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ObjectiveTo observe the microbial changes in Wistar rats with liver injury caused by the Dictamni Cortex-Flavescens Sophora by high-throughput sequencing technology and investigate the potential mechanism of liver injury caused by the Dictamni Cortex-Flavescens Sophora. MethodFemale Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups： normal group， as well as low-dose， medium-dose， and high-dose groups of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）. The rats were gavaged with the Dictamni Cortex-Flavescens Sophora in different doses （4.125， 8.25， 16.5 g·kg-1 of raw drug respectively） for 28 days， and the general condition was recorded. The liver-body weight ratio was calculated， and the biochemical indexes of serum were observed. The Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was used to observe pathological changes in the liver， and 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing was utilized to detect fecal microbial changes in rats. ResultCompared with the normal group， Dictamni Cortex-Flavescens Sophora increased the liver weights and liver-body weight ratios of Wistar rats. The difference in liver weight between the medium-dose and high-dose groups of TCM was statistically significant （P<0.05）， and the liver-body weight ratios of the low-dose， medium-dose， and high-dose groups of TCM were all statistically significant （P<0.05）. Compared with the normal group， serum albumin and cholesterol levels increased in the medium-dose and high-dose groups of TCM （P<0.05）. The histopathology of the liver in the medium-dose and high-dose groups of TCM showed tiny vacuole-like changes. Compared with the normal group， there were obvious intestinal flora disorders after administration of Dictamni Cortex-Flavescens Sophora， and alpha diversity increased in the medium-dose and high-dose groups of TCM. The principal coordinates analysis showed that species increasingly deviated from the normal group as the administered dose increased. Compared with the normal group， the proportion of Firmicutes and Bacteroidota decreased after the drug administration， and the genus level of Parasutterella， Romboutsia， Turicibacter， Allobaculum， and Dubosiella increased. The genus level of Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group， Blautia， Erysipelatoclostridium， Muribaculum， and Ruminococcus_gnavus_group decreased. The correlation analysis showed that Parasutterella， Romboutsia， Turicibacter， Allobaculum， and Dubosiella were positively correlated with serum cholesterol and liver-body weight ratio， and lanchnospiraceae_NK4A136_group， Blautia， Muribaculum， Erysipelatoclostridium， and Ruminococcus_gnavus_group were negatively associated with serum cholesterol and liver-body weight ratio. ConclusionThe liver injury caused by Dictamni Cortex-Flavescens Sophora is manifested as a lipid metabolism disorder， and the mechanism is related to the increase in lipid metabolism-related microorganisms.
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This study was aimed to establish an HPLC method for simultaneous content determination of valtrate, acevaltrate, and their degradation products, which were baldrinal and 11-ethoxyviburtinal, in Valeriana jatamansi Jones. The separation and quantification of 4 constituents mentioned above were performed on an Agilent ZORBAX SB-C18 (4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm). The mobile phase consisted of water (A) - acetonitrile (B) with an optimized gradient program. The flow rate was 1 mL·min-1. The column temperature was set at 25℃. The wavelength was set at 241 nm. And the injection volume was 10μL. The results showed that among 14 different places of V. jatamansi, the 4 contents determined were different. The contents of valtrate, acevaltrate, and baldrinal in the Yunnan Baoshan Mount were the highest. And the content of 11-ethoxyviburtinal was the highest in Yunnan Dali. It was concluded that the method was with good precision, reproducibility and stability. And it was suitable for the determination of 4 valepotriates ingredients in V. jatamansi. It also provided references for the quality control and exploitation of V. jatamansi.
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ObjectiveTo assess the feasibility and clinical efficacy of minimally invasive esophagectomy for esophageal cancer.MethodsFrom July 2007 to December 2009,eighty-one patients with esophageal cancer received combined thoracoscopic and laparoscopic esophagectomy with anastomosis in the neck.All clinical data were retrospectively reviewed.ResultsThe median operative time was 270.5 min (range 196-315 min).The median time of gastric mobilization and abdominal lymph node dissection was 64.5 min,and the median time of esophageal dissection and mediastinall lymph node dissection was 81.2 min.The median blood loss was 121.5 ml for the thoracic phase and 42.4 ml for abdomen phase.The mean number of disected lymph nodes was 20.4 (range 5-41) with metastastic rate of 30.9% (25/81).The mean harvest lymph node was 12.5 in chest and 7.3 in abdomen.Perioperative complications rate was 27.2%,including respiratory failure in 1 case,pulmonary infection in 10,anastomotic leak in 3,chylothorax in 2,gastric tube dilatation in 1,gastric tube leak in 1.And recurrent laryneal nerve injury in 5 .Seventy-nine patients were followed up withmMean follow up time of 14.2 months( range 2-31 months).The overall one-year survival rate was 91.1%.Postoperative complications included anastomotic stenosis in 5 cases (6.3%),reflux esophagitis in 12 (15.2%) and recurrence or metastasis in 6 (7.6%).ConclusionMinimally invasive esophagectomy for esophageal cancer can mimimus trauma,reduce post-operative complications,improve the quality of life,which is feasible and effective from the point of the clinical efficacy and the purpose of tumor therapy.