The clinical and microbiological effects of non-surgical periodontal treatments in necrotizing periodontal disease: case report

Necrotizing periodontal disease caused by plaque bacteria is showed clinical findings including pseudo-membrane, interproximal necrosis of the affected area, pain on palpation and gingiva bleeding. Microbiological examination is showed that patients have fusospirochetal bacteria. Two patients who were provisionally diagnosed as necrotizing periodontal disease received nonsurgical periodontal treatments in conjunction with dressing using 3% hydrogen peroxide and local antibiotic delivery. Before and 3 - 5 days after initial treatment, the levels of periodontal bacteria in gingival crevicular fluid obtained using quantitative PCR were compared. After treatment, patients recovered normal gingiva. The number of periodontal diseases related bacterial species decreased from seven or eight to one. As a result, periodontium of patients with necrotizing periodontal disease was recovered to normal periodontium by nonsurgical periodontal treatments.

3D analysis of soft tissue around implant after flap folding suture

Purpose@#The various suture techniques can be utilized in order to maximize the keratinized tissue healing around dental implants. The aim of this study is to compare the soft tissue healing pattern between two different suture techniques after implant placement. @*Materials and Methods@#15 patients with 18 implants were enrolled in this study. Simple implant placement without any additional bone graft was performed. Two different suture techniques were used to tug in the mobilized flap near the healing abutment after paramarginal flap design. Digital intraoral scan was performed at baseline, post-operation, stitch out, and 3 months after operation. The scan data were aligned using multiple points such as cusp, fossa of adjacent teeth, and/or healing abutment. After subtracting scan data at baseline with other time-point results, closed space indicating volume increment of peri-implant mucosa was selected. The volume of the close space was measured in mm 3 . The volume between two suture techniques at three time-points was compared using nonparametric rank-based analysis. @*Results@#Healing was uneventful in both groups. Both suture technique groups showed increased soft tissue volume immediately after surgery. The amount of volume increment significantly decreased after 3 months (P 0.05). @*Conclusion@#After paramarginal flap reflection, the raised flaps stabilized by flap folding suture showed relatively higher volume maintenance after 3-month healing period. However, further studies are warranted.

A clinical study on the effect of attachable periodontal wound dressing on postoperative pain and healing

Purpose@#After periodontal surgery, studies have found that the use of periodontal wound dressing reduces the risk of wound infection and increases healing. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of attachable periodontal wound dressing on the healing and patient satisfaction after periodontal flap surgery. @*Materials and Methods@#Twenty-eight patients requiring periodontal surgery underwent periodontal flap surgery on both quadrants of maxilla or mandible. Postoperative pain, bleeding, dietary discomfort and hypersensitivity in relation to attachable periodontal wound dressing was assessed using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Additional survey on frequency of burning sensation and overall satisfaction rates were assessed. @*Results@#VAS mean values for pain, bleeding, and dietary discomfort depending on the presence and absence of attachable wound dressing were; pain: 2.82, 3.96 (P = 0.002), bleeding: 1.61, 2.54 (P = 0.008), dietary discomfort: 2.82, 4.18 (P < 0.001), respectively. Test groups with attachable wound dressing reported significantly lower rates of discomfort. No significant difference was observed in burning sensation and hypersensitivity related with wound dressing. Satisfaction was higher in 75% of patients who received wound dressing. @*Conclusion@#According to the results of this study, patients who received attachable periodontal wound dressing reported less postoperative pain, bleeding, and dietary discomfort. There was no statistical significance related to the use of wound dressing with burning sensation and hypersensitivity.

A scoring system for the diagnosis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis from liver biopsy

Background@#Liver biopsy is the essential method to diagnose non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), but histological features of NASH are too subjective to achieve reproducible diagnoses in early stages of disease. We aimed to identify the key histological features of NASH and devise a scoring model for diagnosis. @*Methods@#Thirteen pathologists blindly assessed 12 histological factors and final histological diagnoses (‘not-NASH,’ ‘borderline,’ and ‘NASH’) of 31 liver biopsies that were diagnosed as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) or NASH before and after consensus. The main histological parameters to diagnose NASH were selected based on histological diagnoses and the diagnostic accuracy and agreement of 12 scoring models were compared for final diagnosis and the NAFLD Activity Score (NAS) system. @*Results@#Inter-observer agreement of final diagnosis was fair (κ = 0.25) before consensus and slightly improved after consensus (κ = 0.33). Steatosis at more than 5% was the essential parameter for diagnosis. Major diagnostic factors for diagnosis were fibrosis except 1C grade and presence of ballooned cells. Minor diagnostic factors were lobular inflammation ( ≥ 2 foci/ × 200 field), microgranuloma, and glycogenated nuclei. All 12 models showed higher inter-observer agreement rates than NAS and post-consensus diagnosis (κ = 0.52–0.69 vs. 0.33). Considering the reproducibility of factors and practicability of the model, summation of the scores of major (× 2) and minor factors may be used for the practical diagnosis of NASH. @*Conclusions@#A scoring system for the diagnosis of NAFLD would be helpful as guidelines for pathologists and clinicians by improving the reproducibility of histological diagnosis of NAFLD.

Histological comparison of different compressive forces on particulate grafts during alveolar ridge preservation: a prospective proof-of-concept study

Purpose@#The aim of this study was to determine the impact of different compressive forces on deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) particles covered by native bilayer collagen membrane (NBCM) during alveolar ridge preservation (ARP) in the molar area, and to identify any histomorphometric and clinical differences according to the compressive force applied. @*Methods@#Sockets were filled with DBBM after tooth extraction, and different compressive forces (30 N and 5 N, respectively) were applied to the graft material in the test (30 N) and control (5 N) groups. The DBBM in both groups was covered with NBCM in a double-layered fashion. A crossed horizontal mattress suture (hidden X) was then made. A core biopsy was performed using a trephine bur without flap elevation at the implant placement site for histomorphometric evaluations after 4 months. The change of the marginal bone level was measured using radiography. @*Results@#Twelve patients completed the study. The histomorphometric analysis demonstrated that the mean ratios of the areas of new bone, residual graft material, and soft tissue and the implant stability quotient did not differ significantly between the groups (P>0.05). However, the mean size of the residual graft material showed a significant intergroup difference (P<0.05). @*Conclusions@#The application of 2 compressive forces (5 N, 30 N) on particulate DBBM grafts during open-healing ARP in the posterior area led to comparable new bone formation, implant feasibility and peri-implant bone level.

A clinical study on the effect of attachable periodontal wound dressing on postoperative pain and healing

Purpose@#After periodontal surgery, studies have found that the use of periodontal wound dressing reduces the risk of wound infection and increases healing. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of attachable periodontal wound dressing on the healing and patient satisfaction after periodontal flap surgery. @*Materials and Methods@#Twenty-eight patients requiring periodontal surgery underwent periodontal flap surgery on both quadrants of maxilla or mandible. Postoperative pain, bleeding, dietary discomfort and hypersensitivity in relation to attachable periodontal wound dressing was assessed using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Additional survey on frequency of burning sensation and overall satisfaction rates were assessed. @*Results@#VAS mean values for pain, bleeding, and dietary discomfort depending on the presence and absence of attachable wound dressing were; pain: 2.82, 3.96 (P = 0.002), bleeding: 1.61, 2.54 (P = 0.008), dietary discomfort: 2.82, 4.18 (P < 0.001), respectively. Test groups with attachable wound dressing reported significantly lower rates of discomfort. No significant difference was observed in burning sensation and hypersensitivity related with wound dressing. Satisfaction was higher in 75% of patients who received wound dressing. @*Conclusion@#According to the results of this study, patients who received attachable periodontal wound dressing reported less postoperative pain, bleeding, and dietary discomfort. There was no statistical significance related to the use of wound dressing with burning sensation and hypersensitivity.

Histological analysis of explanted implant-bone interface: a case report

Osseointegration has been reported to be a dynamic process in which the alveolar bone comes in direct contact with the implant. Various methods were tried to evaluate degree of osseointegration and the measurement of bone-implant contact (BIC) have been commonly used among them. To properly assess the BIC, only histologic analysis is available. However, few studies evaluated BIC of successfully osseointegrated implants in humans. Thus, this is a unique opportunity when implants should be explanted due to inappropriate positioning of implant, presence of pain or sensory disturbance, or broken screw or fixture. This report presents a case of the implant underwent 3-year functional load and a histologic analysis after the fixture fracture. The histomorphometric analysis revealed 53.1% of BIC measured along the whole implant and 70.9% measured only in subcrestal area, respectively. In the present study, although the implant was fractured, a high degree of BIC was observed.

Twenty-one-year follow-up of variable onset MELAS syndrome with heteroplasmic nt3243A>G mtDNA mutation: A case report

Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) syndrome is a maternally inherited mitochondrial disorder of which m.3243A>G is the most commonly associated mutation, resulting in an inability to meet the energy requirements of various organs. MELAS poses a diagnostic challenge owing to its multiple organ involvement and great clinical variability due to its heteroplasmic nature. We report three cases from a family who were initially misdiagnosed with myasthenia gravis or undiagnosed. Although there is no optimal consensus treatment approach for patients with MELAS because of the disease's heterogeneity, our 21-year-long therapy regimen of l-arginine, l-carnitine, and coenzyme Q10 supplementation combined with dietary management appeared to provide noticeable protection from the symptoms and complications. Prompt early diagnosis is important, as optimal multidisciplinary management and early intervention may improve outcomes.

Early implant failure: a retrospective analysis of contributing factors

PURPOSE: The aim of this retrospective study was to determine the prevalence of early implant failure using a single implant system and to identify the factors contributing to early implant failure. METHODS: Patients who received implant treatment with a single implant system (Luna®, Shinhung, Seoul, Korea) at Dankook University Dental Hospital from 2015 to 2017 were enrolled. The following data were collected for analysis: sex and age of the patient, seniority of the surgeon, diameter and length of the implant, position in the dental arch, access approach for sinus-floor elevation, and type of guided bone regeneration (GBR) procedure. The effect of each predictor was evaluated using the crude hazard ratio and the adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) in univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses, respectively. RESULTS: This study analyzed 1,031 implants in 409 patients, who comprised 169 females and 240 males with a median age of 54 years (interquartile range [IQR], 47–61 years) and were followed up for a median of 7.2 months (IQR, 5.6–9.9 months) after implant placement. Thirty-five implants were removed prior to final prosthesis delivery, and the cumulative survival rate in the early phase at the implant level was 95.6%. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that seniority of the surgeon (residents: aHR=2.86; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.37–5.94) and the jaw in which the implant was placed (mandible: aHR=2.31; 95% CI, 1.12–4.76) exerted statistically significant effects on early implant failure after adjusting for sex, age, dimensions of the implant, and type of GBR procedure (preoperative and/or simultaneous) (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Prospective studies are warranted to further elucidate the factors contributing to early implant failure. In the meantime, surgeons should receive appropriate training and carefully select the bone bed in order to minimize the risk of early implant failure.

Porcine ear necrosis syndrome by coinfection of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and Staphylococcus hyicus

Porcine ear necrosis syndrome is characterized by erosive and ulcerative lesions at the margin or tip of the pinna. Three growing pigs of different ages exhibited retarded growth accompanied by reddening and necrosis of ear prior to death. Gross examination showed reddening, swelling, black discoloration, scaling, and variable-sized yellowish materials and edema in ear cross section. Microscopically, thrombosis, abscess, ulceration, epidermal hyperplasia, and dermal pyogranulomatous inflammation with an intralesional bacterial colony were observed. Staphylococcus hyicus was isolated in all pigs' ears and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus was detected by PCR and immunohistochemistry.

Effects of host modulation by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on periodontal disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis

PURPOSE: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs that prohibit biosynthesis of arachidonic acid metabolites have been considered potent host modulation agents. The aim of this review was to determine the effect of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs adjunctive with nonsurgical periodontal treatment in patients with periodontal disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three electronic databases were searched to identify relevant studies. The methodological quality and mean differences of the change in clinical attachment level and probing depth were analyzed according to Cochrane review methods. RESULTS: Twelve studies were included in the methodological assessment and nine studies were suitable for inclusion in the meta-analysis. The mean difference in the clinical attachment level gain did not differ significantly between the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and control groups at any observation time. The highest mean difference in clinical attachment level gain was 0.30 mm at 4 weeks (95% confidence interval = -0.37 to 0.97). There was a significant mean difference in the probing depth reduction, of 0.34 mm (95% confidence interval = 0.29 to 0.40) at 6 weeks. CONCLUSION: Therefore, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have additional therapeutic effect when administrated with nonsurgical periodontal treatment.

Interobserver Agreement on Pathologic Features of Liver Biopsy Tissue in Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

BACKGROUND: The histomorphologic criteria for the pathological features of liver tissue from patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remain subjective, causing confusion among pathologists and clinicians. In this report, we studied interobserver agreement of NAFLD pathologic features and analyzed causes of disagreement. METHODS: Thirty-one cases of clinicopathologically diagnosed NAFLD from 10 hospitals were selected. One hematoxylin and eosin and one Masson's trichrome-stained virtual slide from each case were blindly reviewed with regard to 12 histological parameters by 13 pathologists in a gastrointestinal study group of the Korean Society of Pathologists. After the first review, we analyzed the causes of disagreement and defined detailed morphological criteria. The glass slides from each case were reviewed a second time after a consensus meeting. The degree of interobserver agreement was determined by multi-rater kappa statistics. RESULTS: Kappa values of the first review ranged from 0.0091-0.7618. Acidophilic bodies (k = 0.7618) and portal inflammation (k = 0.5914) showed high levels of agreement, whereas microgranuloma (k = 0.0984) and microvesicular fatty change (k = 0.0091) showed low levels of agreement. After the second review, the kappa values of the four major pathological features increased from 0.3830 to 0.5638 for steatosis grade, from 0.1398 to 0.2815 for lobular inflammation, from 0.1923 to 0.3362 for ballooning degeneration, and from 0.3303 to 0.4664 for fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS: More detailed histomorphological criteria must be defined for correct diagnosis and high interobserver agreement of NAFLD.

The polypoid ganglioneuroma associated with hyperplastic polyposis

No abstract available.

Prognostic Significance of p53, mTOR, c-Met, IGF-1R, and HSP70 Overexpression after the Resection of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The current study examines the expression of molecular biomarkers in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and whether these findings correlate with the clinicopathologic features of the disease and patient survival. METHODS: We analyzed the immunohistochemical expression of p53, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), c-Met, and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) with the clinicopathologic features of 83 HCCs. RESULTS: p53 expression was higher in the male patients with undifferentiated histological tumor grades, cirrhosis, and portal vein invasion. High 48 c-Met expression correlated with cirrhosis, and high mTOR expression correlated with the tumor grade and cirrhosis. High IGF-1R expression correlated with the tumor grade and cirrhosis. A multivariate analysis identified a significant relationship between the high expression of p53, tumor grade, and portal vein invasion. In addition, a high expression of mTOR was related to tumor grade and cirrhosis, and a high expression of HSP70 was related to portal vein invasion in a multivariate analysis. The Kaplan-Meier survival curve for patients with high versus low Edmondson grades and p53 expression was statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: p53, mTOR, and IGF-1R expression correlated with the Edmondson tumor grade in a univariate analysis, while p53 and mTOR correlated with the Edmondson tumor grade in a multivariate analysis. In addition, the tumor grade was found to predict survival. p53 was primarily related to the clinicopathologic features compared to other markers, and it is a poor prognostic factor of survival.

TisN0M1 Sigmoid Colon Cancer: A Case Report

Distant metastasis of a colon carcinoma in situ has not yet been reported. We experienced a case of a sigmoid colon carcinoma in situ with common hepatic lymph node metastasis. After the first operation, we diagnosed dual intramucosal adenocarcinomas of the sigmoid colon without any regional lymph node metastasis. After the second operation, a metastatic adenocarcinoma was found in the common hepatic lymph nodes. We suggest that metastasis in cases of a colonic carcinoma in situ is rare, but possible. The parallel progression model of tumors can explain this early metastasis.

A Case of Liver Fibrosis with Splenomegaly after Oxaliplatin-Based Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Colon Cancer

Previous studies reported that oxaliplatin is associated with sinusoidal obstruction syndrome. However few reports on oxaliplatin induced liver fibrosis are found in the literature. Furthermore pathogenesis of liver fibrosis is not well known. We report a case of 45-yr-old Korean man in whom liver fibrosis with splenomegaly developed after 12 cycles of oxaliplatin based adjuvant chemotherapy for colon cancer (T4N2M0). Thorough history taking and serological examination revealed no evidence of chronic liver disease. Restaging CT scans demonstrated a good response to chemotherapy. Five month after chemotherapy, he underwent right hepatectomy due to isolated metastatic lesion. The liver parenchyma showed diffuse sinusoidal dilatation and centrilobular vein fibrosis with necrosis without steatosis. We could conclude that splenomegaly was due to perisinusoidal liver fibrosis and liver cell necrosis induced portal hypertension by oxaliplatin. In addition, to investigate the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis, immunohistochemical stains such as CD31 and alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) were conducted with control group. The immunohistochemical stains for CD31 and alpha-SMA were positive along the sinusoidal space in the patient, while negative in the control group. Chemotherapy with oxaliplatin induces liver fibrosis which should be kept in mind as a serious complication.

A Phase II Study of Additional Four-Week Chemotherapy With Capecitabine During the Resting Periods After Six-Week Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy in Patients With Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer

PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and the safety of additional 4-week chemotherapy with capecitabine during the resting periods after a 6-week neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NCRT) in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer. METHODS: Radiotherapy was delivered to the whole pelvis at a total dose of 50.4 Gy for 6 weeks. Oral capecitabine was administered at a dose of 825 mg/m2 twice daily for 10 weeks. Surgery was performed 2-4 weeks following the completion of chemotherapy. RESULTS: Between January 2010 and September 2011, 44 patients were enrolled. Forty-three patients underwent surgery, and 41 patients completed the scheduled treatment. Pathologic complete remission (pCR) was noted in 9 patients (20.9%). T down-staging and N down-staging were observed in 32 patients (74.4%) and 33 patients (76.7%), respectively. Grade 3 to 5 toxicity was noted in 5 patients (11.4%). The pCR rate was similar with the pCR rates obtained after conventional NCRT at our institute and at other institutes. CONCLUSION: This study showed that additional 4-week chemotherapy with capecitabine during the resting periods after 6-week NCRT was safe, but it was no more effective than conventional NCRT.

A Phase II Study of Additional Four-Week Chemotherapy With Capecitabine During the Resting Periods After Six-Week Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy in Patients With Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer

PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and the safety of additional 4-week chemotherapy with capecitabine during the resting periods after a 6-week neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NCRT) in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer. METHODS: Radiotherapy was delivered to the whole pelvis at a total dose of 50.4 Gy for 6 weeks. Oral capecitabine was administered at a dose of 825 mg/m2 twice daily for 10 weeks. Surgery was performed 2-4 weeks following the completion of chemotherapy. RESULTS: Between January 2010 and September 2011, 44 patients were enrolled. Forty-three patients underwent surgery, and 41 patients completed the scheduled treatment. Pathologic complete remission (pCR) was noted in 9 patients (20.9%). T down-staging and N down-staging were observed in 32 patients (74.4%) and 33 patients (76.7%), respectively. Grade 3 to 5 toxicity was noted in 5 patients (11.4%). The pCR rate was similar with the pCR rates obtained after conventional NCRT at our institute and at other institutes. CONCLUSION: This study showed that additional 4-week chemotherapy with capecitabine during the resting periods after 6-week NCRT was safe, but it was no more effective than conventional NCRT.

A case of primary adenosquamous carcinoma of the liver

Adenosquamous carcinoma (ASC) is a rare tumor of the liver, which carries a poor prognosis. It has been reported mostly in the form of case studies. Recently, we experienced a case of primary ASC of the liver that has been preoperatively considered as cholangiocelluar carcinoma of the liver. Microscopically, the tumor was composed of adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, as well as transitional area, including the transformation of adenocarcinoma to squamous cell carcinoma. The patient remained well with no evidence of post-resection complication or recurrence for 15 month.

Proposal for a Standardized Pathology Report of Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors: Prognostic Significance of Pathological Parameters

BACKGROUND: There is confusion in the diagnosis and biological behaviors of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs), because of independently proposed nomenclatures and classifications. A standardized form of pathology report is required for the proper management of patients. METHODS: We discussed the proper pathological evaluation of GEP-NET at the consensus conference of the subcommittee meeting for the Gastrointestinal Pathology Study Group of the Korean Society of Pathologists. We then verified the prognostic significance of pathological parameters from our previous nationwide collection of pathological data from 28 hospitals in Korea to determine the essential data set for a pathology report. RESULTS: Histological classification, grading (mitosis and/or Ki-67 labeling index), T staging (extent, size), lymph node metastasis, and lymphovascular and perineural invasion were significant prognostic factors and essential for the pathology report of GEP-NET, while immunostaining such as synaptophysin and chromogranin may be optional. Furthermore, the staging system, either that of the 2010 American Joint Cancer Committee (AJCC) or the European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society (ENETS), should be specified, especially for pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms. CONCLUSIONS: A standardized pathology report is crucial for the proper management and prediction of prognosis of patients with GEP-NET.