cerebral infarction (ACI).Methods :A total of 100 ACI patients were selected ,randomly and equally divided into routine treatment group and argatroban group (received argatroban based on routine treatment ) ,both groups were treated for 10d.Score of United States national institutes of health stroke score (NIHSS) ,cerebral blood flow and levels of CXCL16 and hsCRP were compared between two groups be-fore and after treatment .Results :Compared with before treatment ,after treatment ,there were significant reductions in NIHSS score ,levels of endothelin (ET)-1 ,CXCL16 and hsCRP ,and significant rise in mean blood flow velocities of mid-dle cerebral artery (MCA) and anterior cerebral artery (ACA) and nitric oxide (NO) level in two groups (P=0.001 all) ;compared with routine treatment group after treatment ,there were significant reductions in NIHSS [ (9.78 ± 3.59) scores vs.(7.02 ± 3.67) scores] ,levels of ET-1 [(75.75 ± 10.67) pg/ml vs.(62.56 ± 9.45) pg/ml] ,CXCL16 [(2.01 ± 0.84) ng/ml vs.(1.67 ± 0.75) ng/ml] and hsCRP [(4.42 ± 1.66) mg/L vs.(3.89 ± 1.37) mg/L] ,and significant rise in mean blood flow velocities of MCA [ (48.87 ± 5.23) cm/s vs.(55.35 ± 6.35) cm/s] and ACA [ (41.25 ± 4.89) cm/s vs. (47.88 ± 5.47) cm/s] and NO level [ (55.77 ± 6.36) μmol/L vs.(65.76 ± 6.86) μmol/L] in argatroban group , P<0.05 or <0.01.There was no significant difference in incidence rate of hemorrhage events between two groups (P=0.315). Conclusion : Argatroban based on routine treatment can more effectively improve cerebral blood flow and vascular endothe-lial function ,reduce levels of CXCL 16 and hsCRP ,and improve clinical therapeutic effect .