Spatio-temporal gait characteristics of the elderly and the risk of adverse health outcomes / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Gait is one of the optimal indicators of functional status in older adults.Gait parameters are associated with adverse health outcomes in older adults. OBJECTIVE:To summarize and compare the practical value of gait parameters,and to review the progress of research on spatio-temporal parameters and the risk of adverse health outcomes in older adults. METHODS:PubMed,Web of Science,and CNKI were searched for relevant literature published from January 2010 to June 2023 using the search terms of"gait speed,walking speed,step length,cadence,step frequency,step time,walking base,aged and elderly"in English and Chinese,respectively.A total of 52 papers were finally included for the systematic review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Currently,researchers have focused on three basic temporal-spatial parameters,namely,step speed,step length and step frequency,to explore their association with adverse health outcomes in older adults.Reduced gait speed in older adults may increase the risk of falls,all-cause mortality,and may be an independent predictor of all-cause mortality.Older adults with slow gait speed are at higher risk of cognitive decline,and may be the preferred gait parameter in assessing cognitive impairment in older adults.Older adults with slow gait speed are more likely to have debilitating or common chronic illnesses,and are at higher risk of hospitalization and public care.Step length is positively correlated with individual height and lower limb length,but age-induced shortening of step length is not related to height or lower limb length,and shortening of step length reflects reduced physical function in older adults,and shortening of step length is a risk factor for falls and cognitive decline in older adults.Stride frequency is often used as a measure of exercise intensity,and a stride frequency of≥100 steps/minute is predictive of all-cause mortality,and slowing of step frequency may lead to a higher risk of falls,hospitalization and all-cause mortality in older adults.Changes in gait parameters are closely related to the level of physical fitness in older adults,and there may be a bidirectional relationship between the two.The results of the study will provide a theoretical basis for further improving risk screening in clinical populations,refining health risk assessment in the elderly,improving health protection and promoting active health in the elderly.

Research progress on the biological activity of pyrrole 1,2-α indole alkaloids / 中国基层医药

Pyrrole [1,2-α] indole is a novel fused heterocyclic skeleton, which is also the basic structural unit and synthetic intermediate of many natural active products and drugs. Pyrrole [1,2-α] indole heterocyclic derivatives have attracted much attention in organic synthesis and medicinal chemistry because of their extensive and marked biological activities. Plant extracts have always been an important source of active compounds. At present, the alkaloids based on the pyrrole [1,2-α] indole heterocyclic structure discovered and isolated from plant extracts include isatisine, isoborreverine, flinderoles, polyavolensin and yuremamine. This paper reviews the research progress on the biological activity of pyrrole [1,2-α] indole heterocyclic derivatives and has found that pyrrole [1,2-α] indole heterocyclic derivatives have a good development prospect in screening active compounds and developing candidate drugs.

Clinicopathological features of cystic neutrophilic granulomatous mastitis / 中华普通外科杂志

Objective:To investigate the etiology, clinical manifestations, clinicopathological features of cystic neutrophil granulomatous mastitis (CNGM).Methods:From Jan 2019 to Dec 2020, 95 CNGM cases diagnosed by biopsy pathology at Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Chongqing Liangping District Hospitol of Traditional Chinese Medicine were reviewed.Results:There were 95 female patients, aged 21 to 50 years, with a median age of 32 years. Laboratory examination showed that 56% (53/95) cases had elevated rheumatoid antibody level, 27 % (26/95) had increased level of serum thyroid antibody, 15% (14/95) had elevated antineutrophil antibody, 35% (33/95) had increased ESR, 38% (36/95) had increased C-reactive protein. The positive rate of Gram-stained bacilli was 82% (78/95). Histology: pyogenic granuloma with lobule of breast as the center, the center of granuloma was cystic vacuole.Immunohistochemistry showed that the inflammatory cells in and around granuloma were mainly CD3 + cells, and CD4 + cells were more than CD8 + cells. Conclusions:The cystic neutrophilie granulo matous mastitis is a rare type of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis. The diagnosis of CNGM is dependent on its specific pathological features.

The pathogenesis of mental stress-induced myocardial ischemia: a review / 中华老年医学杂志

At present, diagnostic standards and treatment guidelines for mental stress-induced myocardial ischemia have not been established.Clinical symptoms are often seen in patients, but clinical evidence of myocardial ischemia is lacking.With increasing research closely related to mental stress-induced ischemia and adverse cardiovascular outcomes, more and more attention has been paid to coronary microcirculation in stenosis or coronary microvasospasm.With mental stress as a starting point, this article analyzes the incidence and characteristics of mental stress-induced myocardial ischemia and reviews its pathological mechanisms from the perspectives of myocardial inflammatory reaction, vasoconstriction, endothelial dysfunction, sympathetic nerve conduction and genetic factors.

Effect of bone trauma therapeutic instrument combined with Guyuling capsule on traumatic fracture / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective@#To investigate the effects of bone trauma therapy instrument combined with Guyuling capsule in the treatment of traumatic fractures and the effects on the levels of serum epidermal growth factor (EGF), transforming growth factor-1 (TGF-β1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).@*Methods@#The clinical data of 168 patients with traumatic fractures admitted to our hospital from January 2015 to December 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. According to different treatment methods, the patients were divided into the bone trauma treatment instrument group (54 cases), the bone Guyuling capsule group (52 cases) and the combined group (62 cases). All patients were treated with open internal fixation and routine anti-infection, detumescence, analgesic and other symptomatic treatment. The bone trauma therapeutic instrument group was given auxiliary treatment with bone trauma therapeutic instrument on the basis of conventional treatment, the bone healing capsule group was added with bone healing capsule treatment on the basis of conventional treatment, and the bone trauma therapeutic instrument and bone healing capsule combined treatment were given in the combined group at the same time. The clinical efficacy was compared and the serum levels of EGF, TGF-β1 and VEGF in the three groups were detected.@*Results@#The detumescence time (8.37 ± 2.84 d vs. 10.76 ± 4.17 d, 11.64 ± 3.98 d, F=12.329) and the healing time (11.73 ± 3.44 week vs. 14.23 ± 4.62 week, 14.76 ± 5.17 week, F=7.835) of the combined group were significantly shorter than those of the bone trauma therapy group and the Guyuling capsule group (P<0.01). After treatment, the serum EGF (0.60 ± 0.27 μg/L vs. 0.75 ± 0.35 μg/L, 0.72 ± 0.37 μg/L, F=3.406), TGF-β1 (9.28 ± 4.19 μg/L vs. 12.36 ± 4.21 μg/L, 12.86 ± 4.69 µg/L, F=11.568), VEGF (92.58 ± 26.01 pg/ml vs. 132.69 ± 28.01 pg/ml, 127.63 ± 29.85 pg/ml, F=36.053) were significantly lower than those in the bone trauma therapy group and the Guyuling capsule group (P<0.01). Three months after operation, the cure rate was 35.2% (19/54) and the total effective rate was 81.5% (44/54) in all three groups. The cure rate and total effective rate in the combined group were better than those in the bone trauma therapy group and the Guyuling capsule group (χ2=6.373, 4.669, P=0.041, 0.031).@*Conclusions@#The treatment of traumatic fractures with bone trauma therapy instrument combined with Guyuling capsule can promote the healing of fractures, reduce the stress response caused by fractures, and improve the clinical efficacy.

Effect of bone trauma therapeutic instrument combined with Guyuling capsule on traumatic fracture / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective To investigate the effects of bone trauma therapy instrument combined with Guyuling capsule in the treatment of traumatic fractures and the effects on the levels of serum epidermal growth factor (EGF), transforming growth factor-1 (TGF-β1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Methods The clinical data of 168 patients with traumatic fractures admitted to our hospital from January 2015 to December 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. According to different treatment methods, the patients were divided into the bone trauma treatment instrument group (54 cases), the bone Guyuling capsule group (52 cases) and the combined group (62 cases). All patients were treated with open internal fixation and routine anti-infection, detumescence, analgesic and other symptomatic treatment. The bone trauma therapeutic instrument group was given auxiliary treatment with bone trauma therapeutic instrument on the basis of conventional treatment, the bone healing capsule group was added with bone healing capsule treatment on the basis of conventional treatment, and the bone trauma therapeutic instrument and bone healing capsule combined treatment were given in the combined group at the same time. The clinical efficacy was compared and the serum levels of EGF, TGF-β1 and VEGF in the three groups were detected. Results The detumescence time (8.37 ±2.84 d vs. 10.76 ±4.17 d, 11.64 ±3.98 d, F=12.329) and the healing time (11.73 ±3.44 week vs. 14.23 ± 4.62 week, 14.76 ± 5.17 week, F=7.835) of the combined group were significantly shorter than those of the bone trauma therapy group and the Guyuling capsule group ( P<0.01). After treatment, the serum EGF (0.60 ± 0.27 μg/L vs. 0.75 ± 0.35 μg/L, 0.72 ± 0.37 μg/L, F=3.406), TGF-β1 (9.28 ± 4.19 μg/L vs. 12.36 ± 4.21 μg/L, 12.86 ± 4.69 μg/L, F=11.568), VEGF (92.58 ± 26.01 pg/ml vs. 132.69 ± 28.01 pg/ml, 127.63 ± 29.85 pg/ml, F=36.053) were significantly lower than those in the bone trauma therapy group and the Guyuling capsule group (P<0.01). Three months after operation, the cure rate was 35.2% (19/54) and the total effective rate was 81.5% (44/54) in all three groups. The cure rate and total effective rate in the combined group were better than those in the bone trauma therapy group and the Guyuling capsule group ( χ 2=6.373, 4.669, P=0.041, 0.031). Conclusions The treatment of traumatic fractures with bone trauma therapy instrument combined with Guyuling capsule can promote the healing of fractures, reduce the stress response caused by fractures, and improve the clinical efficacy.

Simultaneous Determination of Gallic Acid ，Cinnamic Acid and Catechin in 3 Processed Products of Rheum officinale by RP- HPLC / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE： To establish a method for simultaneous determination of gallic acid， cinnamic acid and catechin in 3 processed products of Rheum officinale. METHODS： RP-HPLC method was established. The determination was performed on Thermo ScientificTM Hypersil GOLD Dim column with mobile phase consisted of methanol-0.1％ phosphoric acid solution （gradient elution） at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The detection wavelength was set at 278 nm， and the column temperature was 30 ℃. The sample size was 10 μL. RESULTS： The linear range of gallic acid， cinnamic acid and catechin were 0.126 2-1.262 0 μg（r＝0.999 9）， 0.036 2-0.362 0  μg（r＝0.999 9） and 0.177 9-1.779 4 μg（r＝0.999 8）， respectively. Quantitative limits were 25.4， 28.2， 62.5 ng， and detection limits were 6.2， 3.6， 11.8 ng， respectively. RSDs of precision， stability， repeatability and durability tests were all less than 3％. The recoveries ranged from 94.64％-102.71％（RSD＝2.74％， n＝9）， 95.35％-102.49％（RSD＝2.44％， n＝9）， 93.56％-103.66％（RSD＝3.27％， n＝9）. The determination results showed that the contents of gallic acid and cinnamic acid in prepared R. officinale were higher， and the order of both were prepared R. officinale＞steamed R. officinale＞raw R. officinale. The content of catechin in raw R. officinale was higher， and the order of it was raw R. officinale＞ steamed R. officinale＞prepared R. officinale. CONCLUSIONS： The method is sensitive， reliable and reproducible. It can be used to determine the contents of gallic acid， cinnamic acid and catechins in 3 processed products of R. officinale simultaneously.

Exploration and reflection on the mini-lecture in the training mMode for research-oriented graduate students in Chinese traditional medicine / 中华医学教育探索杂志

In order to solve the problems of feeble research foundation and inadequate experiment skills,the central laboratory for science and technology at general hospital introduced a series of minilectures with different styles for research-oriented graduate students in Chinese Traditional Medicine,including basic strengthening style,tailored style,leading innovated style and academic salon style.The minilecture contents covered biomedical basic research,the commonly used experimental technologies of cell culture,molecular biology,histochemistry and some others,and the latest research advances.According to the needs of postgraduate research projects,the mini-lectures were also organically combined with the laboratory self-produced micro videos and scientific research training,which aroused the enthusiasm of medical science postgraduates for scientific research participation,and explored a new way to improve the quality of experimental teaching.

Recent advances on the treatment of breast cancer-related lymphedema / 中华整形外科杂志

Breast cancer-related lymphedema is a chronic, progressive disease that occurs following axillary lymph node dissection. Treatment includes nonsurgical, surgical and biological engineering strategies. Conservative method are mainly used for prevention and in cases of subclinical lymphedema. Surgical options can be divided into two categories: reductive surgery and physiologic surgery. Biological engineering strategies use tissue engineering, stem cells and growth factors to automatically restore the lymphatic vessels. All the aforementioned techniques are not curative and, consequently, further research is imperative to establish a better regiman in management of lymphedema.

The application of PDCA cycle in the bio-safety training for research-oriented medical postgradu-ates / 中华医学教育探索杂志

The laboratory of science and technology center at general hospital explored the appli-cation of PDCA cycle in the bio-safety training for research-oriented medical postgraduates, and then analyzed the effect of the training. The laboratory applied the PDCA cycle (Plan-Do-Check-Act) into the bio-safety training practice based on its own characteristics. The 4 links of bio-safety practice including bio-safety factors analysis, training plan implementation, training effectiveness evaluation and problems feed-back were integrated with 4 processes of PDCA cycle management. In view of the problems existing in the laboratory bio-safety training, the PDCA cycle model was applied to bio-safety training. Though the PDCA cycle, the laboratory can establish a bio-logical safety quality monitoring mechanism and achieve the system-atization, standardization and normalization of biosafety training.

Curative resection with minilaparotomy approach in the treatment of rectal cancer / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the surgical safety and short-term efficacy of minilaparotomy and laparoscopic approach for curative resection of rectal cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The retrospective cohort study was adopted. A review of patients scheduled to undergo a curative resection of rectal cancer via minilaparotomy or laparoscopic approach at Department of Colorectal Surgery of Changhai Hospital from June 2016 to May 2017 was carried out. All the patients were confirmed as rectal cancer by postoperative pathology. The following patients were excluded from the study: patients who had acute complete obstruction or perforation; patients underwent Miles or Hartmann procedure; patients who required an elongation of the skin incision in minilaparotomy or a conversion from laparoscopic to open surgery. Finally, 216 patients were enrolled in this study, of whom 143 were performed with minilaparotomy approach (minilaparotomy group) and 73 with laparoscopic approach (laparoscopic group) for curative resection of rectal cancer. For the minilaparotomy technique, a 7 cm longitudinal midline incision was made between the pubic symphysis and umbilicus; a wound retractor was applied to the edge of the wound; lymph node dissection around the inferior mesenteric and artery high ligation of inferior mesenteric artery were performed; by moving the minilaparotomy wound laterally and caudad or cephalad with the S-shaped hook, cautious mobilization of the relevant segment of the bowel loop was performed; bowel anastomosis was achieved by using the double-stapled technique; the gap of the pelvic floor peritoneum and mesentery were routinely closed by the absorbable surgical suture in cases with middle and low position rectal cancer. The surgical safety, the condition of resuming and the morbidity of postoperative complication were compared between the two groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were 145 men and 71 women. Age ranged from 26 to 87 years, with of mean age of 61 years. According to the TNM stage grouping, there were 61 patients with stage I(, 62 with stage II(, 85 with stage III(, and 8 with stage IIII( disease, respectively. These two groups did not differ significantly in terms of age, sex, body mass index, site of tumor, TNM stage(all P>0.05). All the patients completed the operation successfully. The median operation time of minilaparotomy group was significantly shorter than that of laparoscopic group [164(80-296) minutes vs. 230(90-665) minutes, Z=4.410, P=0.000]. The intraoperative medical consumable expense [11000(7000-22000) yuan vs. 23000(12000-47000) yuan, Z=11.759, P=0.000] and the total hospitalization expense [44000(22000-146000) yuan vs. 57000(45000-126000) yuan, Z=9.637, P=0.000] were significantly lower in the minilaparotomy group. There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of operative blood loss, number of harvested lymph nodes, distance of distal resection margin, positive rate of circumferential resection margin (all P>0.05). The rate of postoperative complication in minilaparotomy group was 7.0%(10/143) and in laparoscopic group was 9.6%(7/73) without significant difference (χ=0.449, P=0.503). There were 2 patients in each group who required readmission to the hospital within postoperative 30 days. The cause of readmission was ileus or acute hyponatremia in minilaparotomy group, and ileus or pevic infection in laparoscopic group. One patient died of brain death caused by acute pulmonary embolism during the perioperative period in minilaparotomy group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The minilaparotomy approach for curative resection of rectal cancer is safe and feasible. As compared with laparoscopic approach, it is advantageous to achieve minimal invasiveness and early recovery, but much cheaper and less time consuming.</p>

Refinement of dog-ear deformity following autologous flap breast reconstruction by liposuction / 中华医学美学美容杂志

Objective To investigate the application of liposuction in refining the dog-ear deformity following autologous flap breast reconstruction.Methods Between May 2012 and September 2016,16 patients with dog-ear deformity in the donor site following autologous flap breast reconstruction were treated with liposuction.All the patients were female with an average age of 40.6 years (range,32-47 years).After the operational compression garment was used for at least one month.Regular follow-up was performed after the above operation.Results The follow-up period lasted for 6 to 8 months.The dog-ear deformity was restored to normal appearance.All cases achieved satisfactory results without complications such as local depression,infection,skin necrosis etc.Conclusions For some of the dog-ear deformity following autologous flap breast reconstruction,liposuction is a good and simple method without adjuvant incisions.

Metabolism of hibernating myocardium and regulation of uncoupling protein 2 / 中国药理学通报

HM(hibernating myocardium)is an adaptive phenome-non of myocardium against sustained ischemia,which maintains its tissue vitality through balancing energy supply and demand.It widely exists in patients suffering from coronary heart disease. HMhas its own metabolic pattern,instead of regular FAO(fatty acid β-oxidation)-based metabolism,glycolysis became main pro-cedure.Reduction of FAO,TCA (tricarboxylic cacidcycle),ETC (electron transport chain)enzyme has been observed,ROS(reac-tive oxygen species)and UCP2(uncoupling protein 2)have been up-regulated.UCP2,which promotes proton leak across innermembrane of mitochondrial and leads to ATP reduction,has e-merged as an important regulator of the energy production.It is regulated by up-stream proteins such as AMPK,PPARs,PGC-1α,and other factors like FFA(free fat acid),ROS and purine nucleotide.HM has potential function of ischemic myocardium, which can improve cardiac function through reasonable interven-tion.Modulation of UCP2 can optimize energy production,and is essential to HM metabolism.

Effects of Hypoxia / Reoxygenation on Myocardial Cells: Protected by Components of Water Extract from Qi-Xue Bing-Zhi Recipe / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

This study was aimed to observe the protective effects of components of water extract from Qi-Xue Bing-Zhi recipe (CWQB) on myocardial cells from hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury,by optimizing the metabolism of highenergy phosphates and then preventing cell damage and early apoptosis correlatively.Myocardial cells were separated and extracted from newborn SD rats.And then,H/R models were made by depriving oxygen for 3 hours and then regaining for 2 hours.Cardiomyocytes were divided into four groups,which were the control (normal oxygen) group,H/R (H/R model) group,TMZ (H/R model + 100 μmol/L Trimetazidine,TMZ) group,and CWQB (H/R model + 1 mmol/L CWQB) group.High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used in the content determination of adenosine monophosphate (AMP),adenosine diphosphate (ADP),adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in each group for the calculation of total adenylic acid (TAN) and energy charge (EC).Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used in the detection of myocardial damage markers,such as creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) and cardiac troponin T (cTnT).The early apoptosis of myocardial cells were assessed by flow cytometry (FCM).The results showed that compared with H/R group,contents of AMP in the TMZ group and CWQB group were decreased,while contents of ADP,ATP,TAN and EC were all increased in both groups.The increasing degrees of ADP,ATP and TAN in TMZ group were higher than those of the CWQB group (P ＜ 0.05).Contents of CK-MB and cTnT were significantly decreased in the TMZ group and the CWQB group.Content of cTnT decreased more significantly in the CWQB group (P ＜ 0.05).In the TMZ group and the CWQB group,early apoptosis rate was decreased.The decreasing in the TH group was more significant (P ＜ 0.05).The correlation analysis showed that the level of CK-MB and concentration of ADP had significant negative correlation.The early apoptosis rate and AMP had significant positive correlation.The early apoptosis rate had negative correlation with concentrations of ADP and ATP (P ＜ 0.01).It was concluded that CWQB recipe can decrease the concentration of AMP in H/R cardiomyocytes,increase the concentrations of ADP,ATP,TAN and EC,and decrease myocardial damage makers such as CK-MB and cTnT,depress early apoptosis rate in H/R cardiomyocytes,in order to display its cardioprotective effects in H/R injury.

Icariin protects against cyclophosphamide-induced obstacle of mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells differentiating into osteoblasts / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Osteoporosis caused by chemotherapy has become one of the serious side effects that impact the skeletal system. Icarin shows a strong anti-osteoporosis activity, which can have protective effect on osteoporosis induced by chemotherapy. OBJECTIVE: To study the protective effect and mechanism of icarin against cyclophosphamide-induced obstacle of mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels differentiating into osteoblasts. METHODS:MTT assay and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining were used to determine the optimal protective concentration of icarin against cyclophosphamide-induced obstacle of mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels differentiating into osteoblasts. mRNA expressions of osteoblast-specific transcription factors, OC, ALP, Runx2, and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway target genes, β-catenin, C-Myc, cyclin D1, were determined using RT-PCR method at different time after intervention with the optimal concentration of icarin. Expressions of Runx2, β-catenin, c-Myc, cyclin D1 regulated by the optimal concentration of icarin were detected using western blot assay at the protein level. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Cel viability and ALP activity decreased significantly in the cyclophosphamide group compared with the control group, but there was no significant difference in cel viability between icarin group and cyclophosphamide group. Icarin at 100 μmol/L showed the best protective effect against cyclophosphamide-induced obstacle of osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenhymal stem cels. Compared with the control group, cyclophosphamide chemotherapy reduced the expressions of ALP, OC, Runx2 at mRNA level and Runx2 at protein level, weakened the expressions ofβ-catenin, cyclin D1 at mRNA level and active β-catenin, Cyclin D1, c-myc at protein level, and increased the expression of DKK1. Compared with the cyclophosphamide group, 100 μmol/L icarin increased the expression of osteoblast-specific transcription factors and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway genes at mRNA and protein levels, and reduced the expression of DKK1 protein. These results show that cyclophosphamide can lead to osteogenic differentiation disorder of mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels, and in contrast, icarin shows a protective effect and its optimal intervention concentration is 100 μmol/L. Additionaly, the protective roleof icarin is probably related to activation of Wnt/β-catenin signal pathway.

Horizontal transmission of Streptococcus mutans in caries-active preschool children / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze horizontal transmission patterns of Streptococcus mutans among caries-active preschool children for early interventions of dental caries.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Plaque samples obtained from 20 caries-active preschool children between 4 and 5 years of age were cultured under anaerobic conditions for isolating S. mutans, which were identified by morphological and biochemical analyses and PCR using primers homologous to the surface protein glucosyltransferase B (gtfB). The genotypes of the isolated S. mutans strains were determined by arbitrarily primed PCR (AP-PCR).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of the 200 S. mutans isolates obtained, 19 were excluded by biochemical analysis, and the remaining 181 isolates were identified as S. mutans by PCR with primers of gtfB, showing 37 different genotypes as identified by AP-PCR. Six children were found to carry S. mutans of a single genotype, 11 carried 2 genotypes, 2 had 3 genotypes, and 1 had 4 genotypes; 2 children from different classes were found to carry S. mutans of the same single genotype.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>We identified 37 genotypes of S. mutans in these caries-active preschool children, among whom horizontal transmissions of the strains were not found.</p>

Preliminary screen of high cariogenicity Streptococcus mutans strains isolated from clinical specimens / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To screen of high cariogenicity Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) strains isolated from clinical specimens preliminary.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Acidogenicity, aciduricity, extracellular polysaccharide production and adhesion of 41 strains of S. mutans isolated from clinical specimens were investigated to screen high cariogenicity S. mutans strains.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were different cariogenicity among 41 strains of S. mutans, in which 3 strains of S. mutans had all high ability to produce extracellular polysaccharide, adhere to the saliva-coated hydroxyapatite, produce acid and tolerate acid, indicated there were 3 strains with high cariogenicity S. mutans strains isolated from clinical specimens. Another 3 strains of S. mutans with all low ability to produce extracellular polysaccharide, adhere to the saliva-coated hydroxyapatite, produce acid and tolerate acid indicated they were low cariogenicity S. mutans strains isolated from clinical specimens.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>We may have obtained high cariogenicity S. mutans strains isolated from clinical specimens.</p>

Isolation and identification of Streptococcus mutans strains with different genotype from clinical samples / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To identify Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) strains from clinical samples.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Plaque samples from caries-active and caries-free sites on enamel surfaces were obtained and cultivated for S. mutans isolation. Morphology, biochemistry, automatic microorganism analysis system and polymerase chain reaction using primers homologous to surface protein antigen I/II (spaP), glucosyltransferase B (gtfB) and dextranase (dexA) were used to identify S. mutans. Genotype of isolated S. mutans was determined by arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Forty-six strains of S. mutans were obtained from the 32 subjects and were identified as S. mutans by biochemistry, automatic microorganism analysis system and polymerase chain reaction. Five identical genotypes were found by arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Forty-one strains of S. mutans with different genotype were obtained from clinical samples.</p>

Selection and identification of ssDNA aptamers specific to clinical isolates of Streptococcus mutans strains with different cariogenicity / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To select and identify ssDNA aptamers specific to Streptococcus mutans strains with different cariogenicity isolated from clinical specimens.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Subtractive SELEX technology targeting the whole intact cells was used to screen for ssDNA aptamers specific to the clinical isolates Streptococcus mutans strains with different cariogenicity. Radioactive isotope, flow cytometry, gene cloning and sequencing, MEME online software and RNA structure analysis software were employed to analyze the first and secondary structures of the aptamers and identify the screened aptamers.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Detection by radioactive isotope showed sufficient pool enrichment after 9 rounds of subtractive SELEX. Flow cytometry showed that the selected aptamers H1, H16, H4, L1, L10 and H19 were capable of binding specifically with highly cariogenic Streptococcus mutans strains but not with strains with a low cariogenicity. The aptamer H19 had the strongest binding capacity to highly cariogenic Streptococcus mutans strains, with a dissociation constant of 69.45∓38.53 nmol/L.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>We have obtained the ssDNA aptamers specific to the clinical isolates of highly cariogenic Streptococcus mutans strains.</p>

Non-contrast-Enhanced MR angiography for selective evaluation of the hepatic portal vein / 生物医学工程学杂志

This study was aimed to compare and evaluate the diagnostic performance of non-contrast-enhanced MR angiography (NCE-MRA) with contrast-enhanced MR angiography (CE-MRA) in the anatomic assessment of hepatic portal vein. Thirty people, ten patients with hepatic cirrhosis without ascites and twenty normal physical examination donors as control group were included in the NCE-MRA and CE-MRA with the same 1.5T MR scanner. Anatomic angiographic images were reconstructed and their datasets available for analysis independently performed by two radiologists. Assessment of data quality of hepatic portal vein vessels was rated with a four-point scale. After consensus reading, a total 27 images (90%) scored more than 3 point were observed in NCE-MRA and 28 (93.3%) in CE-MRA, respectively. Segmental branch vessels were visualized on MR angiography in the majority of cases. Both NCE-MRA and CE-MRA correctly characterized the hepatic portal veins with grade 5 and without false positive cases. Only 4 false negatives with grade 6 were missed in NCE-MRA group. There were no statistically significant differences between NCE-MRA and CE-MRA for characterization of hepatic vasculature (P < 0.05). Kappa value was larger than 0.75 for both reviewers. A conclusion could be drawn that NCE-MRA is a non-invasive and effective method that provides a comprehensive assessment of the hepatic portal vein.