RESUMO
@#Introduction: Race estimation of unknown individual is essential in forensic investigation. The resiliency of frontal sinus makes it a potential tool for biological profiling, particularly in cases where fragmented skeleton persists. Geometric morphometrics is an efficient way to characterise shape. However, the use of frontal sinus to identify race of Malaysians is yet to be investigated. This research employed a two-dimensional (2D) geometric morphometric to examine the morphological differences of the frontal sinus among the major races in Malaysia. Methods: Lateral skull radiographs which comprising of 453 adult Malaysian (151 Malays, Chinese and Indian respectively) were used. The 2D landmarks of eight were placed on the digitalized radiographs and 2D geometric morphometric analysis was performed using MorphoJ software. Results: Procrustes ANOVA revealed a significantly different frontal sinus shape (p-value < 0.05) between races. Canonical variate analysis showed significantly different frontal sinus morphology (p-value < 0.05) between Malay and Indian as well as Chinese and Indian. Discriminant function analysis with cross-validation demonstrated a 57.4% accuracy rate. Conclusion: This population-specific study based on frontal sinus of Malaysians using the 2D geometric morphometric, though less reliable, sheds new light on the potential applicability of this method for race estimation purpose.
RESUMO
Penile prosthesis implant (PPI) remains an effective and safe treatment option for men with erectile dysfunction (ED). However, PPI surgery can be associated with a higher risk of complications in certain populations. This article provides a critical review of relevant publications pertaining to PPI in men with diabetes, significant corporal fibrosis, spinal cord injury, concurrent continence surgery, and complex salvage cases. The discussion of each category of special populations includes a brief review of the surgical challenges and a practical action-based set of recommendations. While specific patient populations posed considerable challenges in PPI surgery, strict pre- and postoperative management coupled with safe surgical practice is a prerequisite to achieving excellent clinical outcomes and high patient satisfaction rate.
RESUMO
The artificial urinary sphincter (AUS) remains the standard of care in men with severe stress urinary incontinence (SUI) following prostate surgery and radiation. While the current AUS provides an effective, safe, and durable treatment option, it is not without its limitations and complications, especially with regard to its utility in some 'high-risk' populations. This article provides a critical review of relevant publications pertaining to AUS surgery in specific high-risk groups such as men with spinal cord injury, revision cases, concurrent penile prosthesis implant, and female SUI. The discussion of each category includes a brief review of surgical challenge and a practical action-based set of recommendations. Our increased understandings of the pathophysiology of various SUI cases coupled with effective therapeutic strategies to enhance AUS surgery continue to improve clinical outcomes of many patients with SUI.
RESUMO
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Anormalidades Congênitas , Contratura , Disfunção Erétil , Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido , Induração Peniana , Prótese de Pênis , Pênis , Reabilitação , Sensação , Padrão de Cuidado , Cirurgiões , TransplantesRESUMO
The artificial urinary sphincter (AUS) remains the standard of care in men with severe stress urinary incontinence (SUI) following prostate surgery and radiation. While the current AUS provides an effective, safe, and durable treatment option, it is not without its limitations and complications, especially with regard to its utility in some "high-risk" populations. This article provides a critical review of relevant publications pertaining to AUS surgery in specific high-risk groups such as men with spinal cord injury, revision cases, concurrent penile prosthesis implant, and female SUI. The discussion of each category includes a brief review of surgical challenge and a practical action-based set of recommendations. Our increased understandings of the pathophysiology of various SUI cases coupled with effective therapeutic strategies to enhance AUS surgery continue to improve clinical outcomes of many patients with SUI.
Assuntos
Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Disfunção Erétil/cirurgia , Implante Peniano , Implantação de Prótese/métodos , Reoperação , Traumatismos da Medula Espinal/complicações , Bexiga Urinaria Neurogênica/cirurgia , Incontinência Urinária por Estresse/cirurgia , Esfíncter Urinário ArtificialRESUMO
Penile prosthesis implant (PPI) remains an effective and safe treatment option for men with erectile dysfunction (ED). However, PPI surgery can be associated with a higher risk of complications in certain populations. This article provides a critical review of relevant publications pertaining to PPI in men with diabetes, significant corporal fibrosis, spinal cord injury, concurrent continence surgery, and complex salvage cases. The discussion of each category of special populations includes a brief review of the surgical challenges and a practical action-based set of recommendations. While specific patient populations posed considerable challenges in PPI surgery, strict pre- and postoperative management coupled with safe surgical practice is a prerequisite to achieving excellent clinical outcomes and high patient satisfaction rate.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Complicações do Diabetes , Diabetes Mellitus , Disfunção Erétil/cirurgia , Implante Peniano , Induração Peniana/cirurgia , Prótese de Pênis , Priapismo/cirurgia , Infecções Relacionadas à Prótese/prevenção & controle , Terapia de Salvação , Traumatismos da Medula Espinal/complicações , Slings Suburetrais , Infecção da Ferida Cirúrgica/prevenção & controle , Incontinência Urinária/cirurgia , Esfíncter Urinário ArtificialRESUMO
The efficacy of intravesical onabotulinumtoxinA (BTXA) in the treatment of overactive bladder (OAB) has been well documented. The use of BTXA injection in orthotopic neobladders is yet to be studied. We present 4 cases of patients injected with intravesical BTXA for overactive orthotopic ileal neobladder. We recorded patient demographics, presenting and follow-up symptoms, urodynamic profiles, and Patient Global Impression of Improvement (PGI-I) scores. The 4 patients reported varying degrees of subjective improvements in the symptoms, including urgency, urge incontinence, and pad usage. Mean follow-up duration was 8.3 months (range, 5-14 months). Average PGI-I score was 3 ("a little better") (range, 2-4). To our knowledge, the current study is the first case series examining BTXA injection for orthotopic neobladder overactivity. BTXA injection yielded varying degrees of objective and subjective improvements, without significant complications. Intravesical BTXA injection is feasible and may be considered as a potential treatment alternative for OAB in orthotopic neobladders, although further study is warranted.
Assuntos
Humanos , Administração Intravesical , Demografia , Seguimentos , Bexiga Urinária Hiperativa , Derivação Urinária , Incontinência Urinária de Urgência , Coletores de Urina , UrodinâmicaRESUMO
PURPOSE: To report on lessons learnt in the management of primary invasive penile cancer in a major tertiary hospital in Australia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Medical records for all patients who underwent surgery for primary invasive penile cancer between January 2000 and January 2011 were obtained. Patient demographics, clinical status of inguinal node, cancer stage and clinical outcomes were reviewed. All patients were followed up for a minimum of 48 months postoperative unless patient deceased within the first 48 months from the time of penile cancer surgery. RESULTS: Over the 11-year period, a total of 23 cases of invasive penile cancer were identified. Partial penectomy was the most common form of organ preserving surgery and the majority of patients have pT1b disease. Of the 9 patients with clinically palpable inguinal nodes, 7 patients were diagnosed with pN3 disease following inguinal lymphadenectomy. The Kaplan-Meier cancer-specific survival at 72 months showed decreasing survival based on tumour stage (83% in pT1, 79% in pT2, and 64% in pT3 disease) and nodal disease (100% in node negative, 50% in superficial inguinal lymphadenopathy, and 38% in patients with deep inguinal and/or pelvic lymphadenopathy) (p=0.082). The Kaplan-Meier cancer-specific survival revealed statistically significant difference in survival outcome in patients with local recurrence vs. systemic metastasis disease (33% vs. 17%, p=0.008). CONCLUSIONS: The presence of high risk features such as tumour stage, lymph node involvement and distant metastasis carries a significant higher risk of death and tumour recurrence in patients with penile cancer and inguinal lymph node metastasis.
Assuntos
Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patologia , Seguimentos , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Excisão de Linfonodo , Metástase Linfática , Invasividade Neoplásica , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Neoplasias Penianas/patologia , Prognóstico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy, safety and patient satisfaction outcomes following low intensity extracorporeal shock wave therapy (LiESWT) in men with Peyronie's disease (PD) using a standardised protocol. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this open-label single arm prospective study, patients with PD were enrolled following informed consent. Patient demographics, change in penile curvature and plaque hardness, International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF)-5 score, and overall satisfaction score (on a 5-point scale) were recorded. Treatment template consists of 3000 shock waves to the Peyronie's plaque over 20 minutes, twice weekly for 6 weeks. RESULTS: The majority of patients have PD history longer than 6 months (mean, 12.8 months; range, 6-28 months). Two thirds of patients have received and failed oral medical therapy. There were improvements in penile curvature (more than 15 degrees in 33% of men), plaque hardness (60% of men) and penile pain (4 out of 6 men) following LiESWT. There was a moderate improvement in IIEF-5 score (>5 points reported in 20% of men). No complication was reported and the majority of patients were satisfied (rated 4 out of 5; 70% of men) and would recommend this therapy to others. CONCLUSIONS: In a carefully selected group of men with PD, LiESWT appears to be safe, has moderate efficacy and is associated with high patient satisfaction rate in the short term.
Assuntos
Adulto , Idoso , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Distribuição por Idade , Estudos de Viabilidade , Litotripsia/efeitos adversos , Dor/prevenção & controle , Satisfação do Paciente , Induração Peniana/patologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Aging results in erectile dysfunction that is partially attributed to decreased nitric oxide [NO] and increased free radical generation. Vitamin E enhances endothelial cell function and acts as a free radical scavenger; however, its benefits on erectile function in the elderly are unknown. The aim of the following study is to determine if Vitamin E alone, or in combination with the phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor sildenafil, may improve erectile function and the NO signaling in a cohort of aged [13-15 month old] rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats [n = 28] were divided based upon age into young [4-5 months old, n = 7] and aged [13-15 months old, n = 21] cohorts. Aged rats were treated with Vitamin E, sildenafil or a combination of both. Penile cavernosal and dorsal nerve tissues were evaluated for neuronal nitric oxide synthase [nNOS] and caveolin-1 expression. Erectile function was assessed through intra-cavernous pressure [ICP] recordings. nNOS and cavoelin-1 were significantly decreased in aged rats compared with young controls. In aged rats, both Vitamin E and sildenafil partially recovered nNOS expression but when combined, a synergistic elevation in nNOS was observed. The significant decreases in ICP recorded in aged rats were improved with sildenafil; however, Vitamin E did not yield any additional improvements in ICP. Diminished levels of nNOS and caveolin-1 are found in aged rats. When combined with sildenafil, Vitamin E synergistically increased nNOS expression. Since biochemical gains were not realized physiologically, other contributing factors likely exist